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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syllable'
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1
Takahashi, Toyomi. "Syllable theory without syllables." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406644.
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Paradis, Johanne Catherine. "The syllable structure of Japanese." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28262.
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The question of how to represent prosodic structure is of current theoretical interest in three dimensional phonology. Two current theories/models of representation are the onset/rime model (Kaye and Lowenstamm 1982, Kaye Lowenstamm and Vergnaud 1987 and Levin 1985) and the mora model (Hyman 1985, McCarthy and Prince 1986 and Hayes 1988). This thesis consists of a detailed investigation of the descriptive adequacy of these two theories for the Japanese language. Japanese can be considered an archetypal mora language since in the indigenous linguistic tradition it is analysed into moras.
The version of each model which I am adopting is explicitly stated in a set of universal syllabification rules. This syllabification algorithm is compatible with the following assumptions:
(1) a. No predictable prosodic structure is present in the underlying representation. The distribution of glides in most cases is predictable.
b. Prosodic structure is built by rule and is erected around a syllabic peak which is determined by the relative sonority of segments and not by a feature [syllabic].
Furthermore, the version of the onset/rime model I propose is a paramaterized model where the unmarked setting does not include a nucleus constituent. This onset/rime model is designed to account for weight distinctions as well as the mora theory. Sample structures from both theories are given below.
(2) [Diagram Omitted]
A syllabification algorithm for Japanese is adapted from the general algorithm and fitted into a model of the lexical phonology of Japanese. It is shown that Japanese prosodic structure can be generated by rule, in either model, with no underlying distinctions between glides and high vowels, and with no feature [syllabic].
Therefore, it is concluded that both the onset/rime model and the mora model are adequate for describing the Japanese language. This conclusion crucially depends on the parameterization within the onset/rime model. Because Japanese is not the only language which employs the weight distinctions a Type I model represents, the parameterization is necessary for the onset/rime model to remain equal in descriptive power with the mora model.Arts, Faculty of
Linguistics, Department of
Graduate
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Sen, Ranjan. "Syllable and Segment in Latin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517335.
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Stewart, Darryl William. "Syllable based continuous speech recognition." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325993.
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DAVIS, STUART MICHAEL. "TOPICS IN SYLLABLE GEOMETRY (PHONOLOGY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187997.
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A central topic of recent research in phonological theory has been the syllable and the question of its internal structure. A common view that emerges from this work is that the syllable consists of two major constituents, the onset and the rhyme. A careful scrutiny of the major arguments for the rhyme, however, reveals that the class of phonological generalizations (rule-types) that are only supposed to make reference to elements within the rhyme make reference to other elements as well. To cite one example, some stress rules are required to make reference to onsets. Moreover, there is other evidence in addition to that from stress rules. Phonotactic constraints can hold across segments in the onset and segments within the constituents of the rhyme. Thus, arguments which have been cited to support the rhyme actually do not support it when additional evidence is taken into consideration. In addition, I demonstrate that analyses of stress rules sensitive to the rhyme and formulated in the metrical framework are also compatible with a rhymeless syllable containing an onset, a nucleus, and a coda. In fact, when onset-sensitive stress rules are considered (and these have not really been considered in the literature until now) it is the latter type of syllable that is best able to handle such stress rules. Finally, external evidence that bears on the nature of syllable structure, such as the "movement" phenomena involved in speech errors and language games, provides indirect support for a syllable that consists of onset, nucleus, and coda, and not a structure containing an onset and a rhyme. I conclude that the syllable structure with the highest degree of descriptive and explanatory adequacy is one that only consists of an onset, a nucleus, and coda.
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Chi, Man-yu. "Incidence of backing affecting syllable-initial and syllable-final consonants in normal Cantonese-speaking children /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209636.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1998."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1998." Also available in print.
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Lee, Kit-mei Gloria, and 李潔媚. "Syllable fusion in Cantonese connected speech." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30253494.
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LeSourd, Philip S. "Accent and syllable structure in Passamaquoddy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14451.
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Howitt, Andrew Wilson. "Automatic syllable detection for vowel landmarks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86617.
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Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-200).
by Andrew Wilson Howitt.
Sc.D.
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LeSourd, Philip S. "Accent and syllable structure in Passamaquoddy /." New York ; London : Garland, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374027980.
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Redford, Melissa Annette. "An articulatory basis for the syllable /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Popescu, Anisia. "Temporal organization of liquid consonants in complex syllables : implications for a dynamic articulatory model of the syllable." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC068.
