Dissertations / Theses: 'Spivak'

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Nandi, Miriam. "Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak." Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31261.

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Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak gilt als eine der Gründungsfiguren des postkolonialen Feminismus. Ihr Profil als postkoloniale Theoretikerin gewann sie mit der Veröffentlichung ihres Werkes In Other Worlds – Essays in Cultural Politics. In ihren Texten weist Spivak auf Widersprüche innerhalb der Nationen des Globalen Südens hin. Sie fokussiert, u. a. mit Hilfe der analytischen Konzepte Repräsentation (representation) und Subalternität (subaltern), insbesondere auf die problematische Rolle von Geschlechter- und Klassenverhältnissen in postkolonialen Widerstandsbewegungen, auf den Gegensatz zwischen den indischen Eliten und den unteren Bevölkerungsschichten und auf die gewaltsame Unterdrückung von Frauen des Südens.

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Nordmark, Jonathan. "Att läsa mellan raderna : En utvärdering av Immortal Techniques raptexter som postkolonial teori." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185259.

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In this essay, I am analyzing hip hop lyrics from Immortal Technique. The main focus is to connect the context of the lyrics to postcolonial theory. The theory paramount to the analysis has been Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s essay Can the Subaltern Speak? My work aims to provide evidence that Immortal Technique’s rap lyrics contextualize colonial, economic and racist structures of power in a manner that has equal merit as intellectual postcolonial theorizing, and we should therefore ask the question of whether or not including street poetry and rap lyrics in the postcolonial discourse can help solve the problem of representation? The essay’s focus is three formulated key concepts centered around power, ideology and the view of women.

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Varadharajan, Asha. "Theorizing the subject, Theodor Adorno, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak and contemporary critical discourse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23914.pdf.

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Spivak, Oleg [Verfasser]. "Serial processing in scotopic vision : from upshift to the scotopic band / Oleg Spivak." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226756255/34.

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Löw, Christine. "Frauen aus der Dritten Welt und Erkenntniskritik? die postkolonialen Untersuchungen von Gayatri C. Spivak zu Globalisierung und Theorieproduktion." Sulzbach/Taunus Helmer, 2007. http://d-nb.info/994033796/04.

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Conway, George. "A responsible complicity, neo/colonial power-knowledge and the work of Foucault, Said, Spivak." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21039.pdf.

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Öman, Sofia. ""I wore my English like a mask" : Språk, identitet och synlighet i Ocean Vuongs On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412203.

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This essay examines the relationship between language, identity, power and visibility in Ocean Vuong’s On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous (2019). This is achieved by applying post-colonial theories regarding double consciousness, and the construction of an Other. Theories put forward by Spivak and Fanon are also discussed in relation to this. By looking at how language is used, both by characters and author, we can see what an immense role language playes in the construction of identity and in the establishing of power.

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Svensson, Fredrik. "Paolo Freire, Gayatri Spivak, and the (Im)possibiity of Education : The Methodological Leap in Pedagogy of the Oppressed and "Righting Wrongs"." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16798.

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The main objective of this essay is to find out and show as to whether the respective pedagogies of Paolo Freire and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak are free from the authoritarian and oppressive tendencies they both expressively seek to oppose. More specifically, the investigation presented in this text is focused on the relation between theory and method in Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Spivak’s “Righting Wrongs – 2002: Accessing Democracy among the Aboriginals.” The analysis of this relation, and these two texts, moreover, is informed by three interconnected research questions, asking (1) how Freire and Spivak prompt us to learn from the learner, (2) if Freire and Spivak manage to circumvent the danger of transference, of imposing the teacher’s agenda on the student, and (3) how the methodological leap (from theory to practice) of Freire and Spivak fit into their respective theorizing in a broader sense. As the inquiries above suggest, this essay pays close attention to the fact that Freire and Spivak both—albeit to different degrees—try to render their theories practicable, while still avoiding undemocratic methods that fail to take into account the voice and the reality of the student. By way of a close reading of some of Freire’s and Spivak’s central pedagogical concepts, a thorough scrutiny of the concrete methodological examples provided by the same scholars, and an analysis of Freire’s dialectical reasoning and Spivak’s Marxist/deconstructionist theorizing, this thesis aims to demonstrate that neither of these two theorists are completely successful in realizing their educational projects. In the case of Freire, this is primarily due to a methodological saving clause that ultimately functions so as to mute students whose voices are not resonant with that of the pedagogue, and in Spivak’s case, the failure finds its explanation mainly in the author’s deconstructionist tendency to resist the practice of offering concrete, overall solutions to complicated problems.

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D'Souza, Karen. "Narratives of voice and silence : reading South Asian women's writing through the work of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547402.

