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Abdul, Manan Musaalbakri. "Design aspects of solid state fermentation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/design-aspects-of-solid-state-fermentation(d64ea506-85ee-424f-9bca-531488e3e3c7).html.
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Solid state fermentation (SSF) refers to the microbial fermentation, which takes place in the absence or near absence of free water, thus being close to the natural environment to which the selected microorganisms, especially fungi, are naturally adapted. The current status of SSF research globally was discussed in terms of articles publication. This was followed by discussion of the advantages of SSF and the reason for interest in SSF as a notable bioprocessing technology to be investigated and compared to submerged fermentation (SmF) for the production of various added-value products. SSF also proved to be a potential technology to treat solid waste produced from food and agricultural industry and to provide environmental benefits with solid waste treatment. A summary was made of the attempts at using modern SSF technology for future biorefineries for the production of chemicals. Many works were carried out in the Satake Centre for Grain Process Engineering (SCGPE), University of Manchester, to prove the strategy of using SSF for the production of hydrolysate rich in nutrients for sequel microbial fermentation with or without adding any commercial nutrients. The research findings presented in this thesis are based on a series of SSF experiments carried out on systems varying in complexity from simple petri dishes to our own design of bioreactor systems. They were conducted to assess a solution for biomass estimation, enzymes production, and successful mass and heat transfer. A proper technique for inoculum transfer prior to the start of the fermentation process was developed. In SSF, estimation of biomass presents difficulties as generally the fungal mycelium penetrates deep and remains attached with the solid substrate particles. Although many promising methods are available, the evaluation of microbial growth in SSF may sometimes become laborious, impractical and inaccurate. Essentially, this remains another critical issue for monitoring growth. In these studies, measurement of colour changes during SSF are presented as one of the potential techniques that can be used to describe growth, complementary to monitoring metabolic activity measurement, such as CER, OUR and heat evolution, which is directly related to growth. For the growth of Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae on wheat bran, soybean hulls and rapeseed meal, it was confirmed that colour production was directly proportional to fungal growth. This colourimetric technique was also proved to be a feasible approach for fungal biomass estimation in SmF. This new approach is an important complementation to the existing techniques especially for basic studies. The key finding is that the colourimetric technique demonstrated and provided information of higher quality than that obtained by visual observation or spores counting. The effect of aeration arrangements on moisture content, oxygen (O2), mass and heat transfer during SSF was investigated. A. awamori and A. oryzae were cultivated on wheat bran in newly designed four tray solid state bioreactor (SSB) systems. The new tray SSB systems were: (1) single circular tray SSB, (2) multi-stacked circular tray SSB, (3) Single rectangular tray SSB and (4) multi-square tray SSB. The purpose was to study the effect, on heat and water transfer, of operating variables, fermentation on the perforated base tray and internal moist air circulation under natural and forced aeration. Temperature, O2 and carbon dioxide were measured continuously on-line. Enzyme activity, moisture content and biomass were also measured. The results suggest that the air arrangements examined have a remarkable effect on the quantity of biomass produced using measurement of spores and enzymes production. The strategy presented in these studies allowed quantitative evaluation of the effect of forced internal moist air circulation on the removal of metabolic heat. With the proposed strategy, it was possible to maintain the bed temperatures at the optimum level for growth. However, the effect on moisture content was very different for the two fungi. It was found that the ability of A. oryzae to retain moisture was much higher than that of A. awamori. This is possibly due to the higher levels of chitin in A. oryzae. Greater spores and enzymes (glucoamylase, xylanase and cellulase) production was observed for A. awamori in multi-stacked circular tray and multi-square tray SSB systems compared to the conventional petri dishes and the other two systems. A. oryzae was excellent in producing protease in the same bioreactors. A direct technique of establishing a correlation between fungal growth and CER, OUR, heat evolved was proven successful in this work. The information obtained from CER and OUR led to the estimation of respiratory quotient (RQ). RQ describes the state of the fungal population in the tray SSB and gives an indication of fungal metabolic behaviour. RQ values < 1 were obtained from 38 experiments using four tray SSB systems for the two fungi. A kinetic model based on CO2 evolution instead of biomass concentration was examined in order to simplify the required experiments for kinetic model development. A Gompertz model was used to fit the integrated CO2 data and predict the quantity of CO2 evolution in all experiments. A correlation was found between the heat evolution and CER. The performances of tray SSB systems can be improved by constructing them as multi-trays. The multi-tray systems improved the mass transfer considerably compared with single tray systems. In addition, the multi-tray systems allowed precise measurement of the gradients of CO2, enzymes, spores and fungal biomass. In addition, the air arrangements using moistened air were successful in maintaining moisture content, adequate O2 supply and control of temperature, and hence, increased the productivity of both fungi. Overall A. awamori and A. oryzae have their own ability and performance to degrade and utilise the complex compositions contained in the solid substrate and fermentation conditions may lead to possible comparisons. In addition, multi-stacked circular tray and multi-square tray SSB systems demonstrated an excellent system for further investigations of mass transfer and possibly for large scale operation, though considerable optimisation work remains to be done, for example the height/diameter ratio and total number of trays should be optimised.
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Silva, Ellen Mae. "A gas-solid spouted bed bioreactor for solid state fermentation /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487945320759412.
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Robinson, Tim. "Solid state fermentation of dye-adsorbed agricultural residues." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274061.
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Lyons, Mark Pearse. "Optimisation of solid-state fermentation for enzyme production." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2030.
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Bennett, Patrick M. "Solid State Fermentation in a Spouted Bed Reactor and Modelling Thereof." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1384774243.
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Mahanama, Raja Manthreegedara Hasitha Rukmal. "Solid State Fermentation of Bacillus subtilis to Produce Menaquinone7 (Vitamin K2)." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9360.
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Vitamins are required by organisms as vital nutrients in limited amounts as they cannot be synthesized in vivo. Many vitamins and related compounds are now industrially produced, and are widely used as food or feed additives, medical or therapeutic agents, complementary health products or cosmetics. The consumption of a particular form of vitamin K, namely Menaquinone 7 (MK7), as part of the diet shows a correlation with reduced risk of bone fractures and of some cardiovascular disorders. The concentration of MK7 in food products is low and, hence, there may be a benefit for supplementary MK7. MK7 production in Solid state fermentation (SSF) has received only limited attention in the open literature, in spite of natto production being hundreds of years old. The aim of this thesis is to assess the feasibility of enhancing the concentration of MK7 from SSF for the large scale production of a MK7 rich fermented food supplement. This process eliminates the expensive organic solvent extraction used to purify MK7, which is unlikely to be economical for animal vitamin production. Static and dynamic SSF for MK7 production were scaled up after initial screening studies. A novel, custom made concentric Rotating Drum Bioreactor (RDB) (3 kg) and packed bed fermenter (4 kg) were designed in house and fabricated for large scale studies. By using the scaled up RDB and packed bed reactor, MK7 production was scaled up from 10 g in bench scale to 4 kg. Mathematical models derived for the prediction of process variables will be important tools in the design and optimization of performance of large scale SSF bioreactors. This study contributed appreciably to the understanding of the operation of RDBs and packed bed for MK7 production in SSF which are critical for further development of industrial level MK7 production.
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Zhuang, Jun. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY CLOSTRIDIUM THERMOCELLUM IN SOLID STATE AND SUBMERGED FERMENTATION." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/170.
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Dependence on foreign oil remains a serious issue for the U.S. economy. Additionally, automobile emissions related to petroleum-based, fossil fuel has been cited as one source of environmental problems, such as global warming and reduced air quality. Using agricultural and forest biomass as a source for the biofuel ethanol industry, provides a partial solution by displacing some fossil fuels. However, the use of high cost enzymes as an input is a significant limitation for ethanol production.Economic analyses of cellulase enzyme production costs using solid state cultivation (SSC) are performed and compared to the traditional submerged fermentation (SmF) method. Results from this study indicate that the unit costs for the cellulase enzyme production are $15.67 per kilogram ($/kg) and $40.36/kg, for the SSC and SmF methods, respectively, while the market price for the cellulase enzyme is $36.00/kg. Profitability analysis and sensitivity analysis also provide positive results.Since these results indicate that the SSC method is economical, ethanol production costs may be reduced, with the potential to make ethanol a viable supplemental fuel source in light of current political, economic and environmental issues.
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Jiménez, Peñalver Pedro. "Sophorolipids production by solid-state fermentation: from lab-scale to pilot plant." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458652.
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En aquest treball es proposa una tecnologia alternativa per a la producció de soforolípids (SLs), un tipus de biosurfactant, presentats com a alternativa als surfactants produïts químicament degut a la seva major eficiència i millor perfil mediambiental. En aquest treball s'han dut a terme dues estratègies per a millorar la relació de cost-eficiència dels SLs respecte als surfactants produïts químicament, que és el que determina la seva viabilitat econòmica. Ambdues estratègies estan basades en la producció de SLs mitjançant la fermentació en estat sòlid.
La primera estratègia va consistir en el ús d’un residu de winterització (RW) amb l'objectiu de disminuir el preu dels substrats i, per tant, el cost final de producció dels SLs. Es va utilitzar melassa de sucre com a co-substrat i palla de blat com a suport inert. El procés va ser optimitzat en base al rati de substrats, la velocitat d’aeració i a la mida de l’inòcul a escala de 100-g, obtenint-se un rendiment de 0.261 g per g de substrat al dia 10. El procés optimitzat, va ser escalat satisfactòriament a un bioreactor de llit fix de 40-L, però posteriorment, es van observar problemes associats amb l'eliminació de calor durant l'escalat a un bioreactor de 100-L amb barreja intermitent. L'estructura química i les propietats interfacials de la barreja natural del SLs produït a partir del RW es va estudiar durant una estança al Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (NY, USA).
La segona estratègia consistí en l'ús de àcid esteàric (C18:0) per a l'obtenció de SLs amb una estructura específica que millori les propietats fisicoquímiques de la barreja natural de SLs i, per tant, la seva eficiència. Es va utilitzar melassa de sucre com a co-substrat i escuma de poliuretà com a suport inert. L'efecte de la densitat de l'escuma de poliuretà i la capacitat de retenció hídrica van ser avaluades i el procés va ser optimitzat en base al rati de substrats e inòcul, obtenint-se un rendiment final de 0.211 g de SLs per g de substrat. Els SLs produïts contenien elevades quantitats de SLs C18:0.
Es van observar correlacions significatives entre el rendiment de SLs i l’oxigen consumit (COA). Això suggereix que el COA pot ser utilitzat com a mesura indirecta de la producció de SLs per a la monitorització en línea de processos de FES.
