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Journal articles on the topic 'Spending approach'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

CASTLES, FRANCIS G. "What Welfare States Do: A Disaggregated Expenditure Approach." Journal of Social Policy 38, no. 1 (2009): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279408002547.

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AbstractThis article suggests that an alternative to a social rights of citizenship approach to comparing welfare states is to use disaggregated programme expenditure data to identify the diverse spending priorities of different types of welfare state. An initial descriptive analysis shows that four major categories of social spending (cash spending on older people and those of working age; service spending on health and for other purposes) are almost entirely unrelated to one another and that different welfare state regimes or families of nations exhibit quite different patterns of spending.

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Bastida, Francisco, María-Dolores Guillamón, and Bernardino Benito. "Municipal Spending in Spain: Spatial Approach." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 139, no. 2 (2013): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000138.

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Mueller, John, and Mark G. Stewart. "Evaluating Counterterrorism Spending." Journal of Economic Perspectives 28, no. 3 (2014): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.3.237.

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In this article, we present a simple back-of-the-envelope approach for evaluating whether counterterrorism security measures reduce risk sufficiently to justify their costs. The approach uses only four variables: the consequences of a successful attack, the likelihood of a successful attack, the degree to which the security measure reduces risk, and the cost of the security measure. After measuring the cost of a counterterrorism measure, we explore a range of outcomes for the costs of terrorist attacks and a range of possible estimates for how much risk might be reduced by the measure. Then wo

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Hoa, Thi Nguyen. "Economic Growth and Government Expenditure in ASEAN Countries: A Threshold Approach." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 05, no. 05 (2022): 1637–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6575412.

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Abstract : This study examines the effect of government spending on the economic growth of ASEAN countries between 2000 and 2020, using estimates for panel data. The results show that government spending responds positively to the economic growth of ASEAN countries. Intriguingly, this study finds a threshold level for government spending that reduces economic growth if governments let it exceeds 26.82 percent of GDP. Therefore, this study recommends that ASEAN governments need to pursue targeted and rational spending policies.

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Lieberthal, Robert D. "Hedging Medical Spending Growth: An Adaptive Expectations Approach." Applied Finance and Accounting 2, no. 2 (2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/afa.v2i2.1595.

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Long-term health insurance provides consumers with protection against persistent, negative health shocks. While the stochastic rise in medical spending growth may make some health risks harder to insure, financial assets could act as a hedge for medical spending growth risk. The purpose of this research was to determine whether such hedges exist. The results of this study were two-fold. First, the asset classes with the strongest statistical evidence as hedges were bonds, not stocks. Second, any strategy to hedge medical spending growth involved shorting assets i.e. betting against the bond or

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Arfanita, Andi Nur Ildha, Fatmawati Fatmawati, and Sultan Suhab. "Disaggregated Approach of Regional Government Expenditure and Poverty Eradication in South Sulawesi, Indonesia." EcceS (Economics Social and Development Studies) 10, no. 1 (2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/ecc.v10i1.36899.

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Government spending is one of the pillars of fiscal decentralisation which plays an important role in overcoming poverty. However, many empirical studies are still being debated, especially at the regional level. Government spending can contribute to reducing poverty depending on the type of government spending. This study focuses on specific types of government spending that contribute to productivity, such as government spending on infrastructure, health, education, and social assistance. The study aims to analyze the effect of regional government expenditures on infrastructure, education, h

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Kopańska, Agnieszka. "The determinants of local public spending on culture." Central European Economic Journal 5, no. 52 (2019): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2018-0005.

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Abstract Municipalities in Poland are important makers of local cultural life. Municipalities organise and fund public cultural entities: libraries, houses of culture and so on. They decide on 70% of public spending on culture. The local spending on culture was grown in the past years. But the level of this spending varies between municipalities. The aim of this study is to find determinants of these differences. Public spending on culture is important in less-developed or peripheral regions where citizens do not have access to private cultural institutions. That is why this study focuses on r

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Lorusso, Marco, and Luca Pieroni. "Disentangling Civilian and Military Spending Shocks: A Bayesian DSGE Approach for the US Economy." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 3 (2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030141.

