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Journal articles on the topic 'Solid Acids Catalyst'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Manayil, Jinesh, Adam Lee, and Karen Wilson. "Functionalized Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas: Tunable Hydrophobic Solid Acids for Biomass Conversion." Molecules 24, no. 2 (2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020239.

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The catalytic deoxygenation of bio-based feedstocks to fuels and chemicals presents new challenges to the catalytic scientist, with many transformations either performed in or liberating water as a byproduct during reaction. The design of catalysts with tunable hydrophobicity to aid product and reactant adsorption or desorption, respectively, is vital for processes including (trans)esterification and condensation reactions employed in sustainable biodiesel production and bio-oil upgrading processes. Increasing surface hydrophobicity of catalyst materials offers a means to displace water from t

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2

Lotfi, Samira, Daria C. Boffito, and Gregory S. Patience. "Gas–solid conversion of lignin to carboxylic acids." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 1, no. 4 (2016): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6re00053c.

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3

Wilson, Karen, and James H. Clark. "Solid acids and their use as environmentally friendly catalysts in organic synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 7 (2000): 1313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072071313.

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Tightening environmental legislation is driving the fine and speciality chemicals industries to consider alternative processes that avoid the use of conventional mineral acids. The use of heterogeneous catalysts in these processes would vastly simplify catalyst removal, minimizing the amount of waste formed. However, diffusion limitation of liquids within porous solids dictates that effective solid acids for liquid-phase reactions require the use of mesoporous materials &lt;20_100Å. Recent developments in materials chemistry has led to the discovery of a family of ordered mesoporous silica

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4

Li, Wei Xing, Ying Xiang Ni, and Wei Hong Xing. "Synthesis of Sulfated Zirconia Solid Acids and their Activities for Hydrolysis of Ethyl Lactate." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1529.

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A kind of solid acid (sulfated zirconia) was proposed to be used as the catalyst for the hydrolysis of ethyl lactate because esterification-hydrolysis was usually applied to produce lactic acid of high purity. The sulfated zirconia was prepared via a simple chemical precipitation and impregnation approach. The prepared catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TG-DSC, FT-IR, and NH3-TPD. Catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated by the hydrolysis reaction of ethyl lactate. The characterization results showed that the prepared sulfated zirconia was of tetragonal phase at th

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5

Stojkovic, N., M. Vasic, M. Marinkovic, et al. "A comparative study of n-hexane isomerization over solid acids catalysts: Sulfated and phosphated zirconia." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 2 (2012): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq110602062s.

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Two series of zirconia based catalysts promoted with either sulfates or phosphates were prepared, calcined at different temperatures (600 and 700?C) and evaluated for the n-hexane isomerization reaction. The catalysts with different concentrations of sulfates or phosphates (4 or 10 wt. %) were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM methods, and total acidity was evaluated by using the Hammett indicators. Their final catalytic performances were correlated with their physical-chemical properties (surface, structural, textural and morphological). It was found that sulfated zirconia catalyst calcined at l

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6

Badday, Ali Sabri, Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah, and Keat Teong Lee. "Application of Heteropolyacid-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Conversion of Oleochemicals into Renewable Fuels and other Value-Added Products." Materials Science Forum 757 (May 2013): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.757.1.

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Oleochemicals offer viable choices to replace petrochemicals in a wide range of applications such as fuels, lubricants and surfactants. Many of the conversions require the use of suitable solid acids as the catalysts. The chemical and physical properties of the feedstock in oleochemical processes often result in difficulties and challenges that limit the success. Large amount of free fatty acids and high water content create barriers towards the successful use of broad range of oleochemicals as raw materials. To overcome this problem, efforts have been dedicated to the development of new techn

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7

Villemin, Didier, Nathalie Bar, Mohamed Hammadi, and Messaoud Hachemi. "Liquid and Solid Acids as Catalysts for the Thiele–Winter reaction of Menadione." Journal of Chemical Research 2000, no. 7 (2000): 356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823400103167642.

