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Journal articles on the topic 'Sustained signal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

García-Ojalvo, J., A. M. Lacasta, F. Sagués, and J. M. Sancho. "Noise-sustained signal propagation." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 50, no. 4 (2000): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2000-00287-1.

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Vardi, Noam, Sonali Chaturvedi, and Leor S. Weinberger. "Feedback-mediated signal conversion promotes viral fitness." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 37 (2018): E8803—E8810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802905115.

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A fundamental signal-processing problem is how biological systems maintain phenotypic states (i.e., canalization) long after degradation of initial catalyst signals. For example, to efficiently replicate, herpesviruses (e.g., human cytomegalovirus, HCMV) rapidly counteract cell-mediated silencing using transactivators packaged in the tegument of the infecting virion particle. However, the activity of these tegument transactivators is inherently transient—they undergo immediate proteolysis but delayed synthesis—and how transient activation sustains lytic viral gene expression despite cell-media

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Roovers, Kristin, Gabriela Davey, Xiaoyun Zhu, Maria Elena Bottazzi та Richard K. Assoian. "α5β1 Integrin Controls Cyclin D1 Expression by Sustaining Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activity in Growth Factor-treated Cells". Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, № 10 (1999): 3197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.10.3197.

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Cyclin D1 expression is jointly regulated by growth factors and cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix in many cell types. Growth factors are thought to regulate cyclin D1 expression because they stimulate sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. However, we show here that growth factors induce transient ERK activity when added to suspended fibroblasts and sustained ERK activity only when added to adherent fibroblasts. Cell attachment to fibronectin or anti-α5β1 integrin is sufficient to sustain the ERK signal and to induce cyclin D1 in growth factor-treated cells. Mo

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4

Iijima, K., L. Lin, A. Nasjletti, and M. S. Goligorsky. "Intracellular ramification of endothelin signal." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 260, no. 5 (1991): C982—C992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.260.5.c982.

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Effects of porcine 1-21 endothelin (ET-1) on [Ca2+]i, [Na+]i, and [Cl-]i and on membrane potential were studied in individual mesangial (MC) and vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) cells using microspectrofluorimetry of fura-2, SBFI, SPQ, and bis-oxonol, respectively. ET-1 increased [Ca2+]i by fivefold, showing an immediate and a sustained phase of response. Ca(2+)-free medium and nifedipine pretreatment significantly curtailed the sustained phase of response to ET-1. These findings were confirmed in studies of vascular ring preparations, demonstrating that Ca2+ influx may account for at least 50% o

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Hitchcock, Edward M., Joel S. Warm, William N. Dember, et al. "Effects of Signal Salience and Cueing on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity during Sustained Attention." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 21 (2000): 3–382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402101.

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Transcranial Doppler sonography*** a low-cost noninvasive procedure which allows continuous monitoring of blood flow in the left and right middle cerebral arteries, was employed while participants performed a 40-min vigil. Two levels of signal salience (high and low) were combined factorially with four conditions in which monitors were forewarned about the imminent arrival of critical signals (100%, 80%, and 40% reliable cueing and a no-cue control). For both levels of signal salience, the frequency of signal detections remained stable over time in the 100% cue-reliability condition but declin

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De Martino, S., C. Godano, and M. Falanga. "Self-sustained oscillator as a model for explosion quakes at Stromboli Volcano." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 9, no. 1 (2002): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-9-31-2002.

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Abstract. We analyze seismic signals produced by explosion-quakes at Stromboli Volcano. We use standard nonlinear procedures to search a low-order effective dynam-ics. The dimension of the reconstructed phase space depends on the number of samples. Namely larger time lengths cor-respond to dynamical systems of different complexity. If we restrict the analysis to the signal associated directly to the source (Chouet et al., 1997), we obtain a phase space dimen-sion equal to two. We reproduce this part of the signal with a simple single self-sustained oscillator.

