Academic literature on the topic 'Smoking-related disease'

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Journal articles on the topic "Smoking-related disease"

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Elicker, Brett M., Kimberly G. Kallianos, Kirk D. Jones, and Travis S. Henry. "Smoking-Related Lung Disease." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 40, no. 3 (2019): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2018.11.010.

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Galvin, Jeffrey R., and Teri J. Franks. "Smoking-related Lung Disease." Journal of Thoracic Imaging 24, no. 4 (2009): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rti.0b013e3181c1abb7.

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Franks, Teri J., and Jeffrey R. Galvin. "Smoking-Related “Interstitial” Lung Disease." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 139, no. 8 (2014): 974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0384-ra.

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Context Emphysema, respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, small-airway injury including submucosal and adventitial fibrosis, increased bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, and small artery/arteriolar wall thickening are recognized histologic findings in cigarette smokers. It has only recently been acknowledged that the range of lung injury from cigarette smoke is wider than generally accepted, in particular, there is increasing recognition that fibrosis of alveolar walls occurs in smokers. Objectives To review the literature th
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Bailey, Joseph I., and Ravi Kalhan. "Intercepting Smoking-Related Respiratory Disease." Chest 161, no. 4 (2022): 867–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.12.637.

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Chakrabarti, Anob M., Joe Jacobs, Philip L. Molyneaux, Anand Devaraj, and Felix Chua. "Smoking-related Interstitial Lung Disease." Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 23, no. 4 (2016): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cpm.0000000000000150.

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Rao, R. Nagarjun, Lawrence R. Goodman, and Joseph F. Tomashefski. "Smoking-related interstitial lung disease." Annals of Diagnostic Pathology 12, no. 6 (2008): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2008.10.001.

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Serrano Gotarredona, M. P., S. Navarro Herrero, L. Gómez Izquierdo, and J. A. Rodríguez Portal. "Smoking-related interstitial lung disease." Radiología (English Edition) 64 (December 2022): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.10.008.

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Hudali, Tamer, Ravi Paul Singh Virdi, and Joseph Barney. "SMOKING-RELATED CYSTIC PULMONARY DISEASE." Chest 158, no. 4 (2020): A1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.1012.

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Walsh, Simon L. F., Arjun Nair, and Sujal R. Desai. "Interstitial lung disease related to smoking." Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 21, no. 4 (2015): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcp.0000000000000178.

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BOYLAN, KATE, and MICHAEL FORTE. "SMOKING-RELATED DIFFUSE CYSTIC LUNG DISEASE." CHEST 166, no. 4 (2024): A3411—A3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.06.2033.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Smoking-related disease"

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Parzych, Katarzyna. "The role of innate immune system receptors in smoking related disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/14371.

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Cigarette smoke induces inflammation, in part, by activation of Toll like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4. TLRs are present on most cells and recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and non-pathogenic molecules, known as danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Activation of TLRs results in the propagation of a signalling pathway leading to the de novo synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators that include CXCL8 and IL-1β. TLRs initiate inflammation and are involved in tissue repair processes in a number of diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer.
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Wong, Chun-yam Fanny. "Is secondhand smoking related to stroke in old age in Hong Kong?" View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38479539.

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Doolan, Daniel M. "Age related differences in smoking cessation outcomes for women hospitalized with cardiovascular disease." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3261241.

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Campbell, Joshua David. "Genome-wide characterization of microRNA and gene expression patterns in smoking-related lung disease." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12307.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>Smoking-related lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are significant public health concerns world-wide. High throughput genomic technologies have opened up a new re
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Wong, Chun-yam Fanny, and 黃峻崟. "Is secondhand smoking related to stroke in old age in Hong Kong?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724633.

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Emslie, Karen. "Periodontal disease and oral health-related quality of life : smoking cessation adventures in primary dental care." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/073d9a66-18e8-49ea-b048-71c3298e02cc.