Aquesta tesi representa el començament d'una nova línia d'investigació centrada en la producció de SLs per FES en el Grup de Investigació en Compostatge (GICOM) del Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.En este trabajo se propone una tecnología alternativa para producir soforolípidos (SLs), un tipo de biosurfactante, presentados como alternativa a los surfactantes producidos químicamente debido a su mayor eficiencia y mejor perfil medioambiental. En este trabajo se han explorado dos estrategias para mejorar la relación coste-eficiencia de los SLs respecto a los surfactantes producidos químicamente, que es lo que determina su viabilidad económica. Ambas estrategias están basadas en la producción de SLs mediante la fermentación en estado sólido (FES) de Starmerella bombicola. La primera estrategia consistió en el uso de un residuo de winterización (RW) con el fin de disminuir el precio de los sustratos. Se utilizó melaza de azúcar como co-sustrato y paja de trigo como soporte inerte. El proceso fue optimizado en base a la ratio de sustratos, la velocidad de aireación y el tamaño del inóculo a escala de 100-g obteniendo un rendimiento de 0.261 g de SLs por g de sustrato a día 10. El proceso fue escalado satisfactoriamente a un biorreactor de lecho fijo de 40-L, pero se observaron problemas asociados con la eliminación del calor durante el escalado a un biorreactor de 100-L. Los SLs producidos a partir del RW fueron caracterizados durante una estancia en el Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) en NY, EEUU. La segunda estrategia consistió en el uso de ácido esteárico (C18:0) para obtener SLs con una estructura específica que mejore las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la mezcla natural de SLs y, por tanto, su eficiencia. Se utilizó melaza de azúcar como co-sustrato y espuma de poliuretano como soporte inerte. Se evaluó el efecto de la densidad de la espuma de poliuretano y la capacidad de retención hídrica y el proceso fue optimizado en base a la ratio de sustratos e inóculo obteniendo un rendimiento final de 0.211 g de SLs por g de sustrato. Los SLs producidos presentaron contenidos elevados de SLs diacetilados C18:0 acídico y lactónico. Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre el rendimiento de SLs y el oxígeno consumido (COA). Esto sugiere que el COA puede ser usado como medida indirecta de la producción de SLs para la monitorización on-line de procesos de FES. Esta tesis representa el comienzo de una nueva línea de investigación centrada en la producción de SLs por FES en el Grupo de Investigación en Compostaje (GICOM) del Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biológica y Ambiental de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
This work proposes a potential alternative approach to produce sophorolipids (SLs), a type of biosurfactant, which are presented as an alternative to chemically-produced surfactants due to their higher efficiency and better environmental compatibility. Two strategies have been performed in this work to increase their cost-performance relative to petroleum based surfactants, which determines their commercial viability. Both are based in the production of SLs by the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of solid hydrophobic substrates by the yeast Starmerella bombicola. The first strategy was to use winterization oil cake (WOC), an oil cake that comes from the oil refining industry, to decrease the price of the substrates and, therefore, the final production costs of SLs. Sugar-beet molasses was used as co-substrate and wheat straw was chosen as inert support. The process was optimized in terms of substrates ratio, aeration rate and inoculum size at 0.5-L scale to obtain a yield of 0.261 g of SLs per g of substrate at day 10. The optimized process was successfully scale-up to a 40-L packed-bed bioreactor but problems associated with heat removal were found during the scale-up to a 100-L intermittently-mixed bioreactor. The chemical structure and interfacial properties of the SL natural mixture produced from the WOC were studied during a research stay at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in NY, USA. The second strategy consisted in the use of stearic acid (C18:0) to obtain SLs with a specific structure that improves the physicochemical properties of the SL natural mixture and, therefore, their performance. Sugar-beet molasses was used as co-substrate and polyurethane foam (PUF) functioned as inert support. The effect of PUF density and water holding capacity was assessed and the process was optimized in terms of substrate and inoculum ratio to obtain a final yield of 0.211 g of SLs per g of substrate. SLs produced herein had high contents of diacetylated acidic and lactonic C18:0 SLs. There were significant correlations between the SL yield and the oxygen consumed (COC). This suggests that the respiration parameter COC, can be used as an indirect measurement of the production of SLs for the on-line monitoring of SSF processes. This thesis represents the beginning of a new research line focused on the production of SLs by SSF in the Composting Research Group (GICOM) at the Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
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Nair, Vipinachandran. "Reduction of phytic acid content in canola meal by solid state fermentation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5919.
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Solid state fermentation of canola meal has been carried out for the reduction of its phytic acid content. Several microorganisms were surveyed for this purpose. The phytic acid content of canola meal was reduced by 26%, 60% and 66% using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 2990 and Aspergillus niger NRC 401121 respectively after 120 hours of fermentation. Aspergillus ficuum NRRL 3135 was found to be the best for the reduction of phytic acid content. For this reason, this microorganism was studied more extensively. In the study of the phytase (EC 3.1.3.8) from Aspergillus ficuum NRRL 3135, it was found that the production of the enzyme in a submerged batch process was inhibited by high concentrations of glucose. The inhibition was overcome by applying a fed batch technique in the production of the enzyme. Tests carried out at different oxygen concentrations revealed that aeration had a beneficial effect on the production of the enzyme. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Lever, Mitchell. "Cellulose to ethanol conversion with on-site cellulase production using solid-state fermentation." Thesis, Lever, Mitchell (2009) Cellulose to ethanol conversion with on-site cellulase production using solid-state fermentation. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/32795/.
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The economics and environmental sustainability of enzymatic lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion processes are adversely affected by the use of purchased cellulase preparations. Commercial cellulase preparations lack the microorganisms that produce them and thus cannot be cultured on-site, resulting in a significant ongoing expense. Commercial cellulase production is energy intensive and a significant contributor to the overall environmental impact of the cellulose to ethanol conversion process...
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Góes, Ana Paula. "The effects of surfactants on the solid substrate fermentation of potato starch." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0021/NQ50175.pdf.
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Tiburcio, Patrick Barros. "Solid-state fermentation of Theobroma cacao pod husk using Rhizopus stoloniffer - prospection of biomolecules." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/47938.
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Orientadora : Profa. Dra. Adriane Bianchi Pedroni MedeirosCoorientador : Prof. Dr. Luiz Alberto Junior Letti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 04/04/2017
Inclui referências : f.53-58
Resumo: O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar de forma inédita o cultivo do fungo filamentoso Rhizopus stolonifer em fermentação no estado sólido em cascas do fruto de cacau (Theobroma cacao) obtidas do estado do Pará, região norte do Brasil. Na primeira etapa foi selecionada a cepa Rhizopus stolonifer NRRL 28169 de acordo com sua capacidade de produzir moléculas com atividade antioxidante e de colonizar a casca de cacau sem nenhum suplemento nutricional. Na sequência foi realizado um estudo que determinou o método de extração de compostos com capacidade antioxidante de forma prática e econômica utilizando uma solução de etanol em 50% (v/v). A casca de cacau já possui um enorme potencial biotecnológico, com inúmeros biocompostos apresentados pelas análises de cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa. O processo de fermentação em estado sólido nos permite observar uma mudança na composição presente casca, gerando novas moléculas bioativas com potencial antioxidante, chegando a 7,09 ± 0,05 ?M de equivalência em Trolox no teste DPPH e 5,170 ± 0,035 x 104 ?M de equivalência em Trolox no teste ORAC. O aumento na concentração dos compostos fenólicos durante a fermentação fica evidenciado pela quantificação de fenóis totais alcançando um concentração de 114,40 mg em equivalência de ácido gálico. Palavras-chave: Casca de cacau; Rhizopus; Fermentação em estado sólido; Atividade antioxidante; Ácido cinâmico.
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to evaluate in an unprecedented way the cultivation of the filamentous fungus Rhizopus stolonifer in solid state fermentation in the cocoa pod husk from Theobroma cacao obtained from the state of Pará, northern region of Brazil. In the first step of this study the strain Rhizopus stolonifer NRRL 28169 was selected according to its capacity to produce molecules with antioxidant activity and to colonize the cocoa pod husk without any nutritional supplementation. Consequently, a study was carried out to determine the extraction method of compounds with antioxidant capacity in a practical, economical and manageable using a 50% (v / v) ethanol solution. The cocoa pod husk already has an enormous biotechnological potential, with numerous biocomposites presented by GC-MS and HPLC. The solid-state fermentation process allows us to observe a change in the present composition of cocoa pod husk, generating new bioactive molecules with antioxidant potential, reaching 7.09 ± 0.05 ?M equivalence in Trolox in the DPPH assay and 5.170 ± 0.035 x 104 ?M in Trolox equivalence in the ORAC assay. The increase in the concentration of the phenolic compounds in during the fermentation is evidenced by the quantification of total phenols reaching a concentration of 114.40 mg in gallic acid equivalence in TPC assay. Keywords: Cocoa pod husk; Rhizopus; Solid-state fermentation; Antioxidant activity; Cinnamic acid.
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Dal?lio, Felipe Santos. "Frangos de corte submetidos ?s dietas contendo complexo enzim?tico SSF (solid state fermentation)." UFVJM, 2014. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/317.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
A inclus?o de enzimas em dietas ? base de milho e farelo de soja pode melhorar o desempenho produtivo dos frangos de corte. O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclus?o de diferentes n?veis de um complexo enzim?tico composto por fitase, protease, xilanase, ? ? glucanase, celulase, amilase e pectinase, em dietas ? base de milho e farelo de soja, sobre os par?metros de desempenho, rendimento de carca?a e partes e qualidade da carne de frangos de corte. Foram utilizadas 600 aves, de um dia de idade, f?meas, da linhagem Cobb 500, distribu?das segundo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco n?veis de inclus?o de complexo enzim?tico (0.000; 0.100; 0.200; 0.300 e 0.400 kg/ton), e seis repeti??es de 20 aves cada. Foram avaliados, em cada fase (1-21, 1-35, 1-42), o ganho de peso, a convers?o alimentar e o consumo de ra??o. O rendimento de carca?a e partes foi avaliado aos 35 e 42 dias de idade e a qualidade da carne foi avaliada nos mesmos per?odos, sobre as caracter?sticas de perda de peso por cozimento (PPC), maciez objetiva (MO), capacidade de reten??o de ?gua (CRA), pH, luminosidade (L*) e cor (a* e b*). N?o foi observado efeito significativo (P?0,05) para os par?metros de desempenho aos 21, 35 e 42 dias de idade. N?o foi observado efeito significativo (P?0,05) para rendimento de carca?a e cortes e para a qualidade de carne aos 35 e 42 dias de idade. A inclus?o de diferentes n?veis de complexo enzim?tico SSF n?o afeta o desempenho, rendimento de carca?a e partes e a qualidade da carne dos frangos de corte.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014.
ABSTRACT The inclusion of enzymes in diets based on corn and soybean meal can improve the productive performance of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different levels of an enzyme complex consisting of phytase, protease, xylanase, ? - glucanase, cellulase, amylase and pectinase in diets based on corn and soybean meal on performance parameters, carcass yield and parts and meat quality of broilers chickens. There were used 600 birds, one-day-old, females, from the Cobb 500 strain, distributed in a completely randomized design with five inclusion levels of the enzyme complex (0.000, 0.100, 0.200, 0.300 and 0.400 kg/ton) and six replicates of 20 birds each. At each stage (1-21, 1-35, 1-42) were evaluated weight gain, feed conversion and feed intake. The yield of carcass and parties was evaluated at 35 and 42 days of age and quality of the meat was evaluated in the same periods on the characteristics of weight loss by cooking (PPC), objective tenderness (MO), retention capacity water (CRA), pH, lightness (L *) and color (a * and b *). No significant effect (P ? 0.05) was observed for the performance parameters of 21, 35 and 42 days of age. No significant effect (P ? 0.05) was observed for carcass yield and cuts and meat quality at 35 and 42 days of age. The inclusion of different levels of the enzyme complex SSF does not affect performance, yield of carcass and parts and the meat quality of broiler chickens.
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Tse, K. Y. K. "Solid-state fermentation : the growth of micro-organisms on defined solid matrix and use of non-invasive monitoring methods." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639264.
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The aim of this project was to investigate some of the problems of solid-state fermentation. This technology is currently of limited use because of the complexity of traditional raw materials which make up the fermenting matrix and the inability to measure and control the fermentations. A novel, general purpose, cellulose based defined medium consisting of a liquid growth medium (75% w/w) absorbed onto a purified cellulose powder gave good growth of Asperigillus niger (IMI 17809) and Rhizopus oligosporus (IMI 205108), in a forced-aerated packed bed column fermenter. The defined medium allowed the monitoring of the fermentation by direct analysis of the matrix including substrate consumption, growth, and end product formation. Indirect monitoring of growth and activity was also performed by measurement of carbon dioxide production rate and by observing the changes in mixing and bed characteristics of the fermenter by gas tracer methods. Experiments were performed to determine the influence of temperature, inoculum size and substrate concentration on the growth and activity of A. niger. Using R. oligosporus, studies were made to compare its growth characterics with those of A. niger. The experimental data were analysed to determine correlations between microbial growth and activity with the consumption and production of materials. Only CO2 production rates correlated well with growth, while substrate consumption and product formation did not. This is in contrast to liquid culture experiments with these organisms, where substrate uptake was related to growth. Microbial activity in the matrix could also be correlated to physical changes of the bed, as indicated by the tracer responses. The nature of the matrix (e.g. packing density) was an important consideration when applying the technique.
