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Journal articles on the topic 'Speech reinforcement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Crespo, Joao B., and Richard C. Hendriks. "Multizone Speech Reinforcement." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 22, no. 1 (2014): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2013.2283100.

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Gibson, Jerry, and Hoontaek Oh. "A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Speech Coding." Information 13, no. 7 (2022): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13070331.

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Speech coding is an essential technology for digital cellular communications, voice over IP, and video conferencing systems. For more than 25 years, the main approach to speech coding for these applications has been block-based analysis-by-synthesis linear predictive coding. An alternative approach that has been less successful is sample-by-sample tree coding of speech. We reformulate this latter approach as a multistage reinforcement learning problem with L step lookahead that incorporates exploration and exploitation to adapt model parameters and to control the speech analysis/synthesis proc

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Mardhatillah, Elsy. "Teacher’s Reinforcement in English Classroom in MTSS Darul Makmur Sungai Cubadak." Indonesian Research Journal On Education 3, no. 1 (2022): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/irje.v3i1.202.

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This research was due to some problems found in MTsS Darul Makmur. First, some students were not motivated in learning. Second, sometime the teacher still uses Indonesian in giving reinforcements. Third, some Students did not care about the teacher's reinforcement. This study aimed to find out the types of reinforcement used by the teacher. Then, to find out the types of reinforcement often and rarely to be usedby the teacher. Then, to find out the reasons the teacher used certain reinforcements. Last, to find out how the teacher understands the reinforcement. This research used a qualitative

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Ravikiran, Pichika, and Midhun Chakkaravarthy. "Enhancing Speech-to-Text Conversion with Convolutional Reinforcement Learning Algorithms." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 8 (2024): 1118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24515225027.

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CHOI, Jae-Hun, Joon-Hyuk CHANG, and Seong-Ro LEE. "Efficient Speech Reinforcement Based on Low-Bit-Rate Speech Coding Parameters." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E93-A, no. 9 (2010): 1684–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e93.a.1684.

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Alkaher, Yehav, and Israel Cohen. "Temporal Howling Detector for Speech Reinforcement Systems." Acoustics 4, no. 4 (2022): 967–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics4040060.

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In this paper, we address the problem of howling detection in speech reinforcement system applications for utilization in howling control mechanisms. A general speech reinforcement system acquires speech from a speaker’s microphone, and delivers a reinforced speech to other listeners in the same room, or another room, through loudspeakers. The amount of gain that can be applied to the acquired speech in the closed-loop system is constrained by electro-acoustic coupling in the system, manifested in howling noises appearing as a result of acoustic feedback. A howling detection algorithm aims to

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Ortega, A., E. Lleida, and E. Masgrau. "Speech reinforcement system for car cabin communications." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 13, no. 5 (2005): 917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsa.2005.853006.

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Pak, Junhyeong, Inyong Choi, Yu Gwang Jin, and Jong Won Shin. "Multichannel speech reinforcement based on binaural unmasking." Signal Processing 139 (October 2017): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2017.04.021.

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Czyzewski, Andrzej. "Optimizing medical personnel speech recognition models using speech synthesis and reinforcement learning." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A202—A203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023271.

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Text-to-Speech synthesis (TTS) can be used to generate training data for building Automatic Speech Recognition models (ASR). Access to medical speech data is because it is sensitive data that is difficult to obtain for privacy reasons. Speech can be synthesized by mimicking different accents, dialects, and speaking styles in a medical language. Reinforcement Learning (RL), in the context of ASR, can be used to optimize a model. A model can be trained to minimize errors in speech-to-text transcription, especially for technical medical terminology. In this case, the “reward” to the RL model can

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Isaac, Samson, Khalid Haruna, Muhammad Aminu Ahmad, and Rabi Mustapha. "DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING WITH HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION." JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 3, no. 1 (2023): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jtin.01.2023.01.05.

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Nowadays, many applications uses speech recognition especially the field of computer science and electronics, Speech Recognition (SR) is the interpretation of words spoken into a text. It is also known as Speech-To-Text (STT) or Automatic-Speech-Recognition(ASR), or just Word-Recognition(WR). The Hidden-Markov-Model (HMM) is a type of Markov model, which means that the future state of the model depends on the current state, not on the entire history of the system and the goal of HMM is to learn a sequence of hidden states from a set of known states. The Long-Short-Time-Memory (LSTM) network is

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DiLuzio, Lynette. "What to Do When You Don't Know What to Do: Dealing With Challenging Behaviors in a Therapeutic Session." Perspectives on School-Based Issues 16, no. 1 (2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sbi16.1.11.

