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Journal articles on the topic 'Subordinate clauses'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Christensen, Marie Herget, Tanya Karoli Christensen, and Torben Juel Jensen. "Foregrounding of subordinate clauses by word order: Psycholinguistic evidence of the function of V>Adv (V2) word order in Danish." Linguistics 58, no. 1 (2020): 245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0040.

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AbstractIn modern Danish, main clauses have the word order X>Verb>Adverb (i. e., V2) whereas subordinate clauses are generally characterized by the “subordinate clause” word order Subject>Adverb>Verb. Spoken Danish has a high frequency of “main clause” word order in subordinate clauses, however, and in the article we argue that this “Main Clause Phenomena” (cf. Aelbrecht et al. 2012) functions as a foregrounding device, signaling that the more important information of the clause complex is to be found in the subordinate clause instead of in its matrix clause.A prediction from the f

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Fauziah, Anisak Syaid, Mustofa Kamal, Djatmika Djatmika, and Sumarlam Sumarlam. "PERBEDAAN ANTARA KLAUSA SUBORDINATIF BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA INGGRIS." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 14, no. 2 (2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v14i2.324.

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The aim of this study was to describe the difference between subordinate in Indonesian and in English viewed from subordinate clause theory from Jim Miller. This study used qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data of this study were written texts containing sentences and clauses in English and Indonesian the corpus of which was selected from academic texts. Data were collected using record. Segmenting immediate constituent was used to analyze the data. The research revealed that Indonesian has neither elliptic conjunction in all relative and adverbial clauses nor non-finite subordinate c

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Wahyu Nugraha, I Komang Sulatra, and Purwati. "SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN ADULTERY NOVEL." SPHOTA: Jurnal Linguistik dan Sastra 12, no. 1 (2020): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/sphota.v12i1.681.

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A subordinate clause (dependent clause) is a clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought. It explains and gives more information to the main clause. There are three major types of subordinate clause such as: Complement Clause, Relative Clause, and Adverbial Clause (Miller, 2002:63). This research is a library research that aims to find out types and functions of subordinate clause found in Adultery. This research uses several theories from expert in other to analyze the problems in this study. The book written by Jim Miller (2002) entitl

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Roll, Mikael, Merle Horne, and Magnus Lindgren. "Activating without Inhibiting: Left-edge Boundary Tones and Syntactic Processing." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 5 (2011): 1170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21430.

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Right-edge boundary tones have earlier been found to restrict syntactic processing by closing a clause for further integration of incoming words. The role of left-edge intonation, however, has received little attention to date. We show that Swedish left-edge boundary tones selectively facilitate the on-line processing of main clauses, the syntactic structure they are associated with. In spoken Swedish, main clauses are produced with a left-edge boundary tone, which is absent in subordinate clauses. Main and subordinate clauses are further distinguished syntactically by word order when containi

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Mas Indrawati, Ni Luh Ketut. "Complementiser and Relativiser in the English Subordinate Clauses." Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture 3, no. 1 (2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ljlc.2017.v03.i01.p01.

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Words combine to form larger units; phrases, clauses, and sentences. The study of the structure of phrases, clauses, and sentences is referred to as syntax. Quirk, et, all (1985:47) distinguishes sentences into two types they are; simple sentences and multiple sentences which cover compound sentences and complex sentences. A simple sentence consists of one independent clause, a multiple clause contains more than one clauses, a compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses, while a complex sentence consists of insubordinate and subordinate clauses.Subordinate clause, in embeddin

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Garnham, Alan, Jane Oakhill, and Kate Cain. "Selective Retention of Information about the Superficial Form of Text: Ellipses With Antecedents in Main and Subordinate Clauses." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 51, no. 1 (1998): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755747.