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Liquid acid such as perchloric acid, chlorosulfonic or triflic acid can effectively replace sulfuric acid as a catalyst in Thiele–Winter reaction of menadione. Solid acids like zeolites and heteropolyacids are described for the first time as catalysts in Thiele–Winter reaction. The two step sequence (Thiele–Winter), saponification–oxidation) constitutes a new synthesis of the antibiotic phthiocol from menadione.

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8

Alsalme, Ali, Aliyah A. Alsharif, Hamda Al-Enizi, et al. "Probing the Catalytic Efficiency of Supported Heteropoly Acids for Esterification: Effect of Weak Catalyst Support Interactions." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (July 24, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7037461.

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Supported heteropoly acids are an interesting class of solid acid catalysts which possess flexible structure and super acidic properties essentially required for the oil-based biodiesel production. In this study, a series of catalysts containing 25 wt.% of heteropolytungstate (HPW) supported on various clays or SiO2 were prepared, and their catalytic efficiency was evaluated for esterification of acetic acid with heptanol. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by various techniques including FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,

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9

Xie, Wenlei, Chunli Gao, and Hongyan Wang. "Biodiesel Production from Low-Quality Oils Using Heterogeneous Cesium Salts of Vanadium-Substituted Polyoxometalate Acid Catalyst." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (2020): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091060.

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This research aims at developing an efficient and reusable catalyst to improve biodiesel production processes. To achieve this, a vanadium-substituted polyoxometalate (POM) acid, namely H6PV3MoW8O40, was firstly prepared, and then the heterogenzation of the homogeneous Keggin-type heteropoly acids was performed by the partial proton substitution by monovalent large cesium cations with the formation of solid Cs2H4PV3MoW8O40 catalysts. Several techniques, such as X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared, coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry, Diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible

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10

Noda, Hiroto, Ken Motokura, Wang-Jae Chun, Akimitsu Miyaji, Sho Yamaguchi, and Toshihide Baba. "Heterogeneous double-activation catalysis: Rh complex and tertiary amine on the same solid surface for the 1,4-addition reaction of aryl- and alkylboronic acids." Catalysis Science & Technology 5, no. 5 (2015): 2714–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy00133a.

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11

Jeong, Sangmin, Ki-Joon Jeon, Young-Kwon Park, Byung-Joo Kim, Kyong-Hwan Chung, and Sang-Chul Jung. "Catalytic Properties of Microporous Zeolite Catalysts in Synthesis of Isosorbide from Sorbitol by Dehydration." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020148.

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As bisphenol A has been found to cause hormonal disturbances, the natural biomaterial isosorbide is emerging as a substitute. In this study, a method for isosorbide synthesis from sorbitol was proposed by dehydration under high temperature and high pressure reaction. Microporous zeolites and Amberlyst 35 solid acids with various acid strengths and pore characteristics were applied as catalysts. In the synthesis of isosorbide from sorbitol, the acidity of the catalyst was the main factor. MOR and MFI zeolite catalysts with high acid strength and small pore size showed low conversion of sorbitol

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12

Rivière, Maxime, Noémie Perret, Damien Delcroix, Amandine Cabiac, Catherine Pinel, and Michèle Besson. "Ru-(Mn-M)OX Solid Base Catalysts for the Upgrading of Xylitol to Glycols in Water." Catalysts 8, no. 8 (2018): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8080331.

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A series of Ru-(Mn-M)OX catalysts (M: Al, Ti, Zr, Zn) prepared by co-precipitation were investigated in the hydrogenolysis of xylitol in water to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol at 200 °C and 60 bar of H2. The catalyst promoted with Al, Ru-(Mn-Al)OX, showed superior activity (57 h−1) and a high global selectivity to glycols and glycerol of 58% at 80% xylitol conversion. In comparison, the catalyst prepared by loading Ru on (Mn-Al)OX, Ru/(Mn-Al)OX was more active (111 h−1) but less selective (37%) than Ru-(Mn-Al)OX. Characterization of these catalysts by XRD, BET, CO2-TPD, NH3-TP

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13

Honorato de Oliveira, Brenda Fernanda, Luiz Ferreira de França, Nádia Cristina Fernandes Corrêa, Nielson Fernando da Paixão Ribeiro, and Mauricio Velasquez. "Renewable Diesel Production from Palm Fatty Acids Distillate (PFAD) via Deoxygenation Reactions." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (2021): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091088.