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This thesis reinvigorates the subaltern theory of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak through the application of her work to readings of fiction in English by South Asian women. The writers included in the study are rooted in the contemporary nation states of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh and their Diasporas. The thesis argues for the endurance of Spivak's focus on issues of representation and her recognition of the problematic history of theoretical inattention to the ways in which gender inflects retrieval of the subaltern voice. The insights generated by her work frame this investigation of how literary narratives may replicate the shadowy presence of women in the archives of the postcolonial nation. It also demonstrates how literary strategies and double-voiced narratives intrinsically seek to complicate understandings of voice and silence within particular frames of understanding. Thus, the study registers how literary interventions negotiate the complex positioning of women within and between indigenous cultural traditions. Mapping out a politics of voice and silence in South Asian contexts, the introductory chapter critiques three key ideas embedded in Spivak's theory: subject-formation of the subaltern; the relationship between subalternity and textuality; and how hegemonic structures are vexed by considerations of gender. The connections between these theoretical considerations and literary representation are made through a consideration of the pertinent debates related to South Asian women's writing and the possibilities for a gendered subaltern voice-consciousness. Chapter Two examines Anita Desai's Voices in the City (1965) alongside Nayantara Sahgal's Rich Like Us (1985) as they depict the early periods of nation building in post-Independence India. Chapter Three considers The Thousand Faces of Night (1992) by Githa Hariharan for its evocations of contemporary India contingent upon the relationship between traditional mythology and gender constructions. A trajectory tracing patterns of female subalternity is then completed in Chapter Four with a discussion of two novels critically exploring the continuities of cultural encodings in transnational settings which are inflected by diasporic histories and movements. Kamila Shamsie's Salt and Saffron (2000) and Monica Ali's Brick Lane (2003) are read for their exploration of the tensions between nationalist identities and notions of home which influence constructions of selfhood. The application of Spivak's work to critical readings of South Asian women's writing situates the literature as a subaltern history. The interplay of theory and practice defines subalternity as a fluid and unsettled category of being to frame a comprehensive understanding of women's positioning within the discourses of nation; it registers changes in the concerns articulated in post-Independence South Asian writing; it provides nuanced critical readings of fiction alert to key literary and cultural developments. The thesis extends and develops Spivak's treatment of historical silence to identify how literature might form an alternative archive attuned to the complexities of voicing the subaltern figure.

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Öhman, Niklas. "Narrativ föreställningsförmåga: ett spivakianskt ”hopp i den andres sjö”? : Nussbaum, Spivak och att (med skönlitteratur) skapa förståelse för den Andra." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24100.

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This survey is a theoretical analysis concerning didactics of literature, in which I problematize what Martha C. Nussbaum describes as ”narrative imagination”. By using postcolonial theory, more specific: Gayatri Spivaks essay ”Can the Subaltern Speak?” and her theoretical formula ”a leap into the other’s sea”, I try to answer the following question: Can ”narrative imagination” be understood as a manifistation or concretisation of ”a leap into the other’s sea”? The answer that is given concerning my general question is simply: No. Nussbaums’ reader is far to active, whereas Spivak strongly argues that hearing and/or listening to the subaltern requires a state of self-suspendedness. Nussbaum also shows a great belief in literature as a representation of something truly real, but also as a representation of the Other. Drawing on Spivaks critique of Deleuze and Foucault, I have suggested that representation of this kind should, from a poststructuralistic and Marxist point of view, be seen as a theoretical misstake, for: representation postulates objectiveness or/and transparentness. Finally Nussbaums goals, in terms of cultivating the humanity, has been problematized. Her cosmopolitan and democratic approach is based upon – a form of – universalism and an ambition towards consensus, which – again: from a poststructuralistic perspective – is highly debatable. With this background I have concluded two implications concerning didactics of literature: Firstly, there are plenty of voices not represented by literature, a fact that needs to be considered. Thus, to base a world citizenship, a democracy or an understanding of the Other on works of literature is to restrict ”the world” or ”the Other” to the fictional, literary characters that has been written. Secondly Spivak urges us to reflect on the reader as an interpreter. A total suspension of the self is a naive statement – but she is right to point to the occidental subject as a member and reproducer of postcolonial discourse.

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Ward, Alan Ramón. "The 'I' at the centre of capital : postcolonial subjectivity in the work of Homi Bhabha and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535131.

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Ruiz-Aho, Elena Flores. "How to hear the unspoken : engaging cross-cultural communication through the Latin American testimonial narrative." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001695.

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Amborg, Jens. "Can the Author of ’Can the Subaltern Speak’ Act? : Spivaks essä i relation till ’French theory’ i USA." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-276452.

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The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to analyze some aspects of the historical surroundings in which Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak wrote her famous essay ”Can the Subaltern Speak?”. From a historical perspective, inspired by Quentin Skinner, I examine how Spivak in a context of French theory in U.S. academy criticized Michel Foucault and defended Jacques Derrida. In the first part of my analysis I relate Spivak’s essay to the ”Foucault and Derrida debate” of the sixties and seventies. I argue that many aspects of Derrida’s early critique of Foucault, and many of the themes of that debate in general, was rhetorically repeated by Spivak in ”Can the Subaltern Speak?”. In the second part of my analysis, I discuss how Foucault and Derrida in the context of U.S. academy were, rather than empirical persons, turned into common nouns well incorporated into the academic language. In this context, where Spivak appeared, I analyze how the ”notions” Foucault and Derrida was disputed. I argue that Spivak, during several years before she wrote ”Can the Subaltern Speak?”, had been trying to refute anglophone marxist and postcolonial intellectuals who criticized Derrida. These critics, including Terry Eagleton, Perry Anderson and Edward Said, had been blaming Derrida for being unhistorical, politically evasive and merely textualistic. My argument is that Spivak sought to defend Derrida towards these critics in ”Can the Subaltern Speak?”. In this context, her aim was to emphasize the efficiency of Derrida’s deconstruction as a political tool for marxist, feminist and Third world intellectuals.

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Giunta, Carolyn Sara. "A question of listening : Nancean resonance and listening in the work of Charlie Chaplin." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/cc5a1d72-c86a-4569-9432-ffddbfa4b7e0.

