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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar cells, Thin film, Tin sulfide, SnS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Nair, P. K., A. R. Garcia-Angelmo, and M. T. S. Nair. "Cubic and orthorhombic SnS thin-film absorbers for tin sulfide solar cells." physica status solidi (a) 213, no. 1 (2015): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201532426.

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2

Mukherjee, A., and P. Mitra. "Structural and optical characteristics of SnS thin film prepared by SILAR." Materials Science-Poland 33, no. 4 (2015): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2015-0118.

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AbstractSnS thin films were grown on glass substrates by a simple route named successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The films were prepared using tin chloride as tin (Sn) source and ammonium sulfide as sulphur (S) source. The structural, optical and morphological study was done using XRD, FESEM, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. XRD measurement confirmed the presence of orthorhombic phase. Particle size estimated from XRD was about 45 nm which fitted well with the FESEM measurement. The value of band gap was about 1.63 eV indicating that SnS can be used as an important

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3

Sajadnia, Mohsen, Sajjad Dehghani, Zahra Noraeepoor, and Mohammad Hossein Sheikhi. "Highly improvement in efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 4 (2020): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-02-2020-0068.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to design and optimize copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells. Design/methodology/approach A novel bi-layer CIGS thin film solar cell based on SnS is designed. To improve the performance of the CIGS based thin film solar cell a tin sulfide (SnS) layer is added to the structure, as back surface field and second absorbing layer. Defect recombination centers have a significant effect on the performance of CIGS solar cells by changing recombination rate and charge density. Therefore, performance of the proposed structure is investigated in

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4

Hegde, S. S., and K. Ramesh. "Advances in low-cost and nontoxic materials based solar cell devices." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012043.

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Abstract Photovoltaics (PV) have become increasingly popular and reached as the third-largest renewable energy source. Thin-film solar cells made from earth-abundant, inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials are needed to replace the current PV technologies whose large-scale applications are limited by material and/or resource constraints. Near optimum direct optical bandgap of 1.3 eV, high absorption coefficient (>104 cm−1), less toxic, and abundant raw resources along with considerable scalability have made tin sulfide (SnS) as a strategic choice for next-generation PVs. In this

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5

Patel, T. H. "Effect of Temperature on Structural and Optical Properties of Chemically Deposited Tin Sulfide Thin Films Suitable for Photovoltaic Structures." Advanced Materials Research 665 (February 2013): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.665.93.

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SnS (tin sulphide) is of interest for use as an absorber layer and the wider energy band gap phases e.g. SnS2, Sn2S3and Sn/S/O alloys of interest as Cd-free buffer layers for use in thin film solar cells. Thin films of tin sulphide have been deposited using CBD at three different bath temperatures (27, 35 and 45 °C) onto microscope glass substrates. The X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the deposited films reveled that all films has orthorhombic SnS phase as dominant one with preferred orientations along (111) direction. The temperature influence on the crystalline nature and the presence of

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6

Khalkar, Arun, Kwang-Soo Lim, Seong-Man Yu, Dong-Wook Shin, Tae-Sik Oh, and Ji-Beom Yoo. "Effects of Sulfurization Pressure on the Conversion Efficiency of Cosputtered Cu2ZnSnS4Thin Film Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/750846.

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We report herein Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) thin film solar cells with 6.75% conversion efficiency, without an antireflection coating. The CZTS precursors have been prepared by cosputtering using three different targets on Mo-coated substrates: copper (Cu), tin sulfide (SnS), and zinc (Zn). The postsulfurization was carried out at different pressures in a H2S/N2environment at 550°C for one hour. A comparative study on the performances of solar cells with CZTS absorber layers prepared at different sulfurization pressures was carried out. The device efficiency of 1.67% using CZTS absorber and low pressure

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7

Ballipinar, Faruk, and Alok C. Rastogi. "Single-step organic vapor phase sulfurization synthesis of p-SnS photo-absorber for graded band-gap thin film heterojunction solar cells with n-ZnO1-x Sx." MRS Advances 1, no. 41 (2016): 2801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.325.