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The reactions to produce liquid biofuels from a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) under hydrogen absence were carried out using 10 wt% NiO/zeolite (Ni/Zeo), 10 wt% Co3O4/zeolite (Co/Zeo), and 10 wt% (NiO + Co3O4)/zeolite (NiCo/Zeo) as catalysts. The zeolite was synthesized by a thermal and chemical treatment from natural clay, obtaining a zeolite A and sodalite mixture. Catalytic activity was evaluated as a function of reaction temperature (250, 300, and 350 °C) during 0.5 h and using 5 wt% of catalyst. The reaction products were classified as organic liquid products (OLPs), gaseous products,

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14

Abedin, Md Ashraful, Swarom Kanitkar, Nitin Kumar, et al. "Probing the Surface Acidity of Supported Aluminum Bromide Catalysts." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (2020): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080869.

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Solid acid catalysis is an important class of reactions. The principal advantages of solid acid catalysts as compared to their corresponding fluid acids include minimal waste and ease of product separation. One type of these catalysts is based on aluminum bromide (Al2Br6), which is a stronger Lewis acid than Al2Cl6. In this report, Al2Br6 is grafted on commercial mesoporous silica (CMS), SBA-15 and silica gel to create a solid catalyst similar to the silica-supported Al2Cl6 superacid. These supported Al2Br6 catalysts were characterized by NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), pyridine D

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15

Gu, Yue Ling, Guo Hui Xu, Zuo Gang Guo, and Shu Rong Wang. "Esterification Research on a Bio-Oil Model Compounds System with an Optimal Solid Acid Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1144.

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Solid acid catalyst has high catalytic esterification activity but with a free acid excess problem. In this paper, washing pretreatments were adopted in the catalyst preparation processes and their influences on catalytic activity and residual free acid amount were investigated. Residual free acid amount can be reduced by 33% with both washing before calcinations and washing after calcinations pretreatments. But their influences on catalyst activities were different. Washing before calcinations pretreatment reduced the catalytic activity from 80.29% to 57.72% while the other washing pretreatme

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16

Li, Yong Xiu, Chang Jiang Yu, Chao Xian Wang, Longnian Ou, and Yi Bing Song. "Hydrolysis of Dimethyl Ether over Heteropoly Acids Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.114.

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Heteropoly acide(HPA), as one kind of solid-super acid catalysts, has been researched and applied extensively. Using SBA-15 and ZSM-5 as carriers, HPA catalysts with different types and contents were applied in this work for the hydrolysis of dimethyl ether(DME). It had been found that ZSM-5 was a proper carrier, and its supported phosphotungstic acid exhibited relatively high catalytic activity in this low-temperature hydrolysis reaction.

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17

Gu, Shuang Shuang, Jun Wang, Na Pang, Fang Qin Wang, Cong Li, and Fuan Wu. "Biodiesel Production from Silkworm Pupae Oil Using Solid Base Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.711.

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How to dispose large amounts of free fatty acids of the desilked silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) pupae oil in a suitable way have attracted considerable attention. The feasibility of biodiesel production from the desilked silkworm pupae oil using Na2O•SiO2•5H2O as a solid base catalyst was investigated, and the experimental conditions (i. e. molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature) were studied. The experimental results indicated that Na2O•SiO2•5H2O possesses high catalytic activity towards the synthesis of biodiesel from the desilked silkworm p

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18

Ghorbani, Fatemeh, Seied Ali Pourmousavi, and Hamzeh Kiyani. "Novel Carbon-based Solid Acid from Green Pistachio Peel as an Efficient Catalyst for the Chemoselective Acylation, Acetalization and Thioacetalization of Aldehydes, Synthesis of Biscoumarins and Antimicrobial Evaluation." Current Organocatalysis 7, no. 1 (2019): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213337206666190717164606.