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In this thesis, I use a close reading of the silent films of Charlie Chaplin to examine a question of listening posed by Jean-Luc Nancy, “Is listening something of which philosophy is capable” (Nancy 2007:1)? Drawing on the work of Nancy, Jacques Derrida and Gayatri Spivak, I consider a claim that philosophy has failed to address the topic of listening because a logocentric tradition claims speech as primary. In response to Derrida’s deconstruction of logocentrism, Nancy complicates the problem of listening by distinguishing between l’e´coute and l’entente. L’e´coute is an attending to and answering the demand of the other and l’entente is an understanding directed inward toward a subject. Nancy could deconstruct an undervalued position of l’e´coute, making listening essential to speech. I argue, Nancy rather asks what kind of listening philosophy is capable of. To examine this question, I focus on the peculiarly dialogical figure derived from Chaplin that communicates meaning without using speech. This discussion illustrates how Chaplin, in the role of a silent figure, listens to himself (il s’e´coute) as other. Chaplin’s listening is Nancean resonance, a movement in which a subject refers back to itself as another subject, in constant motion of spatial and temporal non-presence. For Nancy, listening is a self’s relationship to itself, but without immediate self-presence. Moving in resonance, Chaplin makes the subject as other as he refers back to himself as other. I argue that Chaplin, through silent dialogue with himself by way of the other, makes his listening listened to. Chaplin refused to make his character speak because he believed speech would change the way in which his work would be listened to. In this way, Chaplin makes people laugh by making himself understood (se fait entendre) as he makes himself listened to (se fait e´couter). In answer to Nancy’s question, I conclude philosophy is capable of meeting the demand of listening as both l’entente and l’e´coute when it listens as Chaplin listens.

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Augustsson, Adam. "Reindeer Husbandry and Wind Power : Discourses surrounding the construction of IKEA's wind park on Glötesvålen and its local effects on reindeer husbandry." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42460.

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The exploitation of land in Northern Sweden has caused a significant depletion of grazing grounds for semi-domesticated reindeer. This is a threat to the indigenous Sami reindeer herders of Sweden, who rely on the grazing ground in order to sustainably feed their herds. In the last decade, a significant amount of grazing land has been lost due to the construction of wind power parks (WPP) in important grazing regions. This thesis examines the discourse surrounding a WPP built in Härjedalen for IKEA. The WPP was built on Glötesvålen, a unique highland used for grazing by Mittådalen, a local herding community. Through a dissection of electronic sources and semi-structured interviews, the author conducts a discourse analysis to identify the most prevalent narratives surrounding the construction of IKEA’s WPP on Glötesvålen. An inductive approach is used to identify underlying ideologies present in the discourse through a relevant theoretical framework. The results show a pervasive enthusiasm for the WPP as a pivot towards renewable energy which mirrors the ideology of ecological modernization. The results also find a critical narrative which lifts the uneven power dynamic experienced by reindeer herders. This narrative is understood through the lens of Spivak’s (2010) “Can the Subaltern Speak?”. An additional discourse found is the symbolic issue between industrial ecological transitioning and the right to reindeer husbandry as a cultural heritage.
Exploateringen av mark i norra Sverige har orsakat en betydande förlust av betesmarker för renskötare. Detta hotar den svensk-samiska rennäringen, som förlitar sig på betesmarken för att hållbart mata sina hjordar. Under det senaste decenniet har en betydande mängd betesmark gått förlorad på grund av den ökande mängden vindkraftsparker (WPP) på, eller intillrenbetesmarker. Denna avhandling undersöker diskursen kring en WPP byggd i Härjedalen för IKEA. WPP byggdes på Glötesvålen, ett låg-fjäll som tidigare haft strategiskt viktiga betesmarker för samebyn Mittådalen. Genom en dissektion av elektroniska källor och halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomför författaren en diskursanalys för att identifiera de vanligaste narrativen om IKEAs vindkraftpark på Glötesvålen. En induktiv metod används för att identifiera underliggande ideologier som finns i diskursen genom ett relevant teoretisk ramverk. Resultaten visar en genomgripande entusiasm för vindkraft som ett steg mot förnybar energi. Detta narrativ speglar ideologin för ekologisk modernisering. Resultaten hittar också ett kritisk narrativ som lyfter den ojämna maktdynamiken som renskötarna upplever. Detta förstås genom Spivaks (2010) "Kan den underordnade tala?". Ytterligare en diskurs som upptäcks är symbolfrågan mellan industriell ekologisk omställning och bevarandet av renskötseln som kulturarv.

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Spivak-Dats, Asya [Verfasser], Barbara T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weis-Müller, and Rüdiger J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Seitz. "Chirurgische notfallmäßige Revaskularisation eines kompletten Verschlusses der A. carotis interna im Stadium des akuten Schlaganfalls / Asya Spivak-Dats. Gutachter: Barbara T. Weis-Müller ; Rüdiger J. Seitz." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015434533/34.

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Nyström, Daniel. "Det konkreta exemplet : En diskussion kring marginaler." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Ethnology, Comparative Religion and Gender Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7049.

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The following inquiry begins with one simple question: who is the margin? In other words, what is the referent of the term margin? Is it possible for language to capture connotations of an intended and supposed reality beyond its own limits? My supposition is that margin is a valuable concept to critical studies of the hegemonic order and dominant culture in various contexts. It is therefore necessary to expose the term itself to a critical analysis by attempting to trace its position in different discourses. The intention is to illustrate that the term margin is not merely an abstraction, confined within the framework of intricate theoretical rhetoric.

In a deconstructive analysis of Gender Trouble by Judith Butler and Can the Subaltern Speak? by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, based on the work of Jacques Derrida, I study the significance of the term margin and explore how the use or non-use of concrete examples affects the reception of both the term margin and ultimately the text as a whole.

The study of these two texts reveals that some of the very same critique raised by Butler and Spivak is itself applicable to the authors’ own theory production. Consequently, the authority of Butler and Spivak is put to the test through deconstructive analysis by disclosing the discrepancies between concrete examples, the authors’ philosophical stance as well as statements and positions found in other examples of their intellectual work.