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Many speech-language pathologists experience students who demonstrate challenging behaviors during sessions both in the classroom and in the therapy room. Positive reinforcement and other traditional supports can ameliorate these behaviors. However, when students become used to these methods, speech-language pathologists are often at a loss and must look to other methods to work through the challenging behaviors. Themes explored in this article include changing perspectives on “behavior,” building relationships, constructing the treatment environment, and reinforcement schedules.

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Zhao, Xin, and Jiangbo Wu. "A reinforcement learning-based algorithm for discrete dynamic stochastic recognition of speech dialog emotions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2898, no. 1 (2024): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2898/1/012046.

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Abstract At present, the most common speech dialogue emotion discrete dynamic random recognition calculation natural language processing is mostly independent processing of object data, and the recognition efficiency is low, resulting in the infinite increase of the final FRP value. According to the current recognition requirements, speech data resource collection and speech recognition are carried out first, and a multi-level method is adopted to improve the recognition efficiency and realize multi-level processing and sentiment analysis of natural speech. Based on this, a discrete dynamic ra

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Cai, Shaokang, Dezhi Han, Dun Li, Zibin Zheng, and Noel Crespi. "An reinforcement learning-based speech censorship chatbot system." Journal of Supercomputing 78, no. 6 (2022): 8751–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-04251-z.

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Carr, James E., and Lisa N. Britton. "Idiosyncratic effects of noncontingent reinforcement on problematic speech." Behavioral Interventions 14, no. 1 (1999): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-078x(199901/03)14:1<37::aid-bin28>3.0.co;2-z.

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15

Silman, Shlomo, Carol A. Silverman, and Michele B. Emmer. "Central Auditory Processing Disorders and Reduced Motivation: Three Case Studies." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 11, no. 02 (2000): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1748010.

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AbstractThe central auditory test results for three normal-hearing children who were initially diagnosed as having a central auditory processing disorder and learning disability are presented. They were referred to the authors for second-opinion consultations. Central auditory processing retesting was performed by the authors under the condition of no reinforcement and then the condition of reinforcement with the child's favorite food, hobby, or toy. For all three cases, the central auditory test scores improved markedly bilaterally under the condition of reinforcement as compared with the con

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Fan, ZiSheng. "An exploration of reinforcement learning and deep reinforcement learning." Applied and Computational Engineering 73, no. 1 (2024): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/73/20240386.

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Today, machine learning is evolving so quickly that new algorithms are always appearing. Deep neural networks in particular have shown positive outcomes in a variety of areas, including computer vision, natural language processing, and time series prediction. Its development moves at a very sluggish pace due to the high threshold. Therefore, a thorough examination of the reinforcement learning field should be required. This essay examines both the deep learning algorithm and the reinforcement learning operational procedure. The study identifies information retrieval, data mining, intelligent s

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Rahman, Ahmad Fadilahtur. "TUTUR PUJIAN GURU DALAM INTERAKSI PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 13, no. 1 (2016): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v13i1.10.

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This study aimed to describe the form and function apreciation speech act in the interaction in the classroom. This study used descriptive qualitative approach. From the research found a form of apreciation speech act in the learning interaction in the form of declarative sentences, sentence introgatif, and imperative sentences. While the function of speech act earned praise for smoothing function apreciation, smoothes warning, advise, and provide reinforcement.

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AKKAPLAN, Selvet, Merve ÖZBAL BATUK, and Gonca SENNAROĞLU. "İşitme cihazı kullanıcısı bebeklerin görsel pekiştirmeli konuşmayı ayırt etme yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi: Olgu serisi." Turkish Journal of Audiology And Hearing Research 4, no. 3 (2021): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34034/tjahr.987479.

