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Journal articles on the topic 'Sound engineer'
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Kilbane, Matthew. "John Wheelwright, Sound Engineer." Hopkins Review 14, no. 2 (2021): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/thr.2021.0034.
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Kelly, A. "Why engineer porous materials?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1838 (November 29, 2005): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1686.
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A number of specific examples are briefly given for the use of pores in engineering materials: a porous ceramic to produce minimum thermal conduction; thin skeleton walls in silicon to produce photoluminescence; low dielectric constant materials. The desirable nature of the pores in fuel cell electrodes and sieves is described. Further examples are given in orthopaedics, prosthetic scaffolds and sound deadening and impact resistance materials. An attempt is made to describe the desirable pore size, whether open or closed, and the useful volume fraction. This short review does not deal with flexible foams.
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Munusamy, Muralitheran. "Gamelan Melayu Sound Preservation and Archiving through Recording Methods and Production Techniques." ASIAN-EUROPEAN MUSIC RESEARCH JOURNAL 6 (December 4, 2020): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/aemr.6-2.
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Sound or audio engineering is a branch of the field of engineering, which involves the process of recording sound and reproducing it by various means, as well as storing in order to be reproduced later. Known as sound or audio engineers, these trained professionals work in a variety of sound production fields and expert in recording methods. They can be instrumental to implement the affordable technologies and technical process to distribute the audio data hence, making it accessible for future generations. The current role of these engineers not only to perform or limited to recording session but they create metadata for archiving and preservation for future needs. Currently, product sleeves of ethnographic recordings represent no technical elements of how traditional music recordings are produced. The product details focus only to some extent on historical elements and musical notation. To an audio archivist, declaring what devices are in a recording is not linked with preservation data. Apart from the format, the sleeved design, technical specification is essential to other social scientists such as audio engineer and field recordist of the future. The aim of the present research is to capture optimum dynamic range of the sound and applying a signal processing that would not alter the tonality, timbre and harmonic of the sound. Further applying a suitable information storage for the metadata to be preserve or archived for future accessing and reproduction.
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Siebein, Gary W., Keely M. Siebein, Marylin Roa, Jennifer Miller, Gary Siebein, and Matthew Vetterick. "Working towards soundscape compatibility of indoor and outdoor shooting ranges with surrounding properties." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015882.
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This paper explores methods to help make shooting ranges compatible with surrounding properties. Sounds from outdoor firing ranges can propagate over 2 miles from the range depending upon topography, vegetation, background sound levels, numbers of shooters, weapon types, and mitigation systems employed at the range. Many communities have regulations for maximum sound levels that can be propagated from one property to another. The impulsive nature of gun shots produces sounds that are not easily measured using conventional acoustical metrics and sound level meters. These items can be studied using three-dimensional computer models. Acoustical data for different weapon types are used as the sound sources. Mitigation options such as shooting sheds, berms, and other strategies can be studied as part of the design process to optimize sonic compatibility with neighboring properties. Similar processes are used for partially and fully enclosed ranges with the addition of the walls, roofs, doors, and HVAC systems for the range included in the models. An architect, engineer, and other design team members work to design specific systems to provide the required mitigation methods. Consultants can evaluate the cost of implementing the mitigation measures so that sonic compatibility is addressed prior to using the range.
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Pollard, J. "The Eccentric Engineer - Sound Engineering. Bringing sound to the silver screen with a cartoon mouse." Engineering & Technology 14, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2019.1231.
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KHMYROV, ALEKSEY. "ABOUT MY TEACHER, FAMOUS SOUND DIRECTOR AND MUSICIAN VITALY NIKOLAEVICH GUSHCHIN." Культурный код, no. 2021-2 (2021): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36945/2658-3852-2021-2-46-51.
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This article is about the famous sound engineer, talented musician and teacher Vitaly Nikolayevich Gushchin, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of various areas of sound engineering in Uzbekistan, including music, audiovisual and radio ones. He is one of those who carried out highly professional sound recording of classical, folk and pop music works, which made up the richest fund of national culture and are in great consumer demand. V. N. Gushchin trained several generations of specialists who successfully work in many areas of sound engineering in the republic and abroad.
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Shively, Roger. "Automotive cabin acoustics and audio." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015744.
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We spend most of our quality listening time either at home or in a car. Unlike a concert hall -- where we spend the least amount of time listening, and on which there has been more than a century of research done -- there has very little research done for the home, and even less for the car. And this is why we put so much effort into the science of sound in homes and even more so into the science of sound in cars. Mr. Shively will explore the evolving path to becoming an audio engineer or an NVH engineer: the acoustic path. And, he will address the question of why sound quality does really matter, and the overlapping engineering disciplines which pursue sound quality. He will discuss how the audio systems are expanding to integrate Active Noise Control (ANC), Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), and Acoustic Vehicle Alert Systems (AVAS) for quiet car sound design and autonomous driver alerts in the pursuit of sound quality and how that is achieved. He will review the classical challenges of acoustics in a car and the new challenges for OEM audio system design and how they are being met. And, finally, he will touch on the evolution of expectations in automotive audio in existing markets and, more critically, emerging markets.
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Abbate, Carolyn. "Sound Object Lessons." Journal of the American Musicological Society 69, no. 3 (2016): 793–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2016.69.3.793.
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Two brief film sequences, in which paper blowing down a street (The Informer, 1935) and a candle passed along a table (The Old Dark House, 1931) make sounds. Next to them lies an antique microphone. This article charts the genealogies, cultural resonances, and interactions of these sound objects, drawing on the history of sound and acoustic technologies, film music aesthetics, and music philosophy. The sound objects give expression to fables about hearing in the machine age (1870–1930), and they disenthrall the inaudible: a sign of modernity. They provoke us to consider technological artifacts not as embodying empirical truths, but as mischief-makers, fabulists, or liars; and to confront technological determinism's sway in fields such as sound studies and music and science, which has given rise to intellectual talismans that sidestep the complexities in interactions between humans, instruments, and technologies. To underline this dilemma I make a heuristic separation between imaginarium, sensorium, and reshaped hand. This separation contextualizes a return to the film sequences and their historical precedents, with an emphasis on their patrimony from sound-engineer improvisation, and as aesthetic negotiations with the microphone itself. The carbon microphone, invented in 1878, had delivered a shock to machine age imaginations; its history is largely untold, and is sketched here to suggest that a fuller history centered on microphonics would lie athwart conventional scholarly accounts of sound technologies, listening, and hearing ca. 1830–1930. The sound objects, finally, give voice to a vernacular philosophy of music's efficacy. They merit an ethical metaphysics, where metaphysical language, ironically, asks us to be attentive to mundane objects that have been disdained and overlooked.