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Prévot, Charlotte. "Phénoménologie de la différence des sexes dans la production des espaces." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083112.

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La question de l'espace, comme terme générique, prend toute sa puissance dans sa confrontation à l'autre multiple dans une perspective féministe. La formule récurente de Virginia Woolf, de trouver "une chambre à soi", au-delà de l'image spatiale, tend à dégager une réalité sociale de la division entre l'espace privé et l'espace public, comme une réalité économique de l'espace autonome et de l'espace de la soumission, une réalité physique de la délimitation des territoires symboliques. Pourtant, comment mon espace propre peut-il continuer à exister quand il entre en rapport avec l'espace social global et avec l'espace particulier de l'autre ? Depuis une perspective féministe, le terme "autre" prend alors un sens particulier rappelant la qualité apostasique de la figure de la femme, la femme étant l'écart absolu. Depuis les réflexions sur l'altérité menées par les penseuses féministes postcoloniales, nous réenvisagerons la définition du sujet pour aboutir à une pensée politique de l' "être-entre-sujets". Nous avons, au travers de l'étude de plusieurs groupes militants et féministes, tenté de mettre en évidence ces pratiques collectives dans leur faculté à être des "agir" d'émancipation. Il s'agira alors, pour reprendre l'expression de Michel Foucault, d'en montrer les "signes d'existence" comme autant d'incarnations pratiques de processus d'émancipations collectives. Le choix de croiser les champs de l'histoire de l'art, de l'esthétique, de la critique d'art aux champs plus strictement philosophiques, politiques ou sociologiques repose sur une volonté de mettre en avant la réalité effective des occurrences de l'art et du système qu'il développe
The question of space, as generic term, takes all its power in its confrontation with the multiple other from a feminist point of view. The leitmotiv of Virginia woolf, to find "a room with oneself", beyond the space image, tends to release a social reality of division between private and public spaces, like an economic reality of autonomous space and space of the tender, a physical reality of the delimitation of the symbolic territories. However, how my own space can continue to exist when it enters in connection with total social space and in the same time with the particular space of the other ? Since a feminist prospect, the "different" term takes a particular direction then pointing out the apostasic quality of the figure of the woman, the woman being as the absolute deviation. Since the reflexions on the otherness carried out the feminist postcolonialist thinkers, we will consider the definition of the subject to lead to a political thought of the "being-between-subjects". We, trough the stydy of several militant and feminist groups, tried to highlight these collective practices in their faculty at being an agency of emancipation. It will act then, to take again the expression of michel Foucault, to show of them the "signs of existence" like as many pratical incarnations of process of collective emancipations. The choice to cross the fields of history of art, esthetic, art critic to the fields more strictly philosophical, policy or sociological is based on a will to propose the effective reality of the occurrences of art and of the system which it develops

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Behrens, Dieter [Verfasser], Robin F. A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Moritz, Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Neumann, and Marla [Akademischer Betreuer] Spivak. "Mapping quantitative trait loci for larval disease resistance in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) using haploid drones : [kumulative Dissertation] / Dieter Behrens. Betreuer: Robin F. A. Moritz ; Peter Neumann ; Marla Spivak." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048558541/34.

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Taracci, Nilsson Caroline. "En kringflackande studie, i tre resande romaner : En läsning av romanerna Sargassohavet, Desirada och De osynliga städerna utifrån Édouard Glissants Relationens filosofi. Omfångets poesi." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18500.

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In this essay I have read the novels Wide Sargasso Sea (Jean Rhys 1966), Desirada (Maryse Condé 1997) and Invisible Cities (Italo Calvino 1972) through Édouard Glissant’s notion of the primary scene in Philosophie de la relation. Poésie en étendue. I have examined how the primary scene can be seen as a political/an aesthetical strategy in the three novels. This was done in order to question the blunted tool of the notion of the identity, which is often considered in studies regarding ”postcolonial novels”. Invisible Cities is not belonging in this tradition, the method I used was ”The travelling theory” of Edward W. Saïd that proposes to let theories travel through different fields instead of trying to understand their ”original” meaning. I compared these novels in accordance to Glissants theory of questioning the notion of origins. The analysis compares how the novels depending on in wich tradition they have been read is being seen with different eyes. Novels interpreted as ”postcolonial novels” are usually read as a symptom of lack of origin. Whereas the protagonist tryes to understand the loss of identity. Glissants theory eases the analysis to reach other possible meanings of the novels, where they both meet and differs. My results indicate that The Wide Sargasso Sea and Desirada create a complex relation to time and space, where the primary scenes in these novels are steeped through different time levels. The two novels present a new way to understand time that rejects historicity, create new tools for thinking and evaluates new strategies to exist in the world, without origins in the classical meaning; Rhys through her imagery and Condé through her weave of times. The same goes for Invicible Cities, only though Venice the primal scene in the novel stays the center of interest, and even though borders of time and space are being questioned, the novel tends to make Venice the guzzling synthesis.
Édouard Glissant, Jean Rhys, Maryse Condé, Italo Calvino, Édward W. Saïd, Mary Lou Emery, Spivak.

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Selby, Don. "Bridging the gap? : a critical reading of Bhabha, Said and Spivak's postcolonial positions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ43947.pdf.

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Andersson, Louise. "Ylva Oglands socialrealism : Att göra det osynliga synligt." Thesis, Södertörn University College, The School of Culture and Communication, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-445.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyse how work by Swedish artist Ylva Ogland (born in 1974) function as an eye-opener for the social marginalisation of people identified with homosexuality, prostitution and drug addiction. Although highly present in reality, these phenomena were historically, and are still today, hidden from view in public discourse. I have focused on the installations Rapture and Silence and Things Seen, and the still-life painting called Xenia. I argue that these artworks carefully represent the above-mentioned marginalised groups, by way of references to comparable motives in the history of art, from neoclassicism in France, to realism and romanticism.

