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Journal articles on the topic 'Swelling of hydrogels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Popov, Sergey, Nikita Paderin, Elizaveta Chistiakova, et al. "Swelling, Protein Adsorption, and Biocompatibility of Pectin–Chitosan Hydrogels." Gels 10, no. 7 (2024): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10070472.

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The study aims to determine how chitosan impacts pectin hydrogel’s ability to attach peritoneal leukocytes, activate complement, induce hemolysis, and adsorb blood proteins. The hydrogels PEC-Chi0, PEC-Chi25, PEC-Chi50, and PEC-Chi75 were prepared by placing a mixture solution of 4% pectin and 4% chitosan in a ratio of 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 in a solution of 1.0 M CaCl2. Chitosan was found to modify the mechanical properties of pectin–calcium hydrogels, such as hardness and cohesiveness-to-adhesiveness ratio. Chitosan in the pectin–calcium hydrogel caused pH-sensitive swelling in Hanks’ soluti

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2

Monir, Tania Sabnam Binta, Sadia Afroz, Ruhul A. Khan, Muhammed Yusuf Miah, Makoto Takafuji, and Md Ashraful Alam. "pH-Sensitive Hydrogel from Polyethylene Oxide and Acrylic acid by Gamma Radiation." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 2 (2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3020058.

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Hydrogel as a good water absorbent has attracted great research interest. A series of hydrogel based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) and acrylic acid (AAc) was prepared by applying gamma radiation with variation in the concentration of acrylic acid. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the PEO/ AAc hydrogel. The properties of the prepared hydrogels such as gel content, swelling behavior, tensile strength, and pH sensitivity were evaluated. The formation of the hydrogels was confirmed from FTIR spectra. SEM images showed the inner porous

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3

Jiang, Ping, Shaowei Chen, Linda Lv, et al. "Effect of 2-(dimethylamino) Ethyl Methacrylate on Nanostructure and Properties of pH and Temperature Sensitive Cellulose-Based Hydrogels." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 3 (2020): 1799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17341.

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The novel double responsive cellulose/poly 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA) hydrogel was synthesized via in situ free radical polymerization. The results from light transmittance measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical property testing as well as swelling experiments demonstrated that DMAEMA played a significant impact on in hydrogel’s nanostructure.With increasing DMAEMA concentration, the transparency of hydrogels dropped and texture became softer. The incorporation of relatively hard cellulose and increase in crosslink density significantly enhanced 3D net

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4

Xu, Bo, Yuwei Liu, Lanlan Wang, et al. "High-Strength Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Swelling-Resistant and Anti-Dehydration Properties." Polymers 10, no. 9 (2018): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10091025.

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Hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties have potential for use in various fields. However, the swelling of hydrogels under water and the dehydration of hydrogels in air severely limits the practical applications of high-strength hydrogels due to the influence of air and water on the mechanical performance of hydrogels. In this study, we report on a kind of tough and strong nanocomposite hydrogels (NC-G gels) with both swelling-resistant and anti-dehydration properties via in situ free radical copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) in the water-glycerol bi-s

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5

Zhang, Shu Di, Yu Chun Zhai, and Zhen Fang Zhang. "Preparation and Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) Hydrogel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.485.

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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogel has been fabricated using freezing-thawing method. The tensile strengthen and swelling properties were tested. The results show that hydrogels mechanical properties are better, reach to about 0.7 MPa, 15% PVA/10% PVP hydrogel is the best, up to 0.82MPa; swelling properties are better, The loss water rate and swelling percentage of hydro gel have similar change trend in the room temperature; When the swelling equilibrium, 10% PVA hydrogel loss water rate is very rapid, the swelling percentage of 15% PVA hydrogel is relatively rapid; T

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6

Lee, Xiau Yeen, Hwee Wen Fan, and Hui Jing Koh. "Characterization of Electrically Conductive Hydrogels - Polyaniline/Polyacrylamide and Graphene/Polyacrylamide." Materials Science Forum 977 (February 2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.977.59.

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Two types of electrically conductive hydrogels were prepared using polyaniline (PANI), graphene and polyacrylamide (PAA). PANI/PAA hydrogels were prepared using interfacial polymerization method and Graphene/PAA hydrogels were prepared using free radical polymerization method. Several characterization tests were carried out to investigate the properties of conductive hydrogel such as FTIR, electrical conductivity tests, swelling tests and compression tests. Results obtained were compared with non-conductive PAA hydrogels. FTIR indicated synthesis of both conductive hydrogels were succeeded. In

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7

Wu, Hongyi, Nitong Bu, Jie Chen, et al. "Construction of Konjac Glucomannan/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Release." Polymers 14, no. 5 (2022): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050927.