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Background: Much attention has been focused on heterogeneous catalysts. Reactions with these recoverable and reusable catalysts are clean, selective with high efficiency. Among the heterogeneous solid acid catalyst in organic synthesis, Carbon-Based Solid Acids (CBSAs), which are important solid acid with many practical and research applications have been extensively studied. In this work, green Pistachio peel, a biomass waste, was converted into a novel carbon-based solid acid catalyst (Pis-SO3H). Objective: The aim of this work is to synthesize highly sulfonated carbon as an efficient, recyc

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19

Manivannan, R., and C. Karthikeyan. "Synthesis of Biodiesel from Neem Oil Using Mg-Al Nano Hydrotalcite." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.268.

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Abstract Methyl ester of fatty acids, derived from vegetable oils or animal fats are known as biodiesel. The most common method of biodiesel production is transesterification (alcoholysis) of oil (triglycerides) with methanol in the presence of a catalyst which gives biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) and glycerol (by product). In this work, an environmentally benign process for the methanolysis of neem oil to methyl esters using Mg–Al nano hydrotalcites as solid base catalysts in a heterogeneous manner was developed. The effect of the reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amou

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20

Liu, Wei, Fang Wang, Pengcheng Meng, and Shuang-Quan Zang. "Sulfonic Acids Supported on UiO-66 as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Esterification of Fatty Acids for Biodiesel Production." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (2020): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111271.

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Zr-MOF (UiO-66) catalysts PTSA/UiO-66 and MSA/UiO-66 bearing supported sulfonic acids (p-toluenesulfonic acid and methanesulfonic acid, respectively) were prepared through a simple impregnation approach. The UiO-66-supported sulfonic acid catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and elemental analysis. The prepared heterogeneous acid catalysts had excellent stability since their crystalline structure was not changed compared with that of the original UiO-66. Zr-MOF MSA/UiO-66 and PTSA/UiO-66 were next suc

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21

Hidayat, Arif, Winarto Kurniawan, and Hirofumi Hinode. "Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar as a Solid Catalyst: From Literature Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Esterifications to the Experiments for Biodiesel Synthesis from Palm Oil Industry Waste Residue." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (2021): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v6i2.34498.

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In this study, the utilization of sugarcane bagasse biochar (SCBB) as a solid catalyst was investigated for biodiesel production from palm oil industry waste residue. The catalyst was synthesized by sulfonation of SCBB to attach sulfonate functional group. Several analyses such as Nitrogen Gas Sorption Analysis, acidity, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were applied to determine the properties of SCBB catalyst. The SCBB catalysts were tested to esterify the palm oil industry waste residue which contains of Free Fatty Acids (FFAs). The SCBB catalyst a

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22

Rajabi, Fatemeh, Christian Wilhelm, and Werner R. Thiel. "A Brønsted acidic, ionic liquid containing, heteropolyacid functionalized polysiloxane network as a highly selective catalyst for the esterification of dicarboxylic acids." Green Chemistry 22, no. 14 (2020): 4438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc01354d.

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23

Motokura, Ken, and Kyogo Maeda. "Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Ir Complex Catalysts for Aromatic C–H Borylation." Synthesis 53, no. 18 (2021): 3227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1478-6118.

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AbstractAromatic C–H borylation catalyzed by an Ir complex is among the most powerful methods for activating inert bonds. The products, i.e., arylboronic acids and their esters, are usable chemicals for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, and significant effort has been directed toward the development of homogeneous catalysis chemistry. In this short review, we present a recent overview of current heterogeneous Ir-complex catalyst developments for aromatic C–H borylation. Not only have Ir complexes been immobilized on support surfaces with phosphine and bipyridine ligands, but Ir compl

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Thombal, Raju S., Amol R. Jadhav та Vrushali H. Jadhav. "Biomass derived β-cyclodextrin-SO3H as a solid acid catalyst for esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols". RSC Advances 5, № 17 (2015): 12981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16699j.

