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Journal articles on the topic 'Syllable'
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1
Sulpizio, Simone, Giacomo Spinelli, and Cristina Burani. "STRESYL." Written Language and Literacy 20, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 80–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.20.1.05sul.
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Abstract During the last few decades, empirical research on reading has shown increasing interest in syllable units. More recently, stress assignment has become a particular focus of interest. The relation between syllables and stress, however, has yet to be investigated for Italian. In this paper, we describe a new database, STRESYL, that can help researchers to investigate the relation between syllables and stress in Italian. STRESYL offers type and token measures relating stress information to syllable units, both in terms of syllable forms and syllabic structures.
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Shaheedkhel, Sayed Kazim, and Mohammad Azam Omari. "Structure and Types of Pashto Syllable." Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 07 (July 10, 2023): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55559/sjahss.v2i07.106.
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The syllable is the phonological element that plays a vital role in the formation of the word. A complete and standard syllable consists of the Onset, Nucleus, and Coda, but at the same time, the Onset or Coda part of the syllable can also fall down. No syllable can be constructed without Nucleus and vowel sounds. The vowel in the syllable structure has as much value as the syllable has in the word formation. These vowels play a fundamental role in the syllable’s distribution and types. This article explores the intricate structure and various types of syllables found in the Pashto language, primarily spoken in Afghanistan. Syllables play a fundamental role in linguistic analysis, as they constitute the building blocks of words and affect the rhythm, stress, and intonation patterns in speech.
The findings of this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the Pashto language's syllable structure, shedding light on its unique phonological features. This knowledge holds significance for various fields, including linguistics, language teaching, and speech pathology, enabling researchers and language professionals to better analyze and comprehend the complexities of Pashto syllables.
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Nirwana. "PRONUNCIATION ERRORS IN SYLLABIC CONSONANTS (AN INVESTIGATION OF THE STUDENT'S PHONOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING)." JLE: Journal of Literate of English Education Study Program 2, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47435/jle.v2i2.752.
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This research examined pronunciation errors in syllabic consonant sounds uttered by fourth-semester students in the English and literature departments. This study aimed to find out how fourth-semester students read the text and pronounce syllabic consonant sounds. The theories of English phonetics and phonology were proposed by Peter Roach and Corder's theory of error analysis. The data was gathered using the descriptive qualitative method. The researcher used the phone as an instrument to record herself reading aloud text. According to the findings, the students made three errors: addition, omission, and selection. First, they began using the schwa sound with long syllabic consonant words. Second, some syllables were removed, which was most common in the final syllable. Third, they identified where a syllable in a word should go because they heard a vowel sound that should not be there or a sound in a syllable that was in the wrong location. This mistake occurs in the middle and last syllables
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Kazlauskienė, Asta. "Lithuanian Syllable: The Hierarchy of Syllable Constituents and Syllable Weight." Respectus Philologicus 42, no. 47 (October 7, 2022): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2022.42.47.106.
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The article aims to establish the hierarchy of Lithuanian syllable constituents and determine how syllables should be interpreted in terms of syllable weight. The empirical data based on 311 000 syllables show that the variety of consonants in the onset is more significant than in the coda. A vowel and a succeeding approximant form the nucleus of a prosodic syllable, which shows strong coherency between a nucleus and a coda. Therefore, a CVC syllable is interpreted as [syllable Onset [rhyme Nucleus Coda]]. The division of Lithuanian syllables into light and heavy can be based on the realization of pitch accent, and it fully coincides with the traditional classification of long and short syllables in Lithuanian linguistics. Short syllables are light, their nucleus is a short vowel, and the number of consonants in the onset and the coda is unimportant. Such syllables account for almost half of all syllables in the database of this research (45%). Long syllables are heavy, and their nucleus may consist of long vowels (30%), diphthongs (12%), or mixed diphthongs (13%). When stressed, heavy syllables are pronounced in two ways: traditionally known as “acute” and “circumflex”. The stress is not dependent on the syllable weight, as both light (short) and heavy (long) syllables can be stressed. However, it has been observed that heavy (long) syllables are stressed more often than light (short) ones. Heavily stressed syllables constitute 25%, while light stressed syllables comprise 11% of all the syllables in this research database.
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Fukawa, Teruyo, and Noriaki Kato. "Identification Thresholds of Nonsense Syllables by Stutterers." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (October 1986): 592–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.592.