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Cette thèse est une étude du comportement spécifique des consonnes liquides en position coda à la fois du point de vue de la production et de la représentation phonologique. L’étude combine deux ensembles de résultats de la littérature dans le but d’expliquer pourquoi les liquides sont une classe de consonnes à part. D’un point de vue de la production, les consonnes liquides en position coda en anglais présentent des patrons d’organisation temporelle spécifiques à la position attaque. D’un point de vue de la représentation phonologique, il a été montré qu’en anglais, les intuitions des locuteurs natifs sur le nombre de syllabes de mots,traditionnellement monosyllabiques, comportant une voyelle longue suivie par une liquide,sont variables. Une description unifiée, de ces deux résultats, intégrant à la fois des données quantitatives et qualitatives est proposée. La proposition principale comporte deux aspects.Premièrement, je postule que les deux résultats, présentés séparément dans la littérature,doivent être considérés comme étant liés/pris ensemble. Le comportement atypique des consonnes liquides observés à la fois dans la production et la représentation peut être expliqué par la présence d’un double geste articulatoire (un geste vocalique et un geste consonantique)et en particulier par la coordination temporelle de ces deux gestes à l’intérieur de la rime.Deuxièmement, je postule que la composition gestuelle et la coordination temporelle des consonnes liquides prédisent le comportement des consonnes liquides à travers les langues.Ces hypothèses sont vérifiées et confirmée par des expériences de production et de jugements sur le nombre de syllabes dans plusieurs langues (anglais, roumain, russe et allemand). Basée sur les résultats expérimentaux, une modélisation pour les patrons de coordination observés en anglais est proposée. Les résultats montrent que c’est le geste vocalique est articulé avant le geste consonantique, ce qui détermine le comportement atypique observé pour les consonnes liquides en coda. L’articulation en premier du geste vocalique a deux conséquences importantes. Premièrement, cela donne lieu à une séquence de deux gestes vocaliques (le geste vocalique du noyau suivi par le geste vocalique de la liquide), créant un noyau complexe, qui entraine la création d’une structure de coordination compétitive à l’intérieur de la rime. Cette structure de coordination compétitive explique le comportement hors-norme des consonnes liquides en position coda. Deuxièmement, l’articulation en premier du geste vocalique rajoute des unités de poids syllabique à la structure métrique de mots monosyllabiques, ce qui explique la variabilité observée parmi les jugements du nombre de syllabes des locuteurs natifsThis dissertation investigates the behavior of coda liquid consonants from both a production and a representational standpoint. The goal is to combine two different sets of results from the literature in order to provide a clearer image on why liquids are a special class of consonants. From a production standpoint, coda liquids exhibit coordination patterns reserved for onsets. From a representation standpoint, native speakers attribute variable syllable count judgments to monosyllabic words involving a tense vowel/diphthong followed by a liquid. A unified account of liquids consonants integrating both quantitative and qualitative elements is provided.The main claim of this dissertation is two fold. First, we claim that the two results, presented separately in the literature must be considered and interpreted together. We propose that they are linked. The atypical patterns observed in the production and the representation of coda liquids stem from the presence of two gestures (one vocalic and one consonantal gesture) in the production of coda liquids, and more importantly from their relative timing with respect to other gestures in the syllable rime. Second we state that the gestural composition and the timing of liquid gestures predict liquid coda behavior cross-linguistically. These claims are tested and confirmed by cross-linguistic production and parallel production-syllable- countjudgment experiments. Furthermore, a gestural model, supported by simulations, is proposed for American English. Results show that the atypical timing pattern observed in syllables with liquid codas in American English is linked to the earlier occurrence of the vocalic gesture involved in the production of the coda liquids. This earlier occurrence of the vocalic gesture in the liquid following the vowel nucleus has two important consequences. First, it brings the liquid closer to the vowel nucleus, creating a complex nucleus, and triggering a specific competitive coordinative structure in rimes. This competitive coordinative pattern can explain the atypical temporal patterns observed for coda liquids. Second, the earlier occurrence of the vocalic gesture relative to the consonantal gesture adds weight to the metrical structure of monosyllabic words with tense vowels/diphthong nuclei followed by a liquid coda, explaining the variability in native speakers’ syllable count judgments
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Coltekin, Cagri. "From syllable to meaning: effects of knowledge of syllable in learning the meaning bearing units of language." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608305/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to investigate the role of the syllable, a non-meaning bearing unit, in learning high level meaning bearing units---the lexical items of language. A computational model has been developed to learn the meaning bearing units of the language, assuming knowledge of syllables. The input to the system comprises of words marked at syllable boundaries together with their meanings. Using a statistical learning algorithm, the model discovers the meaning bearing elements with their respective syntactic categories. The model's success has been tested against a second model that has been trained with the same corpus segmented at morpheme boundaries. The lexicons learned by both models have been found to be similar, with an exact overlap of 71%.
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Yap, Ngee Thai. "Modeling syllable theory with finite-state transducers." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 279 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1179954391&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Laubstein, Ann Stuart. "The nature of the production grammar syllable." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4620.
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Cahill, Lynne Julie. "Syllable-based morphology for natural language processing." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386529.