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A novel b-cyclodextrin-SO<sub>3</sub>H carbon based solid acid catalyst was prepared and proved highly efficient in solvent free esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused without any impact on the yields.

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Patrylak, L. K., and A. V. Yakovenko. "Alkylation of isobutane with butenes under microcatalytic conditions in pulse mode." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 1 (January 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2021-134-1-55-61.

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Alkylation of isobutane with butenes is one of few important petrochemical processes that is still implemented using liquid acids. New highly active solid alkylation catalysts are investigated for century. The development of new rapid methods for testing catalysts will contribute to progress in this area. Therefore, the aim of the work was to test the possibility of conducting a bimolecular reaction of alkylation of isobutane with butenes in a microreactor in a pulsed mode of feeding. A zeolite-containing alkylation catalyst was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, temp

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Ojeda-Porras, Andrea, Alejandra Hernández-Santana, and Diego Gamba-Sánchez. "Direct amidation of carboxylic acids with amines under microwave irradiation using silica gel as a solid support." Green Chemistry 17, no. 5 (2015): 3157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc00189g.

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A highly improved methodology for the direct amidation of carboxylic acids with amines using silica gel as a solid support and catalyst is described. Several examples using aliphatic, aromatic, unsaturated and fatty acids combined with primary and secondary amines are shown.

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da Silva, Fabiano Rosa, Marcos Henrique Luciano Silveira, Claudiney Soares Cordeiro, Shirley Nakagaki, Fernando Wypych, and Luiz Pereira Ramos. "Esterification of Fatty Acids Using a Bismuth-Containing Solid Acid Catalyst." Energy & Fuels 27, no. 4 (2013): 2218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef400001r.

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Martinis, Jorge M., and Gilbert F. Froment. "Alkylation on Solid Acids. Part 1. Experimental Investigation of Catalyst Deactivation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45, no. 3 (2006): 940–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0508839.

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Ghorbani, Fatemeh, Seied Ali Pourmousavi, and Hamzeh Kiyani. "Novel Biomass Derived from Grape Pomace Waste as an Efficient Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Dibenzoxanthene, Tetraketone, bis(indolyl)alkane and Chromene Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Evaluation." Current Organic Synthesis 17, no. 6 (2020): 440–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179417666200409144600.

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Background: Sulfonated carbon-based solid acids (CBSAs) have been reported as an efficient solid acid catalyst for many acid-catalyzed reactions. Furthermore, the use of carbon obtained from biomass waste has been explored and these materials showed a higher catalytic performance and higher stability compared to other solid acids. Objective: Novel biomass carbon-based solid acids nanoparticles with high catalytic activity in organic transformation, such as Grape pomace waste-SO3H Nanoparticles (GPW-SO3H NPs), were successfully synthesized. Materials and Methods: Grape pomace waste-SO3H Nanopar

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Toshtay, K., A. B. Auyezov, Zh A. Bizhanov, et al. "Effect of Catalyst Preparation on the Selective Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil Over Low Percentage Pd/Diatomite Catalysts." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 17, no. 1 (2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj192.

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Hydrogenated vegetable oils contain high contents of <em>trans</em>-fatty acids. Because of the increased health concern about <em>trans</em>-fatty acids, new hydrogenations have been studied to seek ways for substantial reduction of the <em>trans</em>-fatty acids in the hydrogenated products. In this research, activated diatomite has distinctive properties as a support for hydrogenation catalysts. Investigation of textural properties of raw and purified diatomite samples reveals that during acid activation surface area increases significantly. Although, aci

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Ji, Huiping, Jie Fu, and Tianfu Wang. "Pyrolyzing Renewable Sugar and Taurine on the Surface of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Hydroxymethylfurfural Production." Catalysts 8, no. 11 (2018): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8110517.