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Stutterers react emotionally to syllables they stutter because they experience difficulty in articulating those syllables. The identification thresholds of nonsense syllables containing syllables stuttered by six stutterers were investigated. Four one-syllable stimuli and eight three-syllable stimuli were displayed by a tachistoscope, and the subjects were asked to respond with the syllables. The identification thresholds of one-syllable stimuli were lower than those of three-syllable stimuli, and the identification thresholds of one-syllable stimuli containing stuttered syllables were not higher, but rather lower, than those of one-syllable stimuli which did not contain stuttered syllables. It was concluded that stutterers were generally sensitive to syllables they stutter, and this phenomenon was referred to as perceptual vigilance.
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ÁLVAREZ, CARLOS J., GUACIMARA GARCÍA-SAAVEDRA, JUAN L. LUQUE, and MARCUS TAFT. "Syllabic parsing in children: a developmental study using visual word-spotting in Spanish." Journal of Child Language 44, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 380–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000916000040.
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AbstractSome inconsistency is observed in the results from studies of reading development regarding the role of the syllable in visual word recognition, perhaps due to a disparity between the tasks used. We adopted a word-spotting paradigm, with Spanish children of second grade (mean age: 7 years) and sixth grade (mean age: 11 years). The children were asked to detect one-syllable words that could be found at the beginning of pseudo-words, with the boundary between the word and the remaining letters being manipulated. The end of the embedded word could either match the syllabic boundary (e.g. the word FIN in the pseudo-word FINLO, where the syllable boundary is between N and L) or not (e.g. FINUS, where the syllable boundary is located between I and N). The results showed that children of both grades were faster in the syllabic than the non-syllabic condition, and that the magnitude of this effect was the same regardless of reading ability. The results suggest an early universality in the use of syllables in Spanish, regardless of reading level.
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Aubin, Thierry, and Pierre Jouventin. "Localisation of an acoustic signal in a noisy environment: the display call of the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 24 (December 15, 2002): 3793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.24.3793.
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SUMMARY King penguin chicks identify their parents by an acoustic signal, the display call. This call consists of a succession of similar syllables. Each syllable has two harmonic series, strongly modulated in frequency and amplitude, with added beats of varying amplitude generated by a two-voice system. Previous work showed that only one syllable of the call is needed for the chick to identify the calling adult. Both the frequency modulation pattern of the syllable and the two-voice system play a role in the call identification. The syllabic organisation of the call, the harmonic structure and the amplitude modulations of the syllables apparently do not contribute to individual recognition. Are these acoustic features useless? To answer to this question, playback experiments were conducted using three categories of experimental signals: (i) signal with only the fundamental frequencies of the natural call, (ii) signal with the amplitude of each syllable kept at a constant level and (iii) signals with only one syllable, repeated or not. The responses of chicks to these experimental signals were compared to those obtained with the calls of their natural parents. We found that these acoustic features, while not directly implicated in the individual recognition process,help the chicks to better localise the signal of their parents. In addition,the redundant syllabic organisation of the call is a means of counteracting the masking effect of the background noise of the colony.
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Shivachi, Casper Shikali, Refuoe Mokhosi, Zhou Shijie, and Liu Qihe. "Learning Syllables Using Conv-LSTM Model for Swahili Word Representation and Part-of-speech Tagging." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 4 (May 26, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3445975.
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The need to capture intra-word information in natural language processing (NLP) tasks has inspired research in learning various word representations at word, character, or morpheme levels, but little attention has been given to syllables from a syllabic alphabet. Motivated by the success of compositional models in morphological languages, we present a Convolutional-long short term memory (Conv-LSTM) model for constructing Swahili word representation vectors from syllables. The unified architecture addresses the word agglutination and polysemous nature of Swahili by extracting high-level syllable features using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and then composes quality word embeddings with a long short term memory (LSTM). The word embeddings are then validated using a syllable-aware language model ( 31.267 ) and a part-of-speech (POS) tagging task ( 98.78 ), both yielding very competitive results to the state-of-art models in their respective domains. We further validate the language model using Xhosa and Shona, which are syllabic-based languages. The novelty of the study is in its capability to construct quality word embeddings from syllables using a hybrid model that does not use max-over-pool common in CNN and then the exploitation of these embeddings in POS tagging. Therefore, the study plays a crucial role in the processing of agglutinative and syllabic-based languages by contributing quality word embeddings from syllable embeddings, a robust Conv–LSTM model that learns syllables for not only language modeling and POS tagging, but also for other downstream NLP tasks.