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Lindgren, Lovisa. "Identitetens rum : En studie av relationen mellan plats och identitet i Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2827.

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My aim with this essay is to examine the relationship between identity positions and spatial positions in Jean Rhys novel Wide Sargasso Sea (1966). Through this I wish to show how Wide Sargasso Sea problematize the analytical cathegory "women", as well as classic western canon, and feministic eurocentric readings of the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte to which Wide Sargasso Sea correspond.

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Fogelström, Johnsson Matilda. "Thug Life: The hate U give little infants fucks everybody : Rasism och polisvåld i samtida afroamerikansk ungdomslitteratur." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76284.

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This study examines how racism and police brutality are illustrated in The hate U give and Dear Martin, which are two bestselling novels that emphasize the importance of resistance, and willingness to fight back against abuse of power and the oppression of African Americans in the US. Through the use of critical discourse analysis, power structures and race relations in the US are analyzed by means of postcolonial and power theory as well as by means of narrative theory. Moreover, the textual elements that are of importance to the analysis are the study of characters, motives and themes, specifically how the characters are affected by harmful stereotypes and forced into silence by the legal system in an attempt to justify police brutality. The analysis presented here indicates a colonial discourse, where the power structures in America are designed to work against African Americans. The characters’ actions and reactions to police brutality and oppression are therefore of importance in my study to depict how the novels creates a meaning for resistance and for finding a way for “the other” to be heard. My conclusion is that the characters’ voices are their weapons against police brutality, abuse of power, and oppression. To fight with one’s voice is to prove the stereotype, “thug”, wrong about African Americans, a stereotype that is often used by the police and the media to justify police brutality.

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Olsson, Angelika. "Arundhati Roy : Reclaiming Voices on the Margin in The God of Small Things." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8366.

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The aim of this essay is to critically consider Arundhati Roy’s novel The God of Small Things from a postcolonial feminist perspective, with a special focus on how she models different representations of women, taking as a background the discussions within postcolonial feminism about subalternity and the representations of women from the so-called Third World in theory and literature, as well as the concept of agency from Cultural Studies. This purpose is reached by studying and comparing three main female characters in the novel: Mammachi, Baby Kochamma and Ammu, centering on their different ways of relating to the male hero of the novel, Velutha, an Untouchable in the lingering caste system of India. The essay argues that Roy has contributed with diverse representations of subaltern women in the ‘Third World’ who—despite their oppressed and marginalized status—display agency and are portrayed as responsible for their own actions.

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Prikladnicki, Fábio. "Desconstrução e identidade : o caminho da diferença." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12097.

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Por meio de uma investigação que incide sobre as práticas críticas, o trabalho apresenta uma elaboração sobre o potencial político da desconstrução para uma leitura de textos literários comprometida com reivindicações identitárias feitas às margens dos discursos hegemônicos. O gesto desconstrutivo, como proposto pelo pensador franco-argelino Jacques Derrida, desafia a estabilidade de categorias que fundamentam estes discursos, tais como “essência”, “natureza”, “origem” e outros nomes metafísicos que envolvem a idéia de identidade a si, demonstrando, desta forma, que toda estrutura é atravessada por uma falta constitutiva. Sugerindo uma noção de identidade enquanto diferença, o trabalho examina estratégias gerais da desconstrução e propõe uma análise de suas apropriações nos esforços teórico-críticos dos autores indianos Gayatri Spivak e Homi Bhabha no que diz respeito à leitura de produções textuais que articulam questões de gênero e diferença sexual e de nação e diferença cultural respectivamente.
By way of investigating critical practices, this work deploys an elaboration on the political potential of deconstruction aimed at a reading of literary texts committed to identity claims from the margins of hegemonic discourses. The deconstructive gesture, as proposed by French-Algerian thinker Jacques Derrida, challenges the stability of categories that ground these discourses, such as “essence”, “nature”, “origin”, and other metaphysical names which involve the idea of identity to itself, demonstrating, thus, that every structure is crossed by a constitutive lack. In suggesting a notion of identity as difference, this work examines general strategies of deconstruction and proposes an analysis of its appropriations by the theoreticcritical efforts of Indian authors Gayatri Spivak and Homi Bhabha in the reading of textual productions that articulate questions of gender and sexual difference, and of nation and cultural difference respectively.

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Hultqvist, Kristian. "Den gröne mannens börda : Kolonial plikt i H G Wells The War of the Worlds." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196217.

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In 1898, H G Wells published The War of the Worlds, a scathing indictment of colonialism from the perspective of the colonized. The following year, Rudyard Kipling penned The White Man’s Burden, describing colonial conquest as driven by duty, for the sake of the subjugated. They shared a vantage point from the literary pedestal of fin-de-siècle London, but what they saw was very different. The War of the Worlds can be read as an allegory of colonialism where the tables are turned and the colonial masters are suddenly exposed to a ruthless and technologically superior power. What can be inferred about the Martians’ motives? Can they be perceived as driven by duty, by wishing to take care of or serve their captives’ needs? With the information provided in the The War of the Worlds, could a Martian Kipling write “The Green Man’s Burden” to motivate the invasion of the Earth? Using postcolonial tools of analysis, this essay digs into the britishness of Wells’ colonizers and colonized, as well as into the britishness of Wells’ own perspective. Some postcolonial theorists argue that representatives of the colonial powers cannot represent the subjugated. Does his background and nationality disqualify Wells to describe the effects of colonialism? I argue that it does not. Staying in the social space of the West helped Wells erode the ideology of colonialism by tailoring it to be received and understood by his target audience, his contemporary countrymen.