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Hughes, M. E., T. W. Budd, W. R. Fulham, et al. "Sustained brain activation supporting stop-signal task performance." European Journal of Neuroscience 39, no. 8 (2014): 1363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12497.

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Scerbo, Mark W., Joel S. Warm, and Arthur D. Fisk. "Event asynchrony and signal regularity in sustained attention." Current Psychological Research & Reviews 5, no. 4 (1986): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02686601.

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Retting, Richard A., and Michael A. Greene. "Influence of Traffic Signal Timing on Red-Light Running and Potential Vehicle Conflicts at Urban Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1595, no. 1 (1997): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1595-01.

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Motor vehicle crashes at traffic signals are a major source of injuries and property damage, especially in urban areas. Many crashes result from vehicles entering the intersection after the onset of a red light, a traffic violation that may be affected by the duration of the change interval (the yellow and all-red periods of the traffic signal). The purpose of this study was to examine short-term and sustained effects on red-light compliance and potential vehicle conflicts as a result of an increase in change intervals to values associated with the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) proposed

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10

ROHÁCS, Tibor, György NAGY, and András SPÄT. "Cytoplasmic Ca2+ signalling and reduction of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides in adrenal glomerulosa cells in response to K+, angiotensin II and vasopressin." Biochemical Journal 322, no. 3 (1997): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3220785.

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We have examined the mitochondrial formation of NAD(P)H in rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. A short-term elevation of the K+ concentration from 3.6 to 8.4 mM induced a reversible increase in the formation of reduced pyridine nucleotides. Potassium applied after the addition of rotenone had no further effect, confirming that the redox signal was of mitochondrial origin. Inhibition of aldosterone synthesis by aminoglutethimide in K+-stimulated cells decreased the rate of decay of the NAD(P)H signal upon the termination of stimulation, indicating that the NADPH formed was consumed in aldosterone sy

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Yamasaki, Sho, Eri Ishikawa, Masayuki Kohno та Takashi Saito. "The quantity and duration of FcRγ signals determine mast cell degranulation and survival". Blood 103, № 8 (2004): 3093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-08-2944.

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Abstract Immunoglobulin E (IgE) bound to multivalent antigen (Ag) elicits mast cell degranulation but not survival; on the contrary, IgE in the absence of Ag (IgE(-Ag)) induces survival only but not degranulation. Although these distinct responses are mediated through the same receptor, FcϵRI, the molecular mechanism generating the divergence is largely unknown. We recently showed that the signals through FcRγ chain are essential for IgE(-Ag)–induced mast cell survival as well as IgE(+Ag)–induced degranulation. To determine whether the cellular output is regulated by the quantity of FcRγ signa

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Pérez, Pablo, Gloria Huertas, Alberto Olmo, et al. "Remote Cell Growth Sensing Using Self-Sustained Bio-Oscillations." Sensors 18, no. 8 (2018): 2550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082550.

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A smart sensor system for cell culture real-time supervision is proposed, allowing for a significant reduction in human effort applied to this type of assay. The approach converts the cell culture under test into a suitable “biological” oscillator. The system enables the remote acquisition and management of the “biological” oscillation signals through a secure web interface. The indirectly observed biological properties are cell growth and cell number, which are straightforwardly related to the measured bio-oscillation signal parameters, i.e., frequency and amplitude. The sensor extracts the i

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LIN, BIN, Bhaskar Dutta, Kyu-Seon Oh, and Iain D. C. Fraser. "Discovery of a novel transcriptional regulator of sustained TLR-mediated inflammatory responses." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (2017): 67.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.67.3.

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Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways have been intensively investigated for almost two decades. However, since most studies have focused on the initial signal transduction and transcription events, the mechanisms of late-sustained gene expression are poorly understood. To address this issue, we conducted an RNAi screen for regulators of TLR-induced IL-6 secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages, and identified a novel putative regulator of this process (Hit4). Hit4 was specifically required to sustain the late expression of genes including Il6, Il1a, Nos2 and Lcn2, but did not affect induction o

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Kramer, R. E. "Angiotensin II causes sustained elevations in cytosolic calcium in glomerulosa cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 255, no. 3 (1988): E338—E346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1988.255.3.e338.

