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Journal articles on the topic 'Rose Toner'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Jaskaran, Singh. "Formulation and Evaluation of Rose Toner." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2025): 5169–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15561492.

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The formulation and evaluation of a rose toner aim to develop a natural skincare product that can effectively cleanse and hydrate the skin while providing soothing and anti-inflammatory benefits. This project focuses on utilizing rose water as the primary ingredient due to its well-known therapeutic properties, including skin rejuvenation, hydration, and its mild astringent effects. The toner is formulated with a blend of rose water, glycerin, and other natural preservatives to ensure stability and efficacy. Several batches of the toner are prepared with varying concentrations of active ingred

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sagar, Anuja. "Herbal Facial Toner: A Review." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 01 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem40876.

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Herbal facial toners have gained popularity for their natural and soothing properties, offering an effective solution for skin care. These toners, derived from plant-based ingredients, help to refresh, hydrate, and balance the skin's pH while providing essential nutrients. Rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, herbal toners are gentle on the skin, making them suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin. By incorporating botanicals such as aloe vera, witch hazel, rose water, and chamomile, these toners not only cleanse the skin but also promote healing and calm irritation. The

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Rutuja, Bagade* Abhijeet Pawar Mayuri Bhosale Sharvari Yadav Yogesh Chavan. "Formulation And Evaluation of Herbal Toner Using Cucumber, Tomato, Rose Water and Honey." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 6 (2025): 1263–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15609651.

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In this study, a herbal face toner made with natural materials like cucumber, tomato, rose water, honey, and glycerin is formulated and evaluated. The major goal was to create a non-toxic, skin-friendly toner that would reduce pore size, preserve the skin's pH balance, and moisturise, calm, and revitalise the skin. The active ingredients, such as vitamin A and ascorbic acid, were preserved by lyophilising tomato and cucumber extracts. After combining these extracts with rose water, honey, and preservatives, the toner was created and assessed using a number of physicochemical characteristics, i

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Nilesh, Gawali* Vishal Lande Dhananjay Popalghat Karan Gavhane Mayur Kharat Kapil Bhagat Dr. Shivshankar Mhaske Pankaj Fitawe. "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Facial Toner." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 5 (2025): 525–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15507606.

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Natural remedies have lesser side effects, secure and also aceeptable than chemical ones. In the world market, formulations with natural ingredients have more accesible. For delivering the drug imediately to the site of action, which gives prolonged action is the benefits of topical drug delivery system. Skin is the main path of delivery of drug in TDDS. The ingredients are easily available which are being used. They are not only easily available but also has nutritional value from topical point of view and more economical. To formulate and evaluate the formulation is the motive of this projec

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Anand, Bongane* Saurabh Abhale Priya Jaware Dr. Santosh Payghan. "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Tonar." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 4 (2025): 9246–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15226686.

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In today's fast world a natural rejuvenation is a necessary step for one's healthy mind and skin. The mist toner is a Natural freshener toner as well as a good cosmetic having rejuvenating and cleansing properties on the skin. The study is aimed to formulate a natural and safe herbal skin toner that has a calming, soothing, effect on the facial skin to reduce the facial irritancy and bring freshness, also to enhance the beauty. The Cucumber and Aloe vera areused gives excellent results and safety for sensitive skin types and can be used on daily basis. The purpose behind formulating the mist i

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Vibhavari, M. Chatur, G. Walode Sanjay, A. Awate Siddhi, U. Gandhi Minal, and S. Thorat Vaishnavi. "Formulation and physical characterization of herbal face gel toner." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 1 (2021): 138–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169356.