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Wai, Eugene Kenneth. "The relationship between spinal deformity and physical disability in children with spina bifida and scoliosis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ45922.pdf.

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Heinze, Franziska. "Postkoloniale Theorie." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-220194.

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Postkoloniale Theorie bezeichnet ein breites Spektrum theoretischer Zugänge zu und kritischer Auseinandersetzungen mit historischen und gegenwärtigen Machtverhältnissen, die im Zusammenhang mit dem europäischen Kolonialismus und seinen bis heute währenden Fortschreibungen stehen. Als Gründungsdokument postkolonialer Theorie gilt Edward Saids Studie „Orientalism“ (1978). Postkoloniale feministische Theorie fokussiert auf die Situation von Frauen bzw. auf vergeschlechtlichte Identitäten in (neo-)kolonialen Settings. Neben der Konstruktion von Gender und Geschlechterrollen sind Sexualität und Begehren wichtige Topoi postkolonialer Theorie. Ein weiteres Themenfeld stellt die Dekonstruktion eurozentrischen / westlichen Wissens dar.

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Wai, EK, Nancy Young, BM Feldman, EM Badley, and JG Wright. "The Relationship Between Function, Self-Perception, and Spinal Deformity: Implications for Treatment of Scoliosis in Children With Spina Bifida." Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2005. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/143.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of spinal deformity with physical function and self-perception in children with spina bifida. Ninety-eight eligible children with scoliosis and spina bifida were identified; 80 of them (82%) consented to participate. Spinal deformity was measured in many ways, including scoliosis, coronal balance, and pelvic obliquity. Measures of physical function included the Sitting Balance Scale, Jebsen Hand Scale, Hoffer Ambulation Scale, the Spine Bifida Spine Questionnaire, and the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK). Self-perception was determined with Harter's Self-Perception Profile. No relationship was found between spinal deformity and overall physical function (ASK). Of all aspects of spinal deformity, only coronal imbalance was significantly related to only one aspect of physical function (ie, sitting imbalance). No aspect of spinal deformity was related to self-perception. In conclusion, surgeons should be clear in their indications for surgery and recognize that in the short term the potential benefit of surgery may be, at best, to improve only sitting balance.

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Spicka, Kevin James. "Design and synthesis of fluorescent dyes for use in proteomic research." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/spicka/SpickaK0808.pdf.

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Proteomics is a rapidly developing field requiring powerful new technology in order to be able to detect proteins at increasingly lower concentrations. To aid in the detection of proteins at lower concentrations, DIGE dyes, a family of spectrally resolved fluorescent dyes, are currently available to proteomic researchers for 2D gel analysis. However, the demands of protein detection dictate that dyes that are even more sensitive and versatile be created. The syntheses of highly sensitive, water soluble BODIPY fluorophore dyes are described. These dyes are proposed to have the necessary sensitivity to allow for detection of proteins in much lower concentrations, providing an improvement over current protein detection limits. The BODIPY dyes that have been synthesized are available in a variety of absorbances and emissions. While fluorescent dyes that are amine-reactive are the most popular covalently binding protein labeling markers being used in today's proteomic research, thiol-reactive fluorescent markers are gaining importance in proteomic research. Since thiol residues are less common in proteins compared to their amine counterparts, saturation labeling and quantification are more easily achieved. The syntheses of sensitive thiol- reactive fluorescent dyes are described. These syntheses allow for quick generation of thiol-reactive fluorescent markers to be used in proteomic research.

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Perry, Jonathan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Spinal codes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78364.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from PDF student-submitted version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-55).
Spinal codes are a new class of rateless codes that enable wireless networks to cope with time-varying channel conditions in a natural way, without requiring any explicit bit rate selection. The key idea in the code is the sequential application of a pseudo-random hash function to the message bits, to produce a sequence of coded symbols for transmission. This encoding ensures that two input messages that differ in even one bit lead to very different coded sequences after the point at which they differ, providing good resilience to noise and bit errors. To decode spinal codes, we develop an approximate maximum-likelihood decoder, called the bubble decoder, which runs in time polynomial in the message size and achieves the Shannon capacity over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and binary symmetric channel (BSC) models. The decoder trades off throughput for computation (hardware area or decoding time), allowing the decoder to scale gracefully with available hardware resources. Experimental results obtained from a software implementation of a linear-time decoder show that spinal codes achieve higher throughput than fixed-rate LDPC codes [11], rateless Raptor codes [35], and the layered rateless coding approach [8] of Strider [12], across a wide range of channel conditions and message sizes. An early hardware prototype that can decode at 10 Mbits/s in FPGA demonstrates that spinal codes are a practical construction.
by Jonathan Perry.
S.M.

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33

Vanhook, Patricia M., Lynne M. Dunphy, B. Porter, and C. Luskin. "Spinal Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7409.

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Book Summary: Serves the needs of advanced practice nurses because it’s written by nurse practitioners for nurse practitioners, in collaboration with a physician. Organizes content around the Circle of Caring framework for nursing-based knowledge and holistic care. Explores complementary and alternative treatments for each disorder. Covers the broadest range of human disease and disorders using a systems-based approach, presenting both common complaints and common problems to help students narrow down the possible differentials to the most likely diagnosis. Considers interactions of pharmaceuticals with alternative medications and nutraceuticals. Features coverage of pathophysiology and diagnostic reasoning as well as up-to-date guidance on laboratory and diagnostic tests. Emphasizes evidence-based practice with information on evidence levels and more references to primary studies. Integrates discussions of health policy and primary care throughout the text.