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Studies were conducted to examine the effects of angiotensin II on cytosolic free calcium concentration in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells maintained in primary culture. The calcium indicator, fura-2, and discontinuous dual-wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy were used to measure cytosolic free calcium in superfused adherent cell monolayers. Basal cytosolic free calcium concentration was 63.7 +/- 3.3 nM. The threshold concentration for angiotensin II-stimulated increases in cytosolic calcium was 10(-14)-10(-13) M, and maximal elevation of cytosolic calcium was produced by 10(-9) M angiotensi

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Dember, William N., Joel S. Warm, W. Todd Nelson, Karen G. Simons, Peter A. Hancock, and Jonathan P. Gluckman. "The Rate of Gain of Perceived Workload in Sustained Attention." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 19 (1993): 1388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118193784162371.

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Perceived workload was measured via the NASA TLX following a visual vigilance task. Five task durations (10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 min) were combined factorially with two levels of discrimination difficulty (easy, hard) in a between groups design. Detection probability, computed from the final 10 min of watch in each duration condition, varied inversely with signal salience and declined over time. Overall workload varied directly with salience and increased linearly over time. The temporal growth in perceived workload was independent of signal salience. This result suggests that the rate of gain i

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Frolov, Roman V. "Non-inactivating voltage-activated K+ conductances can increase photoreceptor signaling bandwidth beyond the bandwidth set by phototransduction." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (2023): e0289466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289466.

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Evolution produced a large variety of rhabdomeric photoreceptors in the compound eyes of insects. To study effects of morphological and electrophysiological differences on signal generation and modulation, we developed models of the cockroach and blow fly photoreceptors. The cockroach model included wide microvilli, large membrane capacitance and two voltage-activated K+ conductances. The blow fly model included narrow microvilli, small capacitance and two sustained voltage-activated K+ conductances. Our analysis indicated that membrane of even the narrowest microvilli of up to 3 μm long can b

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Sperling, A. I., J. A. Auger, B. D. Ehst, I. C. Rulifson, C. B. Thompson, and J. A. Bluestone. "CD28/B7 interactions deliver a unique signal to naive T cells that regulates cell survival but not early proliferation." Journal of Immunology 157, no. 9 (1996): 3909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.9.3909.

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Abstract CD28/B7 ligation provides costimulatory signals important for the development of T cell responses. In the present study, we examined whether CD28/B7 interactions have a specialized role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and sustained T cell proliferative responses in naive T cell populations using TCR transgenic mice. CD28-mediated signaling was shown to be uniquely capable of regulating cell survival compared with TCR-mediated signaling. Increasing the strength of the TCR-mediated signal 1 increased early proliferative responses, but had no effect on sustained cell survival

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18

Davies, Mark G. "Commentary: Does 9 Months Signal Sustained Results in the Claudicant?" Journal of Endovascular Therapy 20, no. 1 (2013): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1583/12-4010c.1.

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19

Ling, S., and M. Carrasco. "Sustained and transient covert attention: A test for signal enhancement." Journal of Vision 3, no. 9 (2010): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.734.

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20

Gutschalk, Alexander, Matti S. Hämäläinen, and Jennifer R. Melcher. "BOLD Responses in Human Auditory Cortex Are More Closely Related to Transient MEG Responses Than to Sustained Ones." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 4 (2010): 2015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01005.2009.

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Blood oxygen level dependent–functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD–fMRI) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals are both coupled to postsynaptic potentials, although their relationship is incompletely understood. Here, the wide range of BOLD–fMRI and MEG responses produced by auditory cortex was exploited to better understand the BOLD–fMRI/MEG relationship. Measurements of BOLD and MEG responses were made in the same subjects using the same stimuli for both modalities. The stimuli, 24-s sequences of click trains, had duty cycles of 2.5, 25, 72, and 100%. For the 2.5% sequence, the BOL

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YAMAZAKI, TADASHI, and SHIGERU TANAKA. "A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR TRACE CONDITIONING." International Journal of Neural Systems 15, no. 01n02 (2005): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065705000037.