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In this paper, we disentangle public spending components in order analyse their effects on the U.S. economy. Our Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model (DSGE) model includes both civilian and military expenditures. We take into account the changes in the effects of these public spending components before and after the structural break that occurred in the U.S. economy around 1980, namely financial liberalisation. Therefore, we estimate our model with Bayesian methods for two sample periods: 1954:3–1979:2 and 1983:1–2008:2. Our results suggest that total government spending has a positive

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Park, SooKyung. "Covid19 and Revenge Spending: Text Mining Approach." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 43, no. 12 (2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2021.12.43.12.41.

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10

Mitchell, Samuel A. "Defending The U.S. Approach To Health Spending." Health Affairs 7, no. 5 (1988): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.7.5.31.

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11

Demets, David L., and K. K. Gordon Lan. "Interim analysis: The alpha spending function approach." Statistics in Medicine 13, no. 13-14 (1994): 1341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780131308.

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B. F., Odetola,, Adekunle, O. D., and Akinrinola, O. "Government Expenditure and Economic Development in Nigeria: A Disaggregated Approach." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 8, no. 2 (2025): 84–97. https://doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-xibnkbwi.

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This study evaluated government expenditure and economic development in Nigeria: a disaggregated approach using time series data of 34 years (1990-2023). The variables used for the study include government spending on education, government spending on health, government spending on agriculture as the independent variables and GDP per capita as the dependent variable. Three objectives were formulated for the study and three hypotheses were also prepared in line with the objectives. Ex-post-facto research design was employed, and the time series data was generated and analysed, using regression

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Stucki, Michael, Janina Nemitz, Maria Trottmann, and Simone Wieser. "Decomposition of outpatient health care spending by disease - a novel approach using insurance claims data." BMC Health Services Research 21 (November 22, 2021): 1264. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10804119.

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Background Decomposing health care spending by disease, type of care, age, and sex can lead to a better understanding of the drivers of health care spending. But the lack of diagnostic coding in outpatient care often precludes a decomposition by disease. Yet, health insurance claims data hold a variety of diagnostic clues that may be used to identify diseases. Methods In this study, we decompose total outpatient care spending in Switzerland by age, sex, service type, and 42 exhaustive and mutually exclusive diseases according to the Global Burden of Disease classification. Using data of a larg

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Kamisan, Nur Arina Bazilah, Siti Mariam Norrulashikin, Kamaruzaman Mohamed, Nur Amirah Buliah, and Zainuddin Ahmad. "Malaysia’s Development Expenditure Effects on Gross Domestic Product by Using VECM Approach." Journal of Statistical Modelling and Analytics 6, no. 2 (2024): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.22452/josma.vol6no2.3.

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The provision of public goods and services to citizens is a significant responsibility of the government. The products include schools, hospitals, roads, and other infrastructure. This investment is essential to stimulate economic growth, create job opportunities, and improve living standards. The effect of development spending on economic growth has been shown in a significant amount of existing literature. However, there are still various opinions on the impact level of development spending on economic growth. Therefore, the goal of our research is to investigate the link between Malaysia's

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Almosabbeh, Imadeddin Ahmed. "Is the Relationship Between Government Spending and Private Consumption in Egypt Symmetric?" Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 14, no. 3 (2020): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801020920096.

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The aim of this study, using Egyptian data from 1970 to 2016, is to explore the relationship between government spending and private consumption spending and to understand whether the relationship between the two is symmetric. The study uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to explore a cointegration relationship between the two variables, and the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach to test the hypothesis of a symmetric relationship between the two variables. By applying the ARDL approach, the study concludes that the effect of government spending on con

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Guenther, Peter, and Miriam Guenther. "Isolating the value-relevant part of advertising spending." European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 7/8 (2018): 1625–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-02-2017-0114.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine how much importance the financial market attaches to advertising spending’s short-term productivity vis-à-vis its investment component and the impact of important contextual factors (investor mix and analyst coverage) on this trade-off. Design/methodology/approach A stochastic frontier estimation (SFE) approach is used to help disentangle advertising spending. Using a panel internal instruments model and 10,017 firm-year observations from publicly listed US companies over a 13-year period, this study relates aggregated advertising spending and disentangled ad

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Mehmood, Khawaja Asif, Fareeha Riaz, Farzana Munir, Sidra Ilyas, and Muhammad Aurmaghan. "Scrutinizing Public-Private Sector Investment Spending and Budgetary Deficit in the Health Sector of Pakistan: A Time Series Approach." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2024): 330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjss.673117356.