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Goodyear, David J. "Development of single-point spiral-scan imaging, spiral-SPRITE." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ65489.pdf.

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35

Heinze, Franziska. "Postkoloniale Theorie." Universität Leipzig, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15382.

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Postkoloniale Theorie bezeichnet ein breites Spektrum theoretischer Zugänge zu und kritischer Auseinandersetzungen mit historischen und gegenwärtigen Machtverhältnissen, die im Zusammenhang mit dem europäischen Kolonialismus und seinen bis heute währenden Fortschreibungen stehen. Als Gründungsdokument postkolonialer Theorie gilt Edward Saids Studie „Orientalism“ (1978). Postkoloniale feministische Theorie fokussiert auf die Situation von Frauen bzw. auf vergeschlechtlichte Identitäten in (neo-)kolonialen Settings. Neben der Konstruktion von Gender und Geschlechterrollen sind Sexualität und Begehren wichtige Topoi postkolonialer Theorie. Ein weiteres Themenfeld stellt die Dekonstruktion eurozentrischen / westlichen Wissens dar.

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36

Wirth, Brigitte Susanne. "Cortico-spinal tract function in incomplete human spinal cord injury." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17602.

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Södergren, David. "Öppna spisar : metod som förhindrar öppna spisar att ryka in." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energy Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4337.

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The primary purpose of this thesis is to account for a new method of limiting the risk of smoke leaking out from the open fireplace into the room. The improved functionality is obtained by adding a turnplate to the open fireplace mounted horizontally inside the lower edge at the hood of the open fire. The streams of smoke and air, which are cold of the contact with the cool surfaces in the stove, have a tendency to fall down along the inside of the hood and continue out into the room. The stream is stopped and redirected back up into the chimney by the turnplate. The development of the method is based on measuring of temperatures and air flows in a monitored fireplace. Tests have been carried out partially in a test fireplace in full scale and partially in a model of the test fireplace at the scale 1:2. The model fireplace is made in glass which makes it possible to study and photograph the streams of smoke inside of the fireplace and oil fog has been used for the demonstration. Temperatures on surfaces and gases in the fireplace have been measured during different periods of time. These measurements have shown that the greatest risk for backwards floating air currents occurs directly after having lit the fire and during some hour after that. It is during this time the temperatures in the fireplace will rise. Measurements and also film-recordings have therefore been concentrated to these periods of time. The heat gain from the fire has been measured in connection to the tests. The distribution of the heat through radiation and convection based on the temperature measurements is shown.

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Södergren, David. "Öppna spisar : metod som förhindrar öppna spisar att ryka in /." Stockholm : Institutionen för energiteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4337.

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Tuerk, Tobias. "Mehrschicht-Spiral-Computertomographie." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-80149.

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Dorsett, Patricia Ann. "Spinal cord injury." Access full text, 2001. http://www.health.qld.gov.au/qscis/PDF/QSCIS_Information/Spinal_Cord_Injury_How_Do_People_Cope.pdf.

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41

Nowak, Deborah J. "Spinal muscular atrophy /." Online version of thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12227.

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42

Altas, Melanie. "Spinal cord transplants in a rat model of spinal cord injury." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0021/MQ49305.pdf.

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43

Hjort, Elisabeth. "Förtvivlade läsningar : Litteratur som motstånd och läsning som etik." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247533.

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This study has two aims and addresses two areas of investigation. The first aim is to examine, in four novels and their textual worlds, what role is played by collective self-images and essentialist identities in maintaining power structures in regard to gender, class, norms for mental functions, and ethnicity. Whether, and if so, how, the novel’s deconstruction of language and images can function as resistance to hegemonic oppression? What does the encounter between the privileged collective and the marginalized look like in the novel, and what happens in this encounter? The project’s second aim is to probe what criticism of, and what strategies for resistance to, various power structures reading can provide. To what extent is it possible to speak of responsibility for, and in, the reading of fictional works? What role is played by the (un)expected and the conditionality in the poetical novel’s ethical demands on the reader? What might reading as an ethical practice mean and entail? The dual aim situates this dissertation in an interdisciplinary field between ethics, literary studies and aesthetics. In this study despair is the fundament on which the ethical reader stands to approach literature. Rather than discovering meanings, finding examples, or experiencing empathy, it is being engaged in the conditions determined by suffering and injustice that constitutes ethical reading. The novels Drömfakulteten (The Dream Faculty) by Sara Stridsberg, Hevonen häst (Hevonen Horse) by Annika Korpi, Montecore by Jonas Hassen Khemiri, and Personliga pronomen (Personal Pronouns) by Daniel Sjölin comprise the material for the study. They are analysed in terms of deconstructive hermeneutics. Theories brought to bear are primarily Gayatri Spivak’s post-colonial and Emmanuel Levinas’ phenomenological thinking about ethics, together with ideas from, among others, Derek Attridge, Judith Butler, and Sara Ahmed. The readings of the novels are done via four points of entry: identity, the body, the human, and the post-political, as part of the project’s work process, with each reading leading to new questions and critical interventions. The analysis points to a responsibility in relation to identity, a practice where oneself is shifted and transformed. This responsibility also encompasses accountability for the normative orders that need to be changed. Literary projects per se cannot achieve this, but they can be read as a stab at resistance, material for the reader to elaborate upon. This responsibility is an ethical practice that is not completed, that has uncertainty inscribed in its very essence, and that is reinvigorated with each new reading.

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Dobrydnjov, Igor. "Perioperative effects of systemic or spinal clonidine as adjuvant during spinal anaesthesia /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/med859s.pdf.