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We studied the dynamics of a neural network that has both recurrent excitatory and random inhibitory connections. Neurons started to become active when a relatively weak transient excitatory signal was presented and the activity was sustained due to the recurrent excitatory connections. The sustained activity stopped when a strong transient signal was presented or when neurons were disinhibited. The random inhibitory connections modulated the activity patterns of neurons so that the patterns evolved without recurrence with time. Hence, a time passage between the onsets of the two transient sig

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22

Parsa, Vijay, and Donald G. Jamieson. "A Comparison of High Precision FO Extraction Algorithms for Sustained Vowels." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 1 (1999): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4201.112.

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Perturbation analysis of sustained vowel waveforms is used routinely in the clinical evaluation of pathological voices and in monitoring patient progress during treatment. Accurate estimation of voice fundamental frequency (FO) is essential for accurate perturbation analysis. Several algorithms have been proposed for fundamental frequency extraction. To be appropriate for clinical use, a key consideration is that an FO extraction algorithm be robust to such extraneous factors as the presence of noise and modulations in voice frequency and amplitude that are commonly associated with the voice p

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Ibitayo, Adenike I., Jeanette Sladick, Sony Tuteja, et al. "HSP27 in signal transduction and association with contractile proteins in smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 277, no. 2 (1999): G445—G454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.2.g445.

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Sustained smooth muscle contraction is mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) through a signal transduction cascade leading to contraction. Heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27) appears to be the link between these two major events, i.e., signal transduction and sustained smooth muscle contraction. We have investigated the involvement of HSP27 in signal transduction and HSP27 association with contractile proteins (e.g., actin, myosin, tropomyosin, and caldesmon) resulting in sustained smooth muscle contraction. We have carried out confocal microscopy to investigate the cellular reorganization and colocali

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Huang, Luxi, Zhen Qi, Shaohua Shi, et al. "Study on the Impact of C-Class Solar Flares on Low-Frequency Signal Propagation and Ionospheric Disturbances." Atmosphere 16, no. 2 (2025): 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020154.

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This work investigates the impact of C-class solar flare events (XRA) on ionospheric and low-frequency signal propagation by analyzing the maximum correlation lag time, correlation, and Granger causality between low-frequency time-code signal strength and XRA. The results show that within the lag interval of (−5, 5) minutes, XRA exhibits the highest correlation and causality with signal strength, supporting the theory of a rapid ionospheric response and early warning to XRA. The correlation coefficient increases significantly with flare intensity, indicating that XRA has both linear and nonlin

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Tilton, Bettina, Liza Ho, Estelle Oberlin, et al. "Signal Transduction by Cxc Chemokine Receptor 4." Journal of Experimental Medicine 192, no. 3 (2000): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.192.3.313.

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We report that stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1 has the remarkable capacity to induce sustained signaling through CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). In contrast to other chemokines, such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (CC chemokine receptor 2 [CCR2]), macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (CCR5), liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC [CCR6]), Epstein-Barr virus–induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine (ELC [CCR7]), and IP10 (CXCR3), SDF-1 stimulates the prolonged activation of protein kinase B and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)-2. Activation of protein kinase B is reversed b

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Liu, Jixin, Jiaofen Nan, Shiwei Xiong, Guoying Li, Wei Qin, and Jie Tian. "Additional Evidence for the Sustained Effect of Acupuncture at the Vision-Related Acupuncture Point, Gb37." Acupuncture in Medicine 31, no. 2 (2013): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2012-010251.