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Kaidarova, G., and Zh Suleimenova. "STUDYING THE CATEGORY OF THE SYLLABLE IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 73, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-7804.14.
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The article considers one of the most important issues of vowel harmony of the syllable in the Kazakh and Turkic languages. Actual problems of studying the phonetic structure of the Kazakh language consist mainly in determining the types of syllabic structures and their sound composition. Although the syllable has a special place in the structure of the language, its articulatory nature is poorly understood. Therefore, it should be noted that the solution to the problem of syllables, as one of the language units, lies in the issues of articulation. Researchers have a common opinion about the syllable problem in linguistics, but there is much debate about the definition of syllable types in the Kazakh language. The phonetic and phonological nature of the syllable in the Kazakh language, the function of the syllable in the language and the problems of the syllable have not yet been examined in detail. Based on the research of A. Zhunusbek, M.Isaev, S. Myrzabekov, an analysis of the basic ideas about the nature of the syllable and their limitations is made. The opinions of scientists were studied on the typological common feature of the Kazakh syllable, uniting related languages, and the typological distinctive feature that distinguishes unrelated languages.
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CONRAD, MARKUS, CARLOS J. ÁLVAREZ, OLIVIA AFONSO, and ARTHUR M. JACOBS. "Sublexical modulation of simultaneous language activation in bilingual visual word recognition: The role of syllabic units." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18, no. 4 (November 18, 2014): 696–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728914000443.
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We addressed the question of whether syllabic units of the presented language would activate words containing these syllables in the nonpresented language. In two lexical decision experiments using Spanish and German words presented to two groups of late Spanish–German and German–Spanish bilinguals and to two monolingual control groups, target words’ syllable-frequency in the nonpresented language was manipulated. Inhibitory effects of syllable-frequency in the nonpresented language were found only when Spanish–German bilinguals read German L2 words– suggesting that L2 sublexical syllabic units activated L1 syllabic neighbors’ representations that would interfere with L2 target processing. On the contrary, no inhibitory effects but rather a facilitation tendency due to syllable-frequency from the nonpresented German language was obtained for both groups of bilinguals reading Spanish words. This dissociation concerning the spread of activation from sublexical units to lexical representations from bilinguals’ two languages is discussed in terms of structural differences between the two languages.
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MCS. Shathifa and Asem Shehadeh Ali. "Similarities and differences between phonological phenomena in Arabic and Tamil languages: syllable-focused study." Al-Jawhar : Journal of Arabic Language 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.69493/ajoal.v2i1.39.
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Phonological phenomena mean the rules and phonetic characteristics that help to build words and vocabulary, create and use speech, and differentiate between them according to context. Accordingly, in a language there are phonetic units that are studied at non-structual level and structual level. They have an impact on teaching the Arabic language to native speakers in general and to non-native speakers in particular. Errors in phonetic phenomena lead to linguistic errors. The research problem is defined by the question: “Is there a similarity in the syllable system of phonological phenomena between the Arabic and Tamil languages, which are from two different language families? This research aims to clarify the syllabic system of phonological phenomena between Arabic and Tamil languages, and to identify the similarities and differences in syllabic system of phonological phenomena between them. This research relies on qualitative methodology under contrastive descriptive analysis to identify similarities and differences in phonological phenomena between the languages. Secondary data were gathered from books, researches and literary studies. This research titled “Similarities and differences between phonological phenomena in Arabic and Tamil languages: syllable-focused study” finds that the syllables are divided based on length and the closing and opening in the two languages are in the same form. There are no two consecutive consonants at the beginning of the word in them. In terms of differences, the Arabic syllable begins with a consonant only, and there is no Arabic syllable that begins with a vowel, while the Tamil syllable begins with a consonant and a vowel. More than two consonants can not exceed in the middle of the Arabic word, meanwhile can exceed in Tamil. The places where the syllables occur in the two languages are differed according to characteristics of both languages. The Arabic syllable system is very similar to Tamil language.
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Roberts-Smith, Jennifer. "Thomas Campion’s iambic and quantitative Sapphic: Further evidence for phonological weight in Elizabethan English quantitative and non-quantitative meters." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 21, no. 4 (November 2012): 381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947012444952.