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Konjac glucomannan (KGM) hydrogel has favorable gel-forming abilities, but its insufficient swelling capacity and poor control release characteristics limit its application. Therefore, in this study, oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) was used to improve the properties of KGM hydrogel. The influence of OHA on the structure and properties of KGM hydrogels was evaluated. The results show that the swelling capacity and rheological properties of the composite hydrogels increased with OHA concentration, which might be attributed to the hydrogen bond between the KGM and OHA, resulting in a compact three

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8

Jiang, Yuchen, Guihua Li, Chenyu Yang, Fangong Kong, and Zaiwu Yuan. "Multiresponsive Cellulose Nanocrystal Cross-Linked Copolymer Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of Dyes and Drugs." Polymers 13, no. 8 (2021): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081219.

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Multiresponsive hydrogels have attracted tremendous interest due to their promising applications in tissue engineering, wearable devices, and flexible electronics. In this work, we report a multiresponsive upper critical solution temperature (UCST) composite hydrogel based on poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), PAAc-co-PAAm, sequentially cross-linked by acid-hydrolysis cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations demonstrated that the hydrogels are formed by densely cross-linked porous structures. The PAAc/PAAm/CNC hybrid hydrogels exhibit swelling and shrinkin

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9

Zhang, Chen, Yuhong Qi, and Zhanping Zhang. "Swelling Behaviour of Polystyrene Microsphere Enhanced PEG-Based Hydrogels in Seawater and Evolution Mechanism of Their Three-Dimensional Network Microstructure." Materials 15, no. 14 (2022): 4959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144959.

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To understand the microstructure evolution of hydrogels swollen in seawater, freeze-drying technology was used to fix and preserve the swollen three-dimensional microstructure. By this method, we revealed the swelling behavior of hydrogels in seawater, and elucidated the mechanism of the swelling process. Meanwhile, we also used Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; laser confocal microscopy; field emission scanning electron microscopy, and swelling performance tests to research the structure and properties of PS-PEG hydrogels, before and after seawater swelling, and analyzed the structure

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10

Budianto, Emil, and Annissa Amalia. "Swelling behavior and mechanical properties of Chitosan-Poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone) hydrogels." Journal of Polymer Engineering 40, no. 7 (2020): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0169.

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AbstractIn this research, three modified chitosan-based hydrogels are synthesized, i.e., a crosslinked chitosan hydrogel and semi- and fully-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) chitosan hydrogels fabricated using poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone). A non-modified chitosan hydrogel was also synthesized as a control. These samples were compared regarding their swelling behavior and mechanical properties. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis and microscopy observations. The effect of crosslinking on the swelling capacity and on the swelling kinetics were evalua

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11

Xiao, Yu Liang, Cheng Cai Xia, Gui Yun Duan, and Xiao Dong Zhao. "Preparation and Characterization of Thermo-Sensitive Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose/Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 773–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.773.

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The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Thermo-sensitive hydrogels based on linear HPMC and cross-linked PNIPAAm were prepared by the semi-IPN technique. The interior morphology of hydrogels was investigated by fluorescent microscope. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The thermo-sensitivity, equilibrium swelling rate and swelling dynamics of these hydrogels were investigated. The chemical compositions and structures of the semi-hydrogels were similar to each other, as measured by FTIR. The results indicated that the swell

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12

Mun, Grigoriy A., Galiya Azhgozhinova, Erengaip M. Shaikhutdinov, Konstantin S. Kazanskii, and Marina Lagutina. "Effect of Electric Field on the Swelling Behavior of Cross-linked Copolymers of Poly(ethylene oxide) Bis-macromonomers with Methacrylic Acid." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 10, no. 1 (2008): 37–40. https://doi.org/10.18321/ectj405.

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The hydrogels capable to interpolymer complex formation have been synthesized by direct radical copolymerization of methacrylic acid with poly(ethylene oxide) bis-macromonomer bearing methacrylate terminal groups. The swelling behavior of these hydrogels in electric field has been studied. The hydrogels were shown to undergo contraction or additional swelling depending on solution pH. In weakly acidic region (pH 5.1) the contraction of the network was observed. In these conditions the swelling behavior of the hydrogel is affected by the complex formation between unionized carboxylic groups and

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13

Safaraliyeva, S., D. Taghiyev, and N. Zeynalov. "Exploring Swelling Behaviour of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels in Diverse Environmental Conditions." Asian Journal of Chemistry 36, no. 5 (2024): 1067–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31293.

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Hydrogels, versatile materials with diverse applications in biomedicine and beyond, have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties. Among these, chitosan-based hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties. The hydrogels were synthesized through cross-linking of chitosan graft copolymers with N-vinylpyrrolidone and other vinyl monomers, as well as through thermal methods in situ. The impact of cross-linking agent concentration on gel fraction yield and cross-linking efficiency was examined. The

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14

Li, Xiao Qi, Nai Yan Zhang, and Jun Hai Zhang. "Preparation and Swelling Dynamics Characterization of Poly(N, N-Diethylacrylamide-Co-Itaconic Acid) Intelligent Hydrogels." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3382.