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Evaluation of babies with hearing aids using visual reinforced ınfant speech discrimination method: A case series Speech perception measurements are an important part of the audiology test battery. It is important to investigate hearing loss in the early period and to evaluate the auditory pathway in terms of speech perception for appropriate amplification. Due to the level of language development in infants, it is not possible to objectively evaluate speech perception skills with the speech test battery used in adults. It is necessary to use a test battery that gives objective results for the

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Molina, Carlos, Nestor Becerra Yoma, Fernando Huenupán, Claudio Garretón, and Jorge Wuth. "Maximum Entropy-Based Reinforcement Learning Using a Confidence Measure in Speech Recognition for Telephone Speech." IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 18, no. 5 (2010): 1041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2032618.

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20

Lee, Kai-Fu, and Sanjoy Mahajan. "Corrective and reinforcement learning for speaker-independent continuous speech recognition." Computer Speech & Language 4, no. 3 (1990): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-2308(90)90006-r.

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21

Tjandra, Andros, Sakriani Sakti, and Satoshi Nakamura. "End-to-End Speech Recognition Sequence Training With Reinforcement Learning." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 79758–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2922617.

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22

Shin, Jong Won, and Nam Soo Kim. "Perceptual Reinforcement of Speech Signal Based on Partial Specific Loudness." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 14, no. 11 (2007): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2007.900222.

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23

Di Berardino, Federica, Stella Forti, Valentina Mattei, Dario Alpini, and Antonio Cesarani. "Non-verbal visual reinforcement affects speech audiometry in the elderly." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 267, no. 9 (2010): 1367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-010-1254-7.

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24

Shitov, Denis, Elena Pirogova, Tadeusz A. Wysocki, and Margaret Lech. "Deep Reinforcement Learning for Articulatory Synthesis in a Vowel-to-Vowel Imitation Task." Sensors 23, no. 7 (2023): 3437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073437.

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Articulatory synthesis is one of the approaches used for modeling human speech production. In this study, we propose a model-based algorithm for learning the policy to control the vocal tract of the articulatory synthesizer in a vowel-to-vowel imitation task. Our method does not require external training data, since the policy is learned through interactions with the vocal tract model. To improve the sample efficiency of the learning, we trained the model of speech production dynamics simultaneously with the policy. The policy was trained in a supervised way using predictions of the model of s

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Uhler, Kristin M., Rosalinda Baca, Emily Dudas, and Tammy Fredrickson. "Refining Stimulus Parameters in Assessing Infant Speech Perception Using Visual Reinforcement Infant Speech Discrimination: Sensation Level." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 10 (2015): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14093.

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Background: Speech perception measures have long been considered an integral piece of the audiological assessment battery. Currently, a prelinguistic, standardized measure of speech perception is missing in the clinical assessment battery for infants and young toddlers. Such a measure would allow systematic assessment of speech perception abilities of infants as well as the potential to investigate the impact early identification of hearing loss and early fitting of amplification have on the auditory pathways. Purpose: To investigate the impact of sensation level (SL) on the ability of infants

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Kostek, Bozena, Sebastian Laskowski, and Karolina Mizgier. "Modeling and Designing Acoustical Conditions of the Interior - Case Study." Archives of Acoustics 41, no. 3 (2016): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2016-0044.

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Abstract The primary aim of this research study was to model acoustic conditions of the Courtyard of the Gdańsk University of Technology Main Building, and then to design a sound reinforcement system for this interior. First, results of measurements of the parameters of the acoustic field are presented. Then, the comparison between measured and predicted values using the ODEON program is shown. Collected data indicate a long reverberation time which results in poor speech intelligibility. Then, a thorough analysis is perform to improve the acoustic properties of the model of the interior inves

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Muyassar, Abduxamidova. "GENDER DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN'S AND WOMEN'S SPEECH IN THE CULTURE, LANGUAGE, AND LITERATURE OF THE EASTERN NATIONS." ZDIF 2, no. 10 (2023): 32–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8256194.

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This article explores the unique speech patterns exhibited by men and women in Eastern cultures, with a specific focus on Turkey and Central Asia. It examines the impact of historical, cultural, and societal factors on the linguistic variations observed in these regions. The article highlights differences in lexicon, tone, pitch, and nonverbal communication, shedding light on how gender roles and expectations shape speech patterns. Furthermore, it discusses the influence of these speech patterns on literature and cultural expressions, emphasizing the representation of gendered characters and t

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Li, Qian, Nan Li, Yan Wang, Zheng Li, Mengyun Tian, and Yihan Zhang. "Assessing Acoustic Conditions in Hybrid Classrooms for Chinese Speech Intelligibility at the Remote End." Buildings 15, no. 11 (2025): 1909. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15111909.