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Elliptical verb phrases must be interpreted indirectly, using a representation of the surface form of nearby (usually preceding) text. We used this fact to demonstrate the different availability of superficial representations of the two clauses in main-subordinate pairs. The acceptability of a later ellipsis was reduced when it took its meaning from a main clause that was followed by a subordinate clause, as compared with other combinations. In addition, positive acceptability judgements were made more quickly (1) when the antecedent clause was subordinate, rather than main, suggesting that th

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7

Bodnaruk, Elena V. "Actualization of future tense semantics in German subordinate clause." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 17, no. 3 (2019): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2019-17-3-18-31.

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The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the expression of temporal future tense semantics in various types of subordinate clauses of complex sentences, which so far have not received adequate coverage in linguistic literature. Analyzed are utterances with complex sentences containing direct speech, obtained with the random sampling method from the German fictional and publicistic texts. The total volume of the analyzed material makes up 1089 linguistic units with future tense semantics. In spite of dependent character of predication in the subordinate clause, the explication

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Nagaya, Naonori. "Searching for insubordination: An analysis of ləbo in Lamaholot". NUSA 59 (30 вересня 2015): 33–45. https://doi.org/10.15026/86506.

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In this paper, we present a description and analysis of ləbo ‘although’ in Lamaholot of eastern Indonesia, which is a subordinating conjunction that expresses a concessive relation between main and subordinate clauses. Although clause-initial conjunctions are predominant in this SVO language, the conjunction ləbo appears in clause-final position. Interestingly, subordinate clauses headed by ləbo can stand alone without a main clause, conveying the speaker’s irritation or blame toward the hearer or an undesirable event. By providing synchronic evidence of different kinds, this

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9

Rudnitskaya, Elena L. "SUBORDINATE CLAUSE FORMATION IN EVENKI SUBORDINATE CLAUSES WITH ADJECTIVAL PREDICATES." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 4 (22) (2022): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2022-4-053-062.

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Radeva-Gezenchova, Bilyana. "The Use of Subordinate Subject Clauses in Advertising Communication." Journal of Bulgarian Language 71, PRIL (2024): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.71.24.pr.09.

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The article examines subordinate subject clauses introduced with the conjunction да in advertising texts. Attention is paid to what determines the position of the subordinate clause in relation to the main one. The cases where the subordinate clause comes before the main clause are considered, as well as the cases where the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.

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Broccias, Cristiano. "The construal of simultaneity in English with special reference to as-clauses." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 4 (October 25, 2006): 97–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.4.05bro.

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This paper investigates how simultaneity between two events, a main clause event and a subordinate clause event, is coded in English. It focuses on as-clauses but also contrasts them with while-clauses. It argues that as-clauses evoke path events, i.e. events susceptible to change. It also points out that as-clauses define a family resemblance network in that different, though related, variants can be recognised. While-clauses are argued to generally evoke larger and more stable temporal configurations, e.g. properties. The different behaviour of as-clauses and while-clauses is related to the

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Genetti, Carol. "The participial construction of Dolakhā Newar." Studies in Language 29, no. 1 (2005): 35–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.29.1.03gen.

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The terms “(clause) chaining” and “converbal constructions” are used for the classification of similar types of clause linkage. Chaining is generally used for constructions which do not entail subordination, while converbs are defined as subordinate. In Dolakhā Newar adverbial and “participial” clauses are not syntactically distinct, but neither are they subordinate. I propose that the term “converb” be redefined as a clause-linkage strategy that subsumes adverbial clauses and clauses akin to the Dolakhāe “participial”, and that there be no requirement that converbs be either subordinate or ad

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Pajėdienė, Jūratė. "Subordinate clauses of time with conjunctions referring to limito r boundary." Lietuvių kalba, no. 3 (October 25, 2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2009.22876.

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 Subordinate clauses of time with the conjunctions referring to a limit or boundary kol, iki, ligi can express not only relations of a sequence of events/situations or simultaneity, but also highlight duration and indicate efforts put into the performance of the action. Verbs in the main and subordinate clauses can make certain combinations of tense forms. The selection of a subordinate clause structure depends on the modality of the predicate in the main clause. In cases of epistemic modality, main and subordinate clauses are based on verb forms expressed by the same tense. Cases, when

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14

Sihombing, Marino. "Clauses (Types of Clauses: Main & Subordinate Clasuses)." TRANSFORM : Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning 13, no. 2 (2024): 109–21. https://doi.org/10.24114/tj.v13i2.66787.