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Lamb, H. "Regulars - Columnist. Dear Evil Engineer: Question - Unsafe and sound: Can I wreak havoc using sound waves?" Engineering & Technology 16, no. 9 (October 1, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2021.0928.
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Goffe, Tao Leigh. "Bigger than the Sound." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 97–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-8749806.
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This essay examines the political economy of Caribbean cultural capital and the formation of reggae in Jamaica in the 1950s. Through study of the Afro-Asian intimacies and tensions embedded in the sound of preindependence Jamaica, the essay traces the birth of the “sound-system” to the networks of local small-retail grocery shops, ubiquitous across Jamaica, that were owned and operated by Jamaican Chinese shopkeepers and examines how they formed material infrastructures. In charting the hardwiring of speakers and how the sociality of the shop housed the production of a new sound, the essay argues that sonic innovation was derived from Afro-Jamaican servicepeople who returned from World War II with military technological expertise, which they applied to sound engineering, and from entrepreneurial guilds of Jamaican merchants and shopkeepers of Chinese, Afro-Chinese, and Indo-Chinese descent, who helped form the conditions of possibility for the production and global distribution of reggae. Thus the networks of Jamaican Chinese diasporic capital and talent, producing and performing, helped to engineer the electrical flows of reggae to rural areas and urban dancehall parties.
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Reiss, Josh. "Artificial intelligence in music production: Controversy and opportunity." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015954.
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Could a robot replace the sound engineer? Recent years have seen the emergence of intelligent systems aimed at algorithmic approaches to autonomous mixing and mastering of audio content. This talk will give an overview of the field, explanations and demonstrations of the technology, and a discussion of the challenges and directions currently being explored. We further discuss the role of artificial intelligence in audio production, and what it means for sound engineering in future.
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Cvetkov, P., V. Leontiev, and I. Busko. "On the development of a virtual test bench to assess sound absorption of materials in an alpha chamber." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 022106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/2/022106.
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Abstract A description is given of a virtual test-bench (VTB) designed by engineering center of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University to calculate a sound absorption coefficient of various materials. Developed VTB differs from known programs in that it allows a sound absorption coefficient of various materials to be determined with minimum involvement of an engineer. This VTB differs from other programs also by using infinite elements jointly with finite elements, which increases adequacy of the discrete model being used, and also the configuration of the boundary of an alpha chamber being used. The known programs use various phenomenological mathematical models of porous materials such as Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model. The VTB is based on fundamental mathematical models and statistical energy analysis (SEA) that allow describing adequately the established or transitional processes of sound absorption and reflection by a porous material the properties of which are not homogenized. The value of this VTB, which is created on the basis of a VA One software complex supplemented by a set of files of boundary conditions, files of solvers’ settings, secondary finite element (FE) models, is that VTB allows standardized calculations to be performed to determine the sound absorption coefficient of a material with minimum involvement of an engineer and the obtained result to be submitted for detailed processing. Developed virtual test-bench enables determination of a sound absorption coefficient for various materials within the entire finite frequency range. The result of the calculation is displayed as a graph of dependency of the material sound absorption coefficient on frequency.
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Zeitlin, Gerald L. "Professor Joseph Warren Horton (1889–1967): Biological Engineer." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. 1 (February 2005): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200501300109.
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Joseph Warren Horton graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1914. He became involved in the early development of electrical measurement devices, televised image transmission, and the detection of underwater sound transmission. In the mid-1930s he was appointed the first leader of the newly created Department of Biological Engineering at MIT and in this position he made major contributions to the application of physics to human physiology, in particular by increasing the safety of explosive inhalational anaesthetic agents.
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Yang, Yan, Xian Feng Huang, and Jun Liu. "Discussion on the Sound Radiation Coefficient of Building Materials." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1325.
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According to the definition of the sound radiation, a theoretical model is developed for acoustic radiation from a plate into air space. Then, the calculation for acoustic radiation coefficient at different frequencies and critical frequency of building members are carried out, also the radiation coefficient curves varied with frequency are gained. Comparison with the results of the radiation coefficient with different thicknesses and materials, the results show that: the sound radiation coefficient is so low to be neglected below the critical frequency; while it tends to a constant value of 1 above the critical frequency, and the maximum value occurs at critical frequency. Due to influence of radiation on the sound transmission in a structure, sound radiation coefficient plays a significant role on the option of sound insulation materials during the practical engineer.
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M. H. Gedig and S. F. Stiemer. "Qualitative & Semi-Quantitative Reasoning Techniques for Engineering Projects at Conceptual Stage." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 3 (January 1, 2003): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.331.
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During the development of engineering projects, the level of uncertainty is not static. The level of uncertainty typically diminishes from the early, conceptual stages of the project to the latter, detailed stages. At the present time there are many tools available to the engineer for reasoning with relatively low levels of uncertainty. Unfortunately there are few resources available for drawing sound conclusions from information that is characterized by a high level of uncertainty. Since decisions made early in the project cycle generally have a greater financial impact than those made later, it is worthwhile to investigate tools which are able to provide systematic and logical evaluation of preliminary or conceptual designs. This paper investigates sound techniques for evaluating projects at the early stages, including qualitative reasoning and semi-quantitative reasoning. The paper shows that qualitative analysis methods enable the engineer to reason with a high level of abstraction. As a normal engineering project progresses, more numeric information becomes available, and the results of semi-quantitative reasoning become more useful.
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Alanezi, Mohammed A., Houssem R. E. H. Bouchekara, and Muhammad S. Javaid. "Optimizing Router Placement of Indoor Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Buildings for IoT Applications." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 6212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216212.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized by a system of interconnected devices capable of communicating with each other to carry out specific useful tasks. The connection between these devices is ensured by routers distributed in a network. Optimizing the placement of these routers in a distributed wireless sensor network (WSN) in a smart building is a tedious task. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) programs and software can simplify this task since they provide a robust and efficient tool. At the same time, experienced engineers from different backgrounds must play a prominent role in the abovementioned task. Therefore, specialized companies rely on both; a useful CAD tool along with the experience and the flair of a sound expert/engineer to optimally place routers in a WSN. This paper aims to develop a new approach based on the interaction between an efficient CAD tool and an experienced engineer for the optimal placement of routers in smart buildings for IoT applications. The approach follows a step-by-step procedure to weave an optimal network infrastructure, having both automatic and designer-intervention modes. Several case studies have been investigated, and the obtained results show that the developed approach produces a synthesized network with full coverage and a reduced number of routers.
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Prascevic, Momir, Dragan Cvetkovic, and Darko Mihajlov. "Comparasion of prediction and measurement methods for sound insulation of lightweight partitions." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 10, no. 2 (2012): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1202155p.