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ABSTRACTTin sulfide has emerged as a promising solar absorber among the IV-VI binary compound which is earth-abundant and non-toxic. This research provides a new perspective on synthesis of photosensitive monophasic SnS films by organic chemical vapor sulfurization of Sn thin film. S-radicals formed by closed space pyrolysis of di-tert-butyl disulfide (TBDS) diffusively react with Sn to produce SnS film. SnS being an amphoteric semiconductor converts to n-type by trivalent Sb and Bi dopants. The organic vapor sulfurization method described in this research facilitates single-step synthesis of

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8

Ballipinar, Faruk, and A. C. Rastogi. "Tin sulfide (SnS) semiconductor photo-absorber thin films for solar cells by vapor phase sulfurization of Sn metallic layers using organic sulfur source." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 728 (December 2017): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.295.

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9

Ballipinar, Faruk. "Tin sulfide (SnS) thin-film solar cells deposited by organic chemical vapor sulfurization based on CdS and high transmittance Cd(S,O) n-type layers with the superstrate device structure." MRS Communications 10, no. 4 (2020): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2020.78.

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10

Reddy, N. Koteeswara, M. Devika, K. R. Gunasekhar, and E. S. R. Gopal. "Fabrication of Photovoltaic Devices Using ZnO Nanostructures and SnS Thin Films." Nano 11, no. 07 (2016): 1650077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292016500776.

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The development of nontoxic and cost-effective solar cell devices is one of the challenging tasks even now. With this objective, solar cell devices using tin mono sulfide (SnS) thin films and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures with a superstrate configuration of ITO/ZnO film/ZnO nanorods/SnS film/Zn have been fabricated and their photovoltaic properties have been investigated. Vertically aligned ZnO nanostructures were grown on indium doped tin oxide substrate by chemical solution method and then, SnS thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation method. A typical solar cell device exhibited s

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11

Omprakash Anand, C. N., P. Thirunavukkarasu, A. Balamurugan, and S. Surendhiran. "Study on preparation and characterisation of pure and lithium incorporated SnS thin films for solar cell applications." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 9 (2022): 651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.199.651.

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A ternary transition metal sulfide was synthesized and characterized by the sonochemical approach in this study, namely a Li (Li) and tin sulfide (SnS) thin film incorporating lithium (Li). Lithium incorporated SnS thin films (Li-SnS) were synthesized by equal molar ratios used in the synthesis approach. In these prepared thin films, the crystallite size averaged 5 nm and the thin films were of good crystalline nature. Nanoparticles in the thin film samples have a uniform sphere shape, with clusters forming in a few places, as seen by FE-SEM images. The presence of Li, Sn and S was confirmed t

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12

Patel, Malkeshkumar, Arvind Chavda, Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Joondong Kim, and Abhijit Ray. "Nanostructured SnS with inherent anisotropic optical properties for high photoactivity." Nanoscale 8, no. 4 (2016): 2293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr06731f.

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Tin(ii) sulfide is a fascinating solar energy material due to its anisotropic material properties. In this manuscript, we report on exploiting the 2D structure modulated optical properties of nanocrystalline SnS thin film synthesis by chemical spray pyrolysis using ambient transport in the harvesting of solar energy.

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Ocampo-Ortega, Carlos, Ines Riech, Arturo Abelenda, Ricardo Mis-Fernández, Patricia Rodríguez-Fragoso, and Julio Mendoza-Alvarez. "Chemical Bath Deposited Orthorhombic SnS Films for Solar Cell Applications." Coatings 12, no. 2 (2022): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020283.

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Tin sulfide (SnS) thin films were deposited by the chemical bath deposition technique. The used procedure allows us to obtain orthorhombic SnS in 3.5 h and achieve thicknesses of 390 nm. We study the influence of deposition times, percentage of Sn precursor, and post-annealing on the structural and optical properties. The X-ray diffraction measurements of SnS films prepared at a deposition time of 3 h showed orthorhombic structure with characteristic peaks of SnS2. However, increasing the deposition time and the Sn precursor, the orthorhombic SnS phase in these samples becomes predominant. Thi

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14

Lee, Dajeong, Jae Yu Cho, Hee-Sun Yun, et al. "Vapor transport deposited tin monosulfide for thin-film solar cells: effect of deposition temperature and duration." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 12 (2019): 7186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta09820d.

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15

Shin, Donghyeok, SangWoon Lee, Dong Ryeol Kim, et al. "Effect of RF Power on the Properties of Sputtered-CuS Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications." Energies 13, no. 3 (2020): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030688.