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This comprehensive study investigates the crucial role of clauses in English sentence structure, primarily focusing on the distinction between independent clauses and dependent clauses. This research explores how these two types of clauses function as essential components in forming sentence structures, facilitating the expression of complex ideas and effective communication. The investigation reveals that independent clauses possess the ability to position alone as thorough sentences, while dependent clauses depend on independent clauses on the context and meaning. The study identifies variou

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15

Jumabay, Uldanay. "Formal and functional approaches to subordination in Kazakh." Orientalia Suecana 72 (December 16, 2023): 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/os.v72.318.

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This paper investigates clausal subordination in Kazakh and its functional and formal properties. Kazakh subordinate clauses manifest typical Turkic nominalization, where the dependent predicate and the first argument (if overtly expressed) differ from those of main clauses. Such differences can be seen in three grammatical aspects: syntax, semantics and prosody. Regarding the semantic-syntactic features, subordinate clauses are morphologically reduced and display various degrees of syntactic downgrading; they can display first argument co-reference and semantic integration with their superord

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Ariffani, Amanda, Irnella Nopriyanti, and Shinta Desti Wulandari. "ANALYZING MAIN AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN THE WEVERSE MAGAZINE." MIMESIS 2, no. 2 (2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/mms.v2i2.4257.

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AbstractReading is activities that always do by EFL students; through reading, students can gain knowledge or get information from text like a printed textbook, E-book, magazine, article, news, and others. However, EFL students must understand what they read and the structural grammar of the text they already read. In grammar, there are term clauses that are divided into five parts: Main clause, Subordinate clause, Noun clause, Adjective clause, and Adverb clause. This article will focus on the main and subordinate clauses applied in the sentence on every Weverse magazine. Weverse itself is an

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17

Rich, Patrick Leslie. "What Is n’t Doing There?: French Expletive Negation in Comparative Clauses." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 1 (May 2, 2010): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.534.

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This paper explores expletive ne in subordinate comparative clauses in French. I limit the discussion to (reduced) clausal comparatives, since expletive negation does not occur in (direct) phrasal comparatives. I show that expletive ne is favored in all comparative clauses, and argue that this provides direct evidence that it is still a part of synchronic French grammar. I propose that French comparatives should be analyzed as A-not-A constructions, and that expletive ne is a formally negative head that is licensed by a truth-value operator. Expletive ne thus functions concordally to mark the

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Jasionytė-Mikučionienė, Erika. "On adverbial clauses in spoken Lithuanian." Lietuvių kalba, no. 15 (December 28, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2020.22443.

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The aim of the paper is to investigate adverbial clauses of time, cause, condition and concession in spontaneous private communication. The study explores semantic relations between the main and subordinate clauses, grammatical features and predominant conjunctions.The data for the research was collected from the morphologically annotated Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian, namely, its sub-corpus of spontaneous private speech which is used at home, at friends’ place, or which is produced by close friends.The analysis of spontaneous private communication shows that the finite adverbial clauses of time

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19

Hansen, Cynthia. "Subordinate and interrogative clause negation in Iquito." Linguistic Typology 22, no. 1 (2018): 119–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0004.

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Abstract This paper describes a specific non-standard negation strategy in Iquito, a moribund Zaparoan language spoken in northern Peruvian Amazonia. This strategy is used in finite subordinate clauses (namely adverbial dependent clauses and relative clauses), as well as information questions, and it utilizes two negative markers: a negative particle which is also found in standard negation, and a verbal affix which does not function as a negator in any other context. Using existing typological characterizations of subordinate clause negation, we see that Iquito exhibits the following attested

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20

KOLEVA-KOSTOVA, KRASILINA. "RHYTHMIC-INTONATIONAL PATTERNS OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES ATTACHED TO COPULAR MAIN CLAUSES." Journal of Bulgarian Language 69, PR (2022): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.69.22.pr.14.