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It is important to know the sound insulation of partitions in order to be able to compare different constructions, calculate acoustic comfort in apartments or noise levels from outdoor sources such as road traffic, and find engineer optimum solutions to noise problems. The use of lightweight partitions as party walls between dwellings has become common because sound insulation requirements can be achieved with low overall surface weights. However, they need greater skill to design and construct, because the overall design is much more complex. It is also more difficult to predict and measure of sound transmission loss of lightweight partitions. There are various methods for predicting and measuring sound insulation of partitions and some of them will be described in this paper. Also, this paper presents a comparison of experimental results of the sound insulation of lightweight partitions with results obtained using different theoretical models for single homogenous panels and double panels with and without acoustic absorption in the cavity between the panels.
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Miyar, Cristina, and Anthony Shou. "Coordination issues for concrete floating floors; san francisco conservatory of music bowes center, case study." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 264, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-730.
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The San Francisco Conservatory of Music (SFCM) Bowes Center is a complex, vertical building housing SFCM's performance, rehearsal, instruction, and dormitory spaces. Coordination issues during design and construction that are not strictly acoustical but that are critical to achieving the floating floor's optimum sound and impact isolation performance are discussed. This paper examines issues from early design to construction phases applicable to many types of floating floor systems, such as: setting structural point loading criteria, developing a sound isolation envelope, coordination with audiovisual (AV) and theater consultants with respect to routing of conduits and locating recessed AV boxes in floating floor, coordination with the architect and structural engineer to identify high point loads on floating floor, consideration of seismic restraint elements, structural coordination to evaluate anchorage needs for elements supported on floating floor, construction sequencing coordination with pre-construction contractor with respect to anticipated needs for lifts on raised floating floors, and coordination of floating floor shop drawings with framing shop drawings for elements supported from the floating floor. This project case study outlines a useful list to help architects, consultants, and engineers navigate the complex and varied coordination issues that may arise on projects with concrete floating floors.
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Kozlin, Valery, and Valentina Grishenko. "Creation of musical pieces At GUITAR PRO 6 (Part 2)." Collection of scientific works “Notes on Art Criticism”, no. 39 (September 1, 2021): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32461/2226-2180.39.2021.238694.
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The purpose of the article is to find out the specifics and methods of creating music in the sequencer GUITAR PRO 6. Methodology. The article uses a systematic approach, and also applies methods of comparison and generalization. Scientific novelty. For the first time in domestic musicology, innovative methods of working in the modern computer program sequencer GUITAR PRO 6 were discovered and proposed. The application of the methods and rules presented in the study provides the opportunity to transfer the work of a composer, arranger, sound engineer, musician, with a computer to a completely new stage in the development of musical creativity, which significantly improves the result of the study of musical texture, expanding the ways of existence of the work and the like. Conclusions. This software product is a powerful editor that allows you to create original scores at a professional level for subsequent editing. The program presents many useful tools with which the user can work with a different set of symbols of musical notation, as well as with a wide range of regulation of sound dynamics and tempo, which allows you to create samples of musical scores that sound and their phonograms. It has a powerful built-in MIDI editor, chord builder, player, metronome, and many other useful instruments for musicians. Ability to run Guitar Pro 6 on Windows, Linux, Mac OS platforms. Widely used by composers, arrangers, and sound engineers. Also, the methods of work in Guitar Pro 6 can be used for study by students who master the relevant specialties.
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Shak, Fedor M., and Vladimir V. Volchenko. "Individual features of the sound engineer style in contemporary jazz sound engineering (on the example of J. Anderson's works)." South-Russian musical anthology, no. 3 (2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52469/20764766_2021_03_32.
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Hong, Tan Wei, and C. F. Sin. "Sound Transmission Loss Analysis on Building Materials." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 25, 2018): 6001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.15.4.2018.20.0457.
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This study is mainly to determine the sound transmission loss (STL) performance of the four selected building materials using the impedance tube. The four building materials are; autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), laminated glass, expanded polystyrene and rockwool. Transmission loss occurs when a sound goes through a partition or barrier. The specimens are prepared in two thicknesses, which are 10 mm and 20 mm. The STL of the specimen was determined and analysed. It is observed that the STL results for all the tested materials are having a similar trend, which is a thicker specimen gives higher STL. In general, all the materials deliver high STL at the frequency range of 3000 – 5500 Hz. In overall, the result shows that the expanded polystyrene scores the highest STL among the four building materials in this study. Six combinations of different material also were tested, and AAC & expanded polystyrene combination shows the highest STL value among the six combinations. The outcomes of this study can be referred by noise control engineer on the selection of the sound insulation material for the building noise insulation treatment.
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Kocak, Salih, and M. Emin Kutay. "Relationship between Material Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures and Highway Noise." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2295, no. 1 (January 2012): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2295-05.
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Traffic noise is a main source of total environmental noise. The major component of traffic noise is the interaction between tire and pavement. One way of reducing traffic noise is to engineer pavements such that tire–pavement noise is minimized. The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between the tire–pavement noise generation (and absorption) and the material characteristics of asphalt pavements. This paper presents the impact of material mix design characteristics, as well as linear viscoelastic properties on sound absorption. To focus on the relationship between the noise and the internal material characteristics, a novel laboratory tire–pavement noise measurement system was developed. Although the individual material characteristics did not have an appreciable influence on the damping of sound, a strong correlation between the sound pressure level and a combination of several material characteristics was observed.
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Kalpesh S. Tailor. "Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) Chart Based on Six Delta Initiatives." Mathematical Journal of Interdisciplinary Sciences 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/mjis.2018.62010.
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A control chart is a graphical device for representation of the data for knowing the extent of variations from the expected standard. The technique of control chart was suggested by W.A. Shewhart of Bell Telephone Company based on three sigma limits. M. Harry, the engineer of Motorola has introduced the concept of six sigma in 1980. In six sigma initiatives, it is expected to produce 3.4 or less number of defects per million of opportunities. Moderate distribution proposed by Naik and Desai is a sound alternative of normal distribution, which has mean and mean deviation as pivotal parameters and which has properties similar to normal distribution. Naik and Tailor have developed various control charts based on this distribution. In this paper an attempt is made to construct a control chart based on six delta initiatives for exponentially weighted moving average chart. Suitable Table for mean deviation is also constructed and presented for the engineers for making quick decisions.
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LIVINGSTON, HUGH. "Paradigms for the new string instrument: digital and materials technology." Organised Sound 5, no. 3 (December 2000): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771800005045.