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Davidson, Colin Alexander Bennett. "A biotechnological approach to the total utilisation of crustacean shell waste." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342031.
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Abraham, Juliana. "Production of proteases from industrial wastes through solid-state fermentation at different scales. Potential applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285104.
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En aquest treball es proposa un procés biotecnològic respectuós del medi ambient per reduir
l'impacte negatiu de l'augment dels residus industrials, a causa de l'acceleració del creixement de
la població mundial en les últimes dècades. Consisteix en la valorització de residus locals riques
en nitrogen, com la fibra de soja, els residus de pel i closca de cafè, per fermentació en estat sòlid
(SSF) per obtenir un catalitzador biològic, com ara proteases. Es van dur a terme experiments de
SSF en 0,5, 4,5, 10 i 55 L reactors en condicions adiabàtiques al llarg dels 1, 2 i 3 setmanes. Es
va proporcionar ventilació contínua per assegurar la prevalença de condicions aeròbiques i
l'activitat biològica es va mesurar mitjançant el control de la concentració d'oxigen durant
l'assaig. Es van produir proteases alcalines com a conseqüència de la degradació d'aquests
materials, abans considerats residus, pels microorganismes desenvolupats. No va ser necessari
esterilitzar els materials ni la inoculació de microorganismes purs per al desenvolupament del
procés. No obstant això, una inoculació específic amb Bacillus thuringiensis es va avaluar també
per millorar la producció de proteasa. D'altra banda, el material orgànic final obtingut en el
procés presentar un grau d'estabilitat similar a la de compost i podria ser utilitzat com una esmena
del sòl. En conseqüència, dirigint-se a la SSF en aquestes condicions, l'escalat del procés es
presenta com una tasca fàcil amb resultats prometedors.
La major activitat de les proteases alcalines en extractes crus es va determinar a 3, 7 o 14 dies
del procés d'acord amb la naturalesa dels recursos assajats. També es va dur a terme una
caracterització bioquímica parcial dels extractes crus. L'aplicació potencial de les proteases
extretes s'ha estudiat amb èxit en depilat de pells de vaca, el que representa un avantatge
significatiu sobre el procés químic. A més, un estudi preliminar sobre la síntesi cinèticament
controlat de oligopèptids s'ha realitzat en una estada de recerca en un laboratori a l'estranger als
Estats Units.
A més, les emissions gasoses, així com l'energia consumida al llarg del procés es van avaluar
per estimar la sostenibilitat econòmica i mediambiental del procés.
Aquesta tesi representa el començament d'una nova línia de recerca en el Grup de Recerca de
Compostatge al Deparment d'Enginyeria Química de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
sobre l'ús de SSF amb materials orgànics utilitzats com una eina adequada per valoritzar-los i
generar nous productes com enzims d'alt valor afegit.En este Trabajo se propone un proceso biotecnológico respetuoso con el medio ambiente para reducir el impacto negativo del aumento de los residuos industriales, debido a la aceleración del crecimiento de la población mundial en las últimas décadas. Consiste en la valorización de residuos locales ricos en nitrógeno, como la fibra de soja, residuos de pelo y cáscara de café, por fermentación en estado sólido (SSF) para obtener catalizadores biológicos, tales como proteasas. Se llevaron a cabo experimentos de SSF en 0,5, 4,5, 10 y 55 L en reactores en condiciones adiabáticas a lo largo 1, 2 y 3 semanas. Se proporcionó aireación continua para asegurar la prevalencia de condiciones aeróbicas y la actividad biológica se midió mediante el control de la concentración de oxígeno durante el ensayo. Como consecuencia de la degradación de estos materiales, antes considerados residuos, por los microrganismos desarrollados se produjeron proteasas alcalinas. No fue necesario esterilizar los materiales como tampoco la inoculación de microorganismos puros para el desarrollo del proceso. Sin embargo, se evaluó también la inoculación con Bacillus thuringiensis para mejorar la producción de proteasas. Por otra parte, el material orgánico final obtenido en el proceso presentó un grado de estabilidad similar a la de compost pudiendo ser utilizado como una enmienda del suelo. En consecuencia, llevando a cabo la SSF en estas condiciones, el escalado del proceso se presenta como una tarea fácil con resultados prometedores. La mayor actividad de las proteasas alcalinas en extractos crudos se determinó a 3, 7 o 14 días del proceso de acuerdo con la naturaleza de los residuos usados. También se llevó a cabo una caracterización bioquímica parcial de los extractos crudos. La aplicación potencial de las proteasas extraídas se ha estudiado con éxito en el depilado de pieles de vaca, lo que representa una ventaja significativa sobre el proceso químico. Además, un estudio preliminar sobre la síntesis controlada cinéticamente de oligopéptidos se ha realizado en una estancia de investigación en un laboratorio en los Estados Unidos (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute). Por otro lado, se evaluaron las emisiones gaseosas así como la energía consumida a lo largo del proceso para estimar la sostenibilidad económica y medioambiental del proceso. Esta tesis representa el comienzo de una nueva línea de investigación en el Grupo de Investigación de Compostaje en el Deparment de Ingeniería Química de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona sobre el uso de SSF con materiales orgánicos como una herramienta adecuada para valorizarlos asi como también se generan nuevos productos como enzimas de alto valor.
An environmental-friendly biotechnological process is proposed in this work to reduce the negative impact of the increasing industrial residues due to the faster growth of the world population in the last decades. It consists on the valorization of nitrogen-rich local residues, such as soy fiber, hair waste and coffee husk, by solid-state fermentation (SSF) to obtain a biological catalyst such as proteases. SSF experiments were undertaken in 0.5, 4.5, 10 and 55 L near-toadiabatic reactors along 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Continuous aeration was provided to ensure the prevalence of aerobic conditions and the biological activity was measured by monitoring the oxygen concentration during the assay. Alkaline proteases were produced as a consequence of the degradation of these materials, formerly considered residues, by the microorganisms developed. It was no necessary to sterilize the materials and no inoculation of pure microorganisms was needed for the development of the process. However, a specific inoculation with Bacillus thuringiensis was also evaluated to improve the protease production. Moreover, the final organic material obtained in the process presented a stability degree similar to that of compost and could be used as a soil amendment. Consequently, addressing the SSF under these conditions, the scaleup of the process is presented as an easy one with promising results. The highest activity of the alkaline proteases in crude extracts was determined at 3, 7 or 14 days of the process according to the nature of the resources assayed. Partial biochemical characterization of the crude extracts was also carried out. Potential application of the extracted proteases has been successfully studied on dehairing cowhides, representing a significant advantage over the chemical process. Also, a preliminary study on kinetically controlled synthesis of oligopeptides has been performed in a research stay at an abroad laboratory in The United States. Furthermore, the gaseous emissions as well as the energy consumed along the process were evaluated to estimate the environmental and economic sustainability of the process. This thesis represents the beginning of a new research line in the Composting Research Group (GICOM) at the Deparment of Chemical Engineering of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona on the use of SSF with organic used materials as a suitable tool to valorize them while generating new products as enzymes of high value.
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Hoskins, Brian James. "Solid-state fermentation to improve the value of distillers grains and other agro-industrial residues." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2194.
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Jacobs, Annali. "The production of the highly unsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid by fungal solid state fermentation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4500.
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Thesis (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Long chain omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are essential for the regulation of critical biological functions in humans and other mammals. Fish oil as the main dietary source of EPA holds several disadvantages and alternative sources and production processes such as microbial fermentation are increasingly being investigated. Therefore the aim of the first part of this study was to evaluate brewers’ spent grain (BSG) as substrate for the production of EPA by solid state fermentation with 29 fungal strains representing different Mortierella species. The effect of a 10% (w/w) linseed oil (LSO) supplement on EPA production was also studied. Consequently, fungal inoculated BSG was incubated at 22oC for three days to obtain optimal fungal growth, before the incubation temperature was lowered to 16oC for the following eight days. Cultures were then harvested and dried, followed by lipid extraction and analyses using gas chromatography. All the strains were found to produce EPA on BSG, while addition of the LSO improved the EPA yield of most strains. The strains which produced the highest levels of EPA on BSG supplemented with LSO were Mortierella antarctica Mo 67 and Mortierella epicladia Mo 101, which respectively produced 2.8 mg and 2.5 mg EPA per g of BSG. During the second part of the study eight Mortierella strains were used to study EPA production via solid state fermentation of sunflower press cake (SPC). Similar culture conditions and analytical methods were used as in the first part of the study. The effect of supplementing the SPC substrate with 10% (w/w) LSO was studied with regard to the supplement’s impact on EPA production and on the highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) profile of the fermented substrate. Addition of LSO improved EPA yield of most strains on SPC, leading to a reduction in the average arachidonic acid (ARA):EPA ratio from 50.68 to 3.66. The ratio of HUFA to saturated and monoenoic fatty acids, was increased significantly (t=5.75, p=0.05) by the addition of LSO, with higher desaturation levels among the 20-carbon fatty acids. Addition of LSO also had a positive effect (r = 0.9291, p = 0.001) on the relative amount of long chain fatty acids (C≥20) produced. The strains which produced the highest levels of EPA on SPC supplemented with LSO were Mortierella alpina Mo 46 and Mortierella basiparvispora Mo 88, which produced 6.4 mg and 5.8 mg EPA per g of sunflower press cake, respectively. Fungi belonging to the genus Mortierella successfully converted LSO supplemented agro-processing wastes, such as BSG and SPC, to materials containing EPA, thereby adding value to these substrates. These EPA-enriched waste substrates could eventually find applications as animal or fish feed or as a source of EPA and other HUFA for the growing omega-3 market in the neutraceutical and therapeutics industry.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Langketting omega-3 vetsure soos eikosapentaenoë suur (EPS) is noodsaaklik vir die regulasie van kritiese biologiese funksies in mense en ander soogdiere. Visolie, die mees belangrike EPS-bron in die dieet, hou verskeie nadele in en alternatiewe bronne sowel as produksie-prosesse, soos mikrobiologiese fermentasie, word dus toenemend ondersoek. Die doel van die eerste gedeelte van hierdie studie was dus om gebruikte brouersgraan (GBG) te ëvalueer as ‘n substraat vir die produksie van EPS deur soliede staat fermentasie met 29 fungus isolate wat verskillende Mortierella spesies verteenwoordig. Die uitwerking van byvoeging van 10% (m/m) lynsaadolie (LSO) op EPS-produksie is ook bepaal. Gevolglik is fungus-geïnokuleerde GBG vir drie dae by 22oC geïnkubeer om optimale fungusgroei te verkry, waarna die inkubasie temperatuur verlaag is na 16oC vir die volgende agt dae. Kulture is hierna ge-oes en gedroog, gevolg deur lipied ekstraksie en analise met behulp van gaschromatografie. Al die isolate het EPS geproduseer op die GBG substraat, terwyl byvoeging van LSO die EPS-opbrengs van die meeste isolate verbeter het. Die isolate wat die hoogste vlakke van EPS op GBG wat met LSO verryk is, geproduseer het, was Mortierella antarctica Mo 67 en Mortierella epicladia Mo 101, wat onderskeidelik 2.8 mg en 2.5 mg EPS per g GBG geproduseer het. Tydens die tweede gedeelte van die studie is agt Mortierella isolate gebruik om die produksie van EPS deur soliede staat fermentasie van sonneblom perskoek (SPK) te ondersoek. Kultuurtoestande en analitiese metodes soortgelyk aan die eerste gedeelte van die studie is gebruik. Die uitwerking van byvoeging van 10% LSO tot die SPK substraat is ondersoek met betrekking tot die impak van die byvoeging op EPS produksie asook op die profiel van hoogs onversadigde vetsure (HOVS) van die gefermenteerde substraat. Die byvoeging van LSO tot SPK het die EPS opbrengs van meeste isolate verbeter en het tot ‘n verlaging in die gemiddelde arachidoonsuur (ARS):EPS verhouding vanaf 50.69 tot 3.66 gelei. Die verhouding van HOVS tot versadigde en mono-onversadigde vetsure, is betekenisvol (t=5.75, p=0.05) verhoog deur die byvoeging van LSO, met hoër vlakke van onversadigheid onder die 20-koolstof vetsure. Byvoeging van LSO het ook ‘n positiewe uitwerking (r = 0.9291, p = 0.001) op die relatiewe aantal langketting vetsure (C≥20) gehad. Die isolate wat die hoogste vlakke van EPS geproduseer het op LSO-verrykte SPK, was Mortierella alpina Mo 46 en Mortierella basiparvispora Mo 88, wat onderskeidelik 6.4 mg en 5.8 mg EPS per g SPK geproduseer het. Fungi wat aan die genus Mortierella behoort, het LSO-verrykte agroprosesserings afvalprodukte, soos GBG en SPK, suksesvol omgeskakel na materiale wat EPS bevat, en sodoende waarde toegevoeg aan hierdie substrate. Die EPS-verrykte afvalsubstrate kan uiteindelik toepassings vind as diere- of visvoer of as bron van EPS of ander HOVS vir die groeiende omega-3 mark in die neutraseutiese en terapeutiese industrie.