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Topical applications of the drugs have an advantage of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and acting for a longer period of time. Skin is one of the most widespread and readily accessible organs on the human body for topical administration and is the main route of topical drug delivery system. The main aim of this project was to formulate a natural and safe herbal skin toner which has calming, soothing, and astringent, effect on the face and skin to reduce the facial irritancy and enhance the beauty and can be used in day today busy schedule. The extracts used are from the ingr

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Noor, Muhammad, Siti Malahayati, and Kunti Nastiti. "FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS SEDIAAN TONER WAJAH EKSTRAK BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia L) SEBAGAI ANTI JERAWAT DENGAN VARIASI SURFAKTAN." Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2023): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v5i1.330.

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Bitter gourd extract (Momordica charantia L) contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins that can be antibacterial against acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes). Momordica charantia L., could make into facial toner preparations to prevent the emergence and worsen acne. It is formulated with various concentrations of polysorbate 20 and performs stability testing. This study aimed at the optimal formula and analyzed the variations in the concentration effect of polysorbate 20 on the bitter gourd extract facial toner preparation. Bitter gourd extract would

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Häkkänen, Heikki, Kaj Backfolk, Petri Sirviö, and Jouko Korppi-Tommola. "Study of Toner Penetration in Papers by Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy and Optical Profilometry." Coatings 13, no. 2 (2023): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020346.

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Four major toners are used in the printing industry, cyan, magenta, yellow and black (Key) for making color images on paper. Paper brands suitable for printing have thin mineral/latex coatings, and toners are applied on top of the coating in the printing process. Chemical compositions from toner to toner, as well as from coating to coating, vary according to the needs of the end user. Interactions between the toner and the coating define the final color formation of the images in printing. Hence, it is important to study characteristics and dynamics of toners on coated papers. In this paper, w

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Ashwini, S. Chakote, Mandlik Chetan, Dhulasavant Shruti, and Tejam Harsh. "Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Toner." International Journal of Scientific Development and Research 9, no. 6 (2024): 360–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11649893.

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Herbal face toners have become popular in the skincare category due to their natural origin and gentle effective properties. This paper explores the formulation and benefits of herbal face toners, emphasizing their role in balancing in skin pH level, tightening pores, providing hydration. Various herbs commonly used in toner, such as aloe vera, cucumber, lemon grass are discussed for their soothing and revitalizing effects. Overall herbal face toners offer a holistic approach to skincare, catering to individuals seeking a natural and rejuvenating solution for their skin concerns.

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Drozd, Marcin, Polina Ivanova, Katarzyna Tokarska, et al. "Versatile and Easily Designable Polyester-Laser Toner Interfaces for Site-Oriented Adsorption of Antibodies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (2022): 3771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073771.

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Laser toners appear as attractive materials for barriers and easily laminated interphases for Lab-on-a-Foil microfluidics, due to the excellent adhesion to paper and various membranes or foils. This work shows for the first time a comprehensive study on the adsorption of antibodies on toner-covered poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET@toner) substrates, together with assessment of such platforms in rapid prototyping of disposable microdevices and microarrays for immunodiagnostics. In the framework of presented research, the surface properties and antibody binding capacity of PET substrates with v

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Gómez, David M., Peggy Mok, Mikhail Ordin, Jacques Mehler, and Marina Nespor. "Statistical Speech Segmentation in Tone Languages: The Role of Lexical Tones." Language and Speech 61, no. 1 (2017): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830917706529.

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Research has demonstrated distinct roles for consonants and vowels in speech processing. For example, consonants have been shown to support lexical processes, such as the segmentation of speech based on transitional probabilities (TPs), more effectively than vowels. Theory and data so far, however, have considered only non-tone languages, that is to say, languages that lack contrastive lexical tones. In the present work, we provide a first investigation of the role of consonants and vowels in statistical speech segmentation by native speakers of Cantonese, as well as assessing how tones modula

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Roes, Suzanne. "Primair muzikaal formalisme." FORUM+ 28, no. 2 (2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/forum2021.2.008.roes.

