Academic literature on the topic 'Subject International law'

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Journal articles on the topic "Subject International law"

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Arifin, Ridwan, Zaeda Zulfa, and Dhanny Saraswati. "International Committee of Red Cross versus International Red Crescent: The Recent Practices as Subject International Law." International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 1, no. 2 (2022): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v1i2.58375.

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The International Red Cross has different characteristics so that in its development, this organization is accepted as one of the subjects of international law. However, the International Red Cross has limitations in the subject of law. International treaties such as the 1949 Red Cross Conventions provide certain rights and obligations. The rights and obligations are given by the convention indirectly to individuals through the country that is a participant in the convention. Through such construction, many individual circumstances or events that are subject to international law based on a con
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Jurayeva, Muslima. "LEGAL ENTITIES AS A SUBJECT OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW." Tsul legal report 2, no. 1 (2021): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.lr.2.1./qmgp1092.

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This article analyzes, firstly, the definition of the meaning of the concept of “legal entity” in a general sense, and secondly, the determination of the concept, types and features as a subject of private international law. The article studied this topic using the example of an arbitration case that arose between banks of the Russian Federation and foreign banks. The article also shows the difference between such concepts as “the criterion of incorporation,” “the criterion of legal entities location,” “the criterion of legal entity’s principal place of business.” In conclusion, the author wil
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Dinstein, Yoram. "International Criminal Law." Israel Law Review 20, no. 2-3 (1985): 206–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700017635.

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The individual human being is manifestly the object of every legal system on this planet, and consequently also of international law. The ordinary subject of international law is the international corporate entity: first and foremost (though not exclusively) the State. Yet, the corporate entity is not a tangible res that exists in reality, but an abstract notion, moulded through legal manipulation by and within the ambit of a superior legal system. When the veil is pierced, one can see that behind the legal personality of the State (or any other international corporate entity) there are natura
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Mansyur, Supardan. "THE NEW DEVELOPMENT OF SUBJECT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW." Unram Law Review 1, no. 1 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ulrev.v1i1.3.

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Nowdays the status of subject of international law is one of the most controversies in international law, particularly in part of corporation (multinational entities) and non governmental organizations. Since the status of subject of international law gives entities rights and duties under international law, it is important to find out the new development in the subject of international law. The issue in this article is what is the new development on the establishment and recognition of subject of international law?. To solve the issue, this article using normative reseach with conceptual appr
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Salako, Solomon E. "The Individual in International Law: ‘Object’ versus ‘Subject." International Law Research 8, no. 1 (2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ilr.v8n1p132.

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There is uncertainty about the status of the individual in international law. The traditional positivist doctrine of international law is that States are the sole subjects of international law and that the individual is the object. The contemporary approach is that the individual is an original subject of international law and the owner of international individual rights. This approach relies for its justification on areas of international law such as investment protection treaties, intellectual property treaties, international human rights law, individual criminal liability in international l
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Goverdovskaya, Tatiana V. "STATE – THE MAIN SUBJECT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW." HUMANITARIAN RESEARCHES 60, no. 4 (2016): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-4936-2016-60-4-187-191.

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Novikov, Oleg Alekseevich, and Igor' Olegovich Nadtochii. "Metaconfederation as a Subject of Global Law of the Future." Международное право, no. 4 (April 2022): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2644-5514.2022.4.39203.

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The subject of the study of the article presented by the authors are the subjects of that system of global regulatory regulation, which historically is called international law. The object of the study is a variety of connections that develop between the subjects of global relations, regulated on the basis of the principles and norms of the system of international law. The authors propose a gradual departure from the usual names adopted in the modern theory of international law, and, in particular, propose new definitions: "global law" and "metaconfederation". The definitions proposed by the a
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Collins, Lawrence. "Reflections on Holocaust Claims in International Law." Israel Law Review 41, no. 3 (2008): 402–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700000297.

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It does not need to be said that to be asked to give the Lionel Cohen lecture is a great honor. One of the first books on private international law which I acquired when I became interested in the subject was a volume of the Lionel Cohen lectures delivered by Sir Otto Kahn-Freund. I have chosen a topic which involves the subjects in which I have my primary academic interests, public and private international law, but also a subject in which I had some professional involvement before I became a judge.My immediate family was safely in England at the time of the Holocaust, but I am particularly g
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Shugurov, Mark Vladimirovich. "On Issue of the Subject Matter of International Law Philosophy." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 6, no. 2 (2019): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18480.