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Van, de Lagemaat Juergen. "The development of a continuous solid-state fermentation process for the production of fungal tannase." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369739.
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Peterek, Miroslav. "Využití odpadního papíru na mikrobiální produkci celuláz." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216832.
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Study of the employment of waste paper to microbial production of cellulase was carried out using Aspergillus niger cultivation on carbon sources that have been waste office paper and cardboard, humidified by no – carbon medium or distiled water. Cultivation took place in the SSF way in Erlenmeyer flasks and columns. Concentration of extracellular proteins, cellulase and protease activity for selected samples were monitored. It was found that the most advantageous method of cultivation in terms of cellulase activity production is the cultivation in the column washing by no – carbon medium in three day intervals.
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Martins, Eduardo da Silva. "Purificação e caracterização bioquímica de poligalacturonases termoestáveis produzidas pelo fungo Thermoascus aurantiacus através de fermentação submersa e fermentação em estado sólido /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103964.
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Orientador: Eleni GomesBanca: Adalbeto Pessoa Júnior
Banca: Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
Banca: Márcia Regina Brochetto Braga
Banca: Gustavo Orlando Bonilla Rodriguez
Resumo: Pectinases termoestáveis apresentam características interessantes do ponto de vista da sua aplicação industrial, como alta estabilidade ao pH e à temperatura. Além disso, o tipo de processo fermentativo pode influenciar a produção e propriedades físico-químicas destas enzimas. A produção de poligalacturonase (PG) pelo fungo Thermoascus aurantiacus foi realizada em fermentação submersa (FSM) e em estado sólido (FES), usando substratos contendo pectina comercial ou subprodutos agro- industriais como fonte de carbono. A PG bruta obtida em FES apresentou atividade ótima a 65ºC e pH 5,0, com estabilidade na faixa de pH entre 4,0 e 5,0 e entre 7,5 e 8,5 e manteve 85% da atividade original quando incubada a 60ºC, por 1 hora. Em FSM, o melhor meio de cultivo foi a água amarela, com pH inicial de 5,5, após 5 dias de cultivo a 45ºC. A enzima em sua forma bruta apresentou temperatura ótima de 60ºC e pH ótimo de 5,0, maior estabilidade em pH ácido (3,0 a 4,5) e menor termoestabilidade, quando comparada com a obtida em FES, mantendo apenas 13% da atividade original quando incubada a 60ºC, por 1 hora. As enzimas foram purificadas utilizando-se cromatografias de filtração em gel e troca iônica. A PG purificada proveniente da FSM apresentou pH e temperatura ótimos de 5,5 e 60-65ºC, estabilidade em pH 5,0-5,5 e manteve, após 1 hora de incubação, 100% da atividade original até 50ºC. Resultados similares foram obtidos para a PG proveniente da FES. A PG de FES apresentou massa molar de 29,3 kDa, Km de 1,58 mg/mL e Vmáx de 1553,1 ? mol/min/mg, enquanto que a da FSM apresentou massa molar de 30,1 kDa, km de 1,46 mg/mL e Vmáx de 2433,3 ? mol/min/mg. Íons como Fe+3, Ca+2, e K+ praticamente não afetaram a atividade da enzima... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Thermostable pectinases present important characteristics under the view of their industrial application, as their high stability to pH and temperature. Besides, the type of fermentative process used can affect the ir production and physical-chemical properties. The polygalacturonase (PG) production by the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus was carried out by submerged fermentation (SMF) and solid state fermentation (SSF) using substrates containing commercial pectin or agro- industrial residues as carbon sources. The crude PG from SSF presented optimum activity at 65ºC and pH 5.0, with stability at pH 4.0-5.0 and 7.5-8.5 and maintained 85% of its original activity at 60º C for 1 hour. In SMF the best cultivation medium was the liquid waste from juice extraction, with initial pH of 5.5, after 5 days of cultivation at 45ºC. The crude enzyme showed an optimum activity at 60ºC and pH 5.0, higher stability in acid ic pH (3.0 to 4.5) and was less thermostable when compared to that obtained in SSF, wich maintained only 13% of its original activity at 60ºC, for 1 hour. Purification of enzymes was carried out using filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies. The purified PG, from SMF, showed optimum pH and temperature of 5.5 and 60-65ºC, stability at pH 5.0-5.5 and preserved, after 1 hour incubation, 100% of its original activity at 50ºC. Similar results were obtained to PG from SSF. The PG obtained by SSF presented molar mass of 29.3 kDa, Km of 1.58 mg/ml and Vmáx of 1553.1 ? mol/min/mg, while that the enzyme from SMF presented molar mass of 30.1 kDa, km of 1.46 mg/ml and Vmáx of 2433.3 ? mol/min/mg. Ions such as Fe3+, Ca2+ and K+ practically did not affect the enzyme activity, while Mg2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ decreased 7%, 75% and 50%... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Doutor
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Jackson, Lauren W., and Barry M. Pryor. "Degradation of aflatoxin B1 from naturally contaminated maize using the edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625197.
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Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic secondary metabolites that can contaminate approximately 25% of crops and that cause or exacerbate multiple adverse health conditions, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and South and Southeast Asia. Regulation and decontamination of aflatoxins in high exposure areas is lacking. Biological detoxification methods are promising because they are assumed to be cheaper and more environmentally friendly compared to chemical alternatives. White-rot fungi produce non-specific enzymes that are known to degrade aflatoxin in in situ and ex situ experiments. The aims of this study were to (1) decontaminate aflatoxin-B-1-(AFB(1)) in naturally contaminated maize with the edible, white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) using a solid-state fermentation system that followed standard cultivation techniques, and to (2) and to assess the risk of mutagenicity in the resulting breakdown products and mushrooms. Vegetative growth and yield characteristics of P. ostreatus were not inhibited by the presence of-AFB(1).-AFB(1) was degraded by up to 94% by the Blue strain. No aflatoxin could be detected in P. ostreatus mushrooms produced from-AFB(1)-contaminated maize. Moreover, the mutagenicity of breakdown products from the maize substrate, and reversion of breakdown products to the parent compound, were minimal. These results suggest that P. ostreatus significantly degrades-AFB(1) in naturally contaminated maize under standard cultivation techniques to levels that are acceptable for some livestock fodder, and that using P. ostreatus to bioconvert crops into mushrooms can reduce-AFB(1)-related losses.
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Cerda, Llanos Alejandra Patricia. "Sustainable carbohydrase production using organic wastes through solid-state fermentation: operational strategies and microbial communities assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403802.
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De acuerdo con la línea de investigación de fermentación en estado sólido (FES) que actualmente se desarrolla en el grupo de investigación de compostaje (GICOM) el objetivo principal de esta tesis es desarrollar un proceso sustentable y a una escala representativa para la producción de celulasas utilizando residuos orgánicos. Con el fin de lograr este objetivo se analizaron diferentes residuos orgánicos y su potencial para la producción de celulasas a escala de laboratorio. Además, se utilizó compost como inoculo mixto, con el objetivo de incorporar el matriz sólida microorganismos capaces de degradar material lignocelulósicos. Luego de la selección de los mejores substratos en reactores de 0.5 L, se llevó a cabo el escalamiento del proceso en reactores de 10 L and 50 L. Todos los experimentos fueron desarrollados en condiciones cercanas a adiabáticas utilizando reactores aislados térmicamente. Durante el desarrollo del proceso, se realizó la monitorización de la actividad biológica reflejada como la velocidad especifica de consumo de oxígeno (sVCO) y temperatura.
El principal desafío a superar cuando se trabaja con FES y residuos orgánicos son, por un lado, el desarrollo de un proceso en continuo y, por otro lado, que el proceso desarrollado sea reproducible y consistente. Ambas temáticas fueron abordadas durante el desarrollo de la tesis.
Un primer acercamiento a un proceso en continuo se desarrolló para la producción de amilasas utilizando fibra de soja y residuos de pan como substrato y Thermomyces sp como inoculo. Se evaluaron tres estrategias de operación en reactores secuenciales, retirando del reactor una parte del sólido fermentado en el momento de: máxima sVCO y máxima actividad de amilasas. En esta última se evaluó la reinoculación con y sin extracción enzimática. En todas las estrategias se obtuvo un incremento por sobre el 200%.
Debido al éxito de la operación en continuo para la producción de amilasas, se desarrolló un proceso similar para la producción de celulasas utilizando las condiciones operacionales desarrolladas a escala laboratorio. Inicialmente se consideró la incorporación de compost como inóculo (10%) y cascarilla de café como substrato (90%). Después de conseguir el máximo de actividad de celulasas, el sistema se continuó operando en ciclos, substrayendo una cantidad determinada de material y reemplazándolo por substrato fresco. Se trabajó con tasas de intercambio de 50% y 90%. Finalmente se pudo desarrollar exitosamente un proceso en continuo para la producción de celulasas, logrando producciones sostenidas en el tiempo entre 8-9 unidades de actividad por gramos de materia seca. Adicionalmente, se caracterizó el sólido fermentado obtenido al final de la fermentación con la finalidad de identificar las poblaciones microbianas presentes. En este sólido se identificaron una amplia gama de bacterias y hongos capaces de degradar material lignocelulósico, por lo que se catalogó como un inóculo especializado que podría ser utilizado con la finalidad de desarrollar un proceso reproducible; sin necesidad de la adición continua de nuevo inóculo.