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Abstract Muzikaal formalisme, het idee dat de schoonheid of betekenis van muziek in haar vorm te vinden is, heeft het zwaar te verduren gehad in filosofische debatten. We vinden het te intellectualistisch en het sluit niet aan bij de ervaring van veel muziekliefhebbers. Aan de hand van de Beatles zal ik tonen hoe een ervaringsgerichte houding kan worden gezien als een vorm van formalisme die aan analyse voorafgaat. De ideeën van Susan Sontag helpen om dit primaire formalisme tot een bruikbare theorie te maken.

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Aishwarya, Jaiswal* Sumit Mundhe Vaishnavi Kherdekar Shrikant Chavan Sakshi Bodwade Dr. Ashish Gawai Dr. Shirish Jain. "Formulation and Evaluation of Scrub by using Almond Shells with Toning Effect." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 3 (2025): 3367–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15113145.

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Herbal cosmeceuticals often contain plant parts that are antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-aging. The safest products to use on a regular basis are herbal cosmetics, which have no known negative effects, and cosmeceuticals, which affect the biological function of Variou skin. Herbs are utilized to clean and improve the appearance of the skin. The active ingredients in this preparation include almond shells, rice powder, sandalwood, turmeric, honey, aloe vera, rose essence, lemon grass, cucumber juice, and almond oil. The gel is made with various grades of tamarind gum. Ritha was put to the

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Cai, Xintong. "Improvement and analysis of toner based on triboelectric." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 68 (October 9, 2023): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v68i.12059.

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Toner in the laser printer has played a significant role recently, however, the pollution of toner is not optimistic, toner produces ozone in the process of printing, and because of the characteristics of toner insoluble in water, when it is exposed to air, toner which are small particles will easily to enter the human body and keep in the human kidney, which has a great impact on the health. In the article, the experimental model of quantified triboelectricity is proposed according to the physical principle of toner, which uses mercury as a liquid metal to quantify triboelectricity, aiming to

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Mercadé, Laura, and Alejandro Martínez. "Optomechanical microwave oscillators." Reviews of Electromagnetics 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53792/roe/2022.1/21009.

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Optomechanical interaction in optical dielectric cavities can be used to generate high-purity microwave tones, giving rise to optomechanical microwave oscillators. Here, we introduce the main properties of these devices, which can be implemented in photonic integrated chips, and envisage its deployment in the mid-term in microwave photonics applications.

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Edwards, C. "Review. Leisure and ancient Rome. JP Toner." Classical Review 47, no. 1 (1997): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/47.1.140.

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Wang, Xin (Shane), Shijie Lu, X. I. Li, Mansur Khamitov, and Neil Bendle. "Audio Mining: The Role of Vocal Tone in Persuasion." Journal of Consumer Research 48, no. 2 (2021): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucab012.

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Abstract Persuasion success is often related to hard-to-measure characteristics, such as the way the persuader speaks. To examine how vocal tones impact persuasion in an online appeal, this research measures persuaders’ vocal tones in Kickstarter video pitches using novel audio mining technology. Connecting vocal tone dimensions with real-world funding outcomes offers insight into the impact of vocal tones on receivers’ actions. The core hypothesis of this paper is that a successful persuasion attempt is associated with vocal tones denoting (1) focus, (2) low stress, and (3) stable emotions. T

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Mehta, Anahita H., Nori Jacoby, Ifat Yasin, Andrew J. Oxenham, and Shihab A. Shamma. "An auditory illusion reveals the role of streaming in the temporal misallocation of perceptual objects." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1714 (2017): 20160114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0114.

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This study investigates the neural correlates and processes underlying the ambiguous percept produced by a stimulus similar to Deutsch's ‘octave illusion’, in which each ear is presented with a sequence of alternating pure tones of low and high frequencies. The same sequence is presented to each ear, but in opposite phase, such that the left and right ears receive a high–low–high … and a low–high–low … pattern, respectively. Listeners generally report hearing the illusion of an alternating pattern of low and high tones, with all the low tones lateralized to one side and all the high tones late

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McAlpine, David. "Neural Sensitivity to Periodicity in the Inferior Colliculus: Evidence for the Role of Cochlear Distortions." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 3 (2004): 1295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00034.2004.