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Much of the workload of primary dental care teams in remote-rural Scotland consists of treating periodontal disease, an inflammatory condition for which smoking is a proven risk factor. This thesis sought to ascertain the effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention applied in a primary care dental setting and employed a narrative literature review to explore periodontal disease, smoking and smoking cessation interventions. This literature review informed the design of a randomised controlled trial which failed due to lack of recruitment. The Medical Research Council Framework for the Dev
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Crowther, Ann Jeannette Louise. "Glutathione, the redox sensitive transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB, and early one adenoviral protein in human lung in smoking related lung disease". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27843.

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NF-κB and AP-1 are both redox sensitive transcription factors, and are involved in the regulation of the gene transcription of many pro-inflammatory mediators.  AP-1 and NF-κB have a close relationship with γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, with the γ-GCS gene containing various elements including an AP-1 binding site. Susceptibility to the effects of cigarette smoke is likely to explain why certain individuals develop COP and this susceptibility may arise from an earlier viral infection such as adenoviral infection that lies dorma
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Theakstone, Kirkham Andrew Jonathan. "Smoking and the use of lower tar yield cigarettes." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844124/.

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The aim of this thesis was to investigate smoking behaviour in a population of habitual cigarette smokers. Measurements were made 5 times, at intervals of 4 weeks whilst smoking cigarettes with tar yields above 10 mg. After switching to lower yield cigarettes (reductions of at least 3 mg tar and 0.2 mg nicotine) a further 6 visits were made at intervals of 6 weeks. A group of subjects followed the same protocol but without switching. Tobacco smoke uptake was estimated by measuring pre and post-smoking plasma nicotine, cotinine, carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) and expired carbon monoxide (infinity).
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Mahmood, MQ. "Studies on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in 'smoking related' airway disease." Thesis, 2017. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23879/1/Mahmood_whole_thesis.pdf.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem, killing approximately 3 million people annually and emerging as the third largest cause of human mortality worldwide. COPD is a poorly reversible chronic, slowly progressive airway obstructive respiratory disease. It is mainly smoking-related and primarily constitutes small airway fibrosis and destruction, more generalized “chronic bronchitis” and in some but not all later development of emphysema. Tobacco smoking is the main causative factor for development of COPD, both in developed and developing countries.
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Tsuei, Ho, and 崔禾. "Exploring the smoking cessation behavior and it’s related factors among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37328707053707798656.

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碩士<br>國立臺北護理學院<br>護理研究所<br>99<br>The aim of the study was to explore the smoking cessation behavior and it’s related factors of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A convenient sample of 100 adults diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was recruited from the pulmonary clinics in Northern Taiwan. After signing an inform consent, participants answered the questionnaire which included the smoking cessation stage, smoking cessation health belief, smoking cessation self-efficacy and Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Data were collected from February to October i
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Books on the topic "Smoking-related disease"

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J, Wald Nicholas, Baron John, and Great Britain. Dept. of Health., eds. Smoking and hormone-related disorders. Oxford University Press, 1990.

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R, Shopland Donald, Burns David M, Garfinkel Lawrence, Samet Jonathan M, and National Cancer Institute (U.S.). Smoking and Tobacco Control Program., eds. Changes in cigarette-related disease risks and their implication for prevention and control. National Institutes of Health , National Cancer Institute, 1997.

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R, Shopland Donald, Burns David M, and National Cancer Institute (U.S.). Smoking and Tobacco Control Program., eds. Changes in cigarette-related disease risks and their implication for prevention and control. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 1997.

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Luigi, Aloe, and Calzà Laura, eds. NGF and related molecules in health and disease. Elsevier, 2004.

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National Library of Medicine (U.S.), ed. To your health: An exhibition of posters for contemporary public health issues. U.S. DHHS, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1990.

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M, Brandt Allan, and Rozin Paul 1936-, eds. Morality and health. Routledge, 1997.

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M, Brandt Allan, and Rozin Paul 1936-, eds. Morality and health. Routledge, 1997.

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Keshav, Satish, and Alexandra Kent. Prevention of gastrointestinal disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0346.

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Disease prevention is usually directed where there is considerable morbidity or mortality, and etiological factors that can be controlled, treated, or reduced. The greatest morbidity and mortality from gastrointestinal disease is related to infectious diarrhoea and gastrointestinal cancer, both of which can be prevented. Smoking has been closely associated with oesophageal, gastric, and liver cancer and also has a significant effect in inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis are preventable causes of liver disease, liver failure, and hepatic cancer. Thi
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Lewis, Keir. Smoking. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0338.