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Objective To investigate the dynamics underlying the sustained effect of acupuncture as a possible explanation of earlier findings that acupuncture stimulation at the vision-related acupuncture point, GB37, cannot specifically change the functional MRI (fMRI) signals of the visual cortex compared with stimulation at an adjacent non-meridian point. Methods The ‘on–off’ experimental design was separated into four series conditions: 1 min of baseline scanning at the beginning, then two stimulation epochs separated by a 50 s ‘rest’ period, and then a 1 min ‘rest’ epoch. The standard General Linear

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Berg, Nancy N., Lawrence G. Puente, Wojciech Dawicki, and Hanne L. Ostergaard. "Sustained TCR Signaling Is Required for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation and Degranulation by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes." Journal of Immunology 161, no. 6 (1998): 2919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.6.2919.

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Abstract Requirements for T cell activation are not fully established. One model is that receptor occupancy and down-regulation are essential for activation, and another, not necessarily mutually exclusive, model is that sustained signals are important. Here we examine the importance of signal duration in T cell activation. First, we demonstrate that immobilized, but not soluble cross-linked, Abs to CD3 stimulate degranulation by CTL. The cross-linked Abs are not deficient in their ability to signal since they stimulate the same tyrosine phosphorylation pattern as immobilized Ab, but it is ver

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Andreadi, Catherine, Catherine Noble, Bipin Patel, et al. "Regulation of MEK/ERK pathway output by subcellular localization of B-Raf." Biochemical Society Transactions 40, no. 1 (2012): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20110621.

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The strength and duration of intracellular signalling pathway activation is a key determinant of the biological outcome of cells in response to extracellular cues. This has been particularly elucidated for the Ras/Raf/MEK [mitogen-activated growth factor/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase]/ERK signalling pathway with a number of studies in fibroblasts showing that sustained ERK signalling is a requirement for S-phase entry, whereas transient ERK signalling does not have this capability. A major unanswered question, however, is how a cell can sustain ERK activation, particularly

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Löcher, M., D. Cigna, and E. R. Hunt. "Noise Sustained Propagation of a Signal in Coupled Bistable Electronic Elements." Physical Review Letters 80, no. 23 (1998): 5212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.80.5212.

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Apollonov, V. V., G. G. Baĭtsur, I. G. Kononov, K. N. Firsov, and V. A. Yamshchikov. "Small-signal gain of CO2lasers pumped by a self-sustained discharge." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 18, no. 3 (1988): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1988v018n03abeh011509.

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Hathout, Gasser M., Konrad A. T. Kirlew, George J. K. So, et al. "MR imaging signal response to sustained stimulation in human visual cortex." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 4, no. 4 (1994): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.1880040405.

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Eliceiri, Brian P., Richard Klemke, Staffan Strömblad та David A. Cheresh. "Integrin αvβ3 Requirement for Sustained Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activity during Angiogenesis". Journal of Cell Biology 140, № 5 (1998): 1255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.140.5.1255.

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Angiogenesis depends on growth factors and vascular cell adhesion events. Integrins and growth factors are capable of activating the ras/MAP kinase pathway in vitro, yet how these signals influence endothelial cells during angiogenesis is unknown. Upon initiation of angiogenesis with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), endothelial cell mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (ERK) activity was detected as early as 5 min yet was sustained for at least 20 h. The initial wave of ERK activity (5–120 min) was refractory to integrin antagonists, whereas

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Lailvaux, Simon P., Rebecca L. Gilbert, and Jessica R. Edwards. "A performance-based cost to honest signalling in male green anole lizards ( Anolis carolinensis )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1739 (2012): 2841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2577.

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Sexual signals are considered costly to produce and maintain under the handicap paradigm, and the reliability of signals is in turn thought to be maintained by these costs. Although previous studies have investigated the costly nature of signal production, few have considered whether honesty might be maintained not by the costliness of the signal itself, but by the costs involved in producing the signalled trait. If such a trait is itself costly to produce, then the burden of energetic investment may fall disproportionately on that trait, in addition to any costs of signal maintenance that may

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Fafilek, Bohumil, Lukas Balek, Michaela Kunova Bosakova, et al. "The inositol phosphatase SHIP2 enables sustained ERK activation downstream of FGF receptors by recruiting Src kinases." Science Signaling 11, no. 548 (2018): eaap8608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aap8608.