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Blended Synchronous Learning helps teachers and students communicate without geographical restrictions. The effect of communication between the face-to-face end and the remote end was not only affected by the performance of the equipment but also by the acoustic conditions in the classroom. This paper measured the acoustic parameters in the hybrid classrooms and conducted subjective speech intelligibility tests. It was found that for the hybrid classroom with a decentralized sound reinforcement system, the background noise level was high because lots of equipment was needed for synchronous lea

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CHOI, Jae-Hun, Woo-Sang PARK, and Joon-Hyuk CHANG. "Speech Reinforcement Based on Soft Decision under Far-End Noise Environments." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E92-A, no. 8 (2009): 2116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e92.a.2116.

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Gayathri, R., and K. Sheela Sobana Rani. "Implementation of Hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning Technique for Speech Signal Classification." Computer Systems Science and Engineering 46, no. 1 (2023): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/csse.2023.032491.

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31

Muscarà, Giovanni, Alessandra Vergallito, Valentina Letorio, et al. "Improving Stuttering Through Augmented Multisensory Feedback Stimulation." Brain Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15030246.

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Background/Objectives: Stuttering is a speech disorder involving fluency disruptions like repetitions, prolongations, and blockages, often leading to emotional distress and social withdrawal. Here, we present Augmented Multisensory Feedback Stimulation (AMFS), a novel personalized intervention to improve speech fluency in people who stutter (PWS). AMFS includes a five-day intensive phase aiming at acquiring new skills, plus a reinforcement phase designed to facilitate the transfer of these skills across different contexts and their automatization into effortless behaviors. The concept of our i

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Nesteruk, Jeffrey. "Corporate Speech as Commercial Speech: A Response to Mayer's Nike V. Kasky Analysis." Business Ethics Quarterly 17, no. 1 (2007): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200717115.

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ABSTRACT:Raising the issue of corporate moral agency in our examination of the morality of corporate speech is important for two fundamental reasons. Each reason suggests we exercise caution in conflating corporations and individuals as the law often does. First, raising the issue of corporate moral agency is important to the aim of providing a framework for ethically evaluating corporate speech. It is tempting to proceed as if the nature of corporate speech is self-evident. But this is hardly the case. Corporations are not natural persons, and we mustn't assume corporate speech is indistingui

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Prykhodko, Tetyana, and Karina Obukhovska. "CORRECTION OF THE GRAMMATICAL ASPEKT OF SPEECH IN OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH GENERAL SPEECH UNDERDEVELOPMENT DURING DISTANCE LEARNING." Collection of Scientific Papers of Uman State Pedagogical University, no. 4 (October 30, 2024): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.31499/2307-4906.4.2024.316470.

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The article explores the correction of grammatical aspects of speech in older preschool children with general speech underdevelopment within a distance learning framework. It substantiates research on effective correction methods and describes the potential for developing grammatical skills in children with speech underdevelopment through a comprehensive approach. This approach incorporates interactive technologies, consistent reinforcement of grammatical skills, and active parental involvement in the corrective learning process.Additionally, the article addresses pedagogical aspects of organi

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Goodman, Julie, and Bob Remington. "Acquisition of expressive signing: comparison of reinforcement strategies." Augmentative and Alternative Communication 9, no. 1 (1993): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434619312331276381.

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Idemaru, Kaori, Adam A. Bramlett, and Vsevolod Kapatsinski. "Learning from a single cue: Is phonetic learning dimension-based?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015928.

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Phonetic cue-weighting, the process of altering the weights of certain dimensions (e.g., F0) in the speech signal, is a fundamental process in speech perception. Cue-reweighting is the process of adaptation required for understanding new accents and learning second language speech contrasts; however, little is understood about the underlying mechanisms. Harmon et al. (2019) examined three candidate mechanisms (distributional, supervised, and reinforcement learning) showing evidence for reinforcement learning. The current study investigates Harmon et al.’s (2019) assumed phonetic dimensions by

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Shuvarova, S., V. Sevastyanov, E. Borisova, and N. Leontyeva. "the Disorders of Emotional and Volitional Spheres in Preschool Children with Speech Pathology." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71318-5.

