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Journal articles on the topic 'Species Hypothesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Haffer, J. "Hypotheses to explain the origin of species in Amazonia." Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 4 suppl (2008): 917–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000500003.

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The main hypotheses proposed to explain barrier formation separating populations and causing the differentiation of species in Amazonia during the course of geological history are based on different factors, as follow: (1) Changes in the distribution of land and sea or in the landscape due to tectonic movements or sea level fluctuations (Paleogeography hypothesis), (2) the barrier effect of Amazonian rivers (River hypothesis), (3) a combination of the barrier effect of broad rivers and vegetational changes in northern and southern Amazonia (River-refuge hypothesis), (4) the isolation of humid

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2

Yannelli, Florencia A., Wayne Dawson, Kleunen Mark van, Jonathan M. Jeschke, and Tina Heger. "Hypothesis Description: Darwin's Naturalisation Hypothesis." Research Ideas and Outcomes 11 (April 1, 2025): e140548. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.11.e140548.

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In this contribution of the <i>Hypothesis Description</i> series, we provide an overview of one of the longest-standing hypotheses in invasion science: Darwin's naturalisation hypothesis. We present a brief summary of past definitions and propose the revised definition "high phylogenetic distance between non-native species and the recipient community increases invasion success". This formulation follows the basic form 'subject – relationship – object', enabling clarity for future research and computational applications in invasion biology. We also provide formalised definitions for previous fo

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Gammon, David E. "How is model selection determined in a vocal mimic?: Tests of five hypotheses." Behaviour 150, no. 12 (2013): 1375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003101.

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Many animal species imitate the sounds of other species, but we know little about why vocal mimics copy some species while failing to copy other species, i.e., ‘model selection’. In this observational study of free-living northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos), I tested five hypotheses of model selection: (1) Proximity hypothesis: preferential imitation of species found in close proximity to the vocal mimic, (2) Aggression hypothesis: preferential imitation of species with which the mimic interacts aggressively, (3) Passive sampling hypothesis: preferential imitation of species heard freque

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Kessler, André, and Aino Kalske. "Plant Secondary Metabolite Diversity and Species Interactions." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 49, no. 1 (2018): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062406.

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Ever since the first plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) were isolated and identified, questions about their ecological functions and diversity have been raised. Recent advances in analytical chemistry and complex data computation, as well as progress in chemical ecology from mechanistic to functional and evolutionary questions, open a new box of hypotheses. Addressing these hypotheses includes the measurement of complex traits, such as chemodiversity, in a context-dependent manner and allows for a deeper understanding of the multifunctionality and functional redundancy of PSMs. Here we review

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Abarenkov, Kessy, Urmas Kõljalg, and R. Henrik Nilsson. "UNITE Species Hypotheses Matching Analysis." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 6 (August 23, 2022): e93856. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.6.93856.

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UNITE (User-friendly Nordic ITS Ectomycorrhizal Database) (Nilsson et al. 2018) is a theoretical and practical platform for calculating, identifying and communicating DNA-based species hypotheses that may not have been described as formal species yet. UNITE species hypotheses (SH) matching analysis is a digital service for the global species discovery from environmental DNA (eDNA). SH matching service is based on UNITE datasets hosted in PlutoF. The tool places a user's unknown DNA sequences in FASTA format into existing UNITE species hypotheses and forms SHs not yet present in the system. Its

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6

Gill, Frank B. "Species taxonomy of birds: Which null hypothesis?" Auk 131, no. 2 (2014): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/auk-13-206.1.

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7

Kalat, James W. "Species differences in intelligence: Which null hypothesis?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10, no. 04 (1987): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00055175.

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8

Leonard, William R. "Australopithecus afarensis and the single species hypothesis." Primates 32, no. 1 (1991): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02381608.

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9

Lepš, Jan. "Species-pool hypothesis: Limits to its testing." Folia Geobotanica 36, no. 1 (2001): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02803137.