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The applications of technology in instrument design contribute to the resulting sound on many levels, particularly in the context of new evolutions representing the traditional instruments of our culture. Materials technology is seldom given consideration in the description of Western string instruments, but our choices of woods, metals and synthetics can dramatically alter the sound without altering the substance of instrumental performance. In the design of modified string instruments which mimic features of natural acoustic predecessors, new technology is applied on many levels. A taxonomy is proposed for the past, present and future of instrument design. Due consideration is given to the music which results from the new sound world, especially that involving interactive electronic processing. The advantages and disadvantages of directions in instrument design for the future are evaluated within the proposed schema. Some extended techniques on the cello are proposed to be further extended with electronics, and audio examples and descriptions are provided. A model for future collaborations between composer, performer and engineer is proposed.
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Fruchart, Michel, Seung-Yeol Jeon, Kahyun Hur, Vadim Cheianov, Ulrich Wiesner, and Vincenzo Vitelli. "Soft self-assembly of Weyl materials for light and sound." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 16 (April 2, 2018): E3655—E3664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720828115.
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Soft materials can self-assemble into highly structured phases that replicate at the mesoscopic scale the symmetry of atomic crystals. As such, they offer an unparalleled platform to design mesostructured materials for light and sound. Here, we present a bottom-up approach based on self-assembly to engineer 3D photonic and phononic crystals with topologically protected Weyl points. In addition to angular and frequency selectivity of their bulk optical response, Weyl materials are endowed with topological surface states, which allow for the existence of one-way channels, even in the presence of time-reversal invariance. Using a combination of group-theoretical methods and numerical simulations, we identify the general symmetry constraints that a self-assembled structure has to satisfy to host Weyl points and describe how to achieve such constraints using a symmetry-driven pipeline for self-assembled material design and discovery. We illustrate our general approach using block copolymer self-assembly as a model system.
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Chvanova, T. P. "SOUND RECORDING, AUDIO COMMUNICATIONS AND PIANO PERFORMANCE: EVOLUTION OF VIEWS." Arts education and science 1, no. 4 (2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202004004.
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Sound recording and related audio communication tools are complex and ambiguous phenomena, the potential of which was revealed and implemented gradually, as technology improves and new performing practices are consolidated. Sound recording has become a determining factor in the development of musical culture in the XXth century, creating new forms of musical being, changing the principles of musical communication and distribution of roles in the musical hierarchy. In the field of piano art, recording led to the emergence of "virtual" forms of piano performance and post-production practices, gave a new aesthetic quality to piano art, revived the figure of composer-performer, and raised the value of a pianist-interpreter to a new level. The tradition to consider the evolution of art in the context of scientific and technological progress appeared in the 1970s. Nowadays in musicology, the aesthetic significance of recording for piano art remains undefined, there are no large generalizing studies on this issue. Recording has caused fundamental changes in the social life of music and musical performance, the transformation of the traditional musical communication system — these processes are currently most studied. The issues of musical communication are covered in the works of E. Dukov, E. Nazaikinsky, I. Orlova, A. Sokhor, A. Yakupov. Books by N. Lebrecht, Yu. Strakovich, A. Karabanova, T. Kuzub, Yu. Streglov are devoted to the problems of functioning of musical art and their historical origin. A considerable part of G. Gould's journalism is focused on prospects of sound recording. According to Gould, the participation of the performer-interpreter in the process of sound engineering brings his work closer to the composer, allowing "to establish a contact with a work, which is very similar to the composer's own attitude to it". Sound recording becomes the reason for transformation of the traditional system of "composer — performer — listener" musical communication, historically associated with the functioning of concert halls and the composer's priority role. Researchers note the complication of the communicative chain due to the inclusion of the figure of the sound engineer (Yu. Kapustin, I. Orlova). Feedback of listeners and the performer becomes mediated, it is carried out through other channels — public opinion, press (Yu. Kapustin), the figure of a musicologist critic (A. Yakupov, Yu. Streglov). The authors begin to consider sound recording as a new form of musical existence, different from concert practice, which develops its own means of expression, forms its own listener, creates its own performing personnel. In modern research, recording as a component of innovative progress achievements is included in the periodization of information technologies. Sound recording, being a means of documentary communication, creates a new quality of fixation of a work of art in the actual form of performing interpretation, post-production practices expand the aesthetic experience of the performer and listeners. In the modern musical landscape, sound recording becomes a product of joint work of a performer and sound engineer, art manager, music producer, while the role of the performer is "virtualized".
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Pakhomova, Svetlana Vladimirovna. "Psychological and pedagogical aspects of the development of the professional culture of a sound engineer." Education and Cultural Space, no. 3 (2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53722/27132803_2021_3_29.
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Gent, Steve J., Scott Logan, and David Evans. "Automated-Horn Warning System for Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings: Evaluation at Three Crossings in Ames, Iowa." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1708, no. 1 (January 2000): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1708-09.
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Traditionally, locomotive engineers begin sounding the train horn approximately one-quarter mile from the crossing to warn motorists and pedestrians approaching the intersection. To be heard over this distance, the train horn must be very loud. This combination of loud horns and the length along the tracks that the horn is sounded creates a large area adversely impacted by the horn noise. In urban areas, this area likely includes many nearby residents. The automated-horn system provides a similar audible warning to motorists and pedestrians by using two stationary horns mounted at the crossing. Each horn directs its sound toward the approaching roadway. The horn system is activated using the same track–signal circuitry as the gate arms and bells located at the crossing. Once the horn is activated, a strobe light begins flashing to inform the locomotive engineer that the horn is working. Horn volume data collected near the crossings clearly demonstrate the significant reduction of land area negatively impacted by using the automated horns. Residents overwhelmingly accepted the automated-horn systems and noted a significant improvement in their quality of life. Motorists preferred the automated-horn systems, and locomotive engineers rated these crossings slightly safer compared with the same crossings in the before (train horn) condition.
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Nelson, Nicholas R. "Code-switching and Loanwords for the Audio Engineer: The flow of terminology from science, to music, to metaphor." Organised Sound 23, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771818000067.
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The social and sociological implications of what David Beer calls the ‘precarious double life’ of the recording engineer – a technical professional on one hand, an artistic one on the other – are only recently coming to the fore in scholarship. Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network theory and the Social Construction of Technology theory pioneered by Trevor Pinch, as well as the contributions of Susan Schmidt-Horning and Beer himself, have begun to give us an intellectual framework to examine how social forces shape sound technology and the variegated implications of that shaping.This article examines the case of the ‘bilingualism’ required of the recording engineer. Drawing on primary sources from across the twentieth century, it traces the case of scientific terminology becoming musical terminology, that musical terminology becoming ingrained in consumer culture, and that ingrained, well-understood musical terminology becoming, finally, metaphorical.We trace the case of spectral terminology from Joseph P. Maxfield’s articles explaining electromechanical recording to a general audience in the publication Scientific American in the 1930 s, through the application of spectral terminology in advertising during the hi-fi boom of the midcentury, and finally to the metaphorical use of the same terminology in popular music in the last two decades of the century. We show, then, that it is not only the audio engineer, but also their terminology itself that participates in a ‘double life’.