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This article offers a comprehensive view of most significant aspects of the subject matter of international law philosophy. The purpose is a framing the conceptual model of its subject matter and is to identify general themes of further discussion. The methodology of research conducted consists of the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and abstracting. The author has used the system principle and the historical principle. As results of given study are following: justifying the idea of international law as a main subject matter of respective philosophy; explica
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YERMOLENKO-KNYAZEVA, Lilia. "An individual as a subject of international law." Scientific Bulletin of Flight Academy. Section: Economics, Management and Law 3;4 (February 25, 2021): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33251/2707-8620-2021-3-4-166-171.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subject International law"

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Bahmany, Leyla. "Sustainable development of international arbitration: rethinking subject-matter arbitrability." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117139.

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The discussion pertaining to the inarbitrability of public policy disputes has a long-standing position in arbitration law. To protect public interests, domestic legal systems imposed a general ban on the arbitration of public policy disputes. In 1985, however, the United States Supreme Court in Mitsubishi Motors Corp. v. Soler Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc. removed antitrust disputes from the category of inarbitrable matters and marked a new phase in the history of inarbitrability. The general nature of Mitsubishi's reasoning affected other Western jurisdictions to remove the inarbitrability of publ
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Bock, Heike. "A comparison of the subject-matter jurisdiction of the international criminal tribunals /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34009.

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The purpose of this thesis is to record the development of international criminal law by means of an analysis of the subject-matter jurisdiction of the few established international criminal tribunals. The first chapter will illustrate by a historical survey the evolution of the law and its impairment by an incoherent international realpolitik. Subsequently, the second chapter will analyze the present state of the law as reflected by the Statute of the ICC as well as the Statutes and jurisdiction of the ad hoc Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. It will thereby concentrate on the c
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Harris, Callista. "Incidental Determinations by International Courts and Tribunals: Subject-Matter Jurisdiction and Applicable Law in Proceedings Under Compromissory Clauses." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29732.

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Many States are parties to treaties containing compromissory clauses. By virtue of such clauses, States consent to proceedings being commenced against them in relation to “disputes concerning the interpretation or application” of a particular treaty. In practice, disputes are brought before international courts and tribunals pursuant to such clauses that not only involve issues under the rules set out in the relevant treaty, but which also involve issues under rules found outside of the treaty (“external issues” and “external rules”). Can courts and tribunals that have been granted jurisdicti
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Chochorelou, María. "Multinational corporations as a new subject of international investment law: Rights conferred to investors under the ISDS provisions of intergovernmental and bilateral treaties and ways to balance this new reality." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664724.

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The international investment regime has faced several criticisms already since the mid-2000s. Scholars and civil society have called both for refinement of the content of the numerous bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and other international investment agreements (IIAs), as well as for reconsideration of the purpose of the investment regime. Over the past few years, we face a phase of ‘re-orientation’ of international investmen law. The 1990s rush of conclusion of BITs is slowing down and gives way to the negotiations at the regional level. This era of transition from investment bila
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Грушко, Мальвіна Валеріївна, Мальвина Валерьевна Грушко та Malvina V. Grushko. "Становлення та специфіка міжнародно-правового режиму військовополонених". Thesis, Одеса, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11300/2324.

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Грушко М. В. Становлення та специфіка міжнародно-правового режиму військовополонених : дис. ... канд. юрид. наук : 12.00.11 / Грушко Мальвіна Валеріївна. - Одеса, 2015. - 283 арк.<br>У дисертації здійснено комплексний аналіз міжнародно-правового режиму військовополонених та досліджено його розвиток та специфіку. Вказано на поступову гуманізацію інституту воєнного полону та проліферацію міжнародно-правових норм щодо поводження та захисту військовополонених. Проведено системну характеристику інституту воєнного полону. Детально проаналізовані положення універсальних міжнародних договорів та відп
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Colavitti, Romélien. "Le statut des collectivités infra-étatiques européennes : entre organe et sujet." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1028.