Finalmente, se evaluaron a escala piloto (50 L) la reproducibilidad y consistencia del proceso utilizando el inóculo especializado y cascarilla de café como substrato en triplicados. Adicionalmente, se analizaron las emisiones gaseosas generadas durante el proceso con la finalidad de determinar los posibles requerimientos de una unidad de tratamiento de gases. Los resultados obtenidos en estos experimentos mostraron que tanto la dinámica del proceso como la producción enzimática fueron consistentes y robustas. Además, el proceso puede ser catalogado como amigable con el medioambiente, debido a la valorización de residuos orgánicos, así como también debido a los bajos factores de emisión generados por el sistema.According to the solid-state fermentation (SSF) research line of the composting research group GICOM, the main goal of this thesis is to develop a sustainable process for the production of carbohydrases using organic wastes in a representative scale. To achieve this goal, several organic wastes were screened on its potential to produce cellulase at laboratory scale. Also, compost was added as a complex mixture of biomass in order to provide cellulose-degrading microorganisms. After the selection of the two best substrates: orange peels and coffee husk using 0.5 L reactors, the scale up was assessed in 10 and 50 L reactors. All SSF were undertaken in near-adiabatic conditions using thermally isolated reactors with a continuous monitoring of the biological activity reflected as specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR) and temperature. The main challenges to overcome in SSF using organic wastes is on one hand the possibility to work in a continuous configuration and, on the other hand, the reproducibility of the proposed process. These two aspects were assessed in this thesis. A first approach towards a continuous process was carried out for the production of amylase using bread waste and soy fiber as substrate and adding Thermomyces sp as inoculum. Three different strategies were developed in a sequential batch operation by removing part of the substrate in three diffeerent stages of the process: during maximum sOUR, maximum amylase activity and maximum amylase activity with a posterior enzymatic extraction. An increase of above 200% in amylase activity production was obtained in all the assessed strategies. Due to the success of the amylase production in a continuous configuration, the next step was to use the operational conditions obtained at laboratory scale for cellulase production and develop a sequential batch operation in 4.5L reactors. An initial compost addition as inoculum was considered only at the beginning of the fermentation. After reaching the maximum cellulase production the system started working in cycles, removing one part of the substrate and replacing it for fresh substrate. Two substrate exchange ratios were evaluated: 90% and 50%. Using this configuration, a continuous process was carried out, with a continuous production of cellulase and valorization of organic wastes and eliminating the requirement for fresh inoculum in each cycle. The sequential batch operation resulted in the successful production of cellulase with sustained values around 8-9 filter paper units per grams of dry matter in both configurations. In addition. the microbial communities present at the end of this operation was characterized, identifying several cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose degraders. This fermented solid was described as a specialized inoculum able to colonize the solid matrix of the reactor and provides the opportunity to develop a reproducible process. Finally, the reproducibility and consistency of the process was assessed in triplicates in a 50 L reactor using the specialized inoculum and coffee husk as the substrate. In addition the gaseous emissions were measured in order to fully understand the process and to determine the requirement of a gas treatment unit. Results showed that the process in consistent and robust with minor emissions of pollutants.
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Ebune, Anne Ebane. "Production of phytase and reduction of phytic acid content in canola meal by solid state fermentation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10855.
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A static state technique for fermentation was applied using Aspergillus ficuum NRRL 3135 on canola meal for the production of phytase and for the reduction of the phytic acid content in the meal. Aspergillus ficuum was chosen as a result of its high phytase producing capacity. In the study of the effects of physical and nutritional factors on the enzyme production and the phytic acid content reduction, it was found that moisture content was a critical factor and 64% water in the medium was found to be the optimum moisture content for both enzyme production and phytic acid content reduction. Increasing time of homogenization of inoculum up to 240 seconds improved enzyme production and phytic acid reduction. Increase in both inoculum concentration (biomass) and inoculum age up to 7-days old increased enzyme production and rate of phytic acid content reduction. With increase in initial pH of medium of up to 5.7, increased enzyme production and rate of phytic acid reduction were achieved. In the addition of surfactants to medium, sodium oleate was found to significantly increase enzyme production and the rate of phytic acid content reduction while Triton X-100 gave a negative effect. The addition of 1 mg phosphate remarkably increased the enzyme production and phytic acid content reduction; though a negative effect was obtained for systems containing combined portions of oleate and phosphate. Biomass in the solid culture was found to increase during fermentation up to 144 h of incubation and the protein content of culture also increased to about 18% after 96 h of incubation; hence this method of fermentation could be used to improve the nutritional quality of the meal for animal feed.
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Bowyer, Peter Hervé A. "Assessment of a solid-state fermentation product in contemporary and lupin-containing diets for commercial finfish." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6555.
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This body of research explores the dietary application of a bioactive, solid-state fermentation (SSF) product in contemporary and lupin-containing diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niltoticus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Consequently, the work provides holistic assessment of the influences of SSF products on animal health and performance; depending upon rearing temperature, nutritional physiologies, feed formulations and extrusion conditions; alongside information on the performance of lupins in aquafeeds. The SSF product (at 0.1 % inclusion) improved growth performance of Nile tilapia fed diets containing lupins. Phosphorous retention appeared higher when the SSF product was included in a yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) diet whilst Mg retention was significantly higher in fish fed narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius). The experimental ingredients did not appear to show any clear effects upon midgut macrostructure. At an ultrastructural level, the fish fed yellow lupin alone, displayed poorest brush border characteristics but those fed yellow lupin and the SSF product showed signs of amelioration since they did not differ significantly from those fed narrow-leaf lupin. Focus was then turned towards a yellow lupin-based diet in rainbow trout, with two inclusion levels of the SSF product. The SSF product significantly improved growth performance and feed efficiency at 0.5 %, with values closer to a fishmeal-based diet than the lupin control. The SSF product increased the digestibility of protein and energy and bioavailability of numerous elements. However, the digestibility and bioavailability of certain nutrients, e.g. fibre and Zn, were only increased with a 0.5 % inclusion. The SSF product influenced vertebral Ca:P ratio but no effect on vertebral morphology was identified. Fish fed yellow lupin kernel meal displayed high Mn concentrations throughout a number of tissues. The intestinal environment was explored in depth, revealing large differences dependent upon SSF product inclusion rate. Fish fed a 0.1 % inclusion exhibited deteriorated brush border characteristics and high diversity of microbes, including increased proportions of key salmonid pathogens. Those fed a 0.5 % inclusion displayed signs of increased surface area at an ultrastructural level, reduced goblet cell numbers and a low microbial diversity; with domination of one particular family, Enterobacteriaceae. Activities of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase within the anterior intestine also appeared to be influenced by SSF product inclusion. Variations in haemato-immunological parameters were also observed between the treatments. In the final experiment, the SSF product was applied, pre-extrusion, to a contemporary rainbow trout formulation, at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 %. No significant improvements to performance were identified following SSF product inclusion. However, crude protein digestibility from SSF-supplemented diets was significantly higher than the control and tendencies towards elevated retention of Ca, P, and Mg were apparent. In vitro analysis of free-phosphate release was conducted upon pre- and post-extruded diets, at varying temperatures. This indicated that neither extrusion conditions (105 °C) nor an ambient temperature of 10 °C were sufficient to cease P-liberating capabilities by the SSF product; suggesting that the two conditions combined limited the product’s efficacy in practice. This research evidenced that SSF products can be an effective means of improving the available nutrient profiles of compound diets for both omnivorous, warmwater and carnivorous, temperate finfish. Lupins are a promising alternative protein source but their nutritional value can be substantially improved by SSF product application. Exploration of the effects of SSF products on the intestinal environment revealed that both negative and positive effects on intestinal health can occur, which is highly dependent upon product inclusion rate. The holistic approaches adopted within this series of studies have seldom been performed on monogastric animals and thus provide valuable, transferable information for advancing knowledge in the application of SSF products, exogenous enzymes and lupins to farm animal feeds, in general.
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Murthy, Ramana M. V. "Fungal proteinase production by solid state fermentation." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1436.
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Kang, Chih-Hsiung, and 康智雄. "Solid-state fermentation of various Bacillus species." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06407269405967626629.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
食品科學國際碩士學位學程
104
Nowadays, antibiotics are widely used in livestock for increasing feed conversion efficacy and reducing costs. However, abuses of antibiotics have caused water and environment pollutions, as well as development of drug resistant pathogens, which become a major threat of human health. Researching alternative methods to reduce the use of antibiotics has become an important task or challenge in animal husbandry. Using probiotics to replace antibiotics in feeds is one of fensible strategies. People have drawn a great attention to the use of Bacillus spp. in animal feed. The present study investigated solid-state fermentation of Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis and B. subtilis var. natto using different agricultural by-products as fermentation substrates to make high cell density products as animal feed supplements. The investigation was initially studied on a lab scale and later was scaled up to a pilot production. The experimental results showed that rice husk to soybean meal on 2:1 ratio is suitable for use as medium formulation for cultivation of B. licheniformis, B. subtilis and B. subtilis var. natto. Sterilization time of 3 hours was required to kill all the heat resistant spores in the fermentation substrates. Additionally, glucose has to be sterilized separately from other ingredients in order to avoid Mallard reaction, which was found to inhibit the growth of Bacilli in this study. The optimized medium formulation and solid state fermentation process can produce fermentation products containing bacteria spores up to 10 to the power of 10 CFU/g after 3 days fermentation, which is satisfactory for the commercial production purpose.
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Wang, Feng-Ing, and 王鳳英. "Cellulase Production with Corncobs by Solid State Fermentation." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87564268683028946879.
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博士國立臺灣大學
農業化學系
82
In order to improve the utilization of cellulosic agricultural wastes, this thesis is concerned with the study of the feasibility of cellulase production by solid state fermentation using corn cobs as substrate. In this study, different fungi and Streptomyces were tested. Results had shown that those organisms that produced high cellulase activity in liquid state fermentation were also effective in producing cellulase in solid state fermentation. So, we decided to select Trichoderma reesei ATCC 26921 (QM 9414), T. album, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, Aspergillus niger ATCC 108764, Streptomyces aureofaciens ATCC 10762 to study further. Optimal conditions for producing cellulase in solid fermentation were as follows: initial moisture 60-65% and initial pH 3.5 for fungal cellulase production; in initial pH 4.0 -5.0 for Streptomyces cellulase prduction. The incubation temperature was 25-30℃, for all tested organisms.Study on the effect of C/N on cellulase production from tested organisms showed that organic nitrogen source in C/N 20 can improve cellulase production. For cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei ATCC 26921 (QM 9414) using corn cobs as substrate in solid state fermentation, we gained high cellulase activity by 40-60% ammonium sulfate precipitation and to purify by Sephadex G100 followed by DEAE Sephadex A50. Some properties of purified cellulase were analyzed. The purified cellulase from T. reesei ATCC 26921 (QM 9414) was the most activity at pH 5.0 and at 60℃. The optimal pH for S. aureofaciens cellulase was 5.0. The optimal temperature for CMCase and avicelase from S. aureofaciens was 60℃, and the optimal temperature for β-flucosidase and filter paper activity was 50℃.
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CAO, ZHU-QING, and 曹主卿. "The relatioship between adhesion and solid state fermentation." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46071960981899234766.