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10

Órfão, Inês, Constança Carvalho, Inês Rodrigues, et al. "The role of intrasexual competition on the evolution of male-male courtship display: a systematic review." PeerJ 10 (February 2, 2023): e14638. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14638.

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Background Evidence of male-male courtship display is widespread across the animal kingdom. Yet, its function and evolutionary origin remain unclear. Here, we hypothesise that male-male courtship display evolved in response to selection pressure exerted by intrasexual competition during male-female courtship interactions. Intrasexual competition can be caused by bystander male pressure through eavesdropping and exploiting on displayer male’s courtship interactions with females. This bystander pressure can lead to an audience effect by the displayer, who will change their courtship behaviour in

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11

Zhi-heng, Wang, Tang Zhi-yao, and Fang Jing-yun. "The species-energy hypothesis as a mechanism for species richness patterns." Biodiversity Science 17, no. 6 (2009): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1003.2009.09161.

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12

Rosenzweig, Michael L. "Green roofs: new ecosystems to defend species diversity." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 62, no. 1-2 (2016): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15659801.2015.1121600.

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Many contributions to the symposium seek to expand the role of green roofs in the conservation of biodiversity. Indeed, if green roofs can be harnessed for biodiversity, they will add area to that now available to nature. That would have the mass effect of increasing the sustainable number of species in simple conformity with the species--area relationship. Because all green roofs are novel ecosystems, all represent instances of reconciliation ecology, i.e., re-engineering human uses to permit simultaneous beneficial use by people and nature. Green roofs can provide a large number of experimen

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13

NADLER, S. A., S. D'AMELIO, H. P. FAGERHOLM, B. BERLAND, and L. PAGGI. "Phylogenetic relationships among species of Contracaecum Railliet & Henry, 1912 and Phocascaris Høst, 1932 (Nematoda[ratio ]Ascaridoidea) based on nuclear rDNA sequence data." Parasitology 121, no. 4 (2000): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099006423.

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Nuclear-encoded large-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences were used to infer a phylogenetic hypothesis for 17 taxa (16 nominal species) of the genera Contracaecum and Phocascaris. Phylogenetic trees based on these data have been used to assess the validity of the taxonomic distinction between these genera, which was based on the presence or absence of certain structural features, rather than on explicit hypotheses of evolutionary history. Phylogenetic hypotheses based on parsimony, likelihood, and neighbor-joining analyses of these sequence data strongly support the hypothesis that species of Phoc

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Hare, Jonathan A. "The future of fisheries oceanography lies in the pursuit of multiple hypotheses." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 8 (2014): 2343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu018.

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AbstractFisheries oceanography is largely an applied discipline with a major goal of improving fisheries management and marine conservation. Johan Hjort's critical period hypothesis, and its decedents, remain a dominant theme and focuses on year-class success as mediated by prey availability and feeding. Bottom-up forcing, a related hypothesis, focuses on the sequential transfer of energy through the pelagic foodweb from primary productivity to fishery productivity. Another approach assumes that trophic interactions of adults determine abundance. Fisheries assessment and management, however, i

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15

Xie, Yajun, Zhaozhao Tan, Xuesheng Xu, Yonghong Xie, and Shengsheng Xiao. "Potential Hypotheses Predicting the Patterns of Major Nutrients in Leaves on a Global Scale." Forests 16, no. 1 (2025): 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16010080.

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Climatic force might sharpen the latitudinal gradients of foliar nutrients directly (the Temperature–Plant Physiological hypothesis) or indirectly (either through soil nutrient, the Soil Substrate Age hypothesis, or plant functional type (e.g., herbs and trees) composition, the Species Composition hypothesis). However, the validities, effectiveness, and key drivers of these hypotheses have not been further examined globally. Here, we tested these hypotheses by synthesizing data from 2344 observations of leaf N, leaf P, and leaf K in terrestrial plants. The results indicated that leaves enriche

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Møller, A. P., L. Atkin, and T. R. Birkhead. "Copulation Behaviour of Birds." Behaviour 101, no. 1-3 (1987): 101–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853987x00396.