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Responses of low characteristic-frequency (CF) neurons in the inferior colliculus were obtained to amplitude-modulated (AM) high-frequency tones in which the modulation rate was equal to the neuron's CF. Despite all spectral components lying outside the pure tone–evoked response areas, discharge rates were modulated by the AM signals. Introducing a low-frequency tone (CF − 1 Hz) to the same ear as the AM tones produced a 1-Hz beat in the neural response. Introducing a tone (CF − 1 Hz) to the opposite ear to the AM tone also produced a beat in the neural response, with the beat at the period of

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Rose, David. "Sister, shall I tell you?" Interpersonal Meaning 25, no. 1 (2018): 97–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.17015.ros.

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Abstract This paper analyses a set of exchanges between members of Australia’s Indigenous Western Desert culture, in the Pitjantjatjara dialect of the Western Desert language. The analyses are designed to illustrate how social relations in the culture are enacted with resources for interpersonal meaning in the language. The paper begins with a brief overview of social and linguistic theory underpinning the analyses. This is followed by a survey of Pitjantjatjara language resources for structuring exchanges, and for realising exchange moves in the grammar of clauses and the tones on which they

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Tan, M. L., and J. G. G. Borst. "Comparison of Responses of Neurons in the Mouse Inferior Colliculus to Current Injections, Tones of Different Durations, and Sinusoidal Amplitude-Modulated Tones." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 1 (2007): 454–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00174.2007.

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We made in vivo whole cell patch-clamp recordings from the inferior colliculus of young-adult, anesthetized C57/Bl6 mice to compare the responses to constant-current injections with the responses to tones of different duration or to sinusoidal amplitude-modulated (SAM) tones. We observed that voltage-dependent ion channels contributed in several ways to the response to tones. A sustained response to long tones was observed only in cells showing little accommodation during current injection. Cells showing burst-onset firing during current injection showed a small response to SAM tones, whereas

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Ajiboye, Oladiipo. "Mid-toned and high-toned elements in Yoruba." Studies in African Linguistics 36, no. 2 (2007): 128–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v36i2.107301.

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This paper examines three M-toned and three H-toned elements in Yoruba. On the one hand are the mid-toned mora (MT/-l), the mid-toned ni and the mid-toned ti. On the other hand are the H-toned mora (HT/-l), the H-toned nl and the H-toned 6. I propose that the parallels between these elements are syntactically and semantically conditioned. Every occurrence of a M-toned element shows agreement in the nominal domain whereas every occurrence of a H-toned element shows agreement in the verbal or extended verbal domain. I show that the pairs converge in their semantic role as case assigners. In part

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Umurzakov, Islom. "THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN’S LIFE." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 02, no. 12 (2022): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-12-16.

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Music is a melody that reflects the inner emotional experiences of a person. "Music (Greek - art of muses) is an art form that reflects human emotional experiences, thoughts, imagination through the consistency or set of musical sounds (tones, melodies)." The genesis of music goes back to primitive times. There are different theories about this in science. Some researchers associate the emergence of music with a primitive ritual, some with the labor process, others with hunting processes (pre-hunting and post-hunting games).

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Tarichko, V.I., A.V. Lagerev, and I.A. Lagerev. "Force calculation of the fastening mechanism of the end tower of a mobile transport and reloading rope unit using a holding rope." Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 9, no. 2 (2023): 159–72. https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2023-09-02-159-172.