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The public and private sector spending is crucial for appropriate resource allocation. Private sector spending makes the government to be lenient since the obligations to provide facilities to the general public are shared with the private sector. Meanwhile, public sector spending rests at the allocation of the budget. A heavy budgetary deficit can cause the government to reduce its spending. This study attempted to evaluate the interplay of private-sector spending, budgetary deficit, and public-sector spending in the health sector of Pakistan within the period from 1980 to 2023. The standard

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Baillieu, Robert, Michael Kidd, Robert Phillips, et al. "The Primary Care Spend Model: a systems approach to measuring investment in primary care." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 4 (2019): e001601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001601.

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Increased investment in primary care is associated with lower healthcare costs and improved population health. The allocation of scarce resources should be driven by robust models that adequately describe primary care activities and spending within a health system, and allow comparisons within and across health systems. However, disparate definitions result in wide variations in estimates of spending on primary care. We propose a new model that allows for a dynamic assessment of primary care spending (PC Spend) within the context of a system’s total healthcare budget. The model articulates var

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Nunes, Laura A., Samuel T. Turvey, and James Rosindell. "The price of conserving avian phylogenetic diversity: a global prioritization approach." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1662 (2015): 20140004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0004.

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The combination of rapid biodiversity loss and limited funds available for conservation represents a major global concern. While there are many approaches for conservation prioritization, few are framed as financial optimization problems. We use recently published avian data to conduct a global analysis of the financial resources required to conserve different quantities of phylogenetic diversity (PD). We introduce a new prioritization metric (ADEPD) that After Downlisting a species gives the Expected Phylogenetic Diversity at some future time. Unlike other metrics, ADEPD considers the benefit

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Juanda, Bambang. "The Denomination Effect On Spending Through Experimental Approach." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 20, no. 4 (2018): 461–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v20i4.903.

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This paper discusses the denomination effect on shopping decisions in a more realisticspending scenario with various types of goods and relatively adequate denominations,including the specimen of IDR 200,000 banknote which was being investigated, in2015, to be printed by Bank Indonesia, and some other factors affecting spending. Thisresearch used an experimental design in a laboratory study and quasi-experimentaldesign in a field study. In the field study, the denomination of IDR 200,000 wasrepresented by using two pieces of the existing IDR 100,000 banknote, consideredas a single IDR 200,000

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Emanuel, Ezekiel, Neera Tanden, Stuart Altman, et al. "A Systemic Approach to Containing Health Care Spending." New England Journal of Medicine 367, no. 10 (2012): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmsb1205901.

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Sofi, Mohd Younis, and Dr Khursheed Ahmad Butt. "Efficacy of Educational Spending in India:an Ardl Approach." Management Accountant Journal 57, no. 12 (2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33516/maj.v57i12.84-90p.

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23

Geller, Nancy L. "Discussion of ‘interim analysis: The alpha spending approach’." Statistics in Medicine 13, no. 13-14 (1994): 1353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780131309.

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Faizal, Sellywati Mohd, Nahariah Jaffar, and Nor Aishah Muyop. "Investigating spending behaviour using a mental accounting approach." Asian Economic and Financial Review 15, no. 2 (2025): 241–55. https://doi.org/10.55493/5002.v15i2.5310.

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Overspending is a serious issue that causes high indebtedness and financial instability, especially among Muslims. One way to control this undesirable behaviour is through a mental accounting approach by grouping financial activities into different accounts. The wasatiyyah trait can strengthen this relationship. Finding out how Muslim demographic factors affect overspending, how mental accounts help control overspending, and how wasatiyyah affects the link between mental accounts and overspending are the main goals of this study. This study uses primary data collection through survey questions

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Hibatulmedina, Sanya, and Roosemarina Anggraini Rambe. "The Efficiency Analysis of Government Expenditure on Education and Health in Sumatra: The DEA Approach." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 19, no. 2 (2022): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jep.v19i2.15795.

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The purposes of this study are to measure the level of the relative efficiency of educational spending and healthcare spending in achieving Mean Years of Schooling (MYS) and life expectancy at regency and city in Sumatera. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were employed for a data set of the spending of 154 local governments in 2019 with an output-oriented model. The approach used is a variable return to scale. In measuring efficiency, two input were used are (i) Government spending of the educational function and (ii) Government spending of the healthcare function, while two output were used ar

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Mursito, Hardian. "Mechanisms Fiscal Policy Transmission with Structure Vector Auto Regression Approach (S-Var)." Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia 3, no. 11 (2024): 4473–79. https://doi.org/10.58344/jmi.v3i11.1942.