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Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) hydrogel is known for their intelligent reversible swelling/deswelling behavior in response to temperature changes across a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at around 31oC. In this study, itaconic acid (IA) was co-polymerized with N, N-diethylacrylamide (DEA) monomer to improve the swelling behavior and the total absorbing water. These copolymer hydrogels were prepared by changing the initial DEA/IA molar ratio and total monomer concentration. The chemical structure of hydrogels was characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In

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15

Mohamed, Bebe Norlita, Suk Fun Chin, and Mohd Effendi Wasli. "Effects of Plasticiser on the Morphology and Swelling Properties of Cellulose-based Hydrogels Derived from Wastepaper." Journal of Physical Science 34, no. 3 (2023): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jps2023.34.3.4.

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Cellulose was successfully extracted from wastepaper with a pre-treatment using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The cellulose was then used to fabricate two types of hydrogels: cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose/CMC/glycerol. Epichlorohydrin, an ECH solution was used as a cross-linker for the fabrication of both types of hydrogels. NaOH/urea/ultrapure water (NU) solutions were used to dissolve all the materials needed for the formation of hydrogels. The attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) showed the

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16

Zhu, Xiu Fang, Wei Zhou, Hong Xia Zhang, and Yu Jing Nie. "Study on the Swelling and Deswelling of the PH / Thermosensitive Hydrogel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1.

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From the point of view of molecule design, pH/temperature responsive hydrogels were prepared based on the acrylic acid with the excellent pH sensitivity and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) with the excellent temperature sensitivity by the traditional radical polymerization. Study focus on the swelling of the hydrogels, measurement of the swelling and deswelling under different ionic strength with various temperatures of the hydrogels were performed in our work. The results show that the ionic strength, the pH value and temperature are three key factors that affect the LCST of the hydrogel. In the

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17

Tamahkar Irmak, Emel, Bengi Özkahraman, Gülşen Bayrak, Işık Perçin Demirçelik, Zeynep Ciğeroğlu, and Filiz Boran. "Polyvinylalcohol/Polyethyleneimine Hydrogels: Evaluation of Swelling, Dehydration and Antibacterial Activity." Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering 11, no. 4 (2024): 181–89. https://doi.org/10.17350/hjse19030000345.

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In the present study, Polyvinylalcohol/polyethyleneimine (PVA/PEI) hydrogels designed with different Glutaraldehyde (Glu) amount, PEI amount and PVA concentration were synthesized via solvent casting technique. The fabricated PVA/PEI hydrogels with different compositions were evaluated for swelling rate, dehydration properties and antibacterial activity to determine superior combination. The swelling tests were performed for 0-300 min at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. All of the prepared PVA/PEI hydrogels swelling ratio were observed in the range of 221-321%. The highest dehydration rate was found for the

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18

Ajvazi, Njomza, Ingrid Milošev, Nataša Čelan Korošin, Peter Rodič, and Bojan Božić. "Enhancing Cross-Linking Efficiency in Gelatin-Based Hydrogels via Incorporation of Tannic Acid, Pluronic F-127, and Phytic Acid." Polymers 17, no. 10 (2025): 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17101372.

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This study enhanced the gelatin-based hydrogel formulation by incorporating tannic acid, triblock copolymer Pluronic F-127, and phytic acid to improve its physicochemical properties. The swelling behaviour of these hydrogels was evaluated in phosphate buffer solution at selected pH levels. Morphological and thermal properties of the investigated hydrogels were analysed using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to investigate the chemical structure of

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19

Erfkamp, Jan, Margarita Guenther, and Gerald Gerlach. "Piezoresistive Hydrogel-Based Sensors for the Detection of Ammonia." Sensors 19, no. 4 (2019): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040971.

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Ammonia is an essential key compound in the chemical industry. However, excessively high ammonia concentrations can be harmful to the environment. Sensors for the detection of ammonia are therefore particularly important for environmental analysis. In this article, a novel hydrogel-based piezoresistive ammonia sensor is presented. In aqueous solution, ammonia reacts as a base. This alkaline pH change can be detected with stimuli-sensitive hydrogels. For such an application, highly sensitive hydrogels in the alkaline range with sufficient mechanical stability for the sensor application has to b

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20

Lopes, Pompilia Mioara Purcea, Dumitriţa Moldovan, Radu Fechete, et al. "Swelling and Antimicrobial Activity Characterization of a GO-Reinforced Gelatin—Whey Hydrogel." Gels 9, no. 1 (2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9010018.