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VanderMeulen, Ian. "Vocal Arrangements: Technology, Aurality, and Authority in Qur'anic Recording." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 3 (August 2021): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000428.
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AbstractThis article uses ethnography of a studio recording project underway at a Qur'anic school in Salé, Morocco, to offer new insight on sound, media, and religious authority in Islamic contexts. The aim of the project is to record the entire Qur'an incorporating all of its seven canonical, variant readings (qirā’āt), which are enjoying a small renaissance in Morocco. Several of the school's faculty, known as shaykhs, engaged as expert listeners and overseers of the process. I show how a historical model of such expert listenership, which I call “aural authority,” is transformed by the technologies of the studio and then dispersed across a collective of productive agents that includes the reciter and the sound engineer. I argue that these transformations, along with erasure of the shaykh's role from the medium of circulation—the recording—presents significant challenges to the broader qirā’āt tradition and raises questions about its future.
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M. H. Gedig and S. F. Stiemer. "Computer Application to Study Engineering Projects at the Early Stages of Development." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 3 (January 1, 2003): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.330.
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This paper describes a computer software application, the Qualitative Engineering System (QES), which the engineer can use to perform qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of preliminary engineering designs. In engineering practice, many situations arise in which the engineer wishes to perform a logical, objective comparison between conceptual or preliminary design options. Although there exist many applications which can be used to perform detailed numerical analysis to justify detailed final designs, relatively fewuseful programs are available to validate designs at the preliminary stages. The early stages of design are characterized by higher levels of uncertainty than the latter stages. Established qualitative and semiquantitative reasoning techniques may be used to detail with uncertainty and incomplete information in a sound, logical manner. The QES application utilizes a unified framework, which is used to implement a number of qualitative and semi-quantitative reasoning techniques. This paper gives an explanation of qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis in the context of the QES application. In addition, the paper gives some practical examples of how the QES program can be used in the engineering environment
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Saltykov, Ivan P. "Sound insulation design of the thin partitions on the base of concentrated parameters model." Vestnik MGSU, no. 3 (March 2020): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.3.353-367.
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Introduction. The theoretical and practical approach on the base of the discrete parameter's method to the acoustic insulation of the thin partitions by Candidate of Science, Prof. Zakharov A.V. is given in this issue. The method allowed to develop a logically conclusive and consistent physical airborne sound insulation model for one-layered massive and light partitions either. This issue concentrates on providing of the engineer calculation technique of the sound insula-tion for the thin partitions and, also, on comparison of the technique's results with the computations by the current normative documents.
Materials and methods. The application of the same “Mass Action Law's” formula both for the normal and the oblique noise wave's incidence on the sound isolating plate, regardless the sound waves angles, is mathematically and physically approved. The essence of the concentrated parameters, such as concentrated and reduced material's mass, is revealed. The equations of momentum conservation law and kinetic energy conservation are used to obtain the coefficient of the oscillation velocity transmission. The formulas for airborne sound insulation at the diapasons before and after the sound wave's coincidence frequency are written.
Results. The damping air property's influence on the thin partition's sound insulation is considered, and it's formulas are represented. The formulas for taking into account the reduction of sound insulation at the resonances in sound protective slab or in a partition are also given. The general equation for the thin partition's sound insulation by the method of localized (discrete) parameters are derived. The example of detailed calculation of the sound isolation of the thin asbestos-cement partition is demonstrated. The comparison between the medial three octave deviations of the sound isolation values and the experimental results in case of the SP (Russian normative document) method and in case of the introduced author's method for the different construction materials is represented.
Conclusions. The proposedsound insulation calculation method for the thin light partitions, which is based on the concentrated parameters model, gives very close to experiments results. So, it enables to find the insulation figures across the entire standard frequency range, according to the initial physical and technical materials' and constructions' features.
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Woszczyk, Wieslaw, Aybar Aydin, and Ying-Ying Zhang. "Virtual Acoustics, better than the real thing? Considering the creative side." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015962.
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Once room acoustical reflections data are extracted from a physical space or a model, and are encapsulated in a 3D impulse response, they can be used to render immersive sound fields in real time. A range of possibilities then opens for creative use of acoustics in music. A skilled virtual acoustics designer-engineer may rebalance digital signals representing the room response to situate player and listener on the stage or at the back of the auditorium, may modify and arrange temporal segments to re-imagine the aural dimensions of the space, and apply gain and directional placement to shape the impression of immersive presence, adapting acoustics to musicians’ creative needs. In the process of building an idealized acoustical environment for the music, techniques of sound reinforcement and of rendering room acoustics are combined to balance presence with ambience and to deliver a sensation of acoustical power with lift-off. The means exist to move beyond acoustical realism into fictionalized acoustics.
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Birtchnell, Thomas. "Listening without ears: Artificial intelligence in audio mastering." Big Data & Society 5, no. 2 (July 2018): 205395171880855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951718808553.
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Since the inception of recorded music there has been a need for standards and reliability across sound formats and listening environments. The role of the audio mastering engineer is prestigious and akin to a craft expert combining scientific knowledge, musical learning, manual precision and skill, and an awareness of cultural fashions and creative labour. With the advent of algorithms, big data and machine learning, loosely termed artificial intelligence in this creative sector, there is now the possibility of automating human audio mastering processes and radically disrupting mastering careers. The emergence of dedicated products and services in artificial intelligence-driven audio mastering poses profound questions for the future of the music industry, already having faced significant challenges due to the digitalization of music over the past decades. The research reports on qualitative and ethnographic inquiry with audio mastering engineers on the automation of their expertise and the potential for artificial intelligence to augment or replace aspects of their workflows. Investigating audio mastering engineers' awareness of artificial intelligence, the research probes the importance of criticality in their labour. The research identifies intuitive performance and critical listening as areas where human ingenuity and communication pose problems for simulation. Affective labour disrupts speculation of algorithmic domination by highlighting the pragmatic strategies available for humans to adapt and augment digital technologies.
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van der Spek, Alex, and Alix Thomas. "Neural-Net Identification of Flow Regime With Band Spectra of Flow-Generated Sound." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 2, no. 06 (December 1, 1999): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/59067-pa.