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This thesis addresses the problem of accounting for morphological alternation within Natural Language Processing. It proposes an approach to morphology which is based on phonological concepts, in particular the syllable, in contrast to morpheme-based approaches which have standardly been used by both NLP and linguistics. It is argued that morpheme-based approaches, within both linguistics and NLP, grew out of the apparently purely affixational morphology of European languages, and especially English, but are less appropriate for non-affixational languages such as Arabic. Indeed, it is claimed that even accounts of those European languages miss important linguistic generalizations by ignoring more phonologically based alternations, such as umlaut in German and ablaut in English. To justify this approach, we present a wide range of data from languages as diverse as German and Rotuman. A formal language, MOLUSe, is described, which allows for the definition of declarative mappings between syllable-sequences, and accounts of non-trivial fragments of the inflectional morphology of English, Arabic and Sanskrit are presented, to demonstrate the capabilities of the language. A semantics for the language is defined, and the implementation of an interpreter is described. The thesis discusses theoretical (linguistic) issues, as well as implementational issues involved in the incorporation of MOLUSC into a larger lexicon system. The approach is contrasted with previous work in computational morphology, in particular finite-state morphology, and its relation to other work in the fields of morphology and phonology is also discussed.
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Law, Thomas Ka Tung. "Stuttering in a Syllable-Timed Tone Language." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22882.
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Stuttering is a developmental speech disorder affecting the fluency of speech. The cause of stuttering is not fully understood. Evidence has suggested an underlying speech neural processing deficit that is influenced by linguistic and environmental factors. A number of studies have identified the factors in spoken language that are associated with stuttering. However, most studies are conducted in languages that have a stress-timed language rhythm or non-tone languages. There is a dearth of research in syllable-timed languages and tone languages. Cantonese is one of the seven dialects of Modern Chinese. It possesses two unique linguistic features that are of theoretical value to understanding any causal model of stuttering: syllable-timed language rhythm and lexical tone. Syllable-timed language rhythm contains properties of a powerful fluency-inducing condition, and lexical tone could be related to stuttering due to the established evidence on syllabic stress and stuttering. These two factors influence the speech motor demands of speech production, which may directly be responsible for triggering stuttering. This thesis begins with a brief overview of stuttering. The current evidence on the association of stuttering and features of spoken language is then reviewed, followed by an introduction to Cantonese. These form the foundation to understand the linguistic features of stuttering in Cantonese. This thesis contains three original studies on the nature of stuttering in Cantonese. These studies investigated the behavioural features of stuttering in Cantonese, the role of lexical tone in triggering stuttering, and the role of syllable-timed language rhythm and stuttering in Cantonese. The findings of these studies showed that stuttering in Cantonese consists of a range of behavioural features and complexity. Further, the results not only confirmed that the speech motor effort in varying syllabic stress is important to the triggering of stuttering, but also showed that the magnitude of speech motor demands may, in fact, play a more crucial role. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the development of the multifactorial causal models of stuttering. It also extends our knowledge in understanding the nature of stuttering in a syllable-timed tone language.
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Wong, Wai Yi Peggy. "Syllable fusion in Hong Kong Cantonese connected speech." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1143227948.
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Hill, J. D. (Joseph David). "Syllabification and syllable weight in Ancient Greek songs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45930.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).
This thesis is about phonetic events, phonetic representations, and the grammatical constraints on those representations, with respect to one particular phonetic dimension: time. It focuses on a process called beat mapping, whose clearest manifestation is in singing (as opposed to "ordinary" speech). This is the mapping of a sequence of syllables/segments onto a sequence of timing units or beats. The empirical ground is provided by Ancient Greek musical scores. We analyze the way that sensitivity to syllable weight manifests itself in beat mapping. In Ancient Greek, the musical quantity of syllables (their duration, counted in beats) is tightly controlled by their type. Taking this as a robust example of a weight-sensitive process, we set out to demonstrate that syllable weight is not about syllables, but about segments; this is contrary to what current theories of syllable weight assume (see Gordon 2004). We attempt to derive both syllable weight and syllable constituency itself from constraints on the beat mapping of segments. This beat mapping grammar is developed within the general framework of Generalized Correspondence Theory (McCarthy and Prince 2005), and exploits certain properties of correspondence relations, notably non-linearity and reciprocity (bidirectionality). The mapping of segments onto beats respects their linear order but does not reflect them: it is a many-to-many mapping. Correspondence also provides the basis for a new definition of "syllable," which rests on two things: the reciprocity of correspondence relations, and a principle of "salience matching" in mappings between non-homologous domains.
by J.D. Hill.
S.M.
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Randolph, Mark Anthony. "Syllable-based constraints on properties of English sounds." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14213.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-174).
by Mark Anthony Randolph.
Ph.D.
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Hwaidi, Tamader. "Syllable structure and syllabification in Al'ain Libyan Arabic." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3271.