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Sustained activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) drives pathologies caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). We previously identified the inositol phosphatase SHIP2 (also known as INPPL1) as an FGFR-interacting protein and a target of the tyrosine kinase activities of FGFR1, FGFR3, and FGFR4. We report that loss of SHIP2 converted FGF-mediated sustained ERK activation into a transient signal and rescued cell phenotypes triggered by pathologic FGFR-ERK signaling. Mutant forms of SHIP2 lacking phosphoinositide phosphatase activity still associated wit

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Yang, Lichuan, and George D. Pollak. "Differential Response Properties to Amplitude Modulated Signals in the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus of the Mustache Bat and the Roles of GABAergic Inhibition." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 1 (1997): 324–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.1.324.

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Yang, Lichuan and George D. Pollak. Differential response properties to amplitude modulated signals in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the mustache bat and the roles of GABAergic inhibition. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 324–340, 1997. We studied the phase-locking of 89 neurons in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) of the mustache bat to sinusoidally amplitude modulated (SAM) signals and the influence that GABAergic inhibition had on their response properties. Response properties were determined with tone bursts at each neuron's best frequency and then with a series of SA

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Kieran, Greer. "BRAIN Journal - A Repeated Signal Difference for Recognising Patterns." BRAIN - Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 7, no. 3 (2016): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1044316.

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ABSTRACT This paper describes a new mechanism that might help with defining pattern sequences, by the fact that it can produce an upper bound on the ensemble value that can persistently oscillate with the actual values produced from each pattern. With every firing event, a node also receives an on/off feedback switch. If the node fires then it sends a feedback result depending on the input signal strength. If the input signal is positive or larger, it can store an ‘on’ switch feedback for the next iteration. If the signal is negative or smaller it can store an ‘off’ switch feedback for the nex

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Marsh, Donald J., Dmitry D. Postnov, Olga V. Sosnovtseva, and Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou. "The nephron-arterial network and its interactions." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 316, no. 5 (2019): F769—F784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00484.2018.

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Tubuloglomerular feedback and the myogenic mechanism form an ensemble in renal afferent arterioles that regulate single-nephron blood flow and glomerular filtration. Each mechanism generates a self-sustained oscillation, the mechanisms interact, and the oscillations synchronize. The synchronization generates a bimodal electrical signal in the arteriolar wall that propagates retrograde to a vascular node, where it meets similar electrical signals from other nephrons. Each signal carries information about the time-dependent behavior of the regulatory ensemble. The converging signals support sync

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Miller, Louis C., Joel S. Warm, William N. Dember, and Donald A. Schumsky. "Sustained Attention and Feature-Integrative Displays." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 22 (1998): 1585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804202211.

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Observers monitored the repetitive presentation of a simulated submarine detection display for occasional targets. Observers were required to integrate information contained in one, two, or three indicators either in a simultaneous (comparative judgment) or successive (absolute judgment) format. Consistent with earlier findings on feature-integration, performance efficiency varied inversely with the number of features which needed to be integrated in signal detection. Unlike previous studies involving unitary discriminations, observers in the simultaneous conditions performed more poorly than

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Gauer, Johannes, Anil Nagathil, Benjamin Lentz, Christiane Völter, and Rainer Martin. "A subjective evaluation of different music preprocessing approaches in cochlear implant listeners." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 2 (2023): 1307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0017249.