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Fulfilling a central goal of a generation of Elizabethan English metrical theory often referred to as the ‘quantitative movement’, Thomas Campion succeeded in demonstrating the role of syllable quantity, or phonological weight, in Elizabethan iambic pentameter. Following Kristin Hanson (2001, 2006), this article parses Campion’s scansions of Early Modern English syllables, according to moraic theory, into resolved moraic trochees. The analysis demonstrates that (1) Campion distinguished between syllable weight (syllable quantity) and stress or strength (accent) in Early Modern English; (2) Campion prohibited syllabic consonants in English iambic pentameter, despite the fact that they were attested in Early Modern English as a whole; (3) in a successful adaptation of the Latin rule of ‘position’, as described by William Lily and John Colet’s Short Introduction of Grammar (1567), Campion re-syllabified coda consonants followed by vowels; and (4) Campion employed syllabic elision as a means of avoiding pyrrhic syllable combinations that resulted in non-maximal filling of long positions in a line of English iambic pentameter. His two iambic pentameters – the ‘pure’ and the ‘licentiate’ – are both accentual and quantitative meters that, in accordance with moraic theory, integrate stress and strength with syllable weight. He contrasted stress and weight in the quantitative Sapphic lyric ‘Come let us sound with melodie’ (Campion, 1601). Hanson’s (2001, 2006) reconsideration of the role of syllable quantity in Elizabethan metrical theory and Elizabethan poetry should be continued.
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Zhang, Ling. "Syllable isochrony and the prosodic features of stop syllables in Cantonese." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 23, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 20–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00098.zha.
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Abstract Cantonese is a syllable-timed language: that is, the syllable is the isochronous unit of speech. However, in Cantonese, there is a type of closed syllable with the stop codas [-p], [-t], or [-k] (i.e. syllables with the so called “entering-tones”) which sound much shorter than other syllables. On the surface, the shorter duration of stop syllables and the general prosodic feature of syllable-isochrony seem to conflict. This study conducted acoustic investigations of stop syllables in Cantonese in different contexts (i.e. in isolated form, in disyllabic words, and in disyllabic words located at the beginning, middle, and final positions of sentences). The results showed that stop syllables alone are shorter than non-stop syllables in various contexts. However, in disyllabic words or in sentences, there is a supplementary lengthening effect immediately after the stop syllables: there is more acoustic blank, and in some circumstances the initial of the following syllable is lengthened. Therefore, we propose that the phonetic realization of syllable isochrony is beyond the syllable itself in Cantonese. The results and discussions of this study may also shed light on the problem of the disappearance of “entering tones” from various Chinese dialects.
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Vepretskii, Sergei, and Albert Davletshin. "A Possible [tze] Syllable and its Associates in Maya Writing." Estudios de Cultura Maya 59 (February 7, 2022): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.59.22x871.
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The decipherment of the Maya script is still far from completion and awaits the interpretation of a considerable number of logograms and syllabic signs. This paper is dedicated to the composite sign that has been previously considered a ligature of two syllabic signs, tzo and ko. The present analysis shows that these two graphic elements are never written separately and that the ko-like element differs from the other ko syllables attested in the corresponding inscriptions. The sign is found in the context of other syllables involving the mid-front e vowel, implying a previously unrecognized Ce syllable, with “C” standing for an unknown consonant. In Palenque, the sign follows the le syllable; the combination of these two signs is attested in the position of a predicate, which might be interpreted as the verb letz-e, “he/she climbed, went up”. The data collected allow us to propose the phonetic reading tze and fill one more gap in the Maya syllabic grid.
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Kehoe, Margaret, and Carol Stoel-Gammon. "Truncation Patterns in English-Speaking Children's Word Productions." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 3 (June 1997): 526–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4003.526.
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This study examines English-speaking children's truncation patterns (i.e., syllable deletion patterns) in multisyllabic words to determine if they are consistent with metrical constraints or perceptual biases. It also examines segmental influences on children's truncations. Children, age 22–34 months, produced three-syllable novel and real words and four-syllable real words, which varied across stress and segmental pattern. Results revealed a significant stress pattern effect on truncation rate, but findings were not consistent with metrical or perceptual salience predictions. The clearest account of the findings came from an analysis of truncation rate across individual words: Children truncated WSW (weak-strong-weak) words and words that contained intervocalic sonorants more frequently than other words. Analysis of truncation patterns in SWW and SWSW words revealed that final unstressed syllables were more frequently preserved than nonfinal unstressed syllables. Findings support the interaction between metrical, syllabic, and acoustic salience factors in children's multisyllabic word productions.