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Copper sulfide (CuS) thin films were deposited on a glass substrate at room temperature using the radio-frequency (RF) magnetron-sputtering method at RF powers in the range of 40–100 W, and the structural and optical properties of the CuS thin film were investigated. The CuS thin films fabricated at varying deposition powers all exhibited hexagonal crystalline structures and preferred growth orientation of the (110) plane. Raman spectra revealed a primary sharp and intense peak at the 474 cm−1 frequency, and a relatively wide peak was found at 265 cm−1 frequency. In the CuS thin film deposited

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16

Steinmann, Vera, Riley E. Brandt, Rupak Chakraborty, et al. "The impact of sodium contamination in tin sulfide thin-film solar cells." APL Materials 4, no. 2 (2016): 026103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4941713.

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17

Vermang, Bart, Aniket Mule, Nikhil Gampa, et al. "Progress in Cleaning and Wet Processing for Kesterite Thin Film Solar Cells." Solid State Phenomena 255 (September 2016): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.255.348.

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Copper indium gallium selenide/sulfide (CIGS) and copper zinc tin selenide/sulfide (CZTS) are two thin film photovoltaic materials with many similar properties. Therefore, three new processing steps – which are well-known to be beneficial for CIGS solar cell processing – are developed, optimized and implemented in CZTS solar cells. For all these novel processing steps an increase in minority carrier lifetime and cell conversion efficiency is measured, as compared to standard CZTS processing. The scientific explanation of these effects is very similar to its CIGS equivalent: the incorporation o

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18

Norton, Kane J., Firoz Alam, and David J. Lewis. "A Review of the Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Bulk and Two-Dimensional Tin (II) Sulfide (SnS)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (2021): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052062.

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Tin(II) sulfide (SnS) is an attractive semiconductor for solar energy conversion in thin film devices due to its bandgap of around 1.3 eV in its orthorhombic polymorph, and a band gap energy of 1.5–1.7 eV for the cubic polymorph—both of which are commensurate with efficient light harvesting, combined with a high absorption coefficient (10−4 cm−1) across the NIR–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, leading to theoretical power conversion efficiencies >30%. The high natural abundance and a relative lack of toxicity of its constituent elements means that such devices could potential

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19

Chernomordik, B. D., A. E. Béland, N. D. Trejo, et al. "Rapid facile synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 27 (2014): 10389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta01658k.

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A method for rapid synthesis of 2–40 nm diameter nanocrystal dispersions of the emerging sustainable thin-film solar absorber copper zinc tin sulfide is reported: the average crystals size is controlled by varying the synthesis temperature between 150 °C and 340 °C. Films cast from larger nanocrystals, are crack-free and suitable for making thin film solar cells.

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20

Ghorpade, Uma V., Mahesh P. Suryawanshi, Seung Wook Shin, et al. "Wurtzite CZTS nanocrystals and phase evolution to kesterite thin film for solar energy harvesting." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 30 (2015): 19777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp02007g.

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A quaternary indium- and gallium-free kesterite (KS)-based compound, copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub>, CZTS), has received significant attention for its potential applications in low cost and sustainable solar cells.

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21

Islam, Md Fakhrul, Nadhrah Md Yatim, and Mohd Azman Hashim@Ismail. "A Review of CZTS Thin Film Solar Cell Technology." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 81, no. 1 (2021): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.81.1.7387.

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Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS) solar cells have recently attracted attention as a potential low-cost earth abundant replacement for CIGS cells. This is due to their constituent’s Zn and Sn are non-toxic and earth-abundant compare to the elements of In and Ga in CIGS. Thus, aiming to analyse solar cells free from the environmental contaminant, CZTS is viewed as a potential candidate as the absorber for the next generation thin film solar cells. However, the conversion efficiency of CZTS based solar cells reported which is relatively low (highest conversion efficiency recorded is 12.5%) from the

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22

Asif, Omar, and Alok C. Rastogi. "Tin Disulfide-Oxide (SnS2-xOx) as n-type Heterojunction Layer Processed by Chemical Bath Technique for Cd Free Fabrication of Compound Semiconductor Thin Film Solar Cells." MRS Advances 3, no. 56 (2018): 3301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.523.