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L'ordre juridique international appréhende une collectivité infra-étatique comme un organe de l'État souverain. Cette logique classique d'assimilation, guidée par une lecture étatiste des rapports internationaux, y conditionne les opérations d'identification d'un engagement en raison d'un acte juridique, d'imputation d'un fait illicite et d'établissement d'une capacité à ester en justice. Dans ce contexte, une collectivité infra-étatique ne dispose pas d'une personnalité juridique propre, réserve faite du cas particulier des collectivités fédérées. Originellement internationaux, les ordres jur
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Ertürk, Erdem. "Restless beyond statehood : rethinking the role of recognition vis-á-vis the constitution of subjects under international law." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2018. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/350/.

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The central thesis developed here is that recognition is imperative for the constitution of subjects under international law. The thesis addresses the failure of the prevalent theories of recognition of states to account for the relational element of coming-into-being of international subjects. I identify the notion of absolute sovereignty, the idea that states can entirely be independent from their external relations, as the underlying cause of this failure. The outcome is that, the constitutive theorists limit their perception of recognition to an act of sovereign consent and the declarative
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Diwan, Naazneen S. "Female Legal Subjects And Excused Violence: Male Collective Welfare Through State-Sanctioned Discipline In The Levantine French Mandate And Metropolis." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1222186748.

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Шевченко-Бітенська, Олена Валентинівна, Елена Валентиновна Шевченко-Битенская та Olena V. Shevchenko-Bitenska. "Правові механізми Ради Європи у сфері захисту дітей від насильства". Thesis, Одеса, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11300/2325.

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Шевченко-Бітенська О. В. Правові механізми Ради Європи у сфері захисту дітей від насильства : дис. ... канд. юрид. наук : спец. : 12.00.11 / Шевченко-Бітенська Олена Валентинівна. - Одеса, 2015. - 210 с.<br>Дисертація містить визначення та систематизацію правових механізмів Ради Європи у сфері захисту дітей від насильства та пропозиції щодо їх ефективного застосування у правовій системі України. У роботі висвітлюється генезис міжнародного права прав дитини на універсальному та регіональному (європейському) рівнях та відповідне міжнародно-правове закріплення понять «дитина» і «насильство». Вия
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Деревянко, Богдан Володимирович, Bogdan Derevyanko та Богдан Владимирович Деревянко. "І знову про співвідношення та взаємопроникнення інститутів приватного і публічного права". Thesis, Маріуполь: ДонДУВС, 2021. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11498.

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У тезах доповіді зазначено, що сьогодні не слід робити акцент на поділі галузей права та права загалом на приватне і публічне. Слід зосередити увагу на взаємоповʼязаному досягненні публічних і приватних інтересів. А тому і слід вести мову про ухвалення та одночасне виконання заходів «Концепції реалізації приватних інтересів», змістом якої можуть бути правові інститути із багатьох галузей права України, що передбачають наявність приватних інтересів у їх суб’єктів, та «Концепції реалізації публічних інтересів», змістом якої можуть бути інші правові інститути у межах тих самих та інших галузей пр
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Books on the topic "Subject International law"

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Santa-Pinter, J. J. The Constantinian Order, subject of international law. 3rd ed. International Philo byzantine Academy and University, 1996.

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Petit, Michael J. International conciliation: Author, title, subject indexes. W.S. Hein, 2001.

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Chmielewska-Gorczyca, Ewa. Prawo międzynarodowe: Mikrotezaurus. Wydawn. Sejmowe, 2001.

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Tillie, Krieger, and American Association of Law Libraries., eds. Subject headings for the literature of law and international law, and index to LC K schedules: A thesaurus of law subject terms. 4th ed. F.B. Rothman, 1990.

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Stormorken, Bjørn. Human rights terminology in international law: A thesaurus. M. Nijhoff, 1988.

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Keane, David Patrick. Irish nationality and citizenship law from Crown subject to European citizen. University College Dublin, 1997.

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Ladd, William. Dissertation on the subject of a congress of nations, for the adjustment of international disputes without recourse to arms. Fred B. Rothman & Co., 1994.

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Ladd, William. Dissertation on the subject of a congress of nations, for the adjustment of international disputes without recourse to arms. Fred B. Rothman & Co., 1994.