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AbstractInter-specific variation in copulation behaviour among birds is described. The following factors explaining variation in copulation rate are examined: (i) the number of eggs which have to be fertilized (the fertilization hypothesis), (ii) the importance of the pair-bond (the social bond hypothesis), (iii) predation risk during copulation (the predation hypothesis), and (iv) cuckoldry risk (the sperm competition hypothesis). These hypotheses were investigated in preliminary analyses at the generic level using data on copulation behaviour in 131 bird species. The sperm competition hypoth

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Kreiman, Lucas E., Jaiber J. Solano-Iguaran, Leonardo D. Bacigalupe, and Daniel E. Naya. "Testing the metabolic homeostasis hypothesis in amphibians." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1778 (2019): 20180544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0544.

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A number of hypotheses about compensatory mechanisms that allow ectothermic animals to cope with the latitudinal decrease in ambient temperature ( T A ) have been proposed during the last century. One of these hypotheses, the ‘metabolic homeostasis’ hypothesis (MHH), states that species should show the highest thermal sensitivity of the metabolic rate ( Q 10-SMR ) at the colder end of the range of T A s they usually experience in nature. This way, species should be able to minimize maintenance costs during the colder hours of the day, but quickly take advantage of increases in T A during the w

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18

Müller, Corsin A., and Marta B. Manser. "‘Nasty neighbours’ rather than ‘dear enemies’ in a social carnivore." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1612 (2007): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0222.

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Territorial animals typically respond less aggressively to neighbours than to strangers. This ‘dear enemy effect’ has been explained by differing familiarity or by different threat levels posed by neighbours and strangers. In most species, both the familiarity and the threat-level hypotheses predict a stronger response to strangers than to neighbours. In contrast, the threat-level hypothesis predicts a stronger response to neighbours than to strangers in species with intense competition between neighbours and with residents outnumbering strangers, as commonly found in social mammals such as th

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19

De La Barra, Evans, José Zubieta, Gastón Aguilera, Mabel Maldonado, Marc Pouilly, and Thierry Oberdorff. "¿Qué factores determinan la distribución altitudinal de los peces de ríos tropicales andinos?" Revista de Biología Tropical 64, no. 1 (2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i1.18576.

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Altitudinal gradients represent an appropriate system to assess whether there is a relationship between richness patterns, environmental variables, and the ecological processes that determine the species type and number inhabiting a given area. In mountain streams freshwater fishes, the most prevalent relationship is a monotonic decrease in species richness with elevation. The objective of this study was to evaluate four hypotheses that can explain the negative relationship between local fish species richness and altitude, 1) the hypothesis of decreasing energy availability, 2) the hypothesis

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20

Vázquez, Diego P., and Daniel Simberloff. "Ecological Specialization and Susceptibility to Disturbance: Conjectures and Refutations." American Naturalist 159, no. 6 (2002): 606–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13509059.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Niche breadth of species has been hypothesized to be associated with species' responses to disturbance. Disturbance is usually believed to affect specialists negatively, while generalists are believed to benefit from disturbance; we call this the "specializationdisturbance" hypothesis. We also propose an associated hypothesis (the "specialization-asymmetry-disturbance" hypothesis) under which both specialization and asymmetry of interactions would explain species' responses to disturbance. We test these hypotheses using data from a plant-polli

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Vázquez, Diego P., and Daniel Simberloff. "Ecological Specialization and Susceptibility to Disturbance: Conjectures and Refutations." American Naturalist 159, no. 6 (2002): 606–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13509059.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Niche breadth of species has been hypothesized to be associated with species' responses to disturbance. Disturbance is usually believed to affect specialists negatively, while generalists are believed to benefit from disturbance; we call this the "specializationdisturbance" hypothesis. We also propose an associated hypothesis (the "specialization-asymmetry-disturbance" hypothesis) under which both specialization and asymmetry of interactions would explain species' responses to disturbance. We test these hypotheses using data from a plant-polli