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Cochlear implants (CIs) can partially restore speech perception to relatively high levels in listeners with moderate to profound hearing loss. However, for most CI listeners, the perception and enjoyment of music remains notably poor. Since a number of technical and physiological restrictions of current implant designs cannot be easily overcome, a number of preprocessing methods for music signals have been proposed recently. They aim to emphasize the leading voice and rhythmic elements and to reduce their spectral complexity. In this study, CI listeners evaluated five remixing approaches in co

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Hillenbrand, James, and Robert A. Houde. "Acoustic Correlates of Breathy Vocal Quality: Dysphonic Voices and Continuous Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 39, no. 2 (1996): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3902.311.

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In an earlier study, we evaluated the effectiveness of several acoustic measures in predicting breathiness ratings for sustained vowels spoken by nonpathological talkers who were asked to produce nonbreathy, moderately breathy, and very breathy phonation (Hillenbrand, Cleveland, & Erickson, 1994). The purpose of the present study was to extend these results to speakers with laryngeal pathologies and to conduct tests using connected speech in addition to sustained vowels. Breathiness ratings were obtained from a sustained vowel and a 12-word sentence spoken by 20 pathological and 5 nonpatho

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Wolfman, Janice C., Todd Palmby, Channing J. Der, and Alan Wolfman. "Cellular N-Ras Promotes Cell Survival by Downregulation of Jun N-Terminal Protein Kinase and p38." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 5 (2002): 1589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.5.1589-1606.2002.

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ABSTRACT Cellular N-Ras provides a steady-state antiapoptotic signal, at least partially through the regulation of phosphorylated Akt and Bad levels. Fibroblasts lacking c-N-Ras expression are highly sensitive to the induction of apoptosis by a variety of agents. Reduction of pBad and pAkt levels using a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor was not sufficient to sensitize the control cell population to the high level of apoptosis observed in the N-Ras knockout cell lines, suggesting that c-N-Ras provides at least one other antiapoptotic signal. Stimulation of the control cells with apoptoti

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Bornet, Aurélien, Sami Jannin, J. A. (Ton) Ton Ton Konter, Patrick Hautle, Den Brandt Ben Van, and Geoffrey Bodenhausen. "Ultra High-Resolution NMR: Sustained Induction Decays of Long-Lived Coherences." Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 39 (2011): 15644–49. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja2052792.

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International audience ; Long-lived coherences (LLCs) in homonuclear pairs of chemically inequivalent spins can be excited and sustained during protracted radio frequency irradiation periods that alternate with brief windows for signal observation. Fourier transformation of the sustained induction decays recorded in a single scan yields NMR spectra with line-widths in the range 10

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Herrero, Ana, Berta Casar, Paula Colón-Bolea, Lorena Agudo-Ibáñez, and Piero Crespo. "Defined spatiotemporal features of RAS-ERK signals dictate cell fate in MCF-7 mammary epithelial cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 12 (2016): 1958–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-02-0118.

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Signals conveyed through the RAS-ERK pathway are essential for the determination of cell fate. It is well established that signal variability is achieved in the different microenvironments in which signals unfold. It is also known that signal duration is critical for decisions concerning cell commitment. However, it is unclear how RAS-ERK signals integrate time and space in order to elicit a given biological response. To investigate this, we used MCF-7 cells, in which EGF-induced transient ERK activation triggers proliferation, whereas sustained ERK activation in response to heregulin leads to

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Assoum, Hassan Hasan, Jana Hamdi, Mouhammad El Hassan, et al. "Turbulent kinetic energy and self-sustaining tones: Experimental study of a rectangular impinging jet using high Speed 3D tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, no. 1 (2020): 6322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.1.2020.10.0495.

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Impinging jets are widely used in ventilation systems to improve the mixing and diffusion of airflows. When a rectangular jet hits a slotted plate, an acoustic disturbance can be generated and self-sustained tones produced. Few studies have looked at the Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) produced by the aerodynamic field in such configurations and in the presence of self-sustaining tones. The aim of this work is to investigate the energy transfer between the aerodynamic and acoustic fields generated in a rectangular jet impinging on a slotted plate. The present paper methodology is based on exper

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Song, Xiao Mei, Jeffrey W. Ryder, Yuichi Kawano, Alexander V. Chibalin, Anna Krook, and Juleen R. Zierath. "Muscle fiber type specificity in insulin signal transduction." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 6 (1999): R1690—R1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.6.r1690.