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Conversion of biorenewable feedstocks into transportation fuels or chemicals likely necessitates the development of novel heterogeneous catalysts with good hydrothermal stability, due to the nature of highly oxygenated biomass compounds and the prevalence of water as a processing solvent. The use of carbon-based materials, derived from sugars as catalyst precursors, can achieve hydrothermal stability while simultaneously realizing the goal of sustainability. In this work, the simultaneous pyrolysis of glucose and taurine in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), to obtain vers

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Serrao, Reena Saritha, S. Z. Mohamed Shamshuddin, and Joyce D'souza. "Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinate Esters over Zirconia and its Modified Forms Coated on Honeycomb Monoliths: Green Synthesis." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 9 (2019): 1993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22102.

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A series of solid acid catalysts such as ZrO2, Mo(VI)/ZrO2 and W(VI)/ZrO2 have been coated on honeycomb monoliths as well as synthesized in the powder forms and used as catalytic materials for synthesis of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid and ethanol. These solid acids were characterized by BET, NH3-TPD/n-butyl amine back titration, FTIR, PXRD and SEM techniques. Effects of various reaction parameters towards the reaction performance were studied. The performance of the catalyst was tested based on nature of the catalyst (honeycomb coated or powder form), reaction time (1 to 5 h), molar ra

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Feng, Xinqiang, Chun Shen, Kaiyue Ji, Jiabin Yin, and Tianwei Tan. "Production of p-xylene from bio-based 2,5-dimethylfuran over high performance catalyst WO3/SBA-15." Catalysis Science & Technology 7, no. 23 (2017): 5540–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy01530e.

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Mishra, Neha, Takallum Khan, Himanshu Pandey та ін. "An Atom Economical Concise Green Synthetic Protocol for the Synthesis of 4-Substituted Benzylidene β-Lactams Easy Access by P2O5/SiO2 Catalyzed Schiff Base". Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 5, № 1 (2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2020.ajomc-p231.

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A simple and efficient protocol for the synthesis of Schiff bases via condensation reaction of electron rich heterocyclic amines with electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl compound. Recently an impressive and important area in catalysis involved organic synthesis is the best implementation of Lewis acids as a acid catalyst for Schiff base synthesis. The higher acidic property and proper loading of catalyst leads to proper participation in reaction as a catalyst. The reactions of these Lewis acids are enhanced by porous solid support as heterogeneous catalyst. We report herein an efficient conci

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Wang, An-Qi, Jun-Xia Wang, Hui Wang, Ya-Nan Huang, Ming-Liang Xu, and Xiu-Ling Wu. "Synthesis of SO42−/TiO2–ZnAl2O4 composite solid acids as the esterification catalysts." RSC Advances 7, no. 23 (2017): 14224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01386h.

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36

Osatiashtiani, Amin, Lee J. Durndell, Jinesh C. Manayil, Adam F. Lee, and Karen Wilson. "Influence of alkyl chain length on sulfated zirconia catalysed batch and continuous esterification of carboxylic acids by light alcohols." Green Chemistry 18, no. 20 (2016): 5529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01089j.

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Fikry, Ebeid M., Ali Abdel-Ghaffar, Amin Anwar та Sameh Aboul-Fotouh. "Heteropoly Acids Supported on α-Al2O3 as Solid Acid Catalysts for Methanol Transformation". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, № 9 (1993): 2079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932079.

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Transformation of methanol into dimethyl ether and methane was carried out over two heteropoly acids supported on α-Al2O3 under atmospheric pressure and at 300 °C. The samples were characterized physicochemically (SBET, X-ray diffraction and acidity). The effect of reaction time, temperature, methanol partial pressure and of the content of the supported acid were studied. The results showed that α-Al2O3 increased the catalyst life. The selectivity towards dimethyl ether and methane formation depended on the type of acid and its content. The results indicate that dimethyl ether is formed by sur

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Liu, Xue Jun, Hai Yan Zhang, Ning Ai, et al. "Deacidification of Jatropha Curcas Oil by Extraction for Biodiesel Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.207.