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22

Vázquez, Diego P., and Daniel Simberloff. "Ecological Specialization and Susceptibility to Disturbance: Conjectures and Refutations." American Naturalist 159, no. 6 (2002): 606–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13509059.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Niche breadth of species has been hypothesized to be associated with species' responses to disturbance. Disturbance is usually believed to affect specialists negatively, while generalists are believed to benefit from disturbance; we call this the "specializationdisturbance" hypothesis. We also propose an associated hypothesis (the "specialization-asymmetry-disturbance" hypothesis) under which both specialization and asymmetry of interactions would explain species' responses to disturbance. We test these hypotheses using data from a plant-polli

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23

Vázquez, Diego P., and Daniel Simberloff. "Ecological Specialization and Susceptibility to Disturbance: Conjectures and Refutations." American Naturalist 159, no. 6 (2002): 606–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13509059.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Niche breadth of species has been hypothesized to be associated with species' responses to disturbance. Disturbance is usually believed to affect specialists negatively, while generalists are believed to benefit from disturbance; we call this the "specializationdisturbance" hypothesis. We also propose an associated hypothesis (the "specialization-asymmetry-disturbance" hypothesis) under which both specialization and asymmetry of interactions would explain species' responses to disturbance. We test these hypotheses using data from a plant-polli

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24

Mellert, K. H., V. Fensterer, H. Küchenhoff, et al. "Hypothesis-driven species distribution models for tree species in the Bavarian Alps." Journal of Vegetation Science 22, no. 4 (2011): 635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01274.x.

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25

Coleman, Keith A., and E. O. Wiley. "On Species Individualism: A New Defense of the Species-as-Individuals Hypothesis." Philosophy of Science 68, no. 4 (2001): 498–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/392939.

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26

Martinez, Kelsey A., David J. Gibson, and Beth A. Middleton. "Core-satellite species hypothesis and native versus exotic species in secondary succession." Plant Ecology 216, no. 3 (2015): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-015-0446-z.

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27

LINDENMAYER, D. B., P. W. LANE, M. J. WESTGATE, et al. "An Empirical Assessment of the Focal Species Hypothesis." Conservation Biology 28, no. 6 (2014): 1594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12330.

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28

Eriksson, Ove. "The Species-Pool Hypothesis and Plant Community Diversity." Oikos 68, no. 2 (1993): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3544854.

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During, Heinjo J., and Francisco Lloret. "The species-pool hypothesis from a bryological perspective." Folia Geobotanica 36, no. 1 (2001): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02803139.

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Foufopoulos, Johannes, Yilun Zhao, Kinsey M. Brock, Panayiotis Pafilis, and Efstratios D. Valakos. "Predation Risk, and Not Shelter or Food Availability, as the Main Determinant of Reproduction Investment in Island Lizards." Animals 13, no. 23 (2023): 3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13233689.

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Reproductive investment, including the number of offspring produced, is one of the fundamental characteristics of a species. It is particularly important for island vertebrates, which face a disproportionate number of threats to their survival, because it predicts, among other things, a species’ resilience to environmental disruption. Taxa producing more offspring recover more quickly from environmental perturbations and survive environmental change better. However, ecologists do not understand which primary drivers shape a species’ reproductive investment well. Here, we compare the reproducti

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Mambretti, Francesco, Nicolò Pedrani, Luca Casiraghi, Elvezia Maria Paraboschi, Tommaso Bellini, and Samir Suweis. "OxDNA to Study Species Interactions." Entropy 24, no. 4 (2022): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24040458.