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The paper presents the results of parallel observations on the structurography and the rhythmic-intonational patterns of subordinate clauses attached to copular main clauses in the Bulgarian language. It focuses on complex sentences, whose intonation contours are almost unexplored. One exception is the study of the intonation in com-plex sentences with a subordinate subject clause by Vladislav Marinov. The aim of this paper is to describe the structure of complex-compound sentences by examining a selection from a small corpus of sentences with copular main clauses. Using acoustic analysis prog

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Yatsenko, Polina. "The complication of the syntactical structure of subordinate-coordinate polynome in modern german (on the material of scientific discourse)." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 12, no. 21 (2019): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2019-12-21-242-249.

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This article offers the research of ways of complication of a subordinate-coordinate polynome, an art of complex clauses, which is made of at least three constituents. Each constituent – a clause is a participant of subordinate relations. There are additionally coordinative relations between a pair of subordinate clauses in the sentence. The study is undertaken on the material of the scientific discourse. The analyzed 500 subordinate-coordinate polynomes were chosen from scientific journals of the period from 2015 to 2017. It was discovered, that for two thirds of polynomes it is typical to br

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22

Baten, Kristof, and Gisela Håkansson. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN GERMAN AND SWEDISH AS L2S." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 37, no. 3 (2014): 517–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263114000552.

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In this article, we aim to contribute to the debate about the use of subordination as a measure of language proficiency. We compare two theories of SLA—specifically, processability theory (PT; Pienemann, 1998) and dynamic systems theory (DST; de Bot, Lowie, & Verspoor, 2007)—and, more particularly, how they address the development of subordinate clauses. Whereas DST uses measures from the complexity, accuracy, and fluency research tradition (see Housen & Kuiken, 2009), PT uses the emergence criterion to describe language development. We focus on the development of subordinate clauses a

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Xu, Haoran. "A Corpus-based Study on Concessive Clauses Used in English Writing by Chinese Senior High School Students." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 6, no. 1 (2024): p67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v6n1p67.

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This paper is designed to reveal the characteristics and figure out the errors in Chinese senior high students’ construction of concessive clause. The study uses data from Chinese Learner English Corpus (CLEC) and a collection of concessive clauses from 499 English compositions written by senior two students in a key public high school in Beijing. The result shows that the construction of concessive clauses exhibits certain characteristics: (1) employing a wide range of linking words, “although” being the most frequently used concessive conjunction, which differs from the use of linking words

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Nurhasanah Purba and Mulyadi. "Subordinate Clauses Used in Anak Boru Sanina in Simalungun Wedding Ceremony." Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture 1, no. 1 (2020): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/lakhomi.v1i1.340.

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The aims of this study is to find out subordinative clause in Anak boru sanina utterances in simakungun wedding ceremony. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The result shows that the study is found only adverbial clause while noun clause and relative clause are do not found. The kind of adverbial clause that found are 13 clauses containing of purpose, 9 clauses are containing of manner, 4 clause are containing of causes, 2 clauses are containing of effect, and 2 clauses are containing of condition. The discussion shows that adverbial clause most appear in Anak B

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Immonen, Sini, та Jukka Mäkisalo. "Pauses Reﬂecting the Processing of Syntactic Units in Monolingual Text Production and Translation". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 23, № 44 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v23i44.97266.

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This study explores how the process of translating relates to other types of writing processes by comparing pause lengths preceding syntactic units (words, phrases and clauses) in two types of writing task, a monolingual text production and a translation. It also discusses the grounds for interpreting pause length as a reﬂection of the cognitive demands of the writing process. The data was collected from 18 professional translators using the Translog keystroke logging software (Jakobsen/Schou 1999). Each subject wrote two texts: an expository text in Finnish and a translation from English into

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Ilc, Gašper, and Irena Zovko-Dinković. "Subordinate Unless-Clauses." Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje 45, no. 2 (2019): 473–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.45.2.12.