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The variety of Arabic under investigation is one of the dialects spoken in a town on the Western Mountain (Nafuusa Mountain) in Libya. Its phonological characteristics are clearly different from what Harrama (1993) called the “Al-Jabal dialect,” which the inhabitants of the Western Mountain claim to speak. The current study is concerned with a variety spoken in the town of Riyayna (Or Alriyayna); mainly, Al’ain (henceforth identified as ALA). The objective of this thesis is to contribute a description of the phonology of a previously unexamined dialect, under a moraic approach. This approach has been adopted as the prominent role of the mora that has been established in literature by accounting for various phonological phenomena, such as vowel epenthesis (Itô, 1989) and compensatory lengthening (Hayes, 1989) (see Watson 2002). Thus, it is claimed for example, that the loss of the glottal stop in ALA is repaired by compensatory lengthening in words, such as: /biːr/ ~ /bɪʔr/, /raːs/ ~ /rʌʔs/, /juːmɪn/ ~ /joʔmɪn/ to satisfy the minimal moraicity requirement, or by gemination: /mɪjjah ~ mɪʔah/, /rɪjjah/ ~ /rɪʔah/ to satisfy the restriction of vowel-initial syllables, utterance-internally. Although, the main aim of the thesis is to examine the syllable inventories and syllabification process in ALA, focus is placed on initial consonant clusters that are claimed to exist in a cluster-resistant dialect, where it is argued that such clusters strictly occur in certain environments. Emphatics and emphatic allophones are also phonologically investigated claiming that, in addition to the four emphatic consonants, emphatic vowels (/ʌ/ and /ɑː/ in ALA) also exist in the dialect and similarly cause emphasis spread. Vowel-initial syllables is another issue whose existence in ALA is asserted in this study demonstrating that although they might surface with a glottal-stop-like gesture, they should still be treated as underlying onsetless syllables because their behaviour is different from syllables that underlyingly begin with a glottal stop. Finally, stress assignment procedures in ALA are interesting in following many North African dialects by ignoring, in many cases, syllable weight and having a tendency to stress final syllables. This is also expressed in the study.
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Kam, C. S. "Syllable, rhyme and phoneme awareness in phonologically impaired preschoolers." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209272.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1996."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 29, 1996." Also available in print.
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Avram, Andrei A. "On the syllable structure of English pidgins and creoles." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423559.
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Zhang, Li. "A syllable-based, pseudo-articulatory approach to speech recognition." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4905/.
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The prevailing approach to speech recognition is Hidden Markov Modelling, which yields good performance. However, it ignores phonetics, which has the potential for going beyond the acoustic variance to provide a more abstract underlying representation. The novel approach pursued in this thesis is motivated by phonetic and phonological considerations. It is based on the notion of pseudo-articulatory representations, which are abstract and idealized accounts of articulatory activity. The original work presented here demonstrates the recovery of syllable structure information from pseudo-articulatory representations directly without resorting to statistical models of phone sequences. The work is also original in its use of syllable structures to recover phonemes. This thesis presents the three-stage syllable based, pseudo-articulatory approach in detail. Though it still has problems, this research leads to a more plausible style of automatic speech recognition and will contribute to modelling and understanding speech behaviour. Additionally, it also permits a 'multithreaded' approach combining information from different processes.
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Wohlgemuth, Melville Joseph III. "Motor planning for syllable sequence and phonology in birdsong." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3339208.
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Alamolhoda, Morteza. "Phonostatistics and phonotactics of the syllable in modern Persian." Helsinki : Finnish Oriental Society : Tiedekirja [jakaja], 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/58269584.html.
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Miyashita, Mizuki. "Tohono O'odham syllable weight: Descriptive, theoretical and applied aspects." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280102.
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This dissertation is a model of a unified study of three linguistic aspects: description, theory and application. Tohono O'odham syllable weight is investigated within these linguistic aspects. I propose that O'odham diphthongs are categorized into two groups based on their weight: light (monomoraic) diphthongs and heavy (bimoraic) diphthongs. This is opposed to generally understood diphthong classifications (i.e., falling vs. rising). My conclusion is supported by empirical facts, including morpho-phonological and phonetic phenomena. The generalization is theoretically accounted for within the framework of Optimality Theory (McCarthy and Price 1993, Prince and Smolensky 1993). Moraicity of the light/heavy diphthongs and short/long vowels are analogous, and the larger classification of Tohono O'odham vowels is made: Class L (monomoraic vowels) and Class H (bimoraic vowels). However, the distribution of the vowels depends on syllable type: stressed, unstressed and irregularly stressed. This dependency is accounted for by the following: (i) Predictable moraic structure is not specified in input (this is explained with a proposed constraint, MORAINDISPENSABLILITY or MI); (ii) Moraic specification is in the input only where it must be lexically specified (long vowels and irregularly stressed diphthongs); (iii) Light diphthongs surface as monomoraic due to the loss of a mora. In order to account for the relationship between the unstressed position and light diphthongs, I propose a constraint, POSITIONALDIET, a relative of the Stress-to-Weight Principle or SWP (Prince 1990). Evidence for the diphthong classification comes from an acoustic study of a native speaker and learners of Tohono O'odham. In addition to supporting the classification, the differences between English and Tohono O'odham speakers' treatment of diphthongs is explained with respect to the fact that English diphthongs are always heavy. Finally, implications of this study for Tohono O'odham language teaching are discussed.