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Whey-based hydrogel samples with increasing concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) were studied, against a control sample (M), for swelling behavior in light of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mathematical models of the diffusion process and for antibacterial activity. Graphene oxide (GO) is an optimal filler for whey-based hydrogels, giving them improved mechanical and swelling properties at low concentrations. Crosslinking induces a certain stiffness of the hydrogels, which is why only the first part of the swelling process (<60%) follows the first-order model, while during the whole

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21

Laksono, Hendrawan, Mersi Kurniati, Yessie Widya Sari, and Christina Winarti. "The Effect of Variation of Raw Material Ratio on Hydrogel Based on K-Carrageean - Acrylamide as a Carrier of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer." Reaktor 21, no. 3 (2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.21.3.103-108.

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Hydrogels based on natural polymers such as carrageenan are currently being developed to improve efficiency in agriculture. By enriching hydrogels with fertilizers, they will be released slowly into the soil. Enrichment of fertilizers on carrageenan-based hydrogels was carried out and analyzed with the response of swelling ability, gel fraction value of grafting degree, to the hydrogel's ability to release the fertilizer trapped in it. Carrageenan is used because its use as a natural polymer has not been widely explored, especially in the non-food sector. The results showed that the average sw

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22

Chang, Y. J., Q. Zhou, W. H. Hou, et al. "Design and Preparation of Magnetism-Driven Intelligent Hydrogel Actuators." International Polymer Processing 36, no. 2 (2021): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-3904.

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Abstract Novel kinds of magnetism-driven poly N,N-dimethylacrylamide bilayer intelligent hydrogels with various nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) contents were prepared successfully via one-step insitu free radical polymerization. The bilayer hydrogels possessed high mechanical strength, efficient swelling and steady magnetic response. With the increase of nanofibrillated cellulose content, the crosslinking density of the hydrogels increased, leading to the decrease of swelling rate and increase of mechanical strength and swelling bending degree of hydrogel actuators, respectively. Fe3O4 particl

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Im, Wanhee, Shin Young Park, Sooim Goo, et al. "Incorporation of CNF with Different Charge Property into PVP Hydrogel and Its Characteristics." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (2021): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020426.

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Cellulose nanofibril (CNF)-added polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogels were prepared using different types of CNFs and their properties were investigated. CNFs with different morphology and surface charge properties were prepared through quaternization and carboxymethylation pretreatments. The quaternized CNF exhibited the narrow and uniform width, and higher viscoelastic property compared to untreated and carboxymethylated CNF. When CNF was incorporated to PVP hydrogel, gel contents of all hydrogels were similar, irrespective of CNF addition quantity or CNF type. However, the absorptivity of t

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24

Guancha-Chalapud, Marcelo A., Liliana Serna-Cock, and Diego F. Tirado. "Aloe vera Rind Valorization to Improve the Swelling Capacity of Commercial Acrylic Hydrogels." Fibers 10, no. 9 (2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10090073.

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Acrylic hydrogels have been used in agriculture to increase the availability of water in the soil; cause faster plant growth and increase plant survival to water stress; allow controlled release of fertilizers; and, therefore, increase crop yields. On the other hand, Aloe vera gel production generates a large amount of solid waste as cuticles, which is currently underutilized despite that it is a good source of cellulose nanofibers that could be used to improve the swelling capacity of commercial acrylic hydrogels. In this work, both morphology (SEM) and particle size (TEM) of the cellulose na

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25

Kwiecień, Iwona, Daria Niewolik, Anabel Itohowo Ekere, Abhishek Gupta та Izabela Radecka. "Synthesis of Hydrogels Made of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid (γ-PGA) for Potential Applications as Probiotic-Delivery Vehicles". Applied Sciences 10, № 8 (2020): 2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082787.

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Numerous hydrogels made of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and various cross-linkers have been explored, but only limited data on hydrogels made of γ-PGA and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are available. In this study, γ-PGA, a biodegradable and edible biopolyamide, was successfully cross-linked with selected PEGs to obtain a series of hydrogels. The swelling behaviour of these hydrogels was investigated under various pH conditions. It was also found that the structure of the cross-linker (linear or branched) affected the hydrogels’ swelling behaviour. In addition, in disc diffusion assay, hydrogel

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26

R, Princy Sowmya, Harini S, Nikila S, and Guhanathan S. "Investigation on Effect of 3-Trimethoxysilyl Propyl Methacrylate based Nano-ZnO/CTF Nanocomposite Hydrogel- Synthesis and Characterization." NanoNEXT 6, no. 1 (2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.54392/nnxt2511.