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Molecular ecology uses molecular genetic data to answer traditional ecological questions in biogeography and biodiversity, among others. Several ecological principles, such as the niche hypothesis and the competitive exclusions, are based on the fact that species compete for resources. More in generally, it is now recognized that species interactions play a crucial role in determining the coexistence and abundance of species. However, experimentally controllable platforms, which allow us to study and measure competitions among species, are rare and difficult to implement. In this work, we sugg

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Foellmer, Matthias W., and Kapil K. Khadka. "Does personality explain variation in the probability of sexual cannibalism in the orb-web spider Argiope aurantia?" Behaviour 150, no. 14 (2013): 1731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003117.

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Sexual cannibalism is often hypothesized to be an extreme manifestation of sexual conflict, yet we still lack a good understanding of the underlying motivation in most species. Hypotheses for the ultimate causes of sexual cannibalism either invoke the behavior as adaptive or mal-adaptive. Adaptive hypotheses consider foraging decisions, mate choice or genetic bet-hedging. Mal-adaptive hypotheses propose that sexual cannibalism is the result of mistaken species identity or the by-product of an aggression syndrome. Here, we test the latter hypothesis, that sexual cannibalism is the result of an

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Cameron, David W. "The Single Species Hypothesis and Hispanopithecus Fossils from the Vallés Penedés Basin, Spain app:1." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 82, no. 2-3 (1999): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/82/1999/159.

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Buerger, S., A. Spoering, E. Gavrish, C. Leslin, L. Ling, and S. S. Epstein. "Microbial Scout Hypothesis and Microbial Discovery." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 9 (2012): 3229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07308-11.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, we examine the temporal pattern of colony appearance during cultivation experiments, and whether this pattern could inform on optimizing the process of microbial discovery. In a series of long-term cultivation experiments, we observed an expected gradual increase over time of the total number of microbial isolates, culminating in a 700-fold colony count increase at 18 months. Conventional thought suggests that long-term incubations result in a culture collection enriched with species that are slow growing or rare, may be unavailable from short-term experiments, and likel

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Tuomi, Juha, Juho Lämsä, Lauri Wannas, Thomas Abeli, and Anne Jäkäläniemi. "Pollinator Behaviour on a Food-Deceptive OrchidCalypso bulbosaand Coflowering Species." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/482161.

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Food deception as a pollination strategy has inspired many studies over the last few decades. Pollinator deception has evolved in many orchids possibly to enhance outcrossing. Food-deceptive orchids usually have low pollinator visitation rates as compared to rewarding species. They may benefit in visitations from the presence (magnet-species hypothesis) or, alternatively, absence of coflowering rewarding species (competition hypothesis). We present data on pollinator visitations on a deceptive, terrestrial orchidCalypso bulbosa, a species with a single flower per plant and whose flowering peri

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Cooper, Mark. "A Latitudinal Gradient in Species Richness of Subgenus Tetraconasoma Verhoeff, 1924, not Sphaerotherium Brandt, 1833 (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida)?" International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 5, no. 6 (2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000413.

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The Tropical Conservativism Hypothesis and Biogeographical Conservativism Hypothesis were tested in forest millipedes. Latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) was measured in the genus Sphaerotherium and Tetraconasoma to distinguish between the two hypotheses. There was a marginally significant correlation between the number of species and latitudinal degrees away from the equator in Tetraconasoma (r=-0.78091517, Z score=-1.48168825, n=5, p=0.06921166), not Sphaerotherium (r=-0.73029674, Z score=-0.92936295, n=4, p=0.17635049). The relationship in Tetraconasoma was shown to be significant (Spearm

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White, Craig R., Lesley A. Alton, and Peter B. Frappell. "Metabolic cold adaptation in fishes occurs at the level of whole animal, mitochondria and enzyme." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1734 (2011): 1740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2060.