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Arzumanova, Lana, Elena Gorlova, Elena Gracheva, Viktor Machehin, Karina Ponomareva, and Ol'ga Sobol'. International and European tax law. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1867904.

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The textbook discusses the subject, principles, sources of international tax law and European tax law, as well as the content of these tax relations. &#x0D; The main attention is paid to the development of the concept of permanent representation in international tax law, issues of avoiding double taxation and countering unfair tax competition.&#x0D; For undergraduates, postgraduates and teachers of higher educational institutions.
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Sima, Mirkin, ed. The Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition compendium: Subject indexes and finding aids. W.S. Hein, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Subject International law"

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Pataraia, David. "The notion of the subjects of international law and the state as the main subject." In International Law. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003213772-4.

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Reed, Kyle. "Subject or Skill? Teaching (and Learning) International Law as an International Relations Scholar." In Teaching International Law. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003429265-33.

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Batra, Rimali. "Donut Style of Teaching Law, the Multidisciplinary Subject." In Contemporary Issues in International Law. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6277-3_44.

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Talmon, Stefan. "Subject Index." In Recognition in International Law. Brill | Nijhoff, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004478145_019.

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Degan, V. D. "Subject Index." In Sources of International Law. Brill | Nijhoff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004635203_015.

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"Subject Index." In Netherlands International Law Review, edited by Peter A. Morris, Johan C. van Haersolte, and Brenda M. Hall. Brill | Nijhoff, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004638884_009.

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Giesen, Dieter. "Subject Index." In International Medical Malpractice Law. Brill | Nijhoff, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004632707_077.

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Hartley, Trevor C. "Subject-Matter Scope." In Choice-of-court Agreements under the European and International Instruments. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199218028.003.0004.

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Ahmed, El Far. "Introduction and Delimitation of the Subject." In Abuse of Rights in International Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198850380.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the principle of abuse of rights in international arbitration. It is now generally recognized that international arbitration is the preferred method for resolving disputes in international trade and the normal means for resolving commercial and investment disputes. However, in recent years, international arbitration has been plagued by different forms of procedural abuse. Abusive practices developed by parties may not only cause paramount prejudice to their opponents, but can also undermine the fair resolution of disputes and frustrate the admi
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Murty, B. S. "Subject Index." In The International Law of Diplomacy. Brill | Nijhoff, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004639270_015.

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Conference papers on the topic "Subject International law"

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Ion, Gabriel Florinel. "INTERNATIONALIZATION AND EUROPEANIZATION OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW THROUGH STANDARDIZATION." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/vs02/08.

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Purpose: Establishing the place and importance of the General Principles of Law in the European context, with the connotations they have at the level of the Member States, as well as at the level of other states, in order to establish the indestructible link between them and the rules or norms of fundamental law or only of law private. Starting from the definitions of the General Principles on all the specified levels, the objectives to be achieved for a correct interpretation of the application of the law are to be established. Objectives: Bringing the General Principles to the fore and corre
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Akinin, Artem. "Commercial (entrepreneurial) and private international law (comparative law study)." In Actual problems of jurisprudence 2022. Publishing Center RIOR, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02089-0/013-018.

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The article deals with the subject, system and sources of trade (entrepreneurial) law in the aspect of the international space. The author of the article notes a significant practical connection between international business and international private law, names their main features as a dispositive method of legal regulation, independence and equality of subjects of civil legal relations, the presence of corresponding rights and obligations among the subjects of such relations, a pronounced property nature of the civil liability of subjects.
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Kayıhan, Şaban, and Mehmet Eski. "International Economy Law Concept and the Source of International Economy Law." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01366.

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Depending on the justification of the domination promulgates Law principles which is related with the multi-areas of the social life and assures implementation of Law rules due to its judicial power. However, nowadays implementation of State’s Law principles has been gradually damaged. In fact, not only markets transformed into the world bazaar with the globalization but also the participants of the markets acts global. As a result of the findings of the economic facts, one State’s cross-border trade and beside the national law which regulates the economic actions, normative arrangements incre
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Zimina, Elizaveta Dmitrievna. "THE SPECIFICS OF THE SUBJECT OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW. THE POLYSYSTEM NATURE OF THIS BRANCH OF LAW." In Themed collection of papers from III Foreign International Scientific Conference «Science in the Era of Challenges and Global Changes» by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). June 2025. Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37539/250626.2025.56.71.007.