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The UK government, in its White Paper in 1998, declared that ‘smoking is the greatest single cause of preventable illness and premature death in the UK’. Cigarette smoke is inhaled because it contains nicotine, which is highly addictive. Nicotine itself has some adverse physiological effects but it is mainly the 4000+ chemicals (including acetone, arsenic, paint stripper, pesticides, and over 60 known carcinogens), added to make the cigarette such an extremely potent nicotine delivery device, that cause so much damage.A smoker dies on average 8–10 years before a non-smoker does. The commonest
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Sokka, Tuulikki, Kari Puolakka, and Carl Turesson. Comorbidities of rheumatic disease. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0032.

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All other diseases that coexist with a disease of interest are called comorbidities. Comorbidities in inflammatory rheumatic diseases may be associated with persistent inflammatory activity or disease-related organ damage, or may be related to medications. Lifestyle choices such as smoking or physical inactivity contribute to comorbidity. Patients with rheumatic diseases meet health professionals regularly and are more often tested for osteoporosis or cholesterol levels than individuals without rheumatic disease, which may contribute to a higher prevalence of some comorbidities. Comorbidities
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Book chapters on the topic "Smoking-related disease"

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Popper, Helmut. "Smoking-Related Lung Diseases." In Pathology of Lung Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50491-8_7.

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Churg, Andrew, and Nestor L. Müller. "Respiratory Bronchiolitis with Interstitial Lung Disease (RBILD), Smoking-Related Interstitial Fibrosis (SRIF), and Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (DIP)." In Atlas of Interstitial Lung Disease Pathology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85967-0_8.

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Popper, Helmut, and Bruno Murer. "Smoking-Related Diseases." In Essentials of Diagnostic Pathology. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22664-0_22.

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Aytulun, Sultan, and Musemma Alagoz Karabel. "Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Children." In Pediatric Chest Infection. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359463.13.

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Family history and genetic factors play a significant role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mutations in genes related to surfactant production and telomere maintenance have been implicated. Environmental and occupational exposures to dust, metal, wood, and certain farming chemicals may increase the risk. Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor. Comorbid conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic viral infections, and other comorbidities may be associated with an increased risk of developing idiopathic pulmoary fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisis asso
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Huang, Shao Hui, Revadhi Chelvarajah, Lessandra Y. S. Chee, Ezra Hahn, and Brian O’Sullivan. "The Evolving Landscape of Prognostic Factors in HPV-Related Oropharynx Cancer." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-84539-0_15.

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Abstract Risk-tailored approaches are the backbone of contemporary clinical research and treatment in oncology. Attention to risk-stratification model development, especially concerning the choice and emphasis of prognostic factors to include in a model, is essential to understanding prognosis and implementing strategies to advance treatment, e.g. selecting patients for differing treatments or strategies for exploration in clinical trials, including defining eligibility for trials and determining useful stratifications in the design of randomised controlled trials. Prognostic factors can be cl
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La Torre, Giuseppe, Leda Semyonov, and Guglielmo Giraldi. "Smoking-Related Diseases Epidemiology." In Smoking Prevention and Cessation. Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7046-5_3.

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Cosio, Manuel G., and Helmut H. Popper. "Smoking-Related Lung Diseases." In Molecular Pathology Library. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72430-0_49.

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Rafii, Saeed, Batool Aboud, and Humaid O. Al-Shamsi. "Lung Cancer in the UAE." In Cancer Care in the United Arab Emirates. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6794-0_33.

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AbstractLung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. It is expected that the incidence of lung cancer will significantly increase in the next decade. Given the recognized risk factors for lung cancer, such as smoking and air pollution, preventative measures can have a remarkable impact on reducing the incidence of lung cancer in the UAE. Additionally, earlier detection of lung cancer can lead to reduced mortality from this disease. In this chapter, we review the current incidence of lung cancer in the UAE compared with the region and the rest of the world,
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Vancheri, Carlo, and Silvia Puglisi. "Langerhans Cell Granulomatosis and Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Diseases." In Orphan Lung Diseases. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12950-6_18.