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Metabolic cold adaptation (MCA), the hypothesis that species from cold climates have relatively higher metabolic rates than those from warm climates, was first proposed nearly 100 years ago and remains one of the most controversial hypotheses in physiological ecology. In the present study, we test the MCA hypothesis in fishes at the level of whole animal, mitochondria and enzyme. In support of the MCA hypothesis, we find that when normalized to a common temperature, species with ranges that extend to high latitude (cooler climates) have high aerobic enzyme (citrate synthase) activity, high rat

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Whiteside, Mark A., Jayden O. van Horik, Ellis J. G. Langley, Christine E. Beardsworth, and Joah R. Madden. "Size dimorphism and sexual segregation in pheasants: tests of three competing hypotheses." PeerJ 6 (September 28, 2018): e5674. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5674.

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Fine scale sexual segregation outside of the mating season is common in sexually dimorphic and polygamous species, particularly in ungulates. A number of hypotheses predict sexual segregation but these are often contradictory with no agreement as to a common cause, perhaps because they are species specific. We explicitly tested three of these hypotheses which are commonly linked by a dependence on sexual dimorphism for animals which exhibit fine-scale sexual segregation; the Predation Risk Hypothesis, the Forage Selection Hypothesis, and the Activity Budget Hypothesis, in a single system the p

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Rintamäkt, Pekka T., Jon R. Stone, and Arne Lundberg. "Seasonal and Diurnal Body-Mass Fluctuations for two Nonhoarding Species of Parus in Sweden Modeled Using Path Analysis." Auk 120, no. 3 (2003): 658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.3.658.

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Abstract According to the hypothesis that has been invoked most frequently to explain seasonal fattening patterns for birds—the “adaptive winter-fattening hypothesis”—individuals respond to worsening foraging conditions by increasing body mass and energy reserves. Two hypotheses have been proposed equally frequently to explain daily weight gain patterns for birds: according to the “state-dependent foraging hypothesis,” energy reserves should be amassed early during the day, when starvation risk increases; according to the “mass-dependent predation-risk hypothesis,” mass gain should be delayed

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Kelley, Trish C., Jeff W. Higdon, and Steven H. Ferguson. "Large testes and brain sizes in odontocetes (order Cetacea, suborder Odontoceti): the influence of mating system on encephalization." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 8 (2014): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0044.

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Little is known about their mating systems, but odontocetes may utilize the same types of mating systems as terrestrial mammals. Species with relatively large testes are likely to be polygynandrous, while species with smaller testes and greater sexual size dimorphism (SSD) are predicted to be polygynous. The “Machiavellian intelligence or sexual conflict” hypothesis predicts that polygynadrous species also evolved larger brains both to coerce conspecifics to mate and to resist mating attempts by undesirable mates. The “costly tissue” hypothesis predicts that species investing heavily in testes

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Delrieu-Trottin, Erwan, Kang-Ning Shen, Chih-Wei Chang, and Philippe Borsa. "One Species Hypothesis to Rule Them All: Consistency Is Essential to Delimitate Species." Journal of Heredity 108, no. 3 (2017): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esx008.

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Niwa, Hiro-Sato, Kazuya Nashida, and Takashi Yanagimoto. "Reproductive skew in Japanese sardine inferred from DNA sequences." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 9 (2016): 2181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw070.

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Abstract An excess of low-frequency mutations is a ubiquitous characteristic of many marine species, and may be explained by three hypotheses. First, the demographic expansion hypothesis postulates that many species experienced a post-glacial expansion following a Pleistocene population bottleneck. The second invokes some form of natural selection, such as directional selection and selective sweeps. The third explanation, the reproductive skew hypothesis, postulates that high variation in individual reproductive success in many marine species influences genetic diversity. In this study, we foc

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Bohdziewicz, Jerzy, and Gabriel Czachor. "Dissipation of Energy in Tissues of Berry Fruit of Selected Plants Species under Cyclic Load Conditions." Agricultural Engineering 20, no. 4 (2016): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2016-0059.