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A groundbreaking method has been developed for the preparation of CTF (citric acid, triethanolamine, and 2-furoic acid) hydrogel that promises significant advancements in material science. By reacting CTF hydrogel with nano-zinc oxide and 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate to create a nanocomposite. The hydrogel’s properties, meticulously monitored through swelling behavior assessment (a broad pH range from 2.0 to 11.0), strikingly, the swelling percentage was highest in a neutral medium (pH 7.0), outperforming both alkaline and acidic environments. This innovative approach paves the way fo

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27

Yu, Yueqin, Yanshun Li, Chunjing Zhu, and Lingxiu Liu. "Synthesis and characterization of temperature-sensitive and biodegradable hydrogel based on N-isopropylacrylamide." Open Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2010): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0144-6.

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AbstractBased on a biodegradable cross-linker, N-maleyl chitosan (N-MACH), a series of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) [P(NIPAAm-co-Am)] hydrogels were prepared, and their lower critical solution temperature (LCST), swelling kinetics, equilibrium swelling ratio in NaCl solution, and enzymatic degradation behavior in simulated gastric fluids (SGF) were discussed. The LCST did not change with different cross-linker contents. By altering the NIPAAm/Am molar ratio of P(NIPAAm-co-Am) hydrogels, the LCST could be increased to 39°C. The LCST of the

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28

Dumitriu, Raluca Petronela, Ana Maria Oprea, and Cornelia Vasile. "Kinetics of Swelling and Drug Release from PNIPAAm/Alginate Stimuli Responsive Hydrogels." Solid State Phenomena 154 (April 2009): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.154.17.

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Stimuli responsive hydrogels are very attractive for applications in sustained and/or targeted drug delivery systems. As the release of drugs is related to the swelling behavior of hydrogels, the swelling kinetic studies become of great importance to appreciate the release kinetics from hydrogel matrices. Hydrogels with high performance properties have been prepared from N-isopropylacryl amide (NIPAAm) and sodium alginate, crosslinked with N,N`-methylene-bis-(acrylamide) (MBAAm). This study is focused on the investigation of swelling and drug release kinetics, coupled by morphological studies.

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Abd El-Hady, M. M., and S. El-Sayed Saeed. "Antibacterial Properties and pH Sensitive Swelling of Insitu Formed Silver-Curcumin Nanocomposite Based Chitosan Hydrogel." Polymers 12, no. 11 (2020): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112451.

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A simple method was used to prepare curcumin/silver nanocomposite based chitosan hydrogel. In an alkaline medium, chitosan and chitosan nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared using the physical crosslinking method. The prepared hydrogels were stable for a long period at room temperature. In one step, silver nanoparticles were prepared insitu using silver nitrate solution and curcumin oxide within the hydrogel network formation. In the meantime, curcumin compound served as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The structure and surface morphology of nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by

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Sitorus, Andika Steven, Maya Sarah, and Hamidah Harahap. "Swelling kinetics of CNC-g-poly (acrylamide-co-graphene oxide) hydrogels at various GO mass." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1445, no. 1 (2025): 012052. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1445/1/012052.

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Abstract Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is a cellulose derivative in the form of crystalline rods with high biodegradability, mechanical strength, flexibility, ease of modification, and biocompatibility. The performance of CNC as an adsorbent can be elevated by grafting copolymerization using graphene oxide (GO). This study assesses the capacity and swelling kinetics of CNC-g-poly(acrylamide-co-graphene oxide) hydrogels at various GO masses. CNC-g-poly(acrylamide-co-graphene oxide) hydrogels were synthesized using CNC derived from sugarcane bagasse, then functionalized with acrylic acid (AA), acr

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Kamada, Rui, Hiromitsu Miyazaki, Jose Isagani B. Janairo, Yoshiro Chuman, and Kazuyasu Sakaguchi. "Bilayer Hydrogel Composed of Elastin-Mimetic Polypeptides as a Bio-Actuator with Bidirectional and Reversible Bending Behaviors." Molecules 28, no. 13 (2023): 5274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135274.

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Biologically derived hydrogels have attracted attention as promising polymers for use in biomedical applications because of their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. Elastin-mimetic polypeptides (EMPs), which contain a repeated amino acid sequence derived from the hydrophobic domain of tropoelastin, exhibit reversible phase transition behavior, and thus, represent an interesting starting point for the development of biologically derived hydrogels. In this study, we succeeded in developing functional EMP-conjugated hydrogels that displayed temperature-responsive swelling/

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Kang, Eui-Chul, Na-Young Hong, Kee-Hoon Kim, Chun-Hag Jang, Ki-Won Song, and Jang-Oo Lee. "Phase Transition Behavior of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,Ndimethylaminopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 4, no. 2 (2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj523.