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Cheng, Tung-Yi, and 鄭東益. "A Research of Sludge Reclamation by Solid State Fermentation." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63973096229226326517.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全工程技術研究所
85
The main objective of this research was to study the solid state fermentation (SSF) of sludge mixed with bulking agents such as rice hulls, bagasse, woodchips and rice strw. The effect of those bulking agents on SSF were investigated with oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of the microorganisms. Excepting assessed the suitabilities of all bulkings agents and also find out the best operation parameters of the most suitable bulking agent. The expermental results showed that: 1. SSF of sludge mixed with rice straw or bagasse were more effective than mixed with woodchips or rice hulls when the C/N ratio was fixed at 25. 2. SSF of sludge mixed with rice straw showed the best result, the others were collocated as bagasse, woodchips and rice hulls when sludge and bulking agents were mixed at the same ratio. 3. Rice straw showed the best ventilative property, bagasse was the next, woodchips and rice hulls had relative worse ventilative properties. 4. Rice straw was the most suitable bulking agent for SSF of sludge in this research. When inoculumed with bagasse composts, the most suitable operation parameters were: (1) temperature: 50℃ (2) moisture content：60% (3) aeration rate: 0.4VVM (4) particle size (rice straw): 3cm (±0.5cm) (5) inoculum size: 5% (6) mixed ratio of rice straw to sludge: 1：3─1：5
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Chuang, Chang-Yu, and 莊荃與. "Study of production superoxide dismutase by solid state fermentation." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98061405885296681612.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系
94
A high SOD activity strain, Bacillus subtilis B 27-2, was screened from natto and used to compare the production of SOD by different fermentation methods in this study to increase superoxide dismutase production. The results showed that the fortified nutrient culture contained 8% maltose, 12.5% soybean powder, 0.1 % NaCl, 3% inoculums size and initial medium pH at 7.0 ± 0.2, shaked with 350 rpm at 37℃ for 42 hours, 2619.10 U/mL of SOD activity was obtained by liquid state fermentation. The compared cultural conditions used in solid state fermentation with 90% wheat bran and 10% soybean as fermentation substrate, inoculation of 10% of B. subtilis B 27-2, initial moisture of 65%, incubation at 30°C for 72 hours, with addition of 5% maltose, 21066.34 U/g of SOD activity could be obtained. The superoxide dismutase activity produced by solid state fermentation was 8.04 folds higher than using liquid state fermentation method, and produced was manganese type SOD. Comparing hot and cold air drying methods to dry fermentation production, cold dry method decreese moisture to 12.38%, and increase SOD activity for 26%. Antioxidative activities of fermentation substrate showed that 10 mg/mL concentration had the best performance on α,α-diphenyl-b-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, ion scavenging ability, and reducing ability with 69.37%, 92.73%, and 2.091, respectively. The mutagenic and antimitagenic effects of fermentation substrate tested by Ames test evaluate, showed no toxic and mutagenicity effect for both tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA97 and TA100. The antimutagenicities of fermentation substrate had 26.01% inhibition effect in 0.5 mg/plate concentration, and inhibition effect increased along with increasing concentration. Fermentation substrate had significant antimutagenicity for the mutation induced by TA100 with B[a]P, the antimutagenicities of fermentation substrate had 34.88% inhibition effect in 0.1 mg/plate of concentration, and 80.16% inhibition effect in 5.0 mg/plate of concentration. Effect of substrate to ward BNL CL.2 cell growth, cell numbers will increase along with raising concentration. In contrast, Hep G2 cell numbers decreased to 65.51 % in 500 μg/mL concentration. Storage of dried fermentation substrate under different temperature (-20, 4, 20, 30℃) showed no signification influence on superoxide dismutase activity as compared with control group. A 90% and more of the SOD activity remained after 120 days of storage.
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DIVATE, RUPESH-DATTATRAY, and 狄韋德. "Bioactivities of Xylaria Nigripes From Solid-state and Submerged Fermentation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43064345161585249617.
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博士靜宜大學
食品營養學系
105
Xylaria nigripes (XN) is a medicinal fungus that was used traditionally as a diuretic, nerve tonic and for treating insomnia and trauma. In this dissertation, solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation were attempted to produce XN with multi-bioactivities. This dissertation included four major objectives. The first and second objectives of this dissertation were to produce XN under SSF conditions with agriculture byproducts, including wheat bran (WB) and soy meal (SM), and edible whole grains as fermentation substances, respectively. The third objective was to produce XN under submerged fermentation and elucidated possible mechanism of neuroprotection effects of XN mycelium extract. The fourth objective was to evaluate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of submerged fermented XN mycelium. When WB was used as the sole fermentation substrate under SSF conditions, the 70 % ethanol extract of XN-fermented substances obtained the highest antioxidant activities and anti-inflammation activities. When fermentation substrates contained equal amounts of WB and SM, the 70% ethanol extract of XN-fermented substances showed the highest effects against H2O2-induced damage in neuronal cells (PC12 cells). Both XN and residues of fermentation substrates may have contributed to the biological activities of XN-fermented substances. When whole grains, including brown rice, red beans, mung beans or soy beans, were used as fermentation substrate, the synergistic effects of bioactivities from XN mycelium and whole grains were obtained. Especially, XN-fermented red beans exhibited noteworthy activities in antioxidant, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. When XN mycelium was produced by submerged fermentation, both XN water extract and 70% ethanol extract effectively protected PC12 cells against H2O2 - induced cell damage by inhibiting the release of lactate dehydrogenase, decreasing DNA damage, restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and arresting abnormal apoptosis through up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and caspase-3. XN mycelium from submerged fermentation showed anti-inflammation activities by effectively reducing production of nitric oxide (NO), tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW264.7 cells and inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. Animal study using BALB/c mice demonstrated that the immunomodulatory activities of XN mycelium were achieved by enhancing splenocytes proliferation, cytokine inductions, and the cytotoxicity of splenic natural killer cells.
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Wu, Kuo-Chen, and 吳國珍. "Production of Fructosyltransferase by Solid State Fermentation of Aspergillus japonicus." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10503387497765418380.
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碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
96
Production of fructosyltransferase by solid state culture of Aspergillus japonicus was investigated. The fermentation was carried out in 500-mL Erlenmeyer flask at 30°C after an inoculation of spore suspension. The culture medium was a mixture of 20 g wheat bran, 10 g rice hull, 10 mL of 10 % (w/v) yeast extract, 10 mL of 50 % (w/v) sucrose and 5 mL of 0.065 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7). During a 7-day incubation, maximum enzyme activity up to 113102 U/flask was achieved at day 6. Production of fructosyltransferase was affected by the morphology of the fungus. The enzyme activity increased as white vegetative mycelia increased. However, the enzyme decayed when the color of the culture was converting to black due to the production of spores. Production of fructosyltransferase increased up to 117851 U/flask when the 50 % (w/v) sucrose was replaced by 60 % (w/v) sucrose. However more sucrose (i.e. 70 %,w/v) did not result more enzyme production.
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LIN, MEI-YUE, and 凌美月. "Antibiotics production of sweet potato residue by solid state fermentation." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05221213033612056748.
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YANG, XIAO-XUAN, and 楊孝璇. "Oxytetracycline production with sweet potato residue by solid state fermentation." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97703056889337713449.
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HUANG, ZHONG-YI, and 黃中宜. "Purification and characterization of protease produced by solid state fermentation." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27845289093371608731.
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Wang, Po-Lun, and 王伯綸. "Development of Solid State Fermentation Process to Cultivate Antrodia Cinnamomea." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/th2n5e.
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碩士大仁科技大學
製藥科技研究所
101
‘Jang-jy’ or ‘Niu-chang chih’ (Antrodia camphorate; Polyporaceae) is a fungi that only grown on endemic species, Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata, in Taiwan and is the most expensive folk medicine in market at present. It has been declared to have therapeutic effects including tranquilizing, liver-protection, anti-cancer, sobering-up drink, as well as acute abdominal ache. Since the amount of wild ‘Jang-jy’ has become sparse due to illegal lumbering, great efforts on the research of the solid fermentation have performed recently in order to prevent the wood of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata from endangering, and also, to aspire a therapeutic efficacy-equivalent product. This research protocol aimed to study the solid state fermentation method for the production of ‘Jang-jy’ with different media formulations and to analyze quantitatively the contents of the main components (i.e. triterpenoids and polysaccharides) of fermented products. In addition, the scavenging capacities of DPPH free radical and superoxide anions will also be performed, by which, the best products thus can be selected and the evaluation on the liver-protection will also be performed using acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury animal model. During experiments, the hepatic and renal function tests will be done every two weeks. The hepatic and renal toxicity potentials after feeding ‘Jang-jy’ will be simultaneously evaluated, accompanying with the liver and kidney biopsy tests. The results of this research could provide the safety evidences for the products after marketing in the future.
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Chien, Tse-Yu, and 簡則宇. "Solid-State Fermentation for Development of Functional Chenopodium formosanum Product." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/evsj9b.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
107
Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) is a native pseudocereal plant in Taiwan. Djulis has shown its potential to be processed to functional food due to its high nutritional value and the proved health benefits of its bioactive compounds. In this study, Djulis grains were used as a raw material for solid-state fermentation. The fermentation process was established by comparing different substrates, filamentous fungi and culture time. The antioxidant activity was optimized and the product was analyzed for functional and nutritional properties as well as texture. In result, Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus BCRC 31996 was chosen as a culture starter and dehulled grains with pretreatment of 121oC as matrix. Due to the results of antioxidant capacity evaluation, the appearance and texture observation, the fermentation time was set to four days. Optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the optimum TEAC (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) value was 20.58 mM at an optimum culture temperature of 35.3 oC, carbon source concentration of 1.31%, and inorganic salt concentration of 0.3%. The total phenolics and total flavonoid content of the optimized product were 7.42 GAE mg/g dm and 2.28 QE mg/g dm, respectively, which increased by about 2 and 1.8 times. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) increased to 283.57 µg/g, which elevated by 5.8 times, compared to non-optimized product. In the nutritional properties, the free peptide was increased to 46.18 mg/g, and the phytic acid content was decreased to 1.47 mg/g, which decreased by 44%. In the results of texture analysis, the product using Djulis grains as the fermentation substrate had the lowest hardness compared to three kinds of foreign quinoa grains. The Djulis-fermented product established by this study demonstrated the potential to become a functional food.
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Pei-Yin, Lee. "Bioactivities of Black Soybean by Lactic Acid Bacteria Solid-State Fermentation." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2701200514371400.
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ZHENG, ZHI-JIAO, and 鄭智交. "Protein enrichment of corncobs by solid state fermentation with Trichoderma album." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53419334798812925621.
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wu, ming-hung, and 吳明鴻. "Hydrogen production characteristics by thermophilic solid state fermentation from manucipial waste." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93630769765055743488.
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碩士國立中央大學
環境工程研究所碩士在職專班
98
This research focus on cow manure as symbiotic bacteria as planting that cultures active hydrogen production characteristics between 50 and 80°C, more and more, the manucipial sweage sludge as substrate as nutrition source convese into the biomass. Controlling the moisture littler than 80% cultures the solid sate fermentation to develop the hydrogen production system with high conversate rate and non acidic-liquid waste. This study siezes the hydrogen production bacteria by temperature controlling, which can inhibit the growth of the methonogenious during the hydrogen yield, as well as, it can eliminate the by-products, voltaic fat acid, in the conventional mesophilic fermentation process such as acetic, propanoic and butyric, etc. This study adapt 2.5 litter anaerobic fermenter to batch thermophilic solid state fermentation by seven kinds thermostatic series in 50 ,55 ,60 ,65 ,70 ,75 ,and 80°C, respectively. Every hydrogen production growth period all completed within 80 hours, which have better management merits than conventional monderate iquid fermentation period for weeks or even months. The demonstrate show that the 60℃ series thermophilic solid state fermentation has obviously two peak growth periods, the accumulate hydrogen production is the highest and the hydrogen concentration keep it higher than 60%. The specific hydrogen yield and the specific hydrogen conversation rate were 39 (mL-H2/g-VS) and 17.65(g-H2/g-H of VS，%), respectively. Much more, aforementioned seven kinds thermostatic series’s pH is maintained between 4.5 and 7, which show that no obviously effect in the thermophilic solid state fermentation, as the result, it can infer that there is no duplicative pollution as continuous acidification or acid waste production.