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<em>Mobile transport and reloading rope units based on special self-propelled wheeled chassis with increased load capacity and cross-country capability are currently a promising type of rope transport technologies for logistics operations in difficult natural conditions, if necessary, their rapid deployment. However, the issues of designing and analyzing the work processes occurring in the main technological equipment of these units during the operation of single-span mobile ropeways of the pendulum type have not yet been sufficiently investigated. This article presents a mathematical model de

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Thurgood, Ela. "An acoustic study of Iu-Mien tones with a special focus on the role of laryngealization in low tone differentiation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 146, no. 4 (2019): 3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5137443.

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Ho-Dac, Tuc. "Tonal facilitation of code-switching." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 20, no. 2 (1997): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.20.2.08hod.

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Abstract This paper investigates the role in which Vietnamese tones may hold in facilitating code-switching between Vietnamese and English. Stress patterns of English and perceptual pattern of the six Vietnamese tones were compared (Vietnamese assigns one tone to each syllable). The analysis of Vietnamese tones immediately preceding code-switching reveals that there is a statistically significant proportion of the high tone group at the point of switching. This fact, together with the perceptually phonological compatibility between Vietnamese tones of high and mid-level pitch and English stres

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Rodríguez, Joyce, Stephen T. Neely, Harisadhan Patra, et al. "The role of suppression in psychophysical tone-on-tone masking." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 1 (2010): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3257224.

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Behne, Nicole, Henning Scheich, and André Brechmann. "Contralateral White Noise Selectively Changes Right Human Auditory Cortex Activity Caused by a FM-Direction Task." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 1 (2005): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00568.2004.

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Animal and human studies suggest that directional categorization of frequency-modulated (FM) tones (rising vs. falling) is a function of the right auditory cortex (AC). To investigate this hemispheric specialization in more detail, we analyzed both the binaural and monaural representation of FM tones and the influence of contralateral white noise on the processing of FM tone direction. In two fMRI-experiments, FM tones with varied direction, center-frequencies, and duration were presented binaurally or monaurally without contralateral white noise (experiment 1) and with contralateral white noi

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Olaide, Oladimeji. "Tense, Aspect and Negation in Ikhin: The Role of Tone." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE HUMANITY & MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 02, no. 01 (2023): 01–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7503395.

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A recurring feature is the role of tone in the grammar of Ikhin. The associative H tomorph as a general feature of Edoid languages is well demonstrated in Ikhin. So is evidence of tone function in tense, aspect and negation. This paper examines the realization of tone in verbal elements in Ikhin. In this paper, by verbal elements, I mean tense, progressive aspect, negation and verb stem. This language has two basic tones and a downstep. The classic ‘two tones plus downstep’ is the most widespread in Edoid. The analysis of Ikhin tone system as containing two tones and a downstep con

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Quinn, Ian. "The Combinatorial Model of Pitch Contour." Music Perception 16, no. 4 (1999): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285803.

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Much previous work on the perception of pitch contour has concerned itself only with the contour relations among adjacent notes, which may lead to the assumption that relations among nonadjacent tones do not play a role in the mental representation of contour. Music theorists, on the other hand, have developed sophisticated models of contour in which relations among nonadjacent tones play an integral part. In order to test the salience of relations among nonadjacent melodic tones in the perception of melodic contour, musically trained participants were asked to rate the similarity of discrete

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Cheng, Winnie, and Martin Warren. "//CAN i help you //." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2005): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.10.1.05che.

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This paper examines the use of two tones by speakers across a variety of discourse types in the Hong Kong Corpus of Spoken English (HKCSE). Specifically, it focuses on the use of the rise and rise-fall tones by speakers to assert dominance and control in different discourse types. Brazil (1997) argues that the use of the rise and the rise-fall tones is a means of exerting dominance and control at certain points in the discourse and that while conversational participants have the option to freely exchange this role throughout the discourse, in other kinds of discourse such behaviour would be se

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Tsukada, Kimiko, and Mariko Kondo. "The Perception of Mandarin Lexical Tones by Native Speakers of Burmese." Language and Speech 62, no. 4 (2018): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830918806550.