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Today, private international law is an important area for the development of international trade, investment and cooperation between foreign individuals and legal entities. His subject covers many aspects related to private legal relations. This paper examines the specifics of the subject of MCHP, as well as answers to questions that arise in the context of the application of collisions.
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Hassan Saad, Nour. "The effects of national law in establishing the rules of international law (terrorism law as a model) a comparative study." In I. International Sharjah Conference of Humanities and Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47832/sharjahconf1-4.

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The phenomenon of terrorism is one of the concepts that has been subject to theorizing and debate in drawing its borders and defining it based on the differences in intellectual backgrounds and real experiences of terrorist events, and the goals sought by countries and international institutions. However, what is common in this concept is extremism, the elimination of the other, killing and brutality in achieving its goals, which necessitated the unification of international efforts to contain its dangers by means of joint mechanisms, in addition to monitoring domestic laws in a relationship o
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PATRU, Radu. "ASPECTS REGARDING THE STATE AS THE MAIN SUBJECT OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW." In 6th SWS International Scientific Conference on Social Sciences ISCSS 2019. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscss.2019.1/s02.007.

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Rybyanets, V., and E. Moiseeva. "ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AS AN INDEPENDENT BRANCH OF LAW." In SYNTHESIS OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION IN SOLVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF MODERNITY – 2024. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58168/synthesis2024_197-202.

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Environmental law is an important and dynamically developing branch of the legal system, which plays a key role in ensuring sustainable interaction between human society and nature. In the modern world, where environmental threats are becoming more and more obvious, this area of law is of particular importance. It pays special attention to environmental protection, responsibility for violations of environmental standards, support for sustainable development and international cooperation. Environmental law is based on the understanding that the environment is an irresistible and indispensable c
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Yılmazcan, Dilek. "Climate Policy and International Law." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02720.

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The climate change has reached crucial dimensions that affect life deeply. Some regions are more affected by this, and it has become a threat to future generations. In the last decades, this issue has been brought to the agenda many times, but the necessary measures have not been taken yet. The increase in world temperature and the rapid melting of glaciers will drive sea waters to rise and some regions to be underwater, and droughts due to increased heat will expand. This situation will lead to food and water problems very soon, and it may endanger human life. Climate change has economic, pol
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Orekhova, Anastasia Alexandrovna, and Maxim Mikhailovich Rakitin. "Sports Law: concept, subject, sources, problems and prospects of development." In IX International Research-to-practice conference, chair Valentin Dmitrievich Ivanov. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-113731.

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Erdmanis, Rihards, and Ivans Jānis Mihailovs. "Teacher as a Subject of Law in Legal Education Relationship." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.22.

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In Latvia, the essential legal aspects of the teacher’s professional activity have been little studied. In short, the relevance of the research and practical nature is not negative. Taking into account several difficult cases in the practice of educational institutions, as well as some legal proceedings in which teachers, educators and parents were involved, it follows from discussions about how the work of teachers, its content, rights, duties, and responsibilities both before and the Covid-19 pandemic are relevant. Although in Latvia, the number of teachers in general education schools has d
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Reports on the topic "Subject International law"

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Carty, Anthony, and Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.

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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature
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Michel, Bob, and Tatiana Falcão. Taxing Profits from International Maritime Shipping in Africa: Past, Present and Future of UN Model Article 8 (Alternative B). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.023.

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International maritime shipping is an essential part of global business. Since the establishment of the current international tax regime in the 1920s, there has been a consensus that profits generated by this business are taxable only in the residence state –the state where the shipowners are located. Source states – the port states where business physically takes place – are generally expected to exempt income from international shipping. This standard is currently reflected in Article 8 of the OECD Model and Article 8 (Alternative A) of the UN Model, and is incorporated in the vast majority
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Enfield, Sue. Promoting Gender Equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.063.

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This helpdesk report synthesises evidence on the drivers and opportunities for promoting gender equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood region. Although equality between women and men is enshrined in the constitutions and legal systems of all Eastern Neighbourhood countries, and all countries have ratified most of the important international conventions in this area without reservations; women are still subject to social discrimination. Discriminatory laws, social norms, and practices rooted in patriarchal systems inherited from the Soviet era have negative consequences and act as drags upon gen
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Iturralde, Diego, Esteban Krotz, Víctor Cárdenas, et al. Indigenous Development: Poverty, Democracy and Sustainability. Inter-American Development Bank, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006810.