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Sebina, Boikanyego, and Thapelo Joseph Otlogetswe. "Syllable Structure in Setswana Personal Names." Вопросы Ономастики 20, no. 2 (2023): 174–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2023.20.2.020.
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The study analyses the characteristics of syllables in personal names of the Setswana (Tswana) language (Sotho subgroup of the Bantu languages, Southern Africa). The authors focus on 1,001 most frequent names extracted from a dataset of 1,093,265 names using Wordsmith Tools. Of all the studied names, 55.5% are male, while 40.2% are female and 4.3% — unisex names. Most Setswana names have three syllables followed by those with four syllables (more than 70% of the studied personal names are either three or four syllable names), five syllable names are the third most common, while six syllable names are rare in Setswana. The study reveals that in female names, the first and penultimate (perceptually most prominent) syllables statistically more often end in front vowels, while in male names, in the same positions, back vowels are more frequent. At the same time, the last phoneme in most female names is a back vowel, while most of male names end in front vowels. Female names also more often terminate in syllabic constants compared to male names. All this suggests that in Setswana, there are distinct patterns for male and female names, which means that Setswana speakers are phonologically aware of the relations between the gender of a person and the phonological form of his or her name. These patterns found in Setswana are compared to what is known about the syllable structure of personal names in English and French. The results demonstrate that the phonological patterns in Setswana personal names may display sound symbolism.
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González-Alvarez, Julio, and María-Angeles Palomar-García. "Syllable Frequency and Spoken Word Recognition." Psychological Reports 119, no. 1 (July 22, 2016): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294116654449.
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Research has shown that syllables play a relevant role in lexical access in Spanish, a shallow language with a transparent syllabic structure. Syllable frequency has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on visual word recognition in Spanish. However, no study has examined the syllable frequency effect on spoken word recognition. The present study tested the effect of the frequency of the first syllable on recognition of spoken Spanish words. A sample of 45 young adults (33 women, 12 men; M = 20.4, SD = 2.8; college students) performed an auditory lexical decision on 128 Spanish disyllabic words and 128 disyllabic nonwords. Words were selected so that lexical and first syllable frequency were manipulated in a within-subject 2 × 2 design, and six additional independent variables were controlled: token positional frequency of the second syllable, number of phonemes, position of lexical stress, number of phonological neighbors, number of phonological neighbors that have higher frequencies than the word, and acoustical durations measured in milliseconds. Decision latencies and error rates were submitted to linear mixed models analysis. Results showed a typical facilitatory effect of the lexical frequency and, importantly, an inhibitory effect of the first syllable frequency on reaction times and error rates.
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Galieva, Alfiya, and Zhanna Vavilova. "Initial and Final Syllables in Tatar- from Phonotactics to Morphology." Glottometrics, no. 50 (May 1, 2021): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53482/2021_50_388.
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The paper proposes a methodology for analyzing the syllabic structure of Tatar words using fiction text data. Syllable construction rules are unique for each language as they are determined by the laws that govern its specific internal structure. However, the issue of the syllable finds a rather superficial description in Tatar grammars. Thus, possible correlations of the syllable structure with morphological features of the language will be examined in this paper. We analyze the distribution of syllable types in Tatar texts and represent their ranked frequencies and theoretical values fitted by means of the Zipf Mandelbrot distribution. The main part of the study is devoted to inquiry into the structure of initial and final syllables. We proceed from the hypothesis that distributions of syllable structures in word-initial and word-final positions should be marked by statistically important differences due to discriminative structural features of stems and affixal chains. The study is based on a selection of obstruent and sonorant consonants. To evaluate statistical significance of these differences, the well-known chi square test is applied.
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Buckley, Eugene. "Core syllables vs. moraic writing." Written Language and Literacy 21, no. 1 (November 2, 2018): 26–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.00009.buc.
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Abstract It is generally accepted that the units of writing systems represent categories found in spoken language; in phonographic writing, these categories traditionally include the syllable and segment, which correspond to syllabic and alphabetic systems. But it has been claimed that some or most “syllabaries” are actually based on moras, well known from phonological theory as units of syllable weight. I argue that apparent moraic systems are in fact built on signs that stand for core CV syllables, and consequently that moras do not appear to play a central role in any writing system.