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ABSTRACTThe chemical bath deposition of wide bandgap n-type SnS2 films and role of sulphur precursor in suppression of p-type SnS phase is described. The as-deposited films are highly polycrystalline in hexagonal crystal structure. Inclusion of oxygen in the film phase is shown by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman scattering methods which suggests the CBD films are better described as tin disulfide-oxide (SnS2-xOx) x=0.1. A possible mechanism of film formation is presented. Optical analysis showed energy bandgap 2.76 eV for SnS2-xOx film which decreases to 2.62 eV with the i

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23

Dai, Pengcheng, Guan Zhang, Yuncheng Chen, et al. "Porous copper zinc tin sulfide thin film as photocathode for double junction photoelectrochemical solar cells." Chemical Communications 48, no. 24 (2012): 3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc17652a.

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Wang, Chonge, Boubacar Drame, Lucien Niare, and Fu Yuegang. "Optimization of the Shell Thickness of the ZnO/CdS Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays in a CZTS Absorber." International Journal of Optics 2022 (January 20, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5301790.

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Copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) solar cells have now become a topic of interest in the solar power generation industry. These are used as an absorber in the zinc oxide (ZnO)/cadmium sulfide (CdS) core-shell nanowire arrays, in order to improve the performance of solar cells. The relationship between the average increase in absorption rates and CdS shell thickness (compared to the thin film) reveals that the optimum thickness with the maximum average absorption rate (39.95%) compared to thin film is 30 nm. The cells’ electrical and optical performance was significantly improved with the introduc

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Khoshsirat, Nima, Fawad Ali, Vincent Tiing Tiong, et al. "Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (October 18, 2018): 2700–2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.252.

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Molybdenum (Mo) is the most commonly used material as back contact in thin-film solar cells. Adhesion of Mo film to soda–lime glass (SLG) substrate is crucial to the performance of solar cells. In this study, an optimized bilayer structure made of a thin layer of Mo on an ultra-thin chromium (Cr) adhesion layer is used as the back contact for a copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) thin-film solar cell on a SLG substrate. DC magnetron sputtering is used for deposition of Mo and Cr films. The conductivity of Mo/Cr bilayer films, their microstructure and surface morphology are studied at different depo

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J.Hamood, Farah, Qunoot M.hadi, Khalid Haneen Abass, and Musaab Khudhur Mohammed. "Influence of annealing temperature on structural and optical properties of SnS:Ag thin film for solar cell application." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (2018): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.23791.

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Thermal evaporation method have been used to prepared thin films from tin sulfide (SnS) doping with 20 nm particle size of silver (Ag) at room temperature, under pressure up to 1 × 10-7 mbar with rate of statement 0.5 nm. sec-1. The SnS:Ag thin films deposited on glass substrate at different annealing temperature (as-deposited, 423, 473, 573 and 623 K) for 2 hours. The effect of annealing treatment on the structural and optical properties has been studied. From X- ray diffraction (XRD) examination, predominant peak (111) appears at annealing temperature 623 K, also the others as (101) and (002

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27

ALI, M. Y., M. A. ABEDIN, M. S. HOSSAIN, and E. S. HOSSAIN. "OPTIMIZATION OF MONOCLINIC Cu2SnS3 (CTS) THIN FILM SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCES THROUGH NUMERICAL ANALYSIS." Chalcogenide Letters 17, no. 2 (2020): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2020.172.85.

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Investigation on the performance of monoclinic phase copper tin sulfide (CTS) based thin film solar cells has been carried out numerically by AMPS-1D simulation software. Based on proposed cell structure, the influence of carrier concentration and thickness of both absorber and buffer layers as well as the work function of back contact metal are studied to enhance the output performance of monoclinic phase CTS thin film solar cell. The effect of operating temperature is also tested for CTS solar cell to ensure the sustainability at outdoor installation. After optimizing the thickness and carri

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Hwang, Ki-Hwan, Hyeon Jin Seo, Sang-Hun Nam, and Jin-Hyo Boo. "The Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on PEDOT:PSS and Its Application to Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (2015): 7652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11186.