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Sausset, Solen. "La syllabe dans la production écrite de mots." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT5015/document.
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L'objectif général de cette thèse est de préciser le niveau de traitement auquel la syllabe intervient au cours de la production écrite de mots, le rôle qu'elle joue, ainsi que la dynamique de mobilisation de cette unité. Dans le premier chapitre expérimental nous explorons les relations entre l'activation des syllabes et les traitements graphomoteurs. L'activation syllabique apparaît dissociée des traitements graphomoteurs (Expériences 1a et 1b), et la dynamique d'activation des syllabes est sous l'influence des contraintes qui pèsent sur ces traitements graphomoteurs uniquement quand les contraintes sont très fortes (Expériences 2a, 2b, 2c). Les relations entre l'activation des syllabes et le traitement orthographique font l'objet du deuxième chapitre expérimental. Nos résultats montrent que les deux processus semblent dissociés (Expérience 3a et contrôle), et que la dynamique d'activation des syllabes apparaît modifiée en fonction des contraintes orthographiques, étudiée ici à travers la fréquence lexicale (Expérience 3b). L'ensemble de nos données tend à confirmer l'idée selon laquelle les syllabes sont des unités mobilisées à l'interface des traitements orthographiques et graphomoteurs, i.e., dans le buffer graphémique. Ces résultats sont discutés dans le cadre d'un modèle en cascade de la production écrite, auquel il semble que nous ajoutons un niveau de traitement spécifique à la syllabeThis research aims at specifying the processing level at which the syllable is involved during handwriting, the role that it plays, as well as the dynamics of its activation. In the first experimental chapter, we explore about relations between syllable activation and graphomotor processing. Our results show that syllable activation and graphomotor processing appear to be distinct (Experiments 1a and 1b), and that the dynamics of syllable activation vary as function of graphomotor constraints when these constraints are very strong. The relations between syllable activation and spelling are addressed is the second experimental chapter. The results show that both processes are distinct (Experiment 3a and control), and that the dynamics of syllable activation change according to spelling constraints, studied here via lexical frequency (Experiment 3b). Taken together, all these data support the assumption that syllables are activated between spelling and graphomotor processing, i.e., in the graphemic buffer. These results are discussed in a cascade model of handwriting, in which might be integrated a specific level of processing devoted to the syllable
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Coutsougera, Photini. "The semivowel and its reflexes in Cypriot Greek." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252267.
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Parrondo, Rodriguez Ana E. "The L2 acquisition of syllable structure and stress in Spanish." Thesis, Online version, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.287536.
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Hartley, Tom. "The role of syllable structure in verbal short-term memory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317531/.
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Remembering the sound of a new word when it is first encountered is an important skill which plays a critical role in the development of vocabulary (Gathercole & Baddeley, 1989), yet the mechanisms underlying this form of verbal short-term memory are not well understood. Errors in the repetition and serial recall of nonwords indicate that structural properties of the syllable are represented in short-term memory, but existing accounts of serial learning and recall do not incorporate any representation of linguistic structure. Models of speech production implicate syllable structure in the representation of phonological form, but do not explain how such representations are acquired. This thesis draws together theories of speech production and serial memory to develop a computational model of nonword repetition based on the novel idea that short-term memory for the serial order of a sequence of speech sounds is constrained by a syllabic template. The results of simulations using the model are presented and compared with experimental findings concerning short-term memory for nonwords. The interaction of short- and long-term phonological memory systems and the aquisition of vocabulary are discussed in terms of the model. The model is evaluated in comparison with other contemporary theories.
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Cross, Naomi. "Bilinguals' and second language learners' knowledge of Japanese syllable structure." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3835/.