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This study examines the perception of Mandarin lexical tones by native speakers of Burmese who use lexical tones in their first language (L1) but are naïve to Mandarin. Unlike Mandarin tones, which are primarily cued by pitch, Burmese tones are cued by phonation type as well as pitch. The question of interest is whether Burmese listeners can utilize their L1 experience in processing unfamiliar Mandarin tones. Burmese listeners’ discrimination accuracy was compared with that of Mandarin listeners and Australian English listeners. The Australian English group was included as a control group with

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Wang, Ting, Jun Liu, Yong-hun Lee, and Yong-cheol Lee. "The interaction between tone and prosodic focus in Mandarin Chinese." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 21, no. 2 (2020): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00063.wan.

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Abstract This study characterized focused tones in Mandarin Chinese through a production experiment using phone number strings. The results revealed that, although phonation cues had little effect on any focused tone, prosodic cues exhibited various patterns of distribution. Duration played an important role for each focused tone, but intensity had a relatively less salient role. Among pitch-related parameters, the raising of pitch register was an important cue when a level tone (tone 1) was focused. By contrast, due to the interaction between tone and intonation, absolute slope and pitch rang

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Povel, Dirk-Jan, and Erik Jansen. "Harmonic Factors in the Perception of Tonal Melodies." Music Perception 20, no. 1 (2002): 51–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2002.20.1.51.

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By common assumption, the first step in processing a tonal melody consists in setting up the appropriate metrical and harmonic frames required for the mental representation of the sequence of tones. Focusing on the generation of a harmonic frame, this study aims (a) to discover the factors that facilitate or interfere with the development of a harmonic interpretation, and (b) to test the hypothesis that goodness ratings of tone sequences largely depend on whether the listener succeeds in creating a suitable harmonic interpretation. In two experiments, listeners rated the melodic goodness of se

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Thai, Ta Yen, Hoang Ngo Huy, Dao Van Tuyet, Sergey V. Ablameyko, Nguyen Van Hung, and Doan Van Hoa. "Tonal languages speech synthesis using an indirect pitch markers and the quantitative target approximation methods." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Mathematics and Informatics, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6508-2019-3-105-121.

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Synthesizing tones plays an important role in text-to-speech systems of tonal languages. To accomplish this, the two important steps are to determine the pitch markers of voice utterances and synthesize F0 trajectories for lexical tones. In this paper, we propose two efficient algorithms, one of them is to locate the pitch markers at the peaks of the cumulative signal of each voiced part of the input utterance and the other is to generate F0 trajectories of tones with quantitative target approximation (qTA) parameters of Xu model. The experimentation has shown that the proposed algorithms pres

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Lam, Man Fong. "Length as the Exclusive Distinctive Feature:." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2010): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-00401007.

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Pitch is generally regarded as the exclusive distinctive tonal feature in tone descriptions of Chinese dialects. By means of acoustic experiments, this paper investigates the tones of the Fuqing dialect. The results show that the F0 of the shangsheng and yangqu tones are nearly identical. A perception experiment involving identification tests was conducted to explore the influence of tone length on tonal perception. The results show that length functions as the exclusive distinctive feature. This demonstrates the vital role length plays in a description of the tones of the Fuqing dialect.

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Lam, Man Fong. "Length as the Exclusive Distinctive Feature: A Perception Experiment of Fuqing Tones." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2010): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526963-90000521.

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Pitch is generally regarded as the exclusive distinctive tonal feature in tone descriptions of Chinese dialects. By means of acoustic experiments, this paper investigates the tones of the Fuqing dialect. The results show that the F0 of the shangsheng and yangqu tones are nearly identical. A perception experiment involving identification tests was conducted to explore the influence of tone length on tonal perception. The results show that length functions as the exclusive distinctive feature. This demonstrates the vital role length plays in a description of the tones of the Fuqing dialect.

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Li, Xuan, and Feng Wang. "A preliminary study on nasalization and phonation." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 23, no. 1 (2021): 116–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00101.li.