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The copolymer hydrogel of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and N,N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide (DMAPAA) was synthesized by free radical copolymerization. The phase transition behavior of p(NIPAAmco-DMAPAA) hydrogels as a function of temperature and SDS concentration was studied. The p(NIPAAmco-DMAPAA) hydrogels exhibited larger swelling capacity than the homo p(NIPAAm) hydrogel. The phase transition temperature of p(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAA) hydrogels increased with an increase of DMAPAA content. In aqueous SDS solution, the swelling capacity of p(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAA) hydrogel decreased with an increase

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Jayaramudu, Tippabattini, Hyun-U. Ko, Hyun Chan Kim, Jung Woong Kim, and Jaehwan Kim. "Swelling Behavior of Polyacrylamide–Cellulose Nanocrystal Hydrogels: Swelling Kinetics, Temperature, and pH Effects." Materials 12, no. 13 (2019): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132080.

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This paper reports swelling behavior of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based polyacrylamide hydrogels prepared by a radical polymerization. The CNC acts as a nanofiller through the formation of complexation and intermolecular interaction. FTIR spectroscopy and XRD studies confirmed the formation of intermolecular bonds between the acrylamide and hydroxyl groups of CNC. The swelling ratio and water retention were studied in de-ionized (DI) water at room temperature, and the temperature effect on the swelling ratio was investigated. Further, the pH effect on the swelling ratio was studied with diff

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Kowalski, Grzegorz, Karolina Kijowska, Mariusz Witczak, Łukasz Kuterasiński, and Marcin Łukasiewicz. "Synthesis and Effect of Structure on Swelling Properties of Hydrogels Based on High Methylated Pectin and Acrylic Polymers." Polymers 11, no. 1 (2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010114.

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The aim of the research was to develop new pectin-based hydrogels with excellent swelling properties. Superabsorbent hydrogels composed of high methylated pectin and partially neutralized poly(acrylic acid) was obtained by free radical polymerization in aqueous solution in the presence of crosslinking agent—N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide. The effect of crosslinker content and pectin to acrylic acid ratio on the swelling properties of hydrogels was investigated. In addition, the thermodynamic characteristic of hydrogels was obtained by DSC. Furthermore, the structure of pectin-based hydrogels was

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Akalin, Gulen Oytun, and Mehlika Pulat. "Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel Beads." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9676949.

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A series of nanoporous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) hydrogel beads were prepared using FeCl3 ionic crosslinker by changing polymer and crosslinker percentages (%). Characteristics of the hydrogels were investigated by gel content, swelling test, degradation test, Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM/EDX), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Swelling experiments were studied by changing time, temperature, and pH. The swelling percentage (S%) regularly decreased with increasing the amounts

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Angar, Nour-Elhouda, and Djamel Aliouche. "Deswelling of Hydrogels in Aqueous and Polyethylene Glycol Solutions. A New Approach for Drug Delivery Application." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 62, no. 2 (2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.11132.

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To enhance the properties of pure poly(acrylamide) hydrogel, diprotic maleic acid co-monomer was included into the reaction mixture during hydrogel synthesis. These hydrogels have been shown important swelling in distilled water and deswelling in acidic solution. In present work, we based on these considerations to study the deswelling behaviour of poly(acrylamide-co-maleic acid) hydrogels in different media (air, polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200), acidic solution). Hydrogels of poly(acrylamide) and its copolymers with maleic acid were prepared by copolymerization and chemical crosslinking with

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Thippeswamy, Madhusudana, Mamatha Ganjeenahalli Puttagiddappa, Demappa Thippaiah, and Nayak Devappa Satyanarayan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(acrylamide) Hydrogels as pH and Salt Sensitive Material." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 5 (2021): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23124.

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This work reports the synthesis of poly(acrylamide) hydrogel and its characterization. Hydrogel will be synthesized by a chemical cross-linking method using sodium metabisulfite and potassium persulphate as initiators with crosslinker methylenebisacrylamide. The synthesized hydrogels were examined by FT-IR, SEM and TGA to determine chemical interactions in the polymer network. Moreover, the swelling study explains that hydrogels swelling capacity and it depends on the concentration of the crosslinking agent. The pH, temperature and salt solutions will impact on swelling properties. In acid and

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Sultana, Salma, Kumkum Habib, M. Rabiul Islam, Nirmal Chandra Dafader, M. Emdadul Haque, and AFM Mustafizur Rahman. "Study on the Swelling Behavior of Gamma Radiation Induced Acrylamide/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Blend Hydrogel in Urea Solution." Dhaka University Journal of Science 64, no. 2 (2016): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v64i2.54483.