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Summary Multiphase production log interpretation requires that the flow regime along hole in the wellbore is known. Flow regime is the cased-hole analog of lithology. Knowledge of the flow regime will help to interpret tool signals, will help to evaluate the flow rate on a per phase basis, and will reduce post-processing load. The flow regime can be classified correctly by a neural net in up to 87% of all cases using 1/3 octave band spectra of flow-generated sound plus the pipe inclination angle. Without the inclination an 88% correct classification can be achieved. A neural net trained on commercially available tool data (noise cuts) appears to be too sensitive to the wellbore inclination. Hence, application of automated neural net interpretation of noise logs requires a new generation of noise logging tools. Introduction Flow regime is for the fluid dynamicist what lithology is for the petrophysicist. Without a lithology classification, it is difficult if not impossible to quantify hydrocarbon volumes in a reservoir. Likewise, without a flow regime classification, it is hard to quantify fluid flow rates in two-phase flow in a conduit. The conventional way to classify the flow regime is by visual observation of flow in a conduit by a human observer. Although downhole video surveys are commercially available, visual observation of downhole flow is not standard practice in (horizontal well) production logging, since it requires a special wireline (optical fiber cable). Moreover, downhole video surveys can only be successful in transparent fluids, either gas wells or wells killed with clear kill fluid. In oil wells, an alternative to visual observation for classifying the flow regime is needed. All flow regimes produce their own characteristic sounds. A trained human observer can classify the flow regime in a pipe by auditory rather than visual observations. Contrary to video surveys, sound logging services are readily available at low cost from various cased-hole wireline service providers. The traditional use of such sound logs is to pinpoint leaks in either casing or tubing strings. In addition to the sound logs recorded, the surface control panel is equipped with amplifiers and speakers that allow audible monitoring of downhole produced sounds. The sound log typically is a plot versus along hole depth of the (uncalibrated) sound pressure level in five different frequency bands with high pass cut-off frequencies equal to 200, 600, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz (noise cuts). In principle, the logging engineer, based on auditory observation of the downhole sounds, could carry out flow regime classification. This procedure, however, is impractical; it is prone to errors, it cannot be reproduced from recorded logs (the sound is not normally recorded on audio tape) and it relies on the experience of the specific engineer. The objective of this investigation was to establish the feasibility of classifying the flow regime by a neural net. A second objective was to identify the minimum required resolution of sound band spectra in order to allow a neural net to classify flow regime correctly in excess of, say, 85% of all cases. The figure 85% was chosen because, from the authors' experience human beings, using visual observations cannot classify the flow regime correctly in 10 to 20% of all cases. To meet these two objectives, an extensive experimental program was carried out whereby two-phase flow-generated sound was recorded as 1/3 octave spectra. Subsequently, a neural net was trained on various kinds of band spectra that could be derived from the recorded 1/3 octave spectra. Both objectives were met and it appears that a neural net can classify the flow regime correctly in up to 88% of all cases using 1/3 octave spectra of two-phase flow-generated sound. Successful application of neural net classification of the flow regime from sound logs in the field brings several benefits to the business. First of all it will allow the application of the correct, flow regime specific, hydraulic model to the task of evaluating horizontal well, two-phase flow production logs. Second, it will allow a more constrained consistency check on recorded production logging data. Last but not least, it alleviates the need to predict the flow regime using hydraulic stability criteria from first principles thereby reducing computational loads (from the authors' experience at least a factor of 10) and resulting in faster turn around times. Theory: Flow Regimes Two-phase flow is the interacting flow of two phases, liquid, solid or gas, where the interface between the phases is influenced by their motion.1 Many different flow patterns can result from the changing form of the interface between the two phases. These patterns depend on a variety of factors, for instance, the phase flow rates, the pressure and the diameter and inclination of the pipe containing the flow in question, etc. Flow regimes in vertical upward flow are illustrated in Fig. 1 and are described below.1Bubble flow: A dispersion of bubbles in a continuum of liquid.Intermittent or slug flow: The bubble diameter approaches that of the tube. The bubbles are bullet shaped. Small bubbles are suspended in the intermediate liquid cylinders.Churn or froth flow: A highly unstable flow of an oscillatory nature, whereby the liquid near the pipe wall continuously pulses up and down.Annular flow: A film of liquid flows on the wall of the pipe and the gas phase flows in the center.
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Johannes, Sönke, Michael E. Jöbges, Reinhard Dengler, and Thomas F. Münte. "Cortical Auditory Disorders: A Case of Non-Verbal Disturbances Assessed with Event-Related Brain Potentials." Behavioural Neurology 11, no. 1 (1998): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/190715.
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In the auditory modality, there has been a considerable debate about some aspects of cortical disorders, especially about auditory forms of agnosia. Agnosia refers to an impaired comprehension of sensory information in the absence of deficits in primary sensory processes. In the non-verbal domain, sound agnosia and amusia have been reported but are frequently accompanied by language deficits whereas pure deficits are rare. Absolute pitch and musicians’ musical abilities have been associated with left hemispheric functions. We report the case of a right handed sound engineer with the absolute pitch who developed sound agnosia and amusia in the absence of verbal deficits after a right perisylvian stroke. His disabilities were assessed with the Seashore Test of Musical Functions, the tests of Wertheim and Botez (Wertheim and Botez, Brain 84, 1961, 19–30) and by event-related potentials (ERP) recorded in a modified 'oddball paradigm’. Auditory ERP revealed a dissociation between the amplitudes of the P3a and P3b subcomponents with the P3b being reduced in amplitude while the P3a was undisturbed. This is interpreted as reflecting disturbances in target detection processes as indexed by the P3b. The findings that contradict some aspects of current knowledge about left/right hemispheric specialization in musical processing are discussed and related to the literature concerning cortical auditory disorders.
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Gomez, Juan, Justin Williams, In Hyouk Song, Yoo Jae Kim, Du Hwan Chun, Deok Ki Kim, Hae Joong Na, and Byoung Hee You. "Analysis of Acoustic Characteristics of a Car Cabin Using Computer-Aided Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.883.
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A computer-aided engineering (CAE) model was developed to analyze the acoustic characteristics of a car cabin. Pro/Engineer Wildfire 4.0 was used to three-dimensionally represent the geometry of the cabin. The CAE, using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2a, was performed to investigate the distribution of sound pressure fields at natural frequencies. The principle mode indices were (2, 1, 1), (2, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), and (2, 2, 2), corresponding to the modal coefficients 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the natural frequencies of 179.691, 139.276, 221.620, and 231.386 Hz, respectively. The results of the analysis provided insight into the car cabin design to suppress exterior and interior noise.
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Boppana, Karthik. "Study on Acoustics in Buildings." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 461–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37995.