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The complex subordinator unless (Cr. osim ako; Sl. razen če) introduces subordinate conditional clauses carrying exceptive meaning. It is usually assumed that unless-clauses are akin to (and replaceable by) negative if-conditional clauses, with the choice of one over the other being governed by semantic and pragmatic factors. This paper investigates subordinate unless-clauses in Croatian and Slovenian in comparison to English, primarily with regard to their interpretation, the possibility of expressing hypothetical and factual meanings, and the (non-)occurrence of pleonastic negation. Based on

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Burdaeva, Tatiana Valeryevna. "Evaluation as a metacommunicative tool in scientific and journalistic discourse (based on German complex sentences with causal subordinate clauses)." Philology. Theory & Practice 18, no. 6 (2025): 2276–82. https://doi.org/10.30853/phil20250319.

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The aim of the study is to describe evaluation in the metacommunicative aspect within German scientific and journalistic discourse. The article analyzes complex sentences with causal subordinate clauses, which serve as means of argumentation and justification in expressing cause-and-effect relationships, where various types of evaluation (positive and negative, subjective and objective, rational and emotional) are explicitly conveyed. In complex sentences with causal subordinate clauses, evaluation functions as a secondary layer of meaning alongside the primary meaning and the syntactic relati

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Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė, Laura, and Ingrida Balčiūnienė. "The use of attributive clauses in spoken Lithuanian." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 8 (March 22, 2016): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2016.17506.

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The syntactic features of spoken Lithuanian are still under-researched due to insufficient data bases, limited technologies, and research methodologies. During the last years, the "Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian" (developed at Vytautas Magnus University; 225,000 words; 80 hours of digitalized audio recordings) has been syntactically annotated, and this has enabled complex automatized syntactic analysis. In the present paper, one of the first such studies is presented and its results are discussed. The corpus linguistics methodology has been employed.The paper deals with the frequency and basic ty

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Nogueira, Antônia Fernanda de Souza. "Finitude e a distinção entre nominalização e oração subordinada completiva em Wayoro." Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos 67 (June 2, 2025): e025002. https://doi.org/10.20396/cel.v67i00.8676506.

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This paper focuses on the properties of finiteness in syntactic environments: matrix sentence, (infinitive) subordinate clause, and nominalization. In several languages, there is a morpheme that creates nouns from intransitive and transitive verbs with the meaning of “a place where ‘verb’ happens” or “an instrument for ‘verbing’” (COMRIE; THOMPSON, 2007, p. 340). In the Wayoro language (Tupari subfamily, Tupian), this morpheme is {-p∼-m} ‘nominalizer’. However, we noticed constructions with {-p∼-m} that appear as complement of verbs and that show properties of clauses. Are these complements be

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Conti, Carmen. "Disjunctive clauses with o. o ‘either. or’ in Spanish and clausal cosubordination." Folia Linguistica 52, no. 1 (2018): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2018-0001.

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Abstract This paper examines disjunctive clauses marked with o… o ‘either… or’ in Spanish with a view to demonstrating that, in contrast to conventional analyses, o… o-clauses are actually cosubordinate: o… o-clauses are [+dependent, ‒embedded], they generally share clausal operators and they often denote an episode or a sequence of events showing some sort of continuity in space as well as participants. To this end, this paper will describe subordinate and coordinate clauses in accordance with several tests and will go on to outline the properties of o… o-clauses, focusing in particular on th

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Han, Jeong han, and Myunghee Cha. "A study of the logico-semantic types of Korean nominal clauses and adjective clauses: based on systemic functional linguistics." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 24, no. 1 (2024): 689–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.1.689.

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Objectives In the clause complexing systems of systemic functional linguistics, the logico-semantic types(LSTs) between ‘clause’ and ‘clause’ are realised in different ways in coordinate clauses, subordinate clauses, and em-bedded clauses. The purpose of this paper is to identify the LSTs of Korean nominal clauses and adjective clauses that are distinct form other embedded clauses. Methods SFL's clause complexing system consists of three optinal systems: taxis, LSTs, and repercussions. Among the LSTs of Korean embedded clauses, three are used: [projection], [phenomenon], and [extension].