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The acquisition of second language phonology has been commanding researchers' attention in recent years. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to this area with a study on Japanese as a second language. The thesis explores both the development of phonological competence by post-puberty second language learners and the end state of pre-puberty bilingual acquisition. Reviewing the literature on the theoretical aspects of mora, syllables and syllable structure, we see that the mora is distinctive and plays vital role in Japanese phonology. We next look at the acquisition theories proposed in recent years, and adopt a Universal Grammar-based approach. Comparing first, bilingual and second language acquisition, three research hypotheses are presented: 1) the Mora Assignment Hypothesis, 2) L2 phonological Acquisition and Age Onset Hypothesis, and the 3) Quality and Quantity of Input Hypothesis. To test these hypotheses, a study was designed involving 24 bilingual children and adults, and 94 adult L2 learners of Japanese at varying levels of proficiency. The results provide evidence to support all three research hypotheses. First the data show that the both English-dominant bilinguals and second language learners at all levels deleted morae and all but the beginning second language learners added morae in oral and written production tasks, indicating non-native competence with respect to morae. In addition, learners attempt to preserve the overall mora count. Since English is not a mora sensitive language, the mora conservation exhibited here is from their Japanese. The learners, including English-dominant bilinguals, first become sensitive to the mora and only at a later stage assign segments to the correct mora slot. The difference in performance between English-dominant bilinguals and Japanese-dominant bilinguals was such that by the age of eight, those who had spent more years in Japan demonstrated native phonological competence, whereas the English-dominant bilinguals' performance pointed to non-native competence. With respect to the second and third hypotheses, results from the bilinguals indicate that in addition to age of onset, the amount of exposure to a second language must be taken into account as a factor influencing ultimate attainment. The study also reveals strong influence of literacy in both oral and written production of Japanese.
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Ramoo, Dinesh Kumar. "Syllable structure in the mental lexicon : neuropsychological and computational evidence." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4846/.
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This thesis investigated the fundamental representations within the mental-lexicon and whether such representations are fixed or differ according to the characteristics of various languages. It looked at whether syllable structure is represented at distinct levels of linguistic representation at phonological and phonetic levels, with phonology governed by the demands of a combinatorial system (the need to create many distinct words from a small number of symbols) and phonetics governed by articulatory complexity (the need to keep motor programming as simple as possible). Empirical evidence as well as computational work was used to investigate whether syllable structure may be present as an abstract unit within the lexicon and not just computed online at the phonetic level. Three languages were explored in this work: English, Hindi and Italian. This project found evidence from English and Hindi patients with acquired language disorders to support the data previously collected from Italian patients. The empirical data was supported by computational work that considered the rates of resyllabification and storage costs based on the assumptions of different speech production models. Both the empirical and computational data support the hypothesis that syllable structure may be stored within the mental lexicon.
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Snow, David P. "Phrase-final syllable lengthening and intonation in early child speech /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8192.
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Carter, Allyson Kathleen. "An integrated acoustic and phonological investigation of weak syllable omissions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289035.
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This dissertation is an in-depth study of weak syllable omissions from polysyllabic words, a phenomenon seen in three quite different English-speaking populations: young children with normally developing language, older children with specific language impairment (SLI), and adults with types of non-fluent aphasia. The omissions result in forms such as nana for banana, or raffe for giraffe. I first review the main theoretical accounts of weak syllable omissions, which implicate input (perception), production, or grammar (phonology). After concluding that perceptual accounts are inadequate, I propose four studies based on production and grammar accounts of omissions by the populations of interest. Specifically, the studies ask two questions: Are syllables truly deleted? And what is the mechanism behind syllable omissions? Three hypotheses address these questions. The Structure Reduction Hypothesis states that syllables are truly deleted, whereas the Generic Trace and Variable Trace Hypotheses hold that omitted syllables leave a measurable trace. On the Generic Trace Hypothesis, the trace is of generic length, independent of the subsyllabic information, while on the Variable Trace Hypothesis, variation in subsyllabic length affects the trace. In three experiments, children with normal language and SLI were asked to repeat sentences that included words with strong-weak stress patterns and weak-strong-weak patterns, which children reduced to strong-weak outputs. Acoustic analyses of the non-reduced and reduced outputs revealed that children left an acoustic trace in the latter, in the form of durational lengthening. Lengthening did not vary based on the subsyllabic content of the omitted syllable, supporting the Generic Trace Hypothesis. In addition, the child studies and a word repetition study of adults with aphasia revealed certain phonological factors bearing on the rates of syllable omissions. Based on the four studies, I propose a preliminary model of weak syllable omission that contains factors triggering omissions, multiple paths from the phonology to the phonetic realization, and a developmental continuum of strategies used by children to reach the adult target. In concluding, I suggest that instrumental acoustic analyses are a crucial component to any study addressing variation in children's productions, and I suggest implications of the research for current discussions of the phonetics-phonology interface.
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Galea, Luke [Verfasser], and Martine [Gutachter] Grice. "Syllable structure and gemination in Maltese / Luke Galea ; Gutachter: Martine Grice." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111533056X/34.
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De, Freitas Leslie J. "Effects of the obligatory contour principle on syllable structure and syllabification." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65550.
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Mirt, Jessica J. "Syllable number and durations of infant vocalizations during mother-infant interaction." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/10970.
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Boegli, Susan K. "Vocal-tract normalisation : the contribution of information from beyond the syllable." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389629.
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Storme, Benjamin. "Perceptual sources for closed-syllable vowel laxing and derived environment effects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113775.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 227-241).