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Surey, Sarina. "Understanding the molecular mechanisms of spinal cord cavitation after spinal cord injury." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5721/.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurodegenerative disease with research centered on axon regeneration and preservation to cure paralysis. Mice and rats are widely studied and experienced models used to imitate SCI due to differences in vascular disruption, blood vessel loss and cavitation at SCI epicenters. This study investigates sub-acute SCI responses, documenting angiogenic/inflammatory factors and matrix deposition in both species. Although cavitation was absent in mice, the lesion site in rats was larger at 8 and 15 days post lesion (dpl). Absence of cavitation in mice correlated with increased levels of pro-angiogenic/wound healing factors within the wound compared to rats at 8 dpl, coinciding with microarray analysis along with increased axonal sparing at T7 and T9 spinal segments. Despite similar deficits in thermal sensitivity 2 hours after injury, by 7 days the responses were comparable to controls in both species. Furthermore, inducing inflammation directly after injury using zymosan resulted in inflammatory-induced angiogenic responses between both species at 8 dpl, contributing to tissue damage and micro-cavities in the CNS. In conclusion angiogenic responses in mice attenuates wound cavitation, reducing secondary axon damage and thus induces axon sprouting/regeneration. These results suggest potential therapeutic utility of manipulating angiogenic/inflammatory responses after human SCI.

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46

Grand, R. J. J. "A numerical study of spiral galaxies and dynamical effects of spiral arms." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1433765/.

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We use high-resolution numerical simulations of disc galaxies to study spiral arms and their dynamical influence on nearby stars. We find that in the numerical simulations the spiral arms are winding, transient features whose pattern speeds decrease with radius in such a way that the pattern speed is almost equal to the rotation curve of the galaxy. We validate this for normal and barred-spirals, and demonstrate that there is no significant offset of different star-forming tracers across the spiral arm. We show from the dynamics of nearby star particles that star particles are drawn towards and join the spiral arm from behind (in front of) the arm and migrate towards the outer (inner) regions of the disc until the arm disappears. The resulting gain (loss) of angular momentum of star particles behind (in front of) the spiral arm is termed radial migration, and occurs over the entire radial range analyzed. A direct consequence of ubiquitous co-rotation radii is that the guiding centre radii of particles are changed while their degree of random motion is unchanged. We show that there are several types of migrator particles, as well as particles that do not migrate, that each have a different orbital evolution. We show that the orbital type depends on position in configuration and phase space, and show how the orbits can make up moving group features in velocity space. We investigate the correlation between the galactic shear rate and the pitch angle of both individual density waves and the apparent co-rotating spiral arms. We find that, in both cases, higher galactic shear rates produce more tightly wound spiral arms, in agreement with observation. We find also that winding spiral arms can naturally explain the scatter in the pitch angle-shear rate relation seen from observations.

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Lord, Tyler M. "EFFECTS OF SPINAL CORD INJURY ON ACTIVATION OF THE SPINAL EJACULATION GENERATOR." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1589565574775045.

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O'Riordan, Elizabeth Fitzgerald. "Comparison of serial manual muscle test performance in children and adults with spina bifida who undergo and do not undergo surgical tethered cord release." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2009.

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49

Wong, Wai-ning Kris. "Lumbar spinal motion analysis." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36611773.

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Tylstedt, Sven. "The Human Spiral Ganglion." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Clinical Sciences, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-77.

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Our knowledge of the fine structure of the Human Spiral Ganglion (HSG) is still inadequate and new treatment techniques for deafness using electric stimulation, call for further information and studies on the neuronal elements of the human cochlea. This thesis presents results of analyses of human cochlear tissue and specimens obtained during neurosurgical transpetrosal removal of life-threatening meningeomas. The use of surgical biopsies produced a well-preserved material suitable for ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on the human inner ear. The SG was studied with respect to fine structure, using TEM technique and the immunostaining pattern of synaptophysin, which is an integral membrane protein of neuronal synaptic vesicles. The immunostaining patterns of the tight junctional protein ZO-1 and the gap junctional proteins Cx26 and Cx43 in the human cochlea were also studied. The ultrastructural morphology revealed an absence of myelination pattern in the HSG, thus differing from that in other species. Furthermore, formation of structural units as well as signs of neural interaction between the type 1 neurons could be observed. Type 1 cells were tightly packed in clusters, sharing the ensheathment of Schwann cells. The cells frequently made direct physical contact in Schwann cell gaps in which membrane specializations appeared. These specializations consisted of symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed filamentous densities along the apposed cell membranes. The same structures were also present between individual unmyelinated nerve fibres and the type 1 cells. Synapses were observed on the type 2 neurons, with nerve fibres originating from the intraganglionic spiral bundle. Such synapses, though rare, were also observed on the type 1 cells. The ultrastructural findings were confirmed by the synaptophysin study. A 3-D model of a Schwann cell gap between two type 1 cells was constructed, describing the distribution pattern of membrane specializations. In the immunohistochemical studies on the human cochlea, ZO-1 was expressed in tissues lining scala media, thus contributing to the formation of a closed compartment system, important for the maintenance of the specific ionic composition of the endolymph. Protein Cx26 could be identified in non-sensory epithelial cells of the organ of Corti, in connective tissue cells of the spiral ligament and spiral limbus, as well as in the basal and intermediate cell layers of stria vascularis. Cx26 in this region may be involved in the recycling of potassium. Protein Cx43 stained weakly in the spiral ligament, but intense staining in the SG may indicate that gap junctions exist between these neurons. A different functional role for the HSG can be assumed from the morphological characteristics and the signs of a neural interaction between the SG cells. This might be relevant for neural processing mechanisms in speech coding and could have implications for cochlear implant techniques.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spivak'

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