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TREFFERS-DALLER, JEANINE. "Ambiguity and transfer in bilingual first language acquisition?" Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1, no. 3 (1998): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728998000339.

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Natascha Müller presents a very interesting analysis of the structure of the German subordinate clause in bilingual first language acquisition. The main issue in this paper is to explain the fact that some bilingual children – but not all of them – display non-target language structures in German subordinate clauses. That is, the finite verb does not appear in the final position of the subordinate clause. These non-target structures can in part be explained by transfer, but this cannot be the whole story, because some monolingual children produce these structures as well. Bilingual children, t

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Prabawati, Ni Luh Satya, I. Gusti Bagus Wahyu Nugraha Putra, and I. Wayan Sidha Karya. "THE STUDY OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN CHINA DAILY NEWSPAPER." Journal of Language and Literature 8, no. 2 (2020): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/jll.2020.v8i2.3578.

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Learning about subordinate clause it gives the understandings of the fuller descriptions of the main clause. This study aimed to find out the types of subordinate clause in complex sentences found in China Daily Newspaper. The data was collected through library research. This study used qualitative analysis method to describe and analysis the data found. The theory proposed by Miller (2002) is used to analyze the types of subordinate clause in complex sentences. The data analysis was presented through formal and informal method. Based on the result, there were three types of subordinate clause

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Bacskai-Atkari, Julia. "A komparatív parentetikus tagmondatok bal perifériája." Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 110 (2014): 297–318. https://doi.org/10.15776/nyk.2014.110.16.

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The article provides a theoretical approach towards the syntax of comparative parenthetical clauses in Hungarian, introduced by the complementiser mint ‘as’, examining their relation to comparative subclauses, which are also introduced by mint ‘as/than’. Apart from there being similarities between the two types, considerable differences are expected to arise due to the general observation that while subordinate clauses are syntactically linked to a matrix clause, parenthetical clauses are known to lack such a link to their host clause. Parenthetical clauses establish a one-way relationship tow

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Pajėdienė, Jūratė. "On the semantics of subordinate clauses of time." Lietuvių kalba, no. 2 (December 29, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2008.22892.

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The paper sets out to discuss the correlation between the semantic relationships of de re and de dicto type of subordinate clauses of time and grammatical tense forms of predicates. The de dicto type of subordinate clauses is seen as correlating with the predicate expressed by the present and future tense forms of the verb and the usage of conjunctive words in the most general temporal meaning (kai/kada/kuomet/kol ‘when/while'). The above grammatical features of predicates and lexical preferences of conjunctive words usually determine that the meaning in the clauses of time is intertwined with

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Charnavel, Isabelle. "Non-at-issueness of since-clauses." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 27 (October 23, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v27i0.4127.

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This paper explores the discourse status of English causal clauses introduced by since. Tests for non-at-issueness demonstrate that neither the relation (between the subordinate and the superordinate clause) expressed by since nor the content of the subordinate clause is at-issue. Other diagnostics further show that these two not-at-issue contents triggered by since belong to two different classes of projective content. This can be accounted for by attributing two different sources to their non-at-issueness: the relation expressed by since is not-at-issue for structural reasons, i.e. because s

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Sandman, Erika. "Nominalization in Wutun." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 38, no. 1 (2023): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00103.san.

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Abstract In this paper I discuss the various functions of nominalization in Wutun, a mixed Sinitic language spoken by ca. 4000 people in Qinghai Province, Northwest China. Nominalization in Wutun is expressed by the multi-purpose marker -de (cognate to Standard Mandarin de 的), which functions on both the lexical and clausal levels. Lexical nominalization takes the verb as its domain to derive nouns or adjectives, while clausal nominalization takes the entire clause as its domain and allows the clause to be treated as a noun phrase. Clausal nominalization in Wutun is used to form nominal comple

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Cichosz, Anna. "The Constituent Order ofHwæt-Clauses in Old English Prose." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 30, no. 1 (2018): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542717000046.