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Objective:To study the peculiarity of emotional and volitional spheres in preschool children with speech pathology.Methods:250 children aged from 2 to 7 years old with speech pathology were examined. the following kinds of speech disorders were educed: impressive speech disorders - 9,2 %, expressive speech disorders - 31,2%, mixed speech disorders - 59,6 %. Due to the seriousness of the speech disorders the children were divided into 3 groups.Results:The educed disorders develop in the following psychopathological syndromes: neurotic, autism-like, hyperdynamic. in 62% of children with impressi

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Widen, Judith. "Behavioral Screening of High-Risk Infants Using Visual Reinforcement Audiometry." Seminars in Hearing 11, no. 04 (1990): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1085514.

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38

Jailani, Adi Idham, Nazarul Azali Razali, Ahmad Harith Syah Md Yusuf, Ariff Imran Anuar Yatim, and Nor Atifah Mohamad. "Worchitect: An English Grammar (Parts of Speech) Card Game." International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 2, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v2i1.7361.

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Mastery of the English grammar is an intricate subject. Conventional teaching and learning of the English grammar have found to be an arduous task for teachers and a lacklustre one for students. The traditional pen and paper method often cause second language (L2) learners to become unmotivated in understanding this important element of the language. Thus, it is critical to provide L2 learners with the motivation to engage learning grammar in a more meaningful and purposive process. An ideal way to provide such learning experiences is through the use of language games that accommodate L2 learn

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Harahap, Yulina Oktaviani. "PELATIHAN BERPIDATO BAHASA INGGRIS PADA MAHASISWI DI AKADEMI KEBIDANAN BARUNA HUSADA SIBUHUAN." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Aufa (JPMA) 5, no. 2 (2023): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51933/jpma.v5i2.1086.

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Speaking is a crucial component of language proficiency that students need to possess in order to be able to communicate in English. One of the approach to improve their English-speaking skills, boost their self-esteem, exchange ideas, and express themselves to an audience in speech. The descriptive study's analysis of students' speaking capabilities was its main objective. During a speech at Akbid Baruna Husada academic year 2022/2023. Ten students who were chosen at random to participate in the study. The information was gathered through a speaking exam in which the students were required to

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Amalia Isnaini, Amir Mahmud, and Saifullah. "WARNING DAN KONSEKWENSI HATE SPEECH DALAM AL-QUR’AN (Tafsir Tematik Ayat-Ayat “Hate Speech”)." Multicultural Islamic Education 7, no. 1 (2023): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/ims.v7i1.4889.

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Hate speech becomes an unrest in society as a nation and state. This is due to concerns that hate speech could disrupt the harmony of society which has been running well. Hate speech seems to be increasingly finding an effective place to be carried out when social media is starting to be widely owned by people in Indonesia. In this way, hate speech becomes even more disturbing. This type of research is qualitative with data collection techniques using a library research approach. The data collection process was carried out by reading related literature, in the form of journals, books, ar

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Grebowicz, Margret. "Democracy and Pornography: On Speech, Rights, Privacies, and Pleasures in Conflict." Hypatia 26, no. 1 (2011): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01123.x.

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This article investigates the intersections of secrecy/interiority, the state, and speech/expression, and their implications for the rights of women. I propose a critique of commercial pornography that reanimates MacKinnon's claim that pornography and American democracy are in a relationship of mutual reinforcement, and incorporates poststructuralist (Lyotard, Baudrillard, and Butler) commitments to secrecy and unintelligibility, as well as their role in the production of pleasure.

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Xu, Xinmeng, Weiping Tu, and Yuhong Yang. "Selector-Enhancer: Learning Dynamic Selection of Local and Non-local Attention Operation for Speech Enhancement." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 11 (2023): 13853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i11.26622.