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Recently, the use of PEDOT:PSS in flexible device electrodes has been reported. PEDOT:PSS treatment consists of a step in which a small amount of surfactant is added to enhance the adhesion between PEDOT:PSS and the substrate or TCO materials. However, basic research into the effect of the surfactant is lacking. We studied the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at controlled concentrations in aqueous PEDOT:PSS solution and that it enhanced the conductivity in the mixed thin films with surfactant and PEDOT:PSS. The thin films were prepared by the spin coating method. To study the structura

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29

Rodríguez-Guadarrama, L. A., I. L. Alonso-Lemus, J. Campos-Álvarez, and J. Escorcia-García. "Novel SnSb2S4 Thin Films Obtained by Chemical Bath Deposition using Tartaric Acid as Complexing Agent for Their Application as Absorber in Solar Cells." MRS Advances 4, no. 37 (2019): 2035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.307.

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ABSTRACTTernary Sn-Sb-S thin films with remarkable optical, electrical and structural properties were developed by chemical bath deposition. Tin and antimony chlorides and thioacetamide were used as tin, antimony, and sulfur ion sources, respectively, while tartaric acid was used as a complexing agent. XRD analysis of as-deposited films showed a combination of binary phases of SnS, Sn2S3, and Sb2S3, while after thermal treatment in nitrogen at 400 °C, the films became crystalline showing well-defined reflections of the ternary SnSb2S4. The heating also influenced the morphology, compactness, a

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30

Amiri, Samaneh, and Sajjad Dehghani. "Design and Simulation of Single-Junction and Multi-junction Thin-Film Solar Cells Based on Copper Tin Sulfide." Journal of Electronic Materials 49, no. 10 (2020): 5895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08382-6.

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31

Paraye, Akanksha, Manivannan Ramachandran, and Noyel Victoria Selvam. "Facile Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Chalcogenide Nanoparticles for Thin Film Solar Cell Applications." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 1 (2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.14923.

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Single-step ultrasound-assisted synthesis of Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide nanoparticles (CZTS) has been studied at two different frequencies. While the effects of frequency on the particle size of the CZTS nanoparticles were insignificant, a noticeable change was observed in composition. As-obtained particles presented the amorphous nature and spherical morphology with a high degree of agglomeration. Annealing of the synthesized CZTS nanoparticles increased the crystallinity while the sulfur content decreased considerably. The poly-dispersity and agglomeration of the nanoparticles increased upon an

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Madiraju, Alekhya Venkata, Kshitij Taneja, Manoj Kumar, Anup Kumar Keshri, Sarang Balkrushna Mahajan, and Raghunandan Seelaboyina. "Synthesis of CZTS in Aqueous Media Using Microwave Irradiation." Conference Papers in Energy 2013 (May 23, 2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/962730.

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Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulfide (CZTS), a promising material for absorber layer application in thin film solar cells, has been synthesized in aqueous media by microwave irradiation technique. Compared to conventional synthesis methods, microwave irradiation is highly efficient, reliable, and less time consuming. The synthesized nanopowders were characterized for particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS), phase by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and band-gap by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Various atmospheric processing methods are being evaluated for the deposition of absorber layers from CZTS nanopowder b

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Ghosh, Sampad, Samira Yasmin, Jannatul Ferdous, and Bidyut Baran Saha. "Numerical Analysis of a CZTS Solar Cell with MoS2 as a Buffer Layer and Graphene as a Transparent Conducting Oxide Layer for Enhanced Cell Performance." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (2022): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081249.

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Copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) can be considered an important absorber layer material for utilization in thin film solar cell devices because of its non-toxic, earth abundance, and cost-effective properties. In this study, the effect of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a buffer layer on the different parameters of CZTS-based solar cell devices was explored to design a highly efficient solar cell. While graphene is considered a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer for the superior quantum efficiency of CZTS thin film solar cells, MoS2 acts as a hole transport layer to offer electron–hole pair

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Zyoud, Samer H., Ahed H. Zyoud, Naser M. Ahmed, et al. "Numerical Modeling of High Conversion Efficiency FTO/ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MO Thin Film-Based Solar Cells: Using SCAPS-1D Software." Crystals 11, no. 12 (2021): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121468.

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The numerical modeling of a copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS)-based kesterite solar cell is described in detail in this article. To model FTO/ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MO structured solar cells, the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator-one-dimension (SCAPS-1D) program was utilized. Numerical modeling was used to estimate and assess the parameters of various photovoltaic thin film solar cells. The impact of different parameters on solar cell performance and conversion efficiency were explored. Because the response of a solar cell is partly determined by its internal physical mechanism, J-V characteristic character

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35

Mitzi, David B., Oki Gunawan, Teodor K. Todorov, and D. Aaron R. Barkhouse. "Prospects and performance limitations for Cu–Zn–Sn–S–Se photovoltaic technology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1996 (2013): 20110432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0432.