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Abstract Although it is widely acknowledged that different speech processes may interact with each other, the way that nasalization affects phonation remains poorly understood. This paper explores the relationship between nasalization and phonation, by analyzing the phonetic cues of the tense/lax distinction both in nasalization and non-nasalization in the Bai language. The data for discussion is from two Bai dialects, Chengbei and Jinhua, which have a tense/lax distinction in both nasalized and non-nasalized syllables. Three phonation parameters – fundamental frequency (F0), open quotient (OQ

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Tollin, Daniel J., Janet L. Ruhland, and Tom C. T. Yin. "The role of spectral composition of sounds on the localization of sound sources by cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 6 (2013): 1658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00358.2012.

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Sound localization along the azimuthal dimension depends on interaural time and level disparities, whereas localization in elevation depends on broadband power spectra resulting from the filtering properties of the head and pinnae. We trained cats with their heads unrestrained, using operant conditioning to indicate the apparent locations of sounds via gaze shift. Targets consisted of broadband (BB), high-pass (HP), or low-pass (LP) noise, tones from 0.5 to 14 kHz, and 1/6 octave narrow-band (NB) noise with center frequencies ranging from 6 to 16 kHz. For each sound type, localization performa

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Lin, Hui-shan. "Indirect tone-prominence interaction in Kunming tone sandhi." Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 45, no. 1 (2019): 44–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.00003.li.

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Abstract Kunming exhibits a special kind of interaction between tone and prominence whereby the prosodic headedness is shown to play an indirect role in tone sandhi. Due to higher-ranked tonal faithfulness constraints, lower tones, which are universally unfavored in the head position, do not change to higher tones, and higher tones, which are universally unfavored in the non-head position, do not change to lower tones. Nonetheless, though the unfavored tone-(non-)head correlation does not directly trigger tone sandhi, it indirectly decides whether tone sandhi will take place. Falling tones, in

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SINGH, LEHER, ALOYSIA TAN, and THILANGA D. WEWALAARACHCHI. "Lexical tone variation and spoken word recognition in preschool children: effects of perceptual salience." Journal of Child Language 44, no. 4 (2016): 924–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000916000325.

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AbstractChildren undergo gradual progression in their ability to differentiate correct and incorrect pronunciations of words, a process that is crucial to establishing a native vocabulary. For the most part, the development of mature phonological representations has been researched by investigating children's sensitivity to consonant and vowel variation, with a much lesser focus on lexical tones. The current study investigates sensitivity to lexical tones in word recognition with specific attention to role of perceptual salience. Chinese-speaking preschoolers were presented with familiar words

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Abhay, Singh* Sahil Kumar Nasira Abbasi. "Formulation and Evaluation of Alum Toner Spray for Anti-Acne Activity." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2025): 18–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15315524.

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Alum, also known as fitkari, is a naturally occurring compound that has been recognized for its role in skin health. It assists in lightening dark spots, minimizing scars, and reducing fine lines due to its astringent and antibacterial properties. Transdermal sprays (TS) have emerged as a superior alternative to traditional transdermal drug delivery systems because of enhanced safety and user compliance. The increasing global demand for multifunctional skincare products with minimal side effects underscores the relevance of innovative ingredients such as alum. Chemically, alum is denoted as KA

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Young, Jennifer J. "Leadership Styles and Gender Role: Internalization among Female Managers in the United States." Advancing Women in Leadership Journal 31 (June 12, 2017): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/awlj-v31.a86.

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The purpose of this study was to examine whether the level of gender role internalization influences female leadership style. A quantitative online survey was developed that included Bass's Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (1985) and the Gender Role Socialization Scale (1999), developed at the University of Toronto by Dr. Brenda Toner and her colleagues. One hundred respondents were recruited from Financial Women International, a professional business association of women, and LinkendIn, an online networking community for business professionals. Only respondents who were female and in mana

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Heston, Tyler. "The role of rhythm in intonational melody: A case study from Fataluku." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 1 (June 12, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v1i0.3712.