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The aim of the present study is to conduct a comprehensive corpus analysis of the constituent order of main declarative clauses with the interjectionhwæt‘what’ in the clause-initial position in Old English prose texts. On the basis of his analysis of Ælfric'sLives of Saintsand Bede'sHistoria Ecclesiastica, Walkden (2013) claims that suchhwæt-clauses pattern with subordinate clauses with respect to their verb position. My study confirms Walkden's basic empirical findings thathwæt-clauses do not behave like typical main clauses as far as their constituent order is concerned. However, there are n

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JUNGE, BIANCA, ANNA L. THEAKSTON, and ELENA V. M. LIEVEN. "Given–new/new–given? Children's sensitivity to the ordering of information in complex sentences." Applied Psycholinguistics 36, no. 3 (2013): 589–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716413000350.

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ABSTRACTEnglish and many other languages allow flexible ordering of main and subordinate clauses in complex sentences. Processing, discourse-pragmatics, and semantics have an impact on the ordering of information. Three-year-olds, 5-year-olds, and adults heard complex sentences containing main and subordinate clauses with differing informational status. Using an act-out method, we analyzed participants’ sensitivity to the ordering of new/given information and its interaction with clause order. All age groups changed the order of information to given–new when exposed to a new–given structure, w

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SARITAŞ, BURCU BAŞOĞLU, and CANKUT SARITAŞ. "TYPOLOGICAL VARIATION IN RELATIVE CLAUSES." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Review 05, no. 03 (2022): 123–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijssmr.2022.5311.

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According to Foley and Hall (2003), relative clauses are subordinate clauses that refer to the noun of the main clause, identifying it, or adding extra information. This research aims to illustrate how languages vary in the relativization strategies they utilize. It also explains the effects of relative clause structure on L2 acquisition and problems for ESL/EFL students. Now let me start with the characteristics of English Relative Clauses first and then gradually explain the other languages’ relative clauses.

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Mansfield, John, and Danielle Barth. "Clause chaining and the utterance phrase: Syntax–prosody mapping in Matukar Panau." Open Linguistics 7, no. 1 (2021): 423–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2021-0023.

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Abstract Clause chaining is a form of syntactic dependency holding between a series of clauses, typically expressing temporal or causal relations between events. Prosodic hierarchy theory proposes that syntactic constituents are systematically mapped to prosodic constituents, but most versions of the theory do not account for clause chain syntax. This article presents original data from Matukar Panau, a clause-chaining Oceanic (Austronesian) language of Papua New Guinea. The clause chain is a syntactic constituent in which final-clause TAM scopes over preceding clauses. There are also other ty

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Shoji, Shinichi. "English Speaker Acquisition of Topic and Subject in Multiple Clause Sentences in Japanese." Studia Orientalia Electronica 8, no. 1 (2020): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.82595.

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This study investigated native English speakers’ acquisition of the constraint for topic-wa and the preference for subject-ga in multiple-clause sentences in Japanese. The constraint for topic-wa is that the topic-wa cannot appear in certain types of subordinate clauses, and the preference for subject-ga is that the overt subject-ga in a subordinate clause should not overlap the topic for a matrix clause. Two sentence-completion experiments were conducted with native English-speaking participants, who were considered advanced-level Japanese learners, as well as native Japanese-speaking partici

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Souesme, Jean-Claude. "Quelques justifications complémentaires concernant l'emploi de that dans les complétives." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 27, no. 1 (1994): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.1994.1287.

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Some Further Remarks Concerning the Use of THAT in Subordinate Clauses Out of context, it is often quite difficult to say whether that has to be used to head subordinate clauses, but the study of our corpus has lead us to notice that it is required when the predicative relation present in the subordinate clause is repeated. Consequently, we can venture to say that whenever that is used, it stands as the marker of a repetition : even when there is no explicit repetition, it nevertheless reveals the speaker's will to show that he now passes a judgement on the content of the subordinate clause, w

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Ribeiro, Eduardo Rivail. "Subordinate clauses in Karajá." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 1, no. 1 (2006): 17–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1981-81222006000100003.