This dissertation claims that allowing perceptual factors to play a role in phonology helps make some progress on the understanding of two challenging phenomena: closed-syllable vowel laxing (CSVL), i.e. the tendency for vowels to be lowered and centralized before word-final and preobstruent consonants, and phonologically-derived environment effects (PDEEs), i.e. patterns where a phonological process is blocked unless accompanied by another phonological process. CSVL is challenging because the mechanism that relates vowel quality and the postvocalic context is not obvious. In particular, CSVL cannot be analyzed as a coarticulatory effect driven by vowel shortening. PDEEs are challenging because they imply that a smaller input-output change may be worse than a strictly larger one, in violation of a basic principle of faithfulness. Part I proposes that CSVL is a strategy to enhance contrasts among postvocalic consonants in contexts where these consonants lack good release cues and are therefore perceptually weak. In particular, laxing is argued to enhance contrasts of place of articulation (e.g. contrasts involving [p], [t], [k]). This hypothesis is supported by the results of a perception experiment showing that, in French, [p], [t], and [k] are generally more distinct after lax mid vowels than after tense mid vowels. An analysis of CSVL is proposed using constraints on contrasts. Part II proposes that PDEEs follow from the hypothesis that the input-output distance is perceived logarithmically: this predicts that a feature change may be less salient perceptually and therefore represent a smaller violation of faithfulness if accompanied by another feature change. This theory has two desirable consequences: it reconciles the analysis of PDEEs with the idea of a minimal input-output modification bias and it derives a number of perceptual constraints on the features that can interact in PDEEs, therefore providing a restrictive account of the typology.
by Benjamin Storme.
Ph. D.
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Chin-cheng, Lo, and 羅勤正. "OPTIMALITY THEORY AND CHINESE SYLLABLE: Issues in Onset, Sub-syllabic Process, and Syllable Structure." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zg2r9v.
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博士國立高雄師範大學
英語學系
97
This study contains two main parts, concerning two issues related to Chinese syllables. The first issue is about onset and syllable boundary and the second concerns syllable internal constituencies. As for the first issue, after examining relevant literature and data, we conclude that onset is obligatory in Chinese syllables, contrary to the suggestion made in Duanmu (2007). Furthermore, the cross-syllabic place assimilation of a coda and an onset (e.g. tan + pAw → tam pAw ‘assure’) is attributed to the interaction of constraints such as AGREE[ALL], CODA-COND, MAX(place), and NO-SPREAD(place). In addition, we discover that the asymmetrical behavior of zero onset between full and weak syllables can be well accounted for in OT by the interaction of IO-Identity constraints and OO-Identity constraints. The second issue focuses mainly on the long-recognized Onset/Rime constituency, which has been argued to be problematic (Yip 2003). The major problem of Onset/Rime model happens when one tries to determine the syllabic position of a pre-nuclear glide because even in the same language, different linguistic processes may suggest different positions for a pre-nuclear glide. After analyzing data from Fanqie Languages, L-words, syllable contraction, and tautosyllabic nasal distribution of Taiwanese Southern Min, we establish OT analyses without referring to any syllable internal constituency. All the phenomena previously viewed as resulting from syllable internal structures can actually be attributed to other causes such as similarity, proximity, markedness factors, sonority, and semantics. In other words, no syllable internal constituency is required in our analyses and thus the problematic Onset/Rime model can be abandoned in OT, at least when approaching these morpho-phonological processes.
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Molestina, Camila. "Zero Syllable." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/461.
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The word, the corporeal word, the forgotten piece of word, the pause, the breath, the silence_Having said, heard, not at all. Through text, video, sound and installation, this thesis investigates the materiality of language, translation and memory in relationship to words as an attempt to reconfigure a certain inner space. This thesis is a research on the theoretical context and cultural reference of the M.F.A. work. The play between the spoken words (multiple voices within one voice) and the image (body) echoes the geography of survival: moments translated to words, speech translated to body, to image, to void.
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Wu, Ming-Chun, and 吳銘鈞. "Syllable-Based Speaker Recognition." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30933036230130712921.
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Shiao, Chih-Shiang, and 蕭至祥. "Robust Continuous Mandarin Syllable Recognition." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90343080225149410718.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
86
In this thesis, a robust training algorithm, which considers the jointcompensation for noise and channel/speaker effects, is proposed for Mandarintelephone speech recognition. It incorporates the PMC method and a bias compensationmethod into the segmentation stage of the training process in order to adapt thecurrent HMM models to the noisy environment. It also employs the Wiener filteringand the SBR method in the model updating stage of the training process in order toobtain clean speech for updating the current HMM models. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was first confirmed by simulations using a database containing many utterancesof simulated telephone speech. It was then tested using a real telephone-speechdatabase generated by 227 speakers including 195 for training and 32 for testing. By using the PMC method and the SBR method in the recognition test, a base-syllablerecognition rate of 53.96% was achieved.