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Lee, Pei-Yin, and 李佩穎. "Bioactivities of Black Soybean by Lactic Acid Bacteria Solid-State Fermentation." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33396734832504731702.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
93
Black soybean is a kind of soybean with dark seed coat. In ancient books and records of Chinese herbs, black soybean frequently played an important role. Black soybean contains many biofunctional compounds and possesses antitumer activity. Since past researches has indicated that the bioactivity of substrates could enhanced after lactic acid bacteria fermentation, the purposes of this project were to investigate the feasibility of using solid-state fermentation of lactic acid bacteria using black soybean as substrate, and to evaluate the bioactivities of the fermented products. The growth condition of lactic acid bacteria were envaluated by observing the changes of pH and cell during fermentation. The result displayed that lactic acid bacteria grew well in the enzymatic hydrolyzed black soybean, but not in the un-treated substrates. In the antioxidant activity, three assay methods were used for determining the antioxidant activities of the fermented black soybean product by different lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum BCRC 12250, Lactobacillus acidophilus BCRC 10695, Bifidobacterium longum BCRC 14602, Bifidobacterium breve BCRC 11846) for various time periods (3, 5, 7 days), and in different types of media (non-enzymatic hydrolyzed medium (N), 0.4% Viscozyme hydrolyzed medium (V), 0.4% Flavozyme: Alcalase=3:2 hydrolyzed medium (P), 0.2% Viscozyme + 0.2% Flavozyme+Alcalase=3:2 hydrolyzed medium (V+P)). Our result indicated that L. acidophilus 3- day-fermentation showed the highest antioxidant ability and was chosen for subsequent studies on anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity. In the anticancer tests, eight kinds of cancer line have been tested, and the gastric cancer cell line, AGS, had the highest sensitivity to the fermented samples. Our results also showed that the fraction extracted by Hexane of L. acidophilus 3-day-fermented product was most effective in inhibiting the proliferation of AGS cell line. In the anti-inflammatory test, crude water extract and WA phase could increase production of TNF-λrom unstimulated RAW 264.7, and the Hex fraction and BtOH fraction had the strongest ability to inhibite of the production of NO from LPS/IFN-γactivated RAW 264.7.
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Hsueh, Shou-Ying, and 薛守英. "Study on Solid State Fermentation and Biological Activities of Laetiporus sulphureus." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62621293126270043595.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南台科技大學
生物科技系
94
The Laetiporus sulphureus is a wood-decayed basidiomycete, which is distributed worldwide. It is found in the broad-leaved tree trunk of low elevation region in Taiwan. Generally, in traditional Chinese medicine it can be used as supplementary food in breast cancer and prostate cancer, but its mechanism is still under investigation. The results of this study showed that using seven different solid media separately for the culture of L. sulphureus have excellent efficiency on the mycelial growth. According to the results of antibiotic activity, the extract solution has different extent of inhibition on the growth of Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium citrinum, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibition test on tumor cells showed that hot water extract from seven different solid media for the culture of L. sulphureus (10 mg/mL) has more than 30% inhibition against cervical cancer cell (HeLa). Furthermore, there is over 35% and 40% inhibition against human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (DU-145), respectively, and which are both highest in BN at 71% and 73%, respectively. The hot water extract of L. sulphureus mycelia fermented on SW and BN solid medium has the best inhibition against fibroma (HT-1080) up to 62% and 52%, respectively. In addition, the inhibition against tumor cells by the hot water extract (10 mg/mL) of fruit bodies is higher than 35% against cervical cancer cell (HeLa), fibrosarcoma cell (HT-1080), breast cancer cell (MCF-7) and prostate cancer cell (DU-145). In anti-inflammation experiment, that hot water extract from seven solid formula media for the culture of L. sulphureus has significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in Raw 264.7 macrophages. In the hot water extract of fruit body from L. sulphureus artificial culture, inhibits NO activity increased with increasing concentration. The antioxidant test showed that the hot water extract by L. sulphureus mycelia (10 mg/mL) ferment on SW, CJ and YM solid medium with artificial culture of fruit body have significantly protective effect with decreased hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage.
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TIAN, JHONG-YUAN, and 田仲源. "Production of acid protease from Aspergillus sp. by solid-state fermentation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48017759367014037169.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南台科技大學
生物科技系
97
Acid protease is a kind of hydrolase with wide applications in food processing、medical purpose、leather processing and feeds. Acid protease having stability in acidic and neutral conditions can adapt digestion systems of animals, which can increase the digestion and absorption rate of feed nutrients. The fungal strain Aspergillus sp. is capable of producing an acid protease that can be used as a feed additive. In the study, we found that wheat bran could be used as the major solid substrate. NH4H2PO4, NH4NO3 and soya milk all were the significant effect factors and could obviously increase the production of acid protease. Temperature and moisture were also the important fermentation parameters for the solid state fermentation. The solid-state fermentation of Aspergillus sp. was optimized to produce the acid protease by using Taguchi methods. The optimal level of media compositions obtained by orthogonal arrays included wheat bran 10 g、NH4H2PO4 3%、NH4NO3 1%、soya milk 10 ml、initial moisture 120% and culture temperature at 26℃, which apparently increased the acid protease activity to 51.54U/g. 80% of the crude acid protease can be recovery from crude extract by ammonium sulfate fractionation between ammonium sulfate percent saturation concentrations from 60% to 90%.
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林君泰. "Effect on cellulase activity by mixed culture of solid state fermentation." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41179616770977581691.
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Leite, Alexandra Paulina Quintela Antas Freitas. "Olive pomace pretreatments to enhance its valorisation by solid-state fermentation." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/41408.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em BioengenhariaOlive oil is an important component of the Mediterranean diet and its extraction is one of the dominant economic activity in the southern Europe regions. As a result of the processes of extraction, the oil industry generates large amounts of wastes in a short period of time, and these are becoming an increasing problem of environmental pollution. The two-phase system is a recent process that allows the production of olive oil with economic and environmental benefits and produces a semi-solid waste, termed two-phase olive mill waste or olive pomace. The crude olive pomace, COP is less effective in production of enzymes that exhausted olive pomace, EOP (COP after drying and residual oil extraction). In this study, it was used the EOP as solid substrate to produce xylanases and cellulases by A. niger which was selected from fungi screening. To improve the enzyme production was evaluated the effect of pre-treatment of olive pomace by ultrasound. The results showed that the sonication led to a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity and a decrease of cellulase activity, indicating that ultrasounds treatment attacked the integrity of lignocellulosic material and increased the accessibility of hemicelluloses which induced the xylanases production by fungi. Other pretreatments were also tested such as, acid hydrolysis with diluted acid or ultrasound combined with acid hydrolysis, but did not increase the activities of enzymes. The study leads to the conclusion that the sugars which are released to the filtrate during the ultrasound pretreatment are very important for the enzymes production and the supplemented nutrients during the SSF process are essential for the growth of fungi. The fermentation time was another factor of great importance in the profile of the enzymes produced by SFF as short fermentation times favour the xylanases production by SSF and longer fermentation times favour cellulases production.
O azeite é um componente importante da dieta mediterrânea e a sua extração é uma das atividades económicas dominante nas regiões do sul da Europa. Como resultado dos processos de extração, a indústria do azeite gera grandes quantidades de resíduos num curto período de tempo, tornando-se num problema crescente de poluição ambiental. O sistema de duas fases é um processo recente que permite a produção de azeite com benefícios económicos e ambientais que gera um resíduo semi-sólido. O bagaço de azeitona húmido, COP é menos eficaz na produção de enzimas do que o bagaço de azeitona esgotado, EOP (COP após secagem e extração do azeite residual). Neste estudo, foi utilizado o EOP como substrato sólido para a produção de xilanases e celulases por A. niger. Para melhorar a produção de enzimas foi avaliado o efeito de um prétratamento do bagaço de azeitona por ultrassons. Os resultados mostraram que a sonicação levou a um aumento de 3 vezes da atividade das xilanases e uma diminuição da atividade das celulases, indicando que o tratamento por ultrassons atacou a integridade do material lignocelulósico aumentando a acessibilidade às hemiceluloses, o que induziu a produção de xilanases por fungos. Foram ainda avaliados outros pré-tratamentos, tais como a hidrólise ácida com ácido diluído ou ultrassons combinado com hidrólise ácida mas não aumentaram as atividades das enzimas produzidas. O trabalho permitiu concluir que, os açúcares que são libertados no meio reacional durante o pré-tratamento de ultrassons são muito importantes para a produção de enzimas e que os nutrientes suplementados durante o processo de SSF são essenciais ao crescimento de fungos. O tempo de fermentação foi outro fator com grande importância no perfil de enzimas produzidas por SFF já que tempos de fermentação curtos favorecem a produção de xilanases por SSF e tempos de fermentação maiores favoreceram a produção de celulases.
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Ferreira, Marta Alexandra Lages. "Production of lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids by solid-state fermentation." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/59258.
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Dissertação de mestrado em BiotecnologiaSolid-state fermentation (SSF) is a promising biotechnological process that allows the use of inert supports to the growth of microorganisms to obtain value-added products such as lipids. The use of this type of supports for the realization of SSF, such as polyurethane foam (PUF), offers better extraction processes and allows this residual plastic material to be reused. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential in healthy diets and their production is extremely important, since mammals cannot synthesize them, so they need to ingest them from food sources. They are present in animal products such as marine fish oil, however there are associated problems such as overfishing of the oceans. Thus, microbial oil is a preferable source of PUFAs. In addition, other microbial lipids of high industrial interest can be produced using SSF in an inert support, such as stearic, oleic and palmitic acid. For this reason, the lipid production in SSF was evaluated using two microorganisms: a filamentous fungus (Mortierella alpina Peyronel 9412) and a yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica W29). In a first study, the culture medium for the production of PUFAs by M. alpina Peyronel 9412 in SSF was optimized using an inert support (PUF). The highest amount of total PUFAs (535.41 ± 24.12 mg/g PUF), linoleic acid (129.66 ± 5.84 mg/g PUF) and α-linoleic acid (401.93 ± 18.10 mg/g PUF) were produced when the culture medium contained 20 g/L glucose, 10% (w/v) linseed oil, the C/N ratio was adjusted to 25 and the incubation temperature was 25 °C for 3 days decreasing to 16 °C on the remaining 4 days of fermentation. In addition, a hemicellulosic hydrolysate absorbed to PUF was also used as a low-cost culture medium in SSF, with the growth and production of PUFAs being observed by the fungus, although in a smaller amount than with the synthetic medium. On the other hand, in a second study was tested the growth of yeast Y. lipolytica W29 and the production of lipids in SSF using PUF as well as its reuse in several fermentation cycles. It was found that the highest amount of lipids was obtained on the sixth day of fermentation. The fatty acid profile produced by this yeast showed a large amount of stearic acid (31.77 ± 1.59%), followed by palmitic acid (30.05 ± 1.50%) and linoleic acid (19.52 ± 0.98%). It was also possible to verify that when the PUF was squeezed, the cells were released to the culture medium, therefore, it is not useful to extract lipids from the support, since the biomass that is attached to it is reduced. Finally, 3 cycles of fermentation of 6 days each were carried out and only inoculum was added at the beginning of the first cycle. It was verified that when the PUF is squeezed after each fermentation cycle, some cells remain attached to it, being able to multiply with the addition of fresh medium. Through this study it was possible to conclude that SSF using an inert support such as PUF is a suitable biotechnological process for the production of value-added compounds such as lipids and, more specifically, PUFAs. The optimization of parameters such as temperature, C/N ratio and the addition of inductors will allow to define the fermentation conditions of other natural substrates such as agroindustrial residues.