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Vancheri, Carlo, and Silvia Puglisi. "Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Diseases." In Orphan Lung Diseases. Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2401-6_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Smoking-related disease"

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Riley, L., K. Fredenburg, M. Brantly, and A. Ataya. "Smoking-Related Diffuse Cystic Lung Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6341.

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Safdar, Mohammad, justin L. Mitchell, and Betty Joyce. "Smoking Related Lung Disease In A Non-Smoker." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5663.

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Cemlyn-Jones, Jessica M., Sara Freitas, Tiago Alfaro, and Carlos Robalo Cordeiro. "Tobacco Impact In Non Smoking-related Interstitial Lung Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a2989.

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Ragland, M. F., K. Young, G. L. Kinney, B. J. Make, and J. E. Hokanson. "Cardiovascular Disease in Cigarette Smokers Without Evidence of Smoking-Related Lung Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6709.

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Young, K. A., M. H. Cho, S. M. Lutz, et al. "A Polygenic Risk Score for Smoking Is Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Related Phenotypes Independent of Smoking Exposure." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a5030.

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O'Beirne, S., J. Salit, R. J. Kaner, et al. "Small Airway Epithelial Responses Associated with Enhanced Female Susceptibility to Smoking-Related Lung Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a7096.

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Cao, Jiaofei, Zhi-Hua Chen, Ling Lin, Zhijian Gao, Yuanyuan Shi, and Danielle Morse. "Role Of Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha In Cigarette Smoking Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a4181.

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Kosmas, EN, SV Dumitru, M. Harikiopoulou, et al. "Smoking-Related Prognostic Factors and Adherence to Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a2375.

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Alsulami, Haneen Hamed. "INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE NKX3.1 AND TMPRSS2 GENES ASSOCIATED WITH MALE FERTILITY." In Dubai International Conference on Research in Life-Science & Healthcare, 22-23 February 2024. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icrlsh.2024.3041.

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Cigarette's smoking has a wide negative impact on human health, and it's have been related to many serious issues like cancer, heart disease, respiratory system, and number of health problems. Also, smoking can affect fertility in men by affecting the sperm on several levels. Our research will investigate the genetic risk factors in male by focusing on NKX3.1 and TMPRSS2 genes related to male fertility and investigate the correlation between the gene’s polymorphisms of three groups (smokers, non-smokers, and infertile men). The NKX3.1 or NK3 homeobox 1 located on chromosome 8 is the first know
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Zhyvylo, I., J. V. Pugashetti, S. W. Hsu, et al. "Transcriptomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Dissect Smoking-related Molecular Abnormalities in Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) Associated Pulmonary Hypertension." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a3727.

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Reports on the topic "Smoking-related disease"

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Torrungruang, Kitti, Soranun Chantarangsu, and Thanyachai Sura. Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis in Thais. Chulalongkorn University, 2015. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2015.18.

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Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been implicated in the susceptibility to infections and bone-related diseases. However, their relationship with periodontal disease remains unclear. This cross-sectional study investigated whether the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in a Thai population is associated with VDR polymorphisms. Genomic DNA was obtained from 1,460 subjects, aged 39-65 years. Genotyping of VDR polymorphisms (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Subjects were categorized into three groups; no/mild, moderate
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, et al. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asy
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Ama Pokuaa, Fenny, Aba Obrumah Crentsil, Christian Kwaku Osei, and Felix Ankomah Asante. Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.003.

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This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific
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CT Lung Densitometry, Consensus QIBA Profile. Chair Charles Hatt and Miranda Kirby. • The Publisher is Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)/Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA), 2020. https://doi.org/10.1148/qiba/20200904.

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The goal of a QIBA Profile is to achieve a repeatable and useful level of performance for measures of lung density from quantitative CT using the RA-950 HU and Perc15 biomarkers of emphysema. Please see Appendix C for more detailed information on the calculation of and rationale for RA-950 HU and Perc15 as the biomarkers of choice. The Claim (Section 2) describes the performance in terms of bias and precision of RA-950 HU and Perc15 for detecting change in lung density. The Activities (Section 3) describe how to generate RA-950 HU and Perc15 for longitudinal studies of the change in lung densi
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