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This study aims to analyze the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy in Indonesia using the Structure Vector Autoregression (S-VAR) approach, focusing on macroeconomic variables such as government spending, tax revenue, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, unemployment, and budget deficit over the period 2010 to 2020. The results of the analysis show that government spending has a significant positive impact on GDP growth, reflecting the effectiveness of expansionary fiscal policy in promoting economic growth and reducing unemployment in the short term. However, the impact on inflation s

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Dada, Matthew Abiodun, Sunday Mauton A. Posu, Osaretin Godspower Okungbowa, and Bamidele P. Abalaba. "The Nexus of Government Spending, Price, Output, and Money in the ECOWAS Sub-Region: Evidence from Panel ARDL and Causality Approach." Economics and Business 35, no. 1 (2021): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2021-0005.

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Abstract The question of how macroeconomic variables dynamically interact is very crucial in any broad-based economic integration aiming at expanding economic growth and living standard in any human society. This study examined the nexus of government spending, price, output, and money in the ECOWAS sub-region using panel ARDL and causality approach. Data covering the period (1981–2019) were collected mainly from the latest version of the World Development Indicators. The result showed a positive relationship between government spending with GDP, import, exchange rate, unemployment rate, and p

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JUN, Sungman, Sungju KIM, and Hyue-Su HA. "Local Government’s Unused-Spending Status-Quo: Definition, Causes and Implication." Korea Association of Local Administration 19, no. 3 (2022): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32427/klar.2022.19.3.109.

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This article examines local goverment’s unused-spending status-quo by defining unused-spending concepts based on theoretical approach and highlighting the relationshp between central-local financial actitvities. As a result, we argue that the perception of local government’s unused-spending depends largely on how organizational performances are; there are different approach between agent theory approach and resource based view approach. we found the external factors increasing the unused-spending at the relationship between local government and central government’s department. Local gove

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Fang, Yaping, Feng Liu, Sunmin Kim, and Minchan Pyo. "Consumer Participation in CSR: Spending Money versus Spending Time." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 5786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075786.

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Consumer participation plays a more active role in corporate social responsibility (CSR) than ever before. However, a framework describing how participation approaches generate cognitive and behavior responses in consumers is still lacking. The purpose of this study is to investigate the different effects among consumers’ participation approaches (i.e., spending money versus spending time) on inspiring consumers to engage in CSR. Additionally, we explore consumers’ cognitive mechanisms by identifying the key mediating role of perceived value. A total of 429 participants were recruited using an

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Ziberi, Besime, Rrezarta Gashi, and Mimoza Hodaj. "The Nexus Between Public Spending on Education and Economic Growth of Kosovo (Econometric Approach)." Economics and Business 34, no. 1 (2020): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2020-0019.

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Abstract The main aim of this study is to analyse the trend of public spending dedicated to education in case of Kosovo over the years and to measure the impact of public spending in education on economic growth of Kosovo. In order to achieve the aim, the Pearson Correlation has been used and a multifactorial regression model (OLS) has been modified and adapted, where we have determined the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a dependent variable and as an independent variable in the model: (i) Public expenditure on secondary education and (ii) Public expenditure on higher education (university).

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Bran, Alexandra-Carmen. "Does Military Spending Spur Economic Growth? An Empirical Approach." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 17, no. 1 (2023): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2023-0020.

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Abstract This study examines the complexities involved in calculating the impact of military spending on economic growth, as well as the reasons for the lack of consensus in the academic literature. It explores econometric approaches for panels and provides a brief overview of economic theory, highlighting the difficult identification challenges involved in identifying the connection between military expenditures and output. Using the enlarged SIPRI military spending data, a relatively large and balanced panel of nations for the period 1960-2014 is constructed. Rather than focusing on the dire

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Febriani, Ratu Eva, and Roosemarina Anggraini Rambe. "Government revenue and spending nexus in regional Indonesia: Causality approach." Economics Management and Sustainability 7, no. 1 (2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/jems.2022.7-1.3.