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Swelling behaviors of crosslinked acrylamide (AAm)/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) blend hydrogels synthesized using gammaradiation from Co-60 source in aqueous solutions of urea were investigated. The parameters like effect of radiation dose and concentration of CMC in AAm/CMC blend were studied on swelling properties. Swelling experiments were performed in various concentrations of urea solution and distilled water at room temperature. The swelling properties of hydrogels increased with increased concentration of CMC but it decreased with increased radiation dose. Hydrogels showed

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Saud Hashmi, Saud Hashmi, Saad Nadeem Saad Nadeem, Zahoor Awan Zahoor Awan, Adeel ur Rehman Adeel ur Rehman, and Ahsan Abdul Ghani Ahsan Abdul Ghani. "Synthesis, Applications and Swelling Properties of Poly (Sodium Acrylate-Coacrylamide) Based Superabsorbent Hydrogels." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 4 (2019): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000784/jcsp/41.04.2019.

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Superabsorbent hydrogels constitute a group of polymeric materials with three-dimensional network structure, which can swell to absorb an enormous amount of water or aqueous solutions. This property enables various commercial applications of hydrogels such as water holding capability in agriculture and superabsorbent material for baby diapers. Several novel superabsorbent hydrogels based on acrylic acid-co-acrylamide copolymers were synthesized under variation of copolymer compositions through free radical polymerization. N,N’methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was used as a water soluble crosslinker

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Li, Wang, Li, et al. "A Novel pH- and Salt-Responsive N-Succinyl-Chitosan Hydrogel via a One-Step Hydrothermal Process." Molecules 24, no. 23 (2019): 4211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234211.

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In this study, we synthesized a series of pH-sensitive and salt-sensitive N-succinyl-chitosan hydrogels with N-succinyl-chitosan (NSCS) and the crosslinker glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) via a one-step hydrothermal process. The structure and morphology analysis of the NSCS and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-N-succinyl chitosan hydrogel (GNCH) revealed the close relation between the swelling behavior of hydrogels and the content of crosslinker GPTMS. The high GPTMS content could weaken the swelling capacity of hydrogels and improve their mechanical properties. The hydrogels show high

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Kaçoğlu, H. Songül, Özgür Ceylan, and Mithat Çelebi. "Swelling and re-swelling performance of glutaraldehyde crosslinked wet chitosan hydrogels." Journal of Innovative Engineering and Natural Science 5, no. 1 (2024): 29–42. https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1484566.

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Chitosan (Chi) is frequently used in hydrogels because of its natural characteristics. It is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and does not include any harmful substances. Chitosan hydrogels were chemically synthesized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (GA) at various ratios ranging from 1% to 10% (w/w), employing two types of molecular weight chitosan. The degree of swelling of wet hydrogels (non-drying) was examined at pH 2.0, 5.6, and 7.4. After the swollen hydrogels dried, their re-swelling capabilities were examined in distilled water. Chemically cross-linked chitosan hydrogels

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Shin, Sunggyu, Sangjin Kim, Sukhyeon Hong, Namhyun Kim, Juhwan Kang, and Jaehyun Jeong. "Tuning the Swelling Behavior of Superabsorbent Hydrogels with a Branched Poly(aspartic acid) Crosslinker." Gels 11, no. 3 (2025): 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11030161.

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Superabsorbent hydrogels used in products like diapers, hygiene items, and medical patches depend on their swelling ratio. However, improving the swelling performance across hydrogel assemblies remains challenging. This study identifies a decline in the water absorption capacity in hydrogel assemblies with high swelling ratios, as confirmed through MRI analysis, and introduces a solution using a branched crosslinker to address this issue. The branched crosslinker was synthesized by grafting acrylate groups onto poly(aspartic acid)s. This branched poly(aspartic acid) crosslinker was incorporate

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Günter, Elena, Oxana Popeyko, and Sergey Popov. "Ca-Alginate Hydrogel with Immobilized Callus Cells as a New Delivery System of Grape Seed Extract." Gels 9, no. 3 (2023): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9030256.

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The development of new delivery systems for polyphenols is necessary to maintain their antioxidant activity and targeted delivery. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain alginate hydrogels with immobilized callus cells, in order to study the interaction between the physicochemical properties of hydrogels, texture, swelling behaviour, and grape seed extract (GSE) release in vitro. The inclusion of duckweed (LMC) and campion (SVC) callus cells in hydrogels led to a decrease in their porosity, gel strength, adhesiveness, and thermal stability, and an increase in the encapsulation efficie

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Panyakaew, N., C. Thongpin та S. Hemsri. "Preparation and Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose / β-Cyclodextrin Hydrogel". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1280, № 1 (2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1280/1/012015.

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Abstract Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based hydrogels provide superabsorbent properties but show low mechanical properties. In order to overcome this problem, β-cyclodextrin (CD) is added to improve the mechanical strength of hydrogels. Moreover, CD-containing hydrogels have the potential to encapsulate antimicrobial essential oils or drugs and give a sustained release for medical applications to treat a variety of bacterial infectious diseases causing destruction to human health. In this work, the CMC/CD hydrogels were prepared by using epichlorohydrin as a chemical crosslinking agent. The o

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Erizal, Erizal, and Rahayu C. Rahayu C. "THERMO-RESPONSIVE HYDROGEL OF POLI VINYL ALCOHOL (PVA) - CO- N- ISOPROPYL ACRYLAMIDE (NIPAAM) PREPARED BY – RADIATION AS A MATRIX PUMPING/ON-OFF SYSTEM." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2010): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21559.