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Gerken, Louann. "A metrical template account of children's weak syllable omissions from multisyllabic words." Journal of Child Language 21, no. 3 (October 1994): 565–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009466.
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ABSTRACTYoung children learning English as well as many other languages frequently omit weakly stressed syllables from multisyllabic words. In particular, they are more likely to omit weak syllables from word-initial positions than from word-internal or -final positions. For example, the weak syllable of a weak-strong (WS) word likegiraffeis much more likely to be omitted than the weak syllable of a SW word liketiger. Three hypotheses for this omission pattern have been offered. In two, children's weak syllable omissions reflect innate perceptual biases either to ignore initial weak syllables or to encode word-final syllables. In contrast, the SW Production Template Hypothesis states that children have a template for producing a strong syllable followed by an optional weak syllable. When they apply a series of SW templates to their intended utterances, weak syllables that do not fit the templates are more likely to be omitted than those that do. To compare the three hypotheses, young two-year-olds were asked to say four-syllable SWWS and WSWS nonsense words. Children's pattern of weak syllable preservations was highly consistent with the SW production template hypothesis, but not with the perception-based hypotheses. Implications of this research for children's function morpheme omissions and for the relation of metrical and segmental production templates are discussed.
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Shaw, Jason, Adamantios I. Gafos, Philip Hoole, and Chakir Zeroual. "Syllabification in Moroccan Arabic: evidence from patterns of temporal stability in articulation." Phonology 26, no. 1 (May 2009): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675709001754.
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AbstractCompeting proposals on the syllabification of initial consonants in Moroccan Arabic are evaluated using a combination of experimental and modelling techniques. The proposed model interprets an input syllable structure as a set of articulatory landmarks coordinated in time. This enables the simulation of temporal patterns associated with the input syllable structure under different noise conditions. Patterns of stability between landmarks simulated by the model are matched to patterns in data collected with Electromagnetic Articulometry experiments. The results implicate a heterosyllabic parse of initial clusters so that strings like /sbu/ comprise two syllables, [s.bu]. Beyond this specific result for Moroccan Arabic, the model reveals the range of validity of certain stability-based indexes of syllable structure and generates predictions that allow evaluation of a syllabic parse even when stability-based heuristics break down. Overall, the paper provides support for the broad hypothesis that syllable structure is reflected in patterns of temporal stability and contributes analytical tools to evaluate competing theories on the basis of these patterns.
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Troyer, Todd W., Michael S. Brainard, and Kristofer E. Bouchard. "Timing during transitions in Bengalese finch song: implications for motor sequencing." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1556–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00296.2017.
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To investigate mechanisms of action sequencing, we examined the relationship between timing and sequencing of syllables in Bengalese finch song. An individual’s song comprises acoustically distinct syllables organized into probabilistic sequences: a given syllable potentially can transition to several different syllables (divergence points), and several different syllables can transition to a given syllable (convergence points). In agreement with previous studies, we found that more probable transitions at divergence points occur with shorter intersyllable gaps. One intuition for this relationship is that selection between syllables reflects a competitive branching process, in which stronger links to one syllable lead to both higher probabilities and shorter latencies for transitions to that syllable vs. competing alternatives. However, we found that simulations of competitive race models result in overlapping winning-time distributions for competing outcomes and fail to replicate the strong negative correlation between probability and gap duration found in song data. Further investigation of song structure revealed strong positive correlation between gap durations for transitions that share a common convergent point. Such transitions are not related by a common competitive process, but instead reflect a common terminal syllable. In contrast to gap durations, transition probabilities were not correlated at convergence points. Together, our data suggest that syllable selection happens early during the gap, with gap timing determined chiefly by the latency to syllable initiation. This may result from a process in which probabilistic sequencing is first stabilized, followed by a shortening of the latency to syllables that are sung more often. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bengalese finch songs consist of probabilistic sequences of syllables. Previous studies revealed a strong negative correlation between transition probability and the duration of intersyllable gaps. We show here that the negative correlation is inconsistent with previous suggestions that timing at syllable transitions is governed by a race between competing alternatives. Rather, the data suggest that syllable selection happens early during the gap, with gap timing determined chiefly by the latency to syllable initiation.
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Zeroual, Mansour. "Syllable Variation Impact on Brand Name Preference." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.10.8.