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The acid value of jatropha curcas oil is 9.41mgKOH/g. The most of fatty acids should be removed if base catalysts are adopted to catalyze the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production in case of soap formation. In this study, methanol and ethanol were adopted to extract the fatty acids in jatropha curcas oil. Then, it was catalyzed by calcium methoxide for biodiesel production. The extracted fatty acids can be used to produce biodiesel at supercritical or sulfuric acid conditions. The results indicated that the acid value of jatropha curcas oil decrease to 0.31 mgKOH/g from 9.41 mg

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Rodenas, Y., R. Mariscal, J. L. G. Fierro, D. Martín Alonso, J. A. Dumesic та M. López Granados. "Improving the production of maleic acid from biomass: TS-1 catalysed aqueous phase oxidation of furfural in the presence of γ-valerolactone". Green Chemistry 20, № 12 (2018): 2845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc00857d.

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Chaichana, Ekrachan, Weeraphat Wiwatthanodom, and Bunjerd Jongsomjit. "Carbon-Based Catalyst from Pyrolysis of Waste Tire for Catalytic Ethanol Dehydration to Ethylene and Diethyl Ether." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019 (February 5, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4102646.

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This work investigated the use of waste tire as a source of carbon in preparation of carbon-based catalysts for applying in ethanol dehydration. The pyrolysis of waste tire was performed to obtain the solid carbon, and then it was treated with two different acids including HCl and HNO3 prior to the activation process with different temperatures to gain suitable carbon catalysts. All carbon catalysts were characterized using nitrogen physisorption, XRD, FTIR, and acid-base titration. The catalysts were tested for catalytic ethanol dehydration in a micropacked-bed reactor under the temperature r

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Nisar, Shafaq, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Umer Rashid, Asma Hanif, Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar, and Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai. "Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (2021): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091085.

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The effective transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) requires the use of low-cost, less corrosive, environmentally friendly and effective catalysts. Currently, worldwide biodiesel production revolves around the use of alkaline and acidic catalysts employed in heterogeneous and homogeneous phases. Homogeneous catalysts (soluble catalysts) for FAME production have been widespread for a while, but solid catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) are a newer development for FAME production. The rate of reaction is much increased when homogeneous basic catalysts are used, b

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Hemmann, Felix, Christian Jaeger, and Erhard Kemnitz. "Comparison of acidic site quantification methods for a series of nanoscopic aluminum hydroxide fluorides." RSC Adv. 4, no. 100 (2014): 56900–56909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09477h.

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Gernigon, Nicolas, Hongchao Zheng, and Dennis G. Hall. "Solid-supported ortho-iodoarylboronic acid catalyst for direct amidation of carboxylic acids." Tetrahedron Letters 54, no. 33 (2013): 4475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.06.043.

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Hidayati, Nur, Rahmah Puspita Sari, and Herry Purnama. "Catalysis of glycerol acetylation on solid acid catalyst: a review." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 12 (2021): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.12.414-423.

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Biodiesel is a substitute fuel that is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable. The need for biodiesel continues to increase. Biodiesel is made through the process of transesterification of triglycerides and alcohol. Glycerol is a side-effect of biodiesel products with a capacity of 10% of the total weight of its production. Glycerol is the simplest glyceride compound and has several functions as a primary ingredient in chemical production. Through acetylation, glycerol is converted to a material that has a higher sale value. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are th

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Abdullah, Iman, Widayanti Wibowo, Soleh Kosela, and Yuni Krisyuningsih Krisnandi. "The Use of Silica Extracted from Kaolin as Catalyst Support for Esterification of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid with Sucrose." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 6 (2020): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.6.196-202.