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Interpenetrating networks (IPN) crosslinked polymer of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing copolymer N-isopropylacryalmide (NIPAAm) were fabricated by radiation technique and characterized in terms of their aqueous swelling and critical behaviour. The influence of irradiation dose (> 10 kGy) and PVA concentration (5-15%wt ) on the gel fraction and swelling properties were investigated. With an increase of -γ irradiation dosage, the gel fraction of hydrogels was inclined to increase but the swelling behaviour decreased markedly. The incorporation of PVA into NIPAAm by irradiation led a signif

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Sabbagh, Farzaneh, Khadijeh Kiarostami, Nadia Mahmoudi Khatir, Shahabaldin Rezania та Ida Idayu Muhamad. "Green Synthesis of Mg0.99 Zn0.01O Nanoparticles for the Fabrication of κ-Carrageenan/NaCMC Hydrogel in order to Deliver Catechin". Polymers 12, № 4 (2020): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040861.

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Currently, the role of the nanoparticles in the structure of the composites and their benefits for the health of the body is valuable. In this study, the effects of the doping on the structural and morphological properties of the hydrogels using a Mg co-doped ZnO hydrogel, which has been fabricated by the sol–gel process, have been investigated. Then, a hydrogel containing nanoparticle and a hydrogel without any nanoparticles was produced as a control. The hydrogels were loaded with catechin and the related characterization was evolved based on the new structure of the matrices. The Mg0.99Zn0.

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Wu, Wen, and Dong Sheng Wang. "Green Synthesis of Semi-IPN Hydrogel-Silver Nanocomposites by a Biotemplate Redox Technique at Room Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 1974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.1974.

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Semi-IPN hydrogels in which silk sericin (SS) chains were physically dispersed throughout dextran (Dex) gel networks were synthesized. Highly stable distributed silver nanoparticles have been prepared using these semi-IPN hydrogels as a carrier via in situ reduction of silver nitrate without the addition of any reducing agent. The resultant semi-IPN hydrogel-silver nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). And the swelling behavior of the hydrogles was also studied.

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Hrib, Jakub, Eva Chylikova Krumbholcova, Miroslava Duskova-Smrckova, et al. "Hydrogel Tissue Expanders for Stomatology. Part II. Poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) Hydrogels." Polymers 11, no. 7 (2019): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071087.

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Self-inflating soft tissue expanders represent a valuable modality in reconstructive surgery. For this purpose, particularly synthetic hydrogels that increase their volume by swelling in aqueous environment are used. The current challenge in the field is to deliver a material with a suitable protracted swelling response, ideally with an induction period (for sutured wound healing) followed by a linear increase in volume lasting several days for required tissue reconstruction. Here, we report on synthesis, swelling, thermal, mechanical and biological properties of novel hydrogel tissue expander

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Le, Lam Son, Thuy Trang Le, Thi Van Thi Tran, Vinh Phu Nguyen, Quang Man Nguyen, and Trung Hieu Le. "Synthesis and characterization of pH-sensitive glucomannan-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels for 5-aminosalicylic acid controlled delivery systems." Hue University Journal of Science: Natural Science 131, no. 1A (2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/hueunijns.v131i1a.6637.

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In this study, glucomannan-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels were synthesized under different conditions. The hydrogels consist of glucomannan and acrylic acid and are crosslinked by N,N-methylene-bis-(acrylamide). The structure and morphology of the hydrogels were investigated by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The swelling ratio, biodegradation and pH-sensitive properties, relationship between hydrogel swelling rate and 5-ASA adsorption-desorption capacity, influence of medium pH on 5-ASA desorption, and 5-ASA adsorption kinetics were

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Dicker, Michael PM, Ian P. Bond, Jonathan M. Rossiter, Charl FJ Faul, and Paul M. Weaver. "Modelling and Analysis of pH Responsive Hydrogels for the Development of Biomimetic Photo-Actuating Structures." MRS Proceedings 1718 (2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.20.

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ABSTRACTPhoto-actuating structures inspired by the chemical sensing and signal transmission observed in sun-tracking leaves have recently been proposed by Dicker et al. The proposed light tracking structures are complex, multicomponent material systems, principally composed of a reversible photoacid or base, combined with a pH responsive hydrogel actuator. New modelling and characterization approaches for pH responsive hydrogels are presented in order to facilitate the development of the proposed structures. The model employs Donnan equilibrium for the prediction of hydrogel swelling in system

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