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This study aims to test the hypothesis that explains the relationship between tax revenue and government spending in six Indonesian regions. Furthermore, the units of analysis were districts and cities in each region from 2006 to 2017, and a Granger panel causality approach was used. The results showed five experienced bidirectional causalities between tax revenues and local government spending out of the six regions, namely Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and the Bali & Nusa Tenggara. Also, there was fiscal synchronisation in five regions, while the tax-spend hypothesis applies in th

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Tuesta, José Antonio Arévalo, Lilia Rodas Camacho, Jenny María Ruiz Salazar, et al. "Effects of Public Spending on Economic Growth: An empirical approach in Latin American countries. Period 2006 – 2019." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 6 (2024): 793–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/804ykt02.

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The objective of this research is to empirically examine the influence of gross capital formation (GFK), public spending on education, spending on research and development (R&D), the number of companies and tax collection, in economic growth, evaluating these variables in the economy of twelve Latin American countries in the periods 2006 to 2019. For this, static panel models (fixed effects and random effects) and dynamic panel (Generalized Method of Analysis) were used as econometric methodology. Moments – GMM), in order to establish the best model that presents the estimators, where the

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Harun, Bal, Mamun Abdullahil, Masrurul Mowla Mohammad, Hoque Nazamul, and Zahid Hossain Bhuiyan Md. "Private Investment Demand Function in Bangladesh: An ARDL Approach." Asian Business Review 9, no. 1 (2019): 37–42. https://doi.org/10.18034/abr.v9i1.248.

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Investment, as an addition to the existing physical stock of capital, contributes to the growth of Bangladesh economy in a decisive way. Therefore, factors that determine the private investment need to be studied in order to frame policies to manage them so as to achieve the desired capital stock for the economy to accomplish the much higher GDP growth objective in coming years. The study, thus, is an attempt to estimate the private investment demand function of Bangladesh. It employees the ARDL bounds testing approach to investigate the relationship between private investment spending an

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Fadly, Fajar, and Yurnal Edward. "Government Spending Effect on HDI Indragiri Hilir: An ECM Approach." Economics Development Analysis Journal 12, no. 2 (2023): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v12i2.61053.

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Indragiri Hilir Regency has the second lowest Human Development Index compared to the newly established regencies and cities in Riau province. However, Indragiri Hilir Regency has a relatively high allocation of development budget and per capita income compared to other regencies and cities. The objectives of the study were to determine whether the effect of the Indragiri Hilir government expenditure realization on the Human Development Index is cointegrated, to examine the long-term impact of expenditure realization on education, health, infrastructure, environmental, and social protection fu

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Ntshangase, Lwazi Senzo, and Thando Ngozo. "Quantifying Fiscal Multipliers in South Africa: A Structural Var Approach." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 16, no. 2(J) (2024): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v16i2(j).3719.

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Fiscal multipliers have deteriorated in South Africa since the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009. Weakening fiscal multipliers to a record low of zero has constrained the government’s ability to use fiscal policy measures to stimulate the economy, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and recent geopolitical risks affecting the global economy. The current paper quantifies fiscal multipliers in South Africa. The study employed the structural vector autoregressive to quantify government spending and government tax revenue fiscal multipliers in South Africa over the period

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Vo, Duc Hong, Minh Phuoc Bao Tran, and Phuong Thi Ha Cao. "The spillover effects of military spending across superpowers using the TVP - VAR approach." HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE - ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 15, no. 1 (2024): 38–53. https://doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.en.15.1.3062.2025.

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The amount of money spent on military activities across superpowers globally has generally caused significant concerns regarding military conflicts, the arms race, economic growth development, security, political stability, and governance. This paper investigates the spillover effects of military spending among the world’s largest spenders on military activities over the period 1997 - 2022. We use the advanced Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model to examine these effects, which is not used in the literature on defense economics. Our empirical results indicate the dynami

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E. M., Irejeh,, Olarewaju, M. M., Imafidon, A., and Ogwuche, E. E. "Coronavirus and Social Service Spending in Nigeria 2020: An Aggregated Expenditure Approach." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 8, no. 2 (2025): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-jlvhrdyg.

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The sole objective of this study was to investigate the effect of coronavirus on social service spending in 2020 as a measure of the implications of COVID-19 on Nigerians, relative to the effectiveness of the government’s social spending in mitigating the socioeconomic strain caused by the pandemic. The study used documentary analysis to assess the impact of COVID-19 on Nigerians’ socioeconomic lives and the government’s policy response to the situation. The review found that COVID-19 exacerbated the existing poverty in Nigeria, and most of the government's social spending was not effective in

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Wolf, Christian K. "The Missing Intercept: A Demand Equivalence Approach." American Economic Review 113, no. 8 (2023): 2232–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20211751.

