Academic literature on the topic 'SAID mnemonic'

Complex cognition relies on both on-line representations in working memory (WM), said to reside in the focus of attention, and passive off-line representations of related information. Here, we dissected the focus of attention by showing that distinct neural signals index the on-line storage of objects and sustained spatial attention. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during two tasks that employed identical stimulus displays but varied the relative demands for object storage and spatial attention. We found distinct delay-period signatures for an attention task (which required only spatial attention) and a WM task (which invoked both spatial attention and object storage). Although both tasks required active maintenance of spatial information, only the WM task elicited robust contralateral delay activity that was sensitive to mnemonic load. Thus, we argue that the focus of attention is maintained via a collaboration between distinct processes for covert spatial orienting and object-based storage.

The password creation and management process presents a problem for users as secure passwords are not often very memorable, and memorable passwords are rarely secure (Adams & Sasse, 1999). Given that passwords are currently the dominant authentication method and that this situation is unlikely to change in the near future, it is imperative to continue to investigate the most effective password behaviors. Researchers have suggested that encouraging users to create passwords based on stories can be an effective method to improve password recall (Blocki, Komanduri, Cranor, & Datta, 2015). The Person-Action-Object (PAO) strategy has users create a password string based on a person they select from a predetermined list, which is later paired with an action and an object. Users are asked to imagine the person acting upon said object in a certain context. For instance, a user may imagine Darth Vader (person) bribing (action) a roach (object) among lily pads. The PAO method can help users circumvent much of the forgetting that happens soon after encoding a password. It has separately been suggested that processing pieces of information based on their relevance to one’s own fitness and survival can be the most advantageous type of processing for human memory (Nairne & Pandeirada, 2008; Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007). When paired against some of the most successful classic encoding techniques, processing information in regard to one’s survival has been demonstrated to be more effective (Nairne et al., 2007). The benefit provided by encoding items based on the survival-related context in comparison to similarly vivid contexts has come to be known as the survival processing advantage. Though the survival processing advantage has been found consistently across many memory studies, this advantage has not yet been studied in the context of improving memory for passwords. The present study is one of the first attempts aimed at applying what has been posed as a stone-age memory adaptation to modern-day cyber security issues. Participants were recruited from a university introductory psychology subject pool and participated in a two-part study in exchange for course credit. They were given instructions on how to use the PAO method and randomly assigned to one of two password generation conditions (i.e., vacation or survival). Depending on the context, participants were to imagine their selected person acting upon an item to ensure a successful vacation or their survival in a foreign land. The participants entered the passwords they generated into a simulated shopping website. Participants recalled their passwords after 2-min and 7-day delays. The present study found support for the PAO strategy, but did not find any systematic differences between the survival and vacation encoding conditions aimed at investigating a survival advantage beyond using the PAO strategy. In general, recall accuracy rates were very high across conditions. All participants either remembered their passwords without any mistakes or recalled almost the entirety of their passwords with relatively minor mistakes. The plausibility of implementing the PAO strategy in everyday life is further supported by subjective reports obtained on ease of recall and accuracy ratings. The manner in which participants misremembered their passwords was also systematic (e.g., mistaking the tense of the word “cook”), suggesting that additional training may be effective. Beyond the support obtained for the use of PAO strategies, there were no differences found between the control (vacation) and survival conditions. Given the robust nature of the survival processing advantage in the literature, however, it seems unlikely that it would not apply in the cybersecurity domain. Instead, the PAO strategy itself may have been sufficiently effective to produce ceiling effects that did not allow for the detection of any advantage for the survival processing condition.

Abstract In 2022, Richard Serra installed a massive forged steel column that stood centered and alone in the gallery and whose surface was gouged in a way that resembled bite marks or scars. The gallerist David Zwirner conveyed that the artist had said that this sculpture was his last. Hal Foster's volume of long form interviews with Serra, Conversations about Sculpture (Yale, 2018) serves as a key source as the author explores: What does it mean to bring a career to a close? And what is the relationship between sculpture and death? The essay defines the features of Serra's late style, which played out in a series of forged sculptures ranging from Grief and Reason (for Walter) (2013) to the artist's last work, 2022. These works encompass as set of mnemonic gestures—invocations of the past—that include homages to people of formative intellectual or personal significance; reference to or reengagement with works, propositions, or modes of making from earlier in the artist's career; and the primordial forms and functions of sculpture itself. And in both their literal and affective weight, they invite thoughts of mortality.

The article examines the effectiveness of interdisciplinary integration in the training of future physical education teachers. The purpose of the article is to test the effectiveness of interdisciplinary integration in the training of future teachers of physical education. Research methodology includes: empirical methods: observations, questionnaires, pedagogical experiment is for checking the effectiveness of interdisciplinary integration in the training of future teachers of physical education; methods of mathematical statistics are for processing the results of experimental work. Analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of interdisciplinary integration in the training of future teachers of physical education is based on a certain system of standards: pedagogical orientation, independence and professional maturity, which we used to diagnose their development by those activities that included students of the experimental group. After analyzing the data, it was found that students of the control and experimental groups have significant differences on such scales as: awareness, decision-making, planning and communication; as well as a positive trend on the scales: mnemonic, volitional and mental. According to the study, it can be said that future physical education teachers of the experimental group are more knowledgeable and confident in choosing their profession, they more rationally and adequately assess the situation and plan their future more thoughtfully than students in the control group.