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Abstract Dissipation hypothesis of energy under cyclic loads conditions was used to characterize the behavior of berry fruit. The possibility of dissipation of energy as a result of plastic deformations (Dawidenkow hypothesis) or visco-elastic deformations (Voigt hypothesis) was considered. Tests of hysteresis of whole fruit squeezed among two rigid plates for various levels of load and with various speeds of deformation of samples for two directions of load application were conducted for verification of the usefulness of both hypotheses. The strength tests were preceded by the test of hystere

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Béguinot, Jean. "Testing for congruence between the oviposition behaviour of leaf-mining insects and the degree of phylogenetic relatedness among either mining species or hosts species: a case study within the mining moth genus Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 1, no. 1 (2019): 004–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2019.1.1.0006.

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In leaf-mining insects, the oviposition behaviour is especially critical for the welfare of the future brood, the latter being usually doomed to develop entirely within the host-leaf selected for egg-laying by the ovipositing females. As, moreover, oviposition behaviour in leaf miners depends upon the taxonomic identities of both the mining-insect and the host, one can thus speculate that the patterns of oviposition behaviour of different leaf-mining species could be more or less congruent with either the degree of phylogenetic relatedness of the leaf-mining species themselves or the degree of

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Maelzer, DA. "Fruit-Fly Outbreaks in Adelaide, Sa, From 1948-49 to 1986-87 .1. Demarcation, Frequency and Temporal Patterns of Outbreaks." Australian Journal of Zoology 38, no. 4 (1990): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9900439.

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South Australia, and particularly metropolitan Adelaide, can be invaded each summer by either of two pestilent species of fruit fly, namely Dacus tryoni, the Queensland fruit fly, and Ceratitis capitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly. Since 1946-47 a campaign has been conducted to eradicate outbreaks of either species whenever they occur. This paper is the first of a series which examines the efficacy of the eradication program up to 1986-87 by attempting to test the hypothesis that there is (or has been) an association between outbreaks in successive years. The data suggest that there was a cha

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Gianoli, Ernesto, and Cristian Salgado-Luarte. "Tolerance to herbivory and the resource availability hypothesis." Biology Letters 13, no. 5 (2017): 20170120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0120.

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The resource availability hypothesis (RAH), the most successful theory explaining plant defence patterns, predicts that defence investment is related to the relative growth rate (RGR) of plant species, which is associated with habitat quality. Thus, fast-growing species should show lower resistance than slow-growing species, which would lead fast growers to sustain higher herbivory rates, but the fitness consequences of herbivory would be greater for slow growers. The latter is often assumed but rarely tested. In a temperate rainforest, we tested the expected pattern of tolerance to herbivory

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Kingsford, MJ, EA Krunes, and AE Hall. "Testing the critical size at settlement hypothesis for two species of coral reef fish." Marine Ecology Progress Series 681 (January 6, 2022): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13920.

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The critical size hypothesis states that pelagic larvae (vertebrate or invertebrate) must reach a critical size to begin metamorphosis and settle to their suitable reef habitat; however, there have been few critical tests of its broader validity. If there were a narrower range of ages at settlement relative to size, then the data would conform to a critical age hypothesis. It would also be predicted that size or age would be truncated respectively at the lower limit for each hypothesis. These hypotheses were tested for 2 species of coral reef fish from the Great Barrier Reef. Variation in age

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Zhi-yao, Tang, Wang Zhi-heng, and Fang Jing-yun. "Historical hypothesis in explaining spatial patterns of species richness." Biodiversity Science 17, no. 6 (2009): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1003.2009.09143.

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EVANS, K. L., and K. J. GASTON. "Can the evolutionary-rates hypothesis explain species-energy relationships?" Functional Ecology 19, no. 6 (2005): 899–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01046.x.

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Weithoff, G. "The intermediate disturbance hypothesis--species diversity or functional diversity?" Journal of Plankton Research 23, no. 10 (2001): 1147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/23.10.1147.

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