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While cadmium telluride and copper–indium–gallium–sulfide–selenide (CIGSSe) solar cells have either already surpassed (for CdTe) or reached (for CIGSSe) the 1 GW yr −1 production level, highlighting the promise of these rapidly growing thin-film technologies, reliance on the heavy metal cadmium and scarce elements indium and tellurium has prompted concern about scalability towards the terawatt level. Despite recent advances in structurally related copper–zinc–tin–sulfide–selenide (CZTSSe) absorbers, in which indium from CIGSSe is replaced with more plentiful and lower cost zinc and tin, there

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Steinmann, Vera, Rupak Chakraborty, Paul H. Rekemeyer, et al. "A Two-Step Absorber Deposition Approach To Overcome Shunt Losses in Thin-Film Solar Cells: Using Tin Sulfide as a Proof-of-Concept Material System." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8, no. 34 (2016): 22664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b07198.

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37

Rodríguez-Castro, Sergio, Carlos Álvarez-Macías, Michel Rivero, et al. "Evaluation of SnS:Cu Thin Film Properties Obtained by USP Technique to Implement It as an Absorbent Layer in Solar Cells Using SCAPS." Coatings 11, no. 7 (2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070754.

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Tin sulfide doped with copper (SnS:Cu) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique at different concentration ratios (y = [Cu]/[Sn] = 0% (undoped), 2%, 5% and 10%). The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of copper on structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of SnS:Cu and discuss their possible application as an absorber layer in a solar cell structure proposed which is simulated using SCAPS software. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals an orthorhombic structure in the undoped sample and a cubic structure in doped ones. Rama

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Nwori, Augustine Nwode, Laz Nnaedozie Ezenwaka, Ifeyinwa Euphemia Ottih, Ngozi Agatha Okereke, and Nonso Livinus Okoli. "Study of the Optical, Structural and Morphological Properties of Electrodeposited Copper Manganese Sulfide (CuMnS) Thin Films for Possible Device Applications." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 17 (2022): 5747. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.5747.

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Semiconductor thin films of CuMnS have been deposited onto conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate using an electrodeposition method to investigate their properties for possible applications. Copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and Thiourea were precursors used for sources of copper, manganese and sulphur ions respectively. The concentration of manganese ions was varied while keeping deposition voltage and time constant at 0.6 and 100 s, respectively. The films were characterized for optical, structural and morphological properties. The results obtained showed that the absorban

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Dell'Oro, Ruben, Roberto Della Vedova, Stefano Marchionna, and Luca Magagnin. "Co-Electrodeposition of Metallic Precursors for Cd-Doped Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZCTS) Kesterite Absorber for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 22 (2022): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0222934mtgabs.

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Electrodeposition is widely studied in the fabrication of semiconductors for solar application, because of the low cost and easy scalability of this technique. For instance, in the last decades large effort has been dedicated to the electrodeposition of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) through different approaches, including either direct co-electrodeposition of the sulfide, the deposition of metallic alloy precursors or by stacked elemental layer, depositing Cu, Zn and Sn in sequence, then converting it into kesterite with thermal treatment in sulfur atmosphere.1–4 While being a promising alternative to CIGS

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Kanai, Ayaka, Keina Kusatsu, and Mutsumi Sugiyama. "Influence of Cd, S and Na atoms on photoluminescence in tin sulfide thin films." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, October 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac9caf.

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Abstract The fundamental defects around the p–n interface were analyzed based on low temperature photoluminescence (LT-PL) measurements to determine the origin of the various defects around the n-CdS/p-SnS structure in tin sulfide (SnS) solar cells. Particularly, the effects of Cd, S, and Na atoms on PL at the interface of a CdS layer and various treated SnS layers were examined. The PL peaks at 1.08 eV and 1.23 eV in the CdS/SnS structure, which were observed using the Cd partial electrolyte-treated SnS film, were associated with the formation of Cd-related defects. Furthermore, the PL peak a

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Avellaneda, David, M. T. S. Nair, and P. K. Nair. "SnS Thin Films in Chemically Deposited Solar Cell Structures." MRS Proceedings 1012 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1012-y12-29.