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ITO, JUNKO. "SYLLABLE THEORY IN PROSODIC PHONOLOGY." 1986. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI8701171.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this dissertation is to examine the nature of the syllable as a prosodic constituent. Within the framework of Prosodic Theory and Lexical Phonology, theory-internal considerations and a variety of empirical arguments converge on a conception of syllabification as continuous template matching governed by syllable wellformedness conditions and a directional parameter. Chapter I introduces the principles of Prosodic Licensing, Locality, and Directionality and discusses their implications for Syllable Theory. In order to be compatible with these prosodic principles and to avoid duplicating their effects, it is argued that the theory must define syllables by templates and other wellformedness conditions and not by syllable-building rules. Chapter II deals with locality problems in Syllable Theory and examines cases where the principle requiring local determination of prosodic wellformedness appears violated. It is shown that the nonlinear theory of geminates allows a local and explanatory analysis of the phenomena if language-specific aspects of syllabification are expressed as wellformedness conditions on representations. Chapter III argues that syllable mapping must be identified with the universal association mechanism, triggered by the principle of Prosodic Licensing (requiring all phonological units to belong to higher prosodic structure). Our hypothesis is that syllable mapping takes place continuously throughout the phonological derivation. Since the output of every cycle must be prosodically licensed, end-of-cycle Stray Erasure eliminates all unlicensed material. Chapter IV discusses certain operations performed on stray segments, comparing different approaches to stray epenthesis. It is argued that a nonredundant and explanatory account is only possible if epenthesis is understood as a syllable mapping operation. Chapter V argues that as a parameter available in Prosodic Phonology, directionality plays an important role in Syllable Theory. It is shown that directional syllable mapping correctly predicts the insertion sites in complex systems of epenthesis.
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Chernik, Katsiaryna. "Syllable-based compression of XML." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267249.
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Syllable-based compression achieves sufficient results on small or middle-sized text documents. Since the majority of XML documents are that size, we suppose that the syllable-based method can give good results on XML documents, especially on documents that have a simple structure (small amount of elements and attributes) and relatively long character data content. In this paper we propose two syllable-based compression methods for XML documents. The first method, XMLSyl, replaces XML tokens (element tags and attributes) by special codes in input document and then compresses this document using a syllable-based method. The second method, XMillSyl, incorporates syllable-based compression into the existing method for XML compression XMill. XMLSyl and XMillSyl are compared with other XML-conscious compression methods as well as with a non-XML syllable-based compression methods.
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"Automatic syllable detection for vowel landmarks." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/4121.
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by Andrew Wilson Howitt.Supervised by Kenneth N. Stevens.
Also issued as Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-200).
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Wu, Rui-Bin, and 吳瑞彬. "Speaker Independent Continuous Mandarin Syllable Recognition." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71199711559127255633.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
84
In this thesis, a new method of continuous Mandarin syllable recognition is studied. The 1431-syllable recognizer is composed of an initial-final based 411-base- syllable recognizer and a tone recognizer. It uses 100 right-final-dependent initial HMM models, 39 context- independent final HMM models and 29 right-tone-dependent tone HMM models. To cope with the synchronization problem of combining base-syllable and tone recognizers, in the recognition process, the observation probabilities of 100-initia l models, 39-final models and 29-tone models are separately calculated first. The scores for 1431 syllables are then calculated by a table lookup process. Last, the recognition process is finished by performing a modified one- stage dynamic programming. Performance of the method was examined by simulation using a telephone speech database of 159 training speakers and 36 testing speakers. Accuracy rates of 36.40 % and 47.14 % were obtained for recognition of 1431 and 411 syllables, respectively.
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Liu, Wanyu, and 劉婉榆. "Syllable Contraction in Taiwan Sign Language." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85481551727275594315.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
語言學研究所
104
This thesis studies syllable contraction in Taiwan Sign Language (TSL) compounding. The first issue to discuss is whether syllable contraction in TSL follows the process of syllable contraction in spoken language. In this thesis, Hus’s (2003) model used in Southern Min is followed. Southern Min is not related to TSL, but only because TSL represents a signed language, and Southern Min represents a spoken language. The second issue is to compare syllable contraction in Southern Min and in TSL. My findings are as follows. First, data shows that different combinations of handshapes and orientations associated to the edges of the uncontracted compound result in different contracted outputs, and the place features and movements are also affected. In addition, after syllable contraction in TSL, movements in the more stressed syllable will be preserved and projected to the nucleus position, especially in the second component signs. The result is a grammatical syllable after compounding and contraction. Moreover, I propose that place features also have a sonority hierarchy, in which head and hand locations are more sonorous than locations on or in front of the body. Their sonority will also influence the four sign parameters and cause effects such as assimilation. Second, there are many similarities of syllable contraction in Southern Min and in TSL, such as the process of syllable contraction in TSL is almost the same as which in Southern Min. The only difference is that movement Epenthesis is only applied in TSL syllable contraction.
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HSU, YA-TING, and 許雅婷. "Syllable Contraction in Tainan Minnan Dialect." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3cw53k.
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