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Abstract: Acoustics in buildings is that part of science in which importance has been given to the sound quality in building, which enables a proper understanding of the different factors influencing the same. Acoustics being one of the important factor which enables in reduction of transmission of noise and enable a better sound quality in the room. But however either very less or insufficient amount of work has been put in considering the scope of the subject. Some other limitations are builders either do not give priority to that aspect due to lack of information or the improper design and poor implementation. Also The Indian Standard Codes in this area are too old and need updation considering the Modern Scenario and Modern Construction Practices. So efforts have been made to consider this situation and find the best practices, recent innovations and methodologies which could help in maintaining proper Acoustics in Buildings, Halls, Auditorium's etc. And what role could a Civil Engineer play in elimination of this problem. Keywords: Acoustics, Buildings, Material Properties
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Zhang, Zhiwang, Ye Gu, Houyou Long, Ying Cheng, Xiaojun Liu, and Johan Christensen. "Subwavelength Acoustic Valley-Hall Topological Insulators Using Soda Cans Honeycomb Lattices." Research 2019 (August 8, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/5385763.
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Topological valley-contrasting physics has attracted great attention in exploring the use of the valley degree of freedom as a promising carrier of information. Recently, this concept has been extended to acoustic systems to obtain nonbackscattering sound propagations. However, previous demonstrations are limited by the cut-off frequency of 2D waveguides and lattice-scale size restrictions since the topological edge states originate from Bragg interference. Here we engineer topologically valley-projected edge states in the form of spoof surface acoustic waves that confine along the surface of a subwavelength honeycomb lattice composed of 330-mL soda cans. The inversion symmetry is broken through injecting a certain amount of water into one of the two cans in each unit cell, which gaps the Dirac cone and ultimately leads to the topological valley-Hall phase transition. Dual-frequency ranges of the valley-projected edge states below the sound line are observed, which originate from the first-order and second-order resonances, respectively. These results have the potential to enable promising routes to design integrated acoustic devices based on valley-contrasting physics.
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AUNER, JOSEPH. "Reich on Tape: The Performance ofViolin Phase." Twentieth-Century Music 14, no. 1 (February 2017): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147857221700007x.
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ABSTRACTThe score of Steve Reich'sViolin Phasespecifies that the performer is to recapitulate aspects of the composer's creative process in the studio. Working with a four-channel tape recorder, the violinist and a sound engineer are given detailed directions for creating the basic tape loop that generates the performance tape used in live performance. And yet – no doubt due to the scarcity of appropriate tape recorders – most present-day performers ofViolin Phaseuse looping hardware or software that make it possible to dispense with many of the instructions in the score, including the necessity of having the engineer on stage. That this significant change in performance practice seemingly passes for the most part without notice demonstrates how the decades-long ubiquity of tape has been replaced by a kind of invisibility, through which the particularities of the medium have been subsumed into more generalized notions of fixed media. I argue that the specific materialities of tape and tape machines are not incidental toViolin Phase, but are central to its composition, performance, and reception. A focus on the role of tape, and indeed on the roll of tape itself, can illuminate this and other pieces as well as Reich's deep involvement with music technologies throughout his career.
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Slatter, P. T. "Sludge pipeline design." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (November 1, 2001): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0596.
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The need for the design engineer to have a sound basis for designing sludge pumping and pipelining plant is becoming more critical. This paper examines both a traditional text-book approach and one of the latest approaches from the literature, and compares them with experimental data. The pipelining problem can be divided into the following main areas; rheological characterisation, laminar, transitional and turbulent flow and each is addressed in turn. Experimental data for a digested sludge tested in large pipes is analysed and compared with the two different theoretical approaches. Discussion is centred on the differences between the two methods and the degree of agreement with the data. It is concluded that the new approach has merit and can be used for practical design.
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Reddi, A. H., and N. S. Cunningham. "Recent Progress in Bone Induction by Osteogenin and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Challenges for Biomechanical and Tissue Engineering." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2891233.
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Implantation of demineralized bone matrix results in local bone induction. Bone induction is a sequential biological chain reaction that consists of chemotaxis and proliferation of mesenchymal cells and differentiation of bone. Osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein has been purified and the amino acid sequence determined. Recently a family of bone morphogenetic proteins have been cloned and expressed by recombinant DNA technology. The availability of growth and morphogenetic factors will permit the rational design of new bone. The challenge for the biomechanical engineer is to attain mechanically optimal and functionally adaptive new bone for various skeletal prostheses. We are on the threshold for fabrication of new bone based on sound architectural design principles of tissue engineering based on cellular and molecular biology of growth and differentiation factors.
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Kusumah, Billi Rifa, Indra Jaya, Henry M. Manik, and Susilohadi. "ENGINEERING OF ACOUSTIC TECHNOLOGY FOR UNDERWATER POSITIONING OBJECT." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v10i3.21456.
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Underwater Positioning System (UPS) is a system to track the existence of the position of an object by utilizing the arrival time of the signal measurement. On land, the system uses an electromagnetic signal called GPS. However, because it cannot penetrate water effectively, an acoustic signal is used as an alternative. The purpose of this research is to engineer the control system of data acquisition and underwater acoustic device to measure arrival time (TOA) and apply equation model for underwater sound source positioning system. the effective frequency resonance of the transducer and the hydrophone is at a frequency of 6 kHz. The acquisition control device is able to measure the TOA signal with an error on a digital channel smaller than an analog channel. The difference between the TOA values measured by oscilloscope and acquisition control system is caused by inaccuracy of threshold estimates at the receiver's peak detector circuit. The position of the sound source coordinates obtained from the equation model shows the highest difference in depth point (z) compared to points (x) and (y), caused by the equation model used is limited to four hydrophone units forming a horizontal baseline.
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Holzmann, Patrick, Erich Hartlieb, and Michael Roth. "From Engineer to Entrepreneur - Entrepreneurship Education for Engineering Students: The Case of the Entrepreneurial Campus Villach." International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 8, no. 3 (May 28, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v8i3.7942.
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Entrepreneurship education is quite a novel phenomenon that is gaining increasing importance in academia and practice alike. Entrepreneurship education aims to provide the necessary skills and knowledge that enable students to successfully found a new venture. Hitherto entrepreneurship education has not received much attention in engineering pedagogy. This finding is quite surprising because through proper entrepreneurship education engineers can be enabled to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities that result from technological innovation. Thus, we argue that entrepreneurship education should be a cornerstone in engineering education. The paper introduces the ‘Entrepreneurial Campus Villach’ located at the Carinthia University of Applied Sciences (CUAS). The campus is among the first in Austria that provide an extensive and scientifically sound entrepreneurship program. The campus focusses on the four core areas 1) research, 2) teaching, 3) coaching and support, and 4) infrastructure. The paper provides insights for other university and institutions that aim to set up similar concepts.
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Zainal Abidin, Mohd Hazreek, Rosli Saad, Devapriya Chitral Wijeyesekera, Fauziah Ahmad, and Nur Azwin Ismail. "The Influence of Electrical Resistivity Array on its Soil Electrical Resistivity Value." Applied Mechanics and Materials 510 (February 2014): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.510.185.