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SiO2 was extracted from kaolin using concentrated HCl and HNO3 mixture and used as solid support for both Bronsted (HClO4 and H2SO4) and Lewis Acid (AlCl3 and ZnCl2). Before extraction, kaolin was calcined at 800°C for eight hours to form metastable kaolin. After the extraction procedure, silica was recovered in 51.6% yield. Silica and the resulting solid acids were then characterized using XRD, XRF, and FTIR. XRD pattern shows that silica synthesized from kaolin is in the mixture of amorphous and α-quartz silica. Immobilization of acids alters its structure becomes more crystalline. XRF analy

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Faruque, Mohammed O., Shaikh A. Razzak, and Mohammad M. Hossain. "Application of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Microalgal Oil—A Review." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (2020): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091025.

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The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increased environmental concerns related to fossil fuel production and combustion has forced the global communities to search for renewable fuels. In this regard, microalgae-based biodiesel has been considered as one of the interesting alternatives. Biodiesel production from the cultivation of microalgae is eco-friendly and sustainable. Moreover, microalgae have several advantages over other bioenergy sources, including their good photosynthetic capacity and faster growth rates. The productivity of microalgae per unit land area is also significantly hi

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Yan, Hong Mei, Yong Shuai Ma, Wei Lu Zhang та Dong Zhang. "Catalytic Effects of Super Acid SO₄^2-/γ-Al₂O₃ to PET Depolymerization under Microwave Irradiation". Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (липень 2012): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.280.

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The effects of different temperatures on catalytic hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) by solid super acids SO42-/γ-Al2O3as a catalyst under microwave irradiation were studied, and in the meantime, the morphology analysis of the undepolymerized PET under the same temperature was investigated by SEM. The results indicate that the depolymerization rate of PET is seriously influenced by reaction time and temperature. The depolymerization mechanism is changed by the solid super acid SO42-/γ-Al2O3, and the depolymerization rate is higher than that of with no catalyst in the whole process

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Sposato, Corradino, Enrico Catizzone, Alessandro Blasi, et al. "Towards the Circular Economy of Rare Earth Elements: Lanthanum Leaching from Spent FCC Catalyst by Acids." Processes 9, no. 8 (2021): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081369.

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Rare earth elements (REEs) are strategic materials widely used in different applications from Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to catalysis, which are expected to grow more in the future. In order to reduce the impact of market price and reduce the environmental effect from soil extraction, recovery/purification strategies should be exploited. This paper presents a combined acid-leaching/oxalate precipitation process to recover lanthanum from spent FCC catalyst using nitric acid. Preferred to hydrochloric and sulphuric acid (preliminary assessed), HNO3 showed a good capability

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Anggoro, Didi Dwi, and Kamsi Nur Oktavia. "The Potential of Cellulose as a Source of Bioethanol using the Solid Catalyst: A Mini-Review." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 16, no. 3 (2021): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10635.661-672.

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One of the most important biofuels is cellulose ethanol which is a popular material for bioethanol production. The present cellulosic ethanol production is through the cellulolytic process and this involves the splitting of complex cellulose into simple sugars through the hydrolysis process of the lignocellulose pretreated with acids and enzymes after which the product is fermented and distilled. There are, however, some challenges due to the enzymatic and acid processes based on the fact that acid hydrolysis has the ability to corrode equipment and cause unwanted waste while the enzymatic hyd

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Shareef, Akhtar, Mohammad Tahir, Shahid Bhutto, and Nisha Khan. "Catalytic Reduction of Wood Kikar (Acacia albida) by Acetosolv and Organosolv Pulping with Organic acids." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 60, no. 3 (2017): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.60.3.2017.141.146.

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Kikar wood (Acacia albida) of particle size 0.315-1.00 mm was subjected to acetosolv andorganosolv pulping catalyzed by strong acid like HCl. The selective condition for pulping is 95%, 0.25%catalyst (HCl) solid/liquor ratio (S/L) 1:12.5 for 180 mins, for acetic acid, 80%, 0.2% catalyst (HCl), S/L1:12.5 for 120 min, for formic acid, 85%, 0.2% catalyst (HCl), S/L 1:12.5 for 180 min for propionic acid,giving residues impurities but the a-cellulose and klason lignin 58.5% and 24.1% in Kikar wood. Theoptimum delignification was achieved by the acetic acid as compared to other organic acids.

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