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The current body of research in the language of advertising deals with the nature of segments, vowel quality, consonants, and vowel voicing, yet relatively little is understood about the impact of syllables on participants' behavior. This paper investigates syllable variation in brand names on customers' preferences in the language of advertising. A correlational-exploratory research design has been adopted. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire containing 40 fictitious brand names organized in two lists of 10 pairs. The first 10 pairs varied in terms of syllable type (open/ closed syllable), while the second 10 pairs varied in terms of syllable number (monosyllabic and disyllabic/ multisyllabic. The Participants were asked to choose from the first and second 10 pairs. Based on their responses, I calculated the Phi correlation coefficient (rφ) to determine the correlation between variations at the syllabic level and brand name preference. The results revealed that there is a strong correlation between syllable variation in brand names and participants’ preference with (p < .05) and (rφ=.436).In addition, participants preferred brand names containing open syllables. Moreover, Participants generally preferred disyllabic brand names. However, participants chose multisyllabic brand names over monosyllabic ones when choosing between the two. The obtained results have been very promising as they represent an initial step toward a framework that covers all variables in the language of advertising. Future work will concentrate on creating an exhaustive framework covering other stylistic and linguistic variables.
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METSALA, JAMIE L., and GINA M. CHISHOLM. "The influence of lexical status and neighborhood density on children's nonword repetition." Applied Psycholinguistics 31, no. 3 (June 4, 2010): 489–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716410000081.
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ABSTRACTThis study examined effects of lexical status and neighborhood density of constituent syllables on children's nonword repetition and interactions with nonword length. Lexical status of the target syllable impacted repetition accuracy for the longest nonwords. In addition, children made more errors that changed a nonword syllable to a word syllable than the reverse. Syllables from dense versus sparse neighborhoods were repeated more accurately in three- and four-syllable nonwords, but there was no effect of density for two-syllable nonwords. The effect of neighborhood density was greater for a low versus high vocabulary group. Finally, children's error responses were from more dense neighborhoods than the target syllables. The results are congruent with models of nonword repetition that emphasize the influence of long-term lexical knowledge on children's performance.
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藤田守, 藤田守. "探討日語發話中連續CV音節及其習得之確立性－以3音節詞和4音節詞無義詞為例－." 台灣應用日語研究 32, no. 32 (December 2023): 109–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199875792023120032005.
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<p>正確、流利的使用日語乃是所有外國人學習日語的目標。然而，以中文為母語的日語學習者（以下簡稱CNJ）對於五十音無法熟記等問題亦時有所聞。此問題恐與CNJ發話時日語的CV音節過長有關。該如何有效解決此問題乃當務之急。因此，本研究是以6名的CNJ與3名東京腔的日語母語者(以下簡稱JN)為對象，運用日語音聲的特徵以輕聲無義詞來指導，加以確認CNJ是否可利用連續的短CV音節發出日語適當的音節長。通過本實驗研究，比較CNJ（指導前後）和JN的差異，針對單詞、詞語、短句發話中的3音節和4音節無義詞，分析其是否可正確區分CV音節長度。研究結果顯示，指導前CNJ的3音節與4音節的音節長度分布與JN之間具有顯著差異，且音節的高低傾向與JN的音長伸縮率也呈現出差異性。然而，經筆者指導後，CNJ與JN之間的差異已不復見。換言之，我們認為與JN相近之CV音節長度，如在日語音節長度記憶的時間範圍內，則可視為連續短CV音節的日語發話基礎已確立。由此可見，以連續輕聲音節為主的無義詞為基準，並記住日語連續短CV音節長度，足以產出適當的音節長度，得知通過一連串的指導可盡早學習到日語的正確發音。日語連續短CV音節發話基礎的確立，是為解決CNJ與JN的CV音節長度認知差異的有效方法。另，掌握對立長音節間的語音差異，對日語特殊節拍的學習效果亦具一定成效。</p> <p> </p><p>Accurate and fluent linguistic performance is the goal of language acquisition for foreign learners of Japanese. However, some native Chinese learners (hereinafter referred to as CNJ) complain that they cannot memorize the Japanese syllabary. This is related to the excessively long CV syllables of Japanese produced by CNJ, and prompt resolution of this issue is required.In this research, from the viewpoint of whether it is possible to reproduce the appropriate syllable length by short CV syllables using the meaningless words of 0 tone syllables. As a quasi-experimental study, using the three-syllable and four-syllable test words, including words, phrases, and short sentences by 6 CNJs and 3 native speakers of Tokyo dialect (hereafter referred to as JN) to conduct an experiment.As a result, the syllable length of CNJ (before instruction) for both three-syllable and four-syllable words was significantly more than JN and was also shown in the difference in expansion and contraction rate of syllable length from JN. But after instruction, no significant difference observed, which is close to JN. It shows that the basis of Japanese utterances based on consecutive short CV syllables has already been established.It was confirmed that it is possible to produce an appropriate syllable length by recalling the points of continuous short CV syllables of Japanese, based on meaningless words with continuous o tone syllables. Establishment of the base of utterances by consecutive short CV syllables of Japanese is a standard for resolving discrepancies in CV syllable lengths and grasping the phonetic differences between long syllables. It is also expected to serve as a basis for mastering special syllable.</p> <p> </p>
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Jubran AL-Mamri, Muhammed. "A Generative Phonology: Syllable Structure of Hajji Yemeni Arabic." JL3T (Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching) 9, no. 2 (November 29, 2023): 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jl3t.v9i2.6089.