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The contributions included in this volume reflect both the challenges and opportunities of an incipient process of reflection and dialogue between indigenous peoples, governments and development agencies on a subject of vital importance for the approximately 40 million indigenous people of the hemisphere. In addition to the critical issues of poverty reduction, self-development, indigenous rights and secured access to land and natural resources, a common thread throughout this volume is the close interrelationship between sound and sustainable socioeconomic development and the preservation and
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Spiess, Volkhard, and Tilmann Schwenk. Student Cruises: Advanced marine geophysical survey project Seegeophysikalische Geländeübung - Marine Geophysical Field Exercise, Cruise No. AL566/Leg1+2+3, 02.10.2021 – 5.10.2021, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany), GeophysPracUniBremen. University of Bremen, Faculty of Geosciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3289/cr_al566.

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The student training cruises of the Faculty of Geosciences at the University of Bremen took place in 2021 during the Cruise AL566. The cruise was dedicated to master and bachelor students. The master students took part in the frame of the course “Advanced marine geophysical survey project”, which is part of the module “Field and Lab Practice” within the internationally oriented postgraduate study program Master of Science "Marine Geosciences". The module is mandatory for students in the first year of the curriculum. The data collected during the cruise are used for small scientific projects ca
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McDonald, Paula, Andrew Stewart, Diane van den Broek, and Catherine Kennon. Locked In or Left Out: Assessing the Impact of Post-Employment Restraints in Australia. Queensland University of Technology, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.254319.

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Post -employment restraints, including non-compete clauses (NCCs), non-solicitation agreements, and non-disclosure clauses, are prevalent legal tools used in Australia and globally. These instruments aim to protect employers' proprietary interests, client relationships, and intellectual property. However, their broad application raises concerns about job mobility, wage stagnation, and innovation. Internationally, countries like the United States and United Kingdom report similar challenges, with some jurisdictions moving toward greater regulation. Recent Australian data highlights that nearly
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DeJaeghere, Joan, Bich-Hang Duong, and Vu Dao. Teaching Practices That Support and Promote Learning: Qualitative Evidence from High and Low Performing Classes in Vietnam. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/024.

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This Insight Note contributes to the growing body of knowledge on teaching practices that foster student learning and achievement by analysing in-depth qualitative data from classroom observations and teacher interviews. Much of the research on teachers and teaching in development literature focuses on observable and quantified factors, including qualifications and training. But simply being qualified (with a university degree in education or subject areas), or trained in certain ways (e.g., coaching versus in-service) explains very little of the variation in learning outcomes (Kane and Staige
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Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei, and Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf: enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.

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Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparit
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Cvijić, Srdjan, Nikola Dimitrov, Leposava Ognjanoska Stavrovska, and Ivana Ranković. Bilateral Disputes and EU enlargement: A Consensual Divorce. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55042/xubk6023.

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Bilateral disputes between European Union member states and candidate countries are one of the key obstacles to EU enlargement. They have been plaguing the EU accession process ever since the breakup of Yugoslavia and the subsequent border dispute between EU member Slovenia and candidate country Croatia which then ensued. More recently we have the case of North Macedonia. It became a candidate country in 2005 but ever since, its accession negotiations have been bogged down by endless bilateral disputes. While the case of North Macedonia and its decades long conflicts with Greece and Bulgaria a
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Corrales, Maria Elena, and Lourdes Alvarez. IDB-9: Evaluation of IDB-9 Commitments for Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010521.

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The objective of this report is to assess the full and effective implementation of the Bank's support to Haiti in the wake of the 2010 earthquake, in fulfillment of the mandates of IDB-9, which included full debt forgiveness, delivery of concessional resources in 2010, and expansion of the Bank's Grant Facility to provide Haiti US$200 million per year for a period of 10 years (2011-2020), subject to annual approval by the Governors. The evaluation confirms that the financial mandates included in IDB-9 have been fulfilled. The Bank wrote off Haiti's debt and transferred resources to the Grant F
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