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We determined the muscle fiber type-specific response of intracellular signaling proteins to insulin. Epitrochlearis (Epi; 15% type I, 20% type IIa, and 65% type IIb), soleus (84, 16, and 0%), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; 3, 57, and 40%) muscles from Wistar rats were incubated without or with 120 nM insulin (3–40 min). Peak insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine phosphorylation was reached after 6 (soleus) and 20 (Epi and EDL) min, with sustained activity throughout insulin exposure (40 min). Insulin increased insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphotyro

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Ma, Qing, Dan Li, and Jeffrey J. Molldrem. "LFA-1 regulates CD8+ T cell activation through both TCR-mediated and LFA-1-mediated Erk1/2 signal pathways (35.16)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (2009): 35.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.35.16.

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Abstract LFA-1 regulates T cell activation and signal transduction through the immunological synapse. TCR stimulation rapidly activates LFA-1, which provides unique LFA-1-dependent signals to promote T cell activation. However, the detailed molecular pathway and the precise mechanism by which LFA-1 contributes to TCR activation remain unclear. Herein, we report that LFA-1 directly participates in Erk1/2 signaling upon TCR stimulation in CD8+ T cells. The presence of LFA-1, not ligand binding, is required for the TCR-mediated Erk1/2 signal pathway. LFA-1-deficient CD8+ T cells have defects in s

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Rosenbloom, Alyssa B., Marcin Tarczyński, Nora Lam, Ravi S. Kane, Lukasz J. Bugaj та David V. Schaffer. "β-Catenin signaling dynamics regulate cell fate in differentiating neural stem cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, № 46 (2020): 28828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008509117.

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Stem cells undergo differentiation in complex and dynamic environments wherein instructive signals fluctuate on various timescales. Thus, cells must be equipped to properly respond to the timing of signals, for example, to distinguish sustained signaling from transient noise. However, how stem cells respond to dynamic variations in differentiation cues is not well characterized. Here, we use optogenetic activation of β-catenin signaling to probe the dynamic responses of differentiating adult neural stem cells (NSCs). We discover that, while elevated, sustained β-catenin activation sequentially

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Tassi, Ilaria, Marina Cella, Rachel Presti та ін. "NK cell–activating receptors require PKC-θ for sustained signaling, transcriptional activation, and IFN-γ secretion". Blood 112, № 10 (2008): 4109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-02-139527.

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AbstractNatural killer (NK) cell sense virally infected cells and tumor cells through multiple cell surface receptors. Many NK cell–activating receptors signal through immunoreceptor tyrosine–based activation motif (ITAM)–containing adapters, which trigger both cytotoxicy and secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Within the ITAM pathway, distinct signaling intermediates are variably involved in cytotoxicity and/or IFN-γ secretion. In this study, we have evaluated the role of protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) in NK-cell secretion of lytic mediators and IFN-γ. We found that engagement of NK-cell recep

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Wiederkehr, Andreas, Kyu-Sang Park, Olivier Dupont та ін. "Matrix alkalinization: a novel mitochondrial signal for sustained pancreatic β-cell activation". EMBO Journal 28, № 4 (2009): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2008.302.

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Rodems, Steven M., and Deborah H. Spector. "Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activity Is Sustained Early during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection." Journal of Virology 72, no. 11 (1998): 9173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.11.9173-9180.1998.

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ABSTRACT Expression of many early viral genes during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is dependent on cellular transcription factors. Several immediate-early and early viral promoters contain DNA binding sites for cellular factors such as CREB, AP-1, serum response factor, and Elk-1, and these transcription factors can be activated by phosphorylation via the cellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction cascade. To determine if the extracellular signal-regulated MAPKs, ERK1 and ERK2, play a role in transcription factor activation during infection, we tested for ERK

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