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Karajá, a Macro-Jê language spoken in Central Brazil, presents a typologically uncommon device to signal relativization: stress shift. Despite its productivity, such mechanism is not mentioned in any of the previous descriptive or theoretical works dealing with Karajá grammar. In describing relativization (and subordination in general) in Karajá, this paper presents an overview of the language's grammar, including the semantic properties of postpositions (which play an essencial role in the creation of adverbial clauses, including converbs), lexical nominalization, and inflectional morphology.

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Kirk, John M. "Subordinate Clauses in English." Journal of English Linguistics 25, no. 4 (1997): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007542429702500409.

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Carter, Sam, and Daniel Altshuler. "'Now' with Subordinate Clauses." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 27 (October 11, 2017): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v27i0.4162.

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We investigate a novel use of the English temporal modifier ‘now’, in which it combines with a subordinate clause. We argue for a univocal treatment of the expression, on which the subordinating use is taken as basic and the nonsubordinating uses are morphologically derived. We start by surveying central features of the latter uses which have been discussed in previous work, before introducing key observations regarding the subordinating use of ‘now’ and its relation to deictic and anaphoric uses. All of these data , it is argued, can be accounted for on our proposed analysis. We conclude by c

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Pilashvili, Elene. "Attributive Clause in Georgian Language." Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (March 18, 2022): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns2.2175.

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The given article discusses a complex sentence with an attributive clause in Guram Dochanashvili’s novel “The First Garment”. The attributive clause gives a broad explanation about an antecedent in the main clause and a complemetizer that is related to it. Relative pronoun in the attributive clause agrees with the word (antecedent) in number and is declined according to a predicate in the subordinate clause. Attributive clause is related to a declinable word in main clause, such as noun, pronoun or infinitive. Position of subordinate clause is studied with its subordinators and complementizers

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Sandelin, Minna. "Subjektsegenskaper i förändring: Indefinita subjekt i fornsvenskt lagspråk." Språk och stil NF 28 (2018) (February 3, 2019): 112–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-376237.

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In Old Swedish, the placement of the subject was tied to its function in the information structure of the clause: rhematic subjects, which are semantically indefinite and introduce a new referent to the text, were most often postverbal. The study analyses such subjects in Old Swedish legal language in relation to the order of constituents in the clause, the position of the clause in the text, and the structure of the subject. Three questions are posed: 1. What order of constituents is found in clauses with semantically indefinite subjects? 2. Do these clauses appear in initial, medial, or fina

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IVANOVA, ELENA. "СЪСТОЯНИЕТО КАТО ПРИЧИНА: КОНСТРУКЦИИТЕ С КАКЪВТО И КАКТО С ПРИЧИННО ЗНАЧЕНИЕ / STATE AS A CAUSE: CAUSAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH КАКЪВТО AND КАКТО". Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, № 03 (2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.68.21.03.05.

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Apart from their main function, the Bulgarian constructions with какъвто and както can express causal relations between the situations described in the main clause and the subordinate clause. The paper shows that in the causal use of both constructions the subordinate clause expresses a static feature, serving as a justification of the situation presented in the main clause. In addition, there is a semantic differentiation between the two models: какъвто normally expresses a usual (permanent) feature, while както denotes mostly a temporary (episodic) feature. Observations on the means used by

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Baek, Soondo. "A Corpus-Based Study of Korean EFL Learners’ Use of Subordinate Conjunctions in Argumentative Writing: With Focus on if, when, and because." Institute of British and American Studies 58 (June 30, 2023): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25093/ibas.2023.58.145.

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The use of subordinating conjunctions in L2 writing has been widely studied with regard to frequency of occurrence, grammatical accuracy, and relative ordering of subordinate and main clauses. However, relatively few studies investigated the diverse aspects of the L2 use of subordinating conjunctions within a single study. The present study analyzed three representative subordinating conjunctions, if, when, and because as used in a proficiency-stratified Korean EFL written corpus in terms of their frequency of occurrence, grammatical accuracy, and linear ordering relative to the main clause. T

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