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I give conditions under which changes in private spending are accommodated in general equilibrium exactly like changes in aggregate fiscal expenditure. Under such demand equivalence, researchers can use time series evidence on fiscal multipliers to recover the general equilibrium “missing intercept” of shocks to private spending identified in the cross section. Through the lens of this theory, time series estimates of a fiscal multiplier around one suggest a missing intercept close to zero—an observation that I illustrate with an application to the 2008 tax rebates. I also discuss the robustne

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Febriani, Ratu Eva, and Roosemarina Anggraini Rambe. "Measurement Efficiency of Local Government Spending on Poverty Alleviation in Sumatra: Output Oriented Approach With Data Envelopment Analysis." Wahana: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi 26, no. 2 (2023): 348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35591/wahana.v26i2.842.

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This research aims to measure efficiency of local government spending in poverty alleviation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sumatra, Indonesia. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was applied as a measurement efficiency method with output-oriented based on variable returns to scale approach.The type of data used in this study is secondary data and implements explanatory analysis. The object of our observation in this study involves total local governments in Sumatra (154 regencies/cities). It used government education spending per capita, health spending per capita, economic spending per capita,

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George, Justin, and Todd Sandler. "EU Demand for Defense, 1990–2019: A Strategic Spatial Approach." Games 12, no. 1 (2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g12010013.

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For 1990–2019, this study presents two-step GMM estimates of EU members’ demands for defense spending based on alternative spatial-weight matrices. In particular, EU spatial connectivity is tied to EU membership status, members’ contiguity, contiguity and power projection, inverse distance, and arms trade. At a Nash equilibrium, our EU demand equations are derived explicitly from a spatially based game-theoretical model of alliances. Myriad spatial linkages among EU members provide a robust free-riding finding, which differs from the spatial and non-spatial literature on EU defense spending. E

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Delaney, Jennifer A. "Interactions between Federal Academic Earmarks and State Funding for Higher Education: An Instrumental Variables Approach." Journal of Education Finance 42, no. 1 (2016): 49–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jef.2016.a634274.

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abstract: This study considers the relationship between federal academic earmarks and three types of state spending for higher education – general appropriations, capital outlays, and student financial aid. Often referred to as “pork,” federal academic earmarks are both controversial and understudied. Using a unique panel dataset from 1990-2003, this study employs an instrumental variables approach based on Congressional committee representation to estimate the effect of federal academic earmarks on state spending for higher education. It does not appear that state policymakers trade off diffe

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Kissoon, Tara. "Optimum spending on cybersecurity measures." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 14, no. 3 (2020): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-11-2019-0112.

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Purpose This purpose of this paper is to provide insight through analysis of the data collected from a pilot study, into the decision-making process used by organizations in cybersecurity investments. Leveraging the review of literature, this paper aims to explore the strategic decisions made by organizations when implementing cybersecurity controls, and identifies economic models and theories from the economics of information security, and information security investment decision-making process. Using a survey study method, this paper explores the feasibility for development of a strategic de

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Vegh, Carlos A. "Government Spending and Inflationary Finance: A Public Finance Approach." Staff Papers - International Monetary Fund 36, no. 3 (1989): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3867051.

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Erikson, Robert S., and Thomas R. Palfrey. "Campaign Spending and Incumbency: An Alternative Simultaneous Equations Approach." Journal of Politics 60, no. 2 (1998): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2647913.

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Wilde, Parke E., Lisa M. Troy, and Beatrice L. Rogers. "Food Stamps and Food Spending: An Engel Function Approach." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 91, no. 2 (2009): 416–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01235.x.

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McCombs, Maxwell, and Jack Nolan. "The relative constancy approach to consumer spending for media." Journal of Media Economics 5, no. 2 (1992): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997769209358222.

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Cortuk, Orcan, and Mustafa Haluk Guler. "Disaggregated approach to government spending shocks: a theoretical analysis." Journal of Economic Policy Reform 18, no. 4 (2014): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2014.951046.

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Jouvet, Pierre-André, Philippe Michel, and Pierre Pestieau. "Public and private environmental spending: a political economy approach." Environmental Economics and Policy Studies 9, no. 3 (2008): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03353989.

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International Monetary Fund. "Government Spending and Inflationary Finance: A Public Finance Approach." IMF Working Papers 88, no. 98 (1988): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451949025.001.

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