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AbstractWe report photovoltaic cell structures on SnO2:F (TCO) coated glass substrates. Thin films of CdS, SnS, and CuS or PbS were deposited sequentially from chemical baths to produce the solar cell structures: SnO2:F-CdS- SnS (A)-CuS-Ag; SnO2:F-CdS- SnS (A)-PbS-Ag; and SnO2:F-CdS- SnS (B)-PbS-Ag. Heating SnS-CuS films results in the formation of Cu2SnS3, and sequential depositions of SnS and PbS to obtain solar cells produce stratified layers as required for solar cells. The photovoltaic characteristics, Voc 340 mV and Jsc 6 mA/cm2 in these structures suggest that absorber thin films based

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Ildan Ozmen, Sevda, Safak Hazal Temiz, and Hulya Metin Gubur. "Effects of annealing on SnS films produced by chemical bath deposition (CBD)." Physica Scripta, June 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac7756.

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Abstract Tin sulfide (SnS) thin films were produced on glass substrates at 65 ºC by chemical bath deposition (CBD). Two of the obtained five identical films were annealed in an air atmosphere while the other two were annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere at different temperatures. The effects of annealing (at 150 °C and 250 °C in air and nitrogen atmospheres) on the optical, structural, and electrical properties of the films were investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Hall-effect measurement. The energy ban

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Islam, Md Fakhrul, Nadhrah Md Yatim, Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan, et al. "A Critical Review of Cu2SnS3 (CTS) Thin Films Solar Cells." Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology, January 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v7i.117.

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To increase energy demand, reliability, and increasing efficiency, thin-film solar cells get the main focus. Various types of solar cell like (Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS), Cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) based absorber compound now eliminated by CTS (Cu2SnS3) for different reason like toxicity, shortage and structural complexity. Focus on CTS is increasing because it is nontoxic and it is environmentally friendly. CTS-based solar cell's power conversation efficiency increases and 30% theoretical efficiency indicates it's developing sign. For analyzing the synthesis property

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Tair, Sabrina, Prashant Ghediya, Abdelkader Nebatti Ech Chergui, et al. "n-type SnS₂ thin films spray-coated from transparent molecular ink as a non-toxic buffer layer for solar photovoltaics." Physica Scripta, August 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac8776.

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Abstract This paper reports the effect of solvent evaporation temperature on spray-coated tin disulfide (SnS2) thin films from molecular ink. Thiourea and tin chloride were the key chemical reagents used for the synthesis of SnS2 transparent ink under atmospheric conditions. The structural and compositional properties of SnS2 thin films revealed formation of pristine hexagonal SnS2. The films are smooth, homogeneous resulting in band gaps ranging from 2 to 2.22 eV suited for a Cd-free alternative buffer layer for Cu-based multicomponent solar cells. Thermoelectric power measurement showed that

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"Electrodeposition of Tin (II) Sulfide from 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Dicyanamide at High Temperature for Thin Film Solar Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2012-02/38/2913.

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Nkuissi Tchognia, Joël Hervé, Youssef Arba, Khalid Dakhsi, et al. "Solution-based deposition of wurtzite copper zinc tin sulfide nanocrystals as a novel absorber in thin film solar cells." Optical and Quantum Electronics 48, no. 4 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0535-9.

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Bibi, Baseerat, Bita Farhadi, H. M. Noor ul Huda Khan Asghar, Waseem ur Rahman, and aimin liu. "Effect and optimization of the Zn₃P₂ back surface field on the efficiency of CZTS/CZTSSe tandem solar cell: A computational approach." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, October 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac9c6c.

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Abstract Copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) and copper zinc tin sulfo selenide (CZTSSe) kesterite minerals are nontoxic and abundant in the earth with the promise of cost-effective photovoltaic applications. This study explains a tandem solar cell made of kesterite materials that can capture sunlight over a broad spectrum. The tandem solar cell under consideration consists of a wide bandgap CZTS thin-film upper subcell and an underlying narrow bandgap CZTSSe-based lower subcell. To begin with, SCAPS-1D was employed to model the experimental CZTS- and CZTSSe-based solar cells to fit the simulated a

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