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This paper takes a fresh look at the theoretical relationship between linguistic rhythm and linguistic melody, arguing for a closer connection between metrical structure and intonational organization than is typically assumed. The focus of this paper is the theoretical treatment of word-medial intonational targets in languages without stress, since at first glance, such word-medial targets challenge the core assumption of the autosegmental-metrical theory of intonation that all intonational targets are aligned either with a stressed syllable or with the edge of a prosodic domain. I propose tha

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Woo, Boeui. "한국어 응답에서의: 거든의 화용적 의미와 경계 억양에 관한 음향학적 분석". Korean Society of Bilingualism 83 (30 червня 2021): 99–130. https://doi.org/10.17296/korbil.2021..83.99.

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Despite prosody, especially for boundary tones, playing a crucial role in expressing ones’ emotions and attitudes towards the interlocutor in Korean conversation, the association between Korean endings and boundary tones has not been fully identified. Therefore, this study seeks to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the pragmatic meanings of the Korean ending -ketun by performing an acoustic analysis of its boundary tones using a speech dataset. The results show that, on one hand, -ketun with H% brings about face-threatening acts (Brown & Levinson, 1987), showing speakers’ disagr

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Crawford, Richard. "Edward MacDowell: Musical Nationalism and an American Tone Poet." Journal of the American Musicological Society 49, no. 3 (1996): 528–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831771.

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After American-born, European-trained Edward MacDowell returned to the United States in 1888 and settled in Boston, he was welcomed as the composer American music had been awaiting. Enhanced by a professorship at Columbia University (1896-1904), his fame drew him into the current debate over musical nationalism. MacDowell relished the role of American composer, using national elements to approach artistic universality. "To a Wild Rose" for piano links post-Wagnerian tonality with programmatic suggestion in a style echoed by later popular songs. And "Dirge" from the Indian Suite evokes Native A

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Yasuda, Makoto, Gug-rae Jo, Katsuyoshi Hoshino, and Takashi Kitamura. "Role of Charge Transport Layer in Toner Display by Electrical Particle Movement." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 17, no. 1 (2001): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2001.17.1.art00068_2.

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Morton, Chester M. "Packing and Its Role in Packed Tower Design." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2016, no. 2 (2016): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864716821122883.

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Cheryl, A. Black. "Boundary tones on wordinternal domains in Kinande." Phonology 12, no. 1 (1995): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700002372.

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This paper demonstrates the role of word-internal domains in the complex verbal tonology of Kinande, a Bantu language spoken in Zaire. As Hyman (1990) details, Kinande displays sensitivity to the phrase-level prosodic domains by placing boundary tones at the right edges of Phonological Phrases and Intonational Phrases. Under the analysis proposed here, the word-internal domains may also be delimited by boundary tones. These domains are normally referred to as the Stem, Macrostem and Infl domains.

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Ohl, Frank W., Wolfram Wetzel, Thomas Wagner, Alexander Rech, and Henning Scheich. "Bilateral Ablation of Auditory Cortex in Mongolian Gerbil Affects Discrimination of Frequency Modulated Tones but not of Pure Tones." Learning & Memory 6, no. 4 (1999): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.6.4.347.

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This study examines the role of auditory cortex in the Mongolian gerbil in differential conditioning to pure tones and to linearly frequency-modulated (FM) tones by analyzing the effects of bilateral auditory cortex ablation. Learning behavior and performance were studied in a GO/NO-GO task aiming at avoidance of a mild foot shock by crossing a hurdle in a two-way shuttle box. Hurdle crossing as the conditioned response to the reinforced stimulus (CR+), as false alarm in response to the unreinforced stimulus (CR−), intertrial activity, and reaction times were monitored. The analysis revealed n

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