A fermentação em estado sólido (SSF) é um processo biotecnológico promissor que permite o uso de suportes inertes para o crescimento de microrganismos de forma a obter produtos de valor acrescentado como lípidos. O uso deste tipo de suportes para a realização de SSF, como espuma de poliuretano (PUF), oferece melhores processos de extração e permite que este material plástico residual seja reaproveitado. Os ácidos gordos polinsaturados (PUFAs) são essenciais em dietas saudáveis e a sua produção é extremamente importante, uma vez que os mamíferos não conseguem sintetizalos, por isso precisam de ingeri-los de fontes alimentares. Existem em produtos de origem animal como o óleo de peixe marinho, no entanto existem problemas associados, como a sobrepesca dos oceanos. Assim, o óleo microbiano é uma fonte preferível de PUFAs. Além disso, outros lípidos microbianos com elevado interesse industrial podem ser produzidos utilizando SSF em suporte inerte, como é o caso do ácido esteárico, linoleico, oleico e palmítico. Por este motivo foi avaliada a produção de lípidos em SSF usando dois microrganismos: um fungo filamentoso (Mortierella alpina Peyronel 9412) e uma levedura (Yarrowia lipolytica W29). Num primeiro estudo foi otimizado o meio de cultura para a produção de PUFAs por M. alpina Peyronel 9412 em SSF utilizando um suporte inerte (PUF). Verificou-se que a maior quantidade de PUFAs totais (535.41 ± 24.12 mg/g PUF), ácido linoleico (129.66 ± 5.84 mg/g PUF) e ácido α-linoleico (401.93 ± 18.10 mg/g PUF) foi produzida quando o meio continha 20 g/L glucose, 10% (p/v) de óleo de linhaça, o rácio C/N era ajustado a 25 e a temperatura de incubação era de 25 ºC durante 3 dias descendo para 16 ºC nos restantes 4 dias de fermentação. Para além disso, foi também utilizado um hidrolisado hemicelulósico absorvido ao PUF, como meio de cultura de baixo custo em SSF, verificando-se o crescimento e produção de PUFAs por parte do fungo, ainda que em menor quantidade do que com o meio sintético. Por outro lado, num segundo estudo foi testado o crescimento da levedura Y. lipolytica W29 e a produção de lípidos em SSF utilizando PUF e a sua reutilização em vários ciclos de fermentação. Verificou-se que a maior quantidade de lípidos foi obtida ao sexto dia de fermentação. O perfil de ácidos gordos produzidos por esta levedura indica uma grande quantidade de ácido esteárico (31.77 ± 1.59%), seguido de ácido palmítico (30.05 ± 1.50%) e linoleico (19.52 ± 0.98%). Foi ainda possível verificar que quando a PUF foi espremida, as células saíram para o meio de cultura, não sendo, portanto, útil extrair lípidos do suporte, já que a biomassa que fica unida a ele é reduzida. Por fim, foram realizados 3 ciclos de fermentação de 6 dias cada um e só foi adicionado inóculo no início da primeira fermentação, verificando-se que, quando a PUF é espremida após cada ciclo de fermentação, algumas células permanecem unidas a ela, conseguindo multiplicar-se com a adição de meio fresco. Através deste estudo foi possível concluir que a SSF utilizando um suporte inerte como PUF é um processo biotecnológico adequado a produção de compostos de valor acrescentado como lípidos e, mais concretamente, PUFAs. A otimização dos parâmetros como a temperatura, ratio C/N e a adição de indutores permitirá definir as condições de fermentação de outros substratos naturais como os resíduos agroindustriais.
The work related with polyunsaturated fatty acid production was supported by the R&D&I project “Development of innovative sustainable protein and omega-3 rich feedstuffs for aquafeeds, from local agro-industrial by-products”, reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030377, funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The work related to production of lipids by Y. lipolytica was supported by the R&D&I project “Lipid Production by Yarrowia lipolytica growing on waste/wastewater streams”, reference TUBITAK/0009/2014, funded by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia.
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Oliveira, Felisbela Maria Araújo. "Optimisation of lipase production from olive pomace by solid-state fermentation." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/48660.
Full textAbstract:
Doctoral Thesis in Chemical and Biological EngineeringAgro-industrial residues are an excellent opportunity for biotechnological valorisation. Since they contain organic matter, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, etc., they can be applied as substrates for solid-state fermentation (SSF) to produce added-value compounds. In particular, olive pomace (OP), a by-product from olive oil production, mainly obtained in Mediterranean countries, represents an environmental issue but also a renewable and low-cost resource to be explored. Its use for lipase production by fungi is an effective and eco-friendly solution as demonstrated by this work. Initially, OP was applied on SSF mixed with wheat bran (WB) to produce lipase by Aspergillus species at Erlenmeyer´s flasks. Among three aspergilli used, Aspergillus ibericus MUM 03.49 presented the highest lipase production. Optimum SSF conditions of 60% moisture content (MC), 30 ºC, 1.33% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 and ratio OP:WB of 1:1 (w/w, dry basis), giving C/N ratio of 25, were found. The mixture of OP with WB at 1:1 ratio is very convenient, since residues may be applied without pre-treatment and MC adjustment (the mixture origins around 60% MC), reducing the water consumption. A SSF was reproduced at lab-scale packed-bed bioreactor and an optimum aeration rate of 0.05 mL min-1 was found, using 25 g dry solid substrate. Lipase production at optimum SSF conditions achieved was successfully scaled-up to traytype and pilot-scale pressure bioreactors. Continuous pressurised aeration at 200 kPa was beneficial for lipase and for specific activity, in comparison to the traditional tray-type bioreactor. Lipase was characterised and maximum activity was found at 50 ºC and pH 7.0. Enzymatic extracts were lyophilised as a way to preserve lipase, and an activity of 1000 U g-1 of lyophilised extract was obtained. The fermented substrate was further characterised and an increase of nutritional value was found, indicating a possible final application of solid as animal feed. Lipase production was also performed using different oil cakes (OCs) from Brazilian agroindustries. Maximum lipase yields were found using a combination of 0.45 g palm kernel oil cake (PKOC) per g total substrate, mixed with sesame oil cake (SOC), 57% MC, and 1% NH4Cl. At optimum conditions, a lipase production of 460 U g-1 was obtained after 6 days of SSF, and doubled in relation to SSF using OP+WB. Lyophilised fermented substrate containing lipase was further applied in esterification reactions, and the production of butyl decanoate ester was optimised. This ester has potential application in food industry.
Os resíduos agro-industriais são uma excelente oportunidade para valorização biotecnológica. Contêm matéria orgânica, carbohidratos, lípidos, proteínas, etc., e podem ser usados como substratos para fermentação em estado sólido (SSF) para produzir compostos de valor acrescentado. Em particular, o bagaço de azeitona, um subproduto da produção de azeite, maioritariamente obtido nos países Mediterrâneos, representa um problema ambiental mas também uma fonte renovável e de baixo custo a ser explorada. O seu uso para a produção de lipase por fungos é uma solução efetiva e amiga do ambiente, como demonstrado neste trabalho. Inicialmente, o bagaço de azeitona foi usado para SSF misturado com farelo de trigo (WB) para produzir lipase por espécies de Aspergillus em frascos de Erlenmeyer. Das três espécies aspergilli estudadas, Aspergillus ibericus MUM 03.49 apresentou a maior produção. As condições ótimas para produção de lipase por SSF, foi de 60% de humidade (MC), 30 ºC, 1.33% (m/m) (NH4)2SO4 e razão de 1:1 de OP:WB (m/m, base seca), originando uma razão C/N de 25. A mistura de OP:WB na razão 1:1 origina cerca de 60% de humidade, o que permite que os resíduos possam ser usados sem pré-ajuste de MC. Os ensaios de SSF foram reproduzidos num biorreator de leito empacotado à escala laboratorial, tendo-se obtido como condição ótima de arejamento, um caudal de ar de 0.05 mL min-1, usando 25 g de substrato seco. A produção de lipase nas condições otimizadas de SSF foi reproduzida em maior escala em biorreatores tipo bandeja e de pressão. O arejamento contínuo sob pressão a 200 kPa foi benéfico na atividade de lipase e específica, tendo-se obtido melhores resultados que no biorreator tipo bandeja. A lipase foi caracterizada e apresentou atividade máxima a 50 ºC e a pH 7.0. Os extratos enzimáticos foram liofilizados, como forma de preservar a lipase, e foi obtida uma atividade de 1000 U g-1 no extrato liofilizado. O substrato fermentado foi caracterizado, e verificou-se um aumento do valor nutricional, possibilitando a sua aplicação final em alimentação animal. A produção de lipase foi também realizada em tortas de óleo, de agro-indústrias do Brasil. A produção máxima de lipase foi obtida usando a combinação de 0.45 g de torta de óleo de dendê (PKOC) por g de substrato total, misturado com torta de sésamo (SOC), 57% MC, e 1% (m/m) de NH4Cl. Nas condições ótimas, obteve-se uma produção de 460 U g-1 de lipase, após 6 dias de SSF, e foi o dobro em relação à SSF usando OP+WB. O substrato fermentado liofilizado contendo lipase foi aplicado em reações de esterificação, e a produção do éster decanoato de butilo foi otimizada. Este éster tem potencial aplicação na indústria alimentar.
I would like to thank to the institution CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, from University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, which received me and provided me all the conditions to accomplish my work. I express my gratitude to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for the Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD/87953/2012). This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte
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Chen, Li-Hsyuan, and 陳立軒. "Cellulase production and protein enrichment with pangolagrass by solid state fermentation." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50317798967622449682.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
90
The target of the study was to produce cellulase and to enrich protein content of Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) by solid state fermentation (SSF). From Congored test, strains expressed higher cellulase activity and growth rate on CMC medium were selected for futher SSF. Effects of moisture content, nitrogen sources, incubation time, incubation temperature and trace element on protein enrichment and cellulase production by SSF were assayed. In Congored test, 6 of 28 Streptomyce spp. isolates could grow and produce cellulase activity at 30 and 50 ℃. Isolates was processed the largest value of clear zone, colony size, and ratio of clear zone to colony size were directed to isolate CH18, CH19and CH10, respectively which were 31.74±2.79 ㎜, 17.49±0.31 ㎜and 2.68±0.26. In the study, 6 isolates were choosen with criteria of clear zone >25㎜, colony size >16 ㎜and ratio of clear zone to colony size >2 for SSF. The result showed that isolate CH18 produced better cellulase activity and protein content were positively riched through fermentation. Isolate CH18 could almost double protein content for 2.6 % increment 50 ℃ in 6 days incubation. In the submerged cultivation, we found that isolate CH18 grown well, and expressed the largest specific activities of Avicelase, CMCase and β-glucosidase for valuesof 5.73, 7.76 and 1.18 IU/l, respectively. And Streptomyces thermonitrificans NTU-88 as reference strain in this study were 3.21, 3.18 and 1.81 IU/l, respectively. After solid state fermentation by isolate CH18 with Pangola grass as carbon source, we found that initial moisture content of 60-70 %, incubation temperature of 40-60 ℃, nitrogen source of ammonium sulfate, and prolonged incubation for 6 days were better condition for cellulase production and protein enrichment.
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Kao, Yu-Han, and 高玉涵. "The Optimization of whitening effects using solid state fermentation of Antrodiacinnamomea." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67557094582010459692.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華科技大學
健康科技研究所
102
Antrodia cinnamomea,also named Niuchangchih, is a fungus that onlygrows on thebrown heartwood of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata in Taiwan. Primary investigations have revealed that Antrodia cinnamomea has extensive biological activities for example of anticancer,antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects.The purpose of this study was to find tyrosinase inhibitor obtained from the solid state fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea. We used different culture media and solvents to extract Antrodia cinnamomea including redistilled water,Methanol and Ethyl acetate. In this study, the extracts from Antrodia cinnamomea were compared for the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase activity. Futhermore, we can compare the different compounds by HPLC for whitening effect. Also, these compounds were used to estimate the cell viability (CCD-966SK, A375.S2) by MTT.The results showed that the tyrosinase inhibition from the extract ofP0.1 culture media (three months, cultivation and extraction from ethyl acetate) was better than that of A0.5 culture media. Different compounds harvested by HPLC were compared. The various compounds with P0.1 cultivation were more abundant than that of A0.5. The peak C from HPLC collection can inhibit melanoma cell (A375.S2;) and enhance skin fibroblast cell (CCD-966SK;) growth.