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Electrical resistivity technique has become a popular alternative tool by the geotechnical engineers in subsurface investigation. This study presents the influence of soil electrical resistivity value (ERV) due to the different types of electrical resistivity array used in practice. The dissimilarity of ERV was become a popular debate by the engineers which posses less fundamental knowledge in this area. In the past, the theory of electrical resistivity technique was less being discovered by the engineer which creates lots of black boxes during the utilization of electrical resistivity method (ERM) in engineering purposes. Hence, the result which produced from the ERM was difficult to deliver in a sound of definitive ways due to lack of knowledge and experienced of most engineers. Hence, this study presents the influence of soil ERV due to the different types of array used with particular reference to as Dipole-dipole and Pole-dipole. A line of electrical resistivity imaging was performed on small embankment of sandy and lateritic soil with different types of array using ABEM SAS (4000) equipment. Three in line of soil samples were tested for moisture content (w) test immediately after the electrical resistivity data acquisition was completely measured. Moreover, particle size distribution test also was performed for all soil samples in order to support the findings. It was found that the ERV was never be the same for each types of array used even on the same particular location of the survey line. However, it was found that there was a consistent relationship between ERV and moisture content for both types of soil tested which can be represent by ERV 1/w. Hence, it was found that ERV produced was relative to the types of array used during the field measurement. Each types of array were applicable to be used in subsurface profiling and its selection was subjected to the target of interest.
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Girdhar, Sunit, Andrew R. Barnard, John LoVerde, and Wayland Dong. "Measuring force and impedance for the tapping machine." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1644.
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The standard tapping machine used for the ASTM and ISO tests does not require the test engineer to measure the input force in the system, instead, just relies on measuring the sound pressure level (SPL) output. However, the input force depends on the assembly itself being tested. The input force levels are lower for lightweight assemblies like hardwood floors as compared to heavyweight assemblies like concrete. Without knowledge of this input force, the output SPL levels cannot and should not be compared using the IIC (Impact Insulation Class) rating. In this work, we measured the input force levels for the same tapping machine on different floors. We also measured the floor impedance for different assemblies and their comparison is also shown. This work shows the importance of measuring input forces for the standard floor-ceiling assembly impact tests
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Maly, Kenneth E., Nadia Malek, Jean-Hugues Fournier, Patricia Rodríguez-Cuamatzi, Thierry Maris, and James D. Wuest. "Engineering crystals built from molecules containing boron." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 7 (January 1, 2006): 1305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678071305.
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The study of compounds containing boron continues to have an important impact on virtually every area of chemistry. One of the few areas in which compounds of boron have been neglected is crystal engineering, which seeks to develop and exploit an understanding of how the structure and properties of crystals are related to the individual atomic or molecular components. Although detailed predictions of crystal structures are not yet reliable, crystal engineers have developed a sound qualitative strategy for anticipating and controlling structural preferences. This strategy is based on the design of special molecules, called tectons, which feature carefully selected cores and multiple peripheral functional groups that can direct association and thereby place neighboring molecules in predetermined positions. Recent work has demonstrated that molecular crystals with unique properties can be constructed logically from tectons with boron in their cores or sticky sites of association. In particular, the -B(OH)2 group of boronic acids engages in reliable patterns of hydrogen bonding, and its use as a sticky site in tectons has emerged as an effective tool for controlling association predictably. In addition, replacement of tetraphenylsilyl or tetraphenylmethyl cores in tectons by tetraphenylborate leaves the overall molecular geometry little changed, but it has the profound effect of introducing charge. Tectons derived from tetraphenylborate can be used rationally to construct porous charged molecular networks that resemble zeolites and undergo selective ion exchange. In such ways, boron offers chemists exciting new ways to engineer molecular crystals with predetermined structures and properties.
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Du, Shi Bin, Guan Yu Tian, Shu Zhong Bai, and Lan Tian. "An ICA-Based Audio Feature Fault Detection Method for Transformer Equipments." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.706.
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Experienced engineers in transformer substation can judge the equipment condition via just listening to the working sounds of electrical equipments. Use audio signal processing applied in engines and other mechanical equipments for reference. A scheme to monitor the working condition of electrical equipments is proposed. Firstly, the basic principles and system structure of this scheme is outlined. It introduces the method of colleting electrical equipments working sounds by Microphone array, because Microphone array form a beam to target the source sound, which can reduce the noise and reverberation. When substation is working, the environmental background interference sounds exist and are independent from electrical working sound. So we can use FastICA algorithm that is based on the largest negentropy to separate the collected sound to several independent source signals. It has the advantage of fast convergence and robust. The simulation result shows this algorithm can effectively separate the multiple independent source signals. The separation accuracy is above 95% for typical sample mixed sounds and the reliability of electrical equipment fault detection system based on audio signal processing is ensured.
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Bech-Hansen, Mikkel. "Musical Instrument Interfaces." A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v2i1.121132.
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Controlling digital tools, instruments or appliances can be a quite tedious task. It could seem as if the huge computational and technological potentials of digital technologies – often internalized and inaccessible – in many cases take precedence over the very interface that is to unleash its powers. The following is a preliminary overview of my motivation and some of the main issues within the context of my research on musical instrument interfaces. My own experiences and frustrations as a musician and sound engineer is probably the primary driving force behind this project. Originally being a drummer, my approach to creating music have always had a very physical and tactile dimension to it. Problems and difficulties arose, however, when I started working with other instruments, such as analog and digital synthesizers, tape machines and computer software. What I am interested in is the interaction between the musician and the relevant instruments or pieces of technology.
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Neale, Ian M. "First generation expert systems: a review of knowledge acquisition methodologies." Knowledge Engineering Review 3, no. 2 (June 1988): 105–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900004288.
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AbstractThis paper reviews a wide range of knowledge acquisition techniques in the context of attempts to achieve a systematic methodology. These have been poorly documented by expert system builders, who are often inclined to overvalue textbooks and the ways experts themselves claim they solve problems. No one method has a universal advantage; each has some value. Techniques should be selected to suit the domain, the task, the expert and the knowledge engineer. Knowledge acquisition involves creating a conceptual model of expert knowledge and reasoning, from analysis of data elicited by these techniques. A survey of the literature indicates increasing emphasis on tools for knowledge acquisition, used directly by experts. Several projects currently directed towards providing a proper epistemological foundation for knowledge acquisition are discussed and compared. None has yet produced a complete epistemologically sound methodology; however, recognition of the need to create a conceptual model at the knowledge level (rather than the symbol level) is an important advance. An extensive bibliography is appended.