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Attention mechanisms, such as local and non-local attention, play a fundamental role in recent deep learning based speech enhancement (SE) systems. However, a natural speech contains many fast-changing and relatively briefly acoustic events, therefore, capturing the most informative speech features by indiscriminately using local and non-local attention is challenged. We observe that the noise type and speech feature vary within a sequence of speech and the local and non-local can respectively process different types of corrupted speech regions. To leverage this, we propose Selector-Enhancer,

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Hao, Xiang, Chenglin Xu, Lei Xie, and Haizhou Li. "Optimizing the Perceptual Quality of Time-Domain Speech Enhancement with Reinforcement Learning." Tsinghua Science and Technology 27, no. 6 (2022): 939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26599/tst.2021.9010048.

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Chen, Chen, Yuchen Hu, Qiang Zhang, Heqing Zou, Beier Zhu, and Eng Siong Chng. "Leveraging Modality-Specific Representations for Audio-Visual Speech Recognition via Reinforcement Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 11 (2023): 12607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i11.26484.

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Audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) has gained remarkable success for ameliorating the noise-robustness of speech recognition. Mainstream methods focus on fusing audio and visual inputs to obtain modality-invariant representations. However, such representations are prone to over-reliance on audio modality as it is much easier to recognize than video modality in clean conditions. As a result, the AVSR model underestimates the importance of visual stream in face of noise corruption. To this end, we leverage visual modality-specific representations to provide stable complementary information f

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Widen, Judith E., and Gwendolyn M. OʼGrady. "Using visual reinforcement audiometry in the assessment of hearing in infants." Hearing Journal 55, no. 11 (2002): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000324169.66607.69.

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Wan, Genshun, Tingzhi Mao, Jingxuan Zhang, Hang Chen, Jianqing Gao, and Zhongfu Ye. "Grammar-Supervised End-to-End Speech Recognition with Part-of-Speech Tagging and Dependency Parsing." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (2023): 4243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074243.

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For most automatic speech recognition systems, many unacceptable hypothesis errors still make the recognition results absurd and difficult to understand. In this paper, we introduce the grammar information to improve the performance of the grammatical deviation distance and increase the readability of the hypothesis. The reinforcement of word embedding with grammar embedding is presented to intensify the grammar expression. An auxiliary text-to-grammar task is provided to improve the performance of the recognition results with the downstream task evaluation. Furthermore, the multiple evaluatio

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Parmar, Ranbir S., and Zack Z. Cernovsky. "Self-Reinforcement Scores of Psychiatric Inpatients and Normal Controls." Psychological Reports 72, no. 1 (1993): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.1.35.

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Heiby's 1982 self-reinforcement questionnaire (a measure of the ability to reward oneself selectively for constructive behaviors or efforts and to nurture a positive self-image by means of a supportive internal speech) was administered to 12 normal controls (psychiatric nurses), 11 paranoid schizophrenic patients (DSM-III—R), 8 bipolar patients currently manic (DSM-III—R), and 12 inpatients treated for substance abuse (DSM-III—R). No significant mean differences were found on analysis of variance. The means of the groups of psychiatric inpatients and of normal persons are comparable to means o

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Benabed, Ammar. "The Linguistic Practices in Social Media in the Algerian Context: between Human Relations Reinforcement and Hate Speech Proliferation." Technium Social Sciences Journal 29 (March 9, 2022): 629–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v29i1.6090.

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The current study is an attempt to address some of the issues surrounding social media use with more emphasis on their role in reinforcing human relationships and spreading hatred speech. For the sake of presenting a comprehensive overview of the issue, a blend of quantitative and qualitative methodologies was implemented in the present study to analyse presence and incidence of hate speech and friendly relationship discourse in social media. To embark on such endeavour, a mixed- method, encompassing both a questionnaire and corpus analysis, is adopted. The targeted sample of the questionnaire

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Moore, John Mick, Gary Thompson, and Richard C. Folsom. "Auditory Responsiveness of Premature Infants Utilizing Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA)." Ear and Hearing 13, no. 3 (1992): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003446-199206000-00008.

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Rvachew, Susan. "Speech Perception Training Can Facilitate Sound Production Learning." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 2 (1994): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3702.347.

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This study examined the role of speech perception training in the correction of phonological errors. Twenty-seven preschoolers with phonological impairment who misarticulated /∫/ were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 children listened to a variety of correctly and incorrectly produced versions of the word “shoe”; Group 2 children listened to the words “shoe” and “moo”; Group 3 children listened to the words “cat” and “Pete.” A computer game was used to provide reinforcement for correct identification of the words. All children received the same traditional sound production tra

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