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This study deals with the syllable structure of Hajji Yemeni Arabic (HYA) in the light of Generative Phonology. Hajji Yemeni Arabic is a variation of Arabic spoken in the northwestern part of Yemen, which tries to elaborate and discuss the elements of syllable structure and possibilities of patterns of syllables in a term of consonants and vowels. The main aim of this study is to investigate the syllabification patterns of Hajji Yemeni Arabic, hereafter referred to as (HYA). Through qualitative phenomenology, this study analyzed the different syllabification patterns attested in Hajji Yemeni Arabic and a comprehensive analysis of the syllable shape within the framework of Generative Phonology. The findings of the study; Hajji Yemeni Arabic has five patterns of syllables: (monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic, tetrasyllabic and pentasyllabic). Hajji Yemeni Arabic prohibits initial consonant clusters, but consonant clusters are permitted in the coda position, and the maximum number of permitted consonants is two only. No vowel occurs word-initially, and every syllable must begin with one and only one consonant sound (simple onset). Hajji Yemeni Arabic has two kinds of syllables: open syllables, as in the syllable shapes /CV/ and /CV:/, while closed syllables, as in the syllable shapes /CVC/, /CV:CC/, /CV:C/ and /CVCC/.
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Liu, Minqi. "English adaptation in Mandarin A-not-A constructions." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v4i1.4552.
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A-not-A refers to a Mandarin reduplication construction where the underlying form /RED-pu-A/ contains a reduplication of the first syllable in A. In this study I investigate the kinds of adaptations that occur when an English word serves as the base A in code-switching speech. Since the complex onsets and most codas allowed in English are illegal in Mandarin syllables, the reduplicated part is expected to adapt to Mandarin phonotactics to some degree. I ran a production experiment where 20 native Mandarin-speakers were asked to produce A-not-A constructions with 55 mono- and multi-syllabic English words. Results from the experiment showed varied adaptation methods in syllable structure and tones. To model the results, I used the Maximum Entropy Harmonic Grammar (MaxEnt) with weighted constraints on syllable structure markedness and base-reduplicant faithfulness.
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Asherov, Daniel, and Outi Bat-El. "Syllable structure and complex onsets in Modern Hebrew." Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 11, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01101007.
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Abstract Modern Hebrew allows for a diverse variety of syllable structures, allowing syllables with codas, onsetless syllables, and complex syllable margins. Syllables with a complex onset are found in word initial position, mostly in nouns, and syllables with a complex coda are less common. In this paper, we provide the distribution of syllable types in Modern Hebrew, noting differences between verbs and nouns, native words and loanwords, as well as differences among positions within the word. Special attention is given to word initial complex onsets, with details regarding the restrictions governing consonant combinations.
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Khudoyberdiev, Khurshed A. "The Algorithms of Tajik Speech Synthesis by Syllable." ITM Web of Conferences 35 (2020): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203507003.
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This article is devoted to the development of a prototype of a computer synthesizer of Tajik speech by the text. The need for such a synthesizer is caused by the fact that its analogues for other languages not only help people with visual and speech defects, but also find more and more application in communication technology, information and reference systems. In the future, such programs will take their proper place in the broad acoustic dialogue of humans with automatic machines and robotics in various fields of human activity. The article describes the prototype of the Tajik computer synthesizer by the text developed by the author, which is constructed on the principle of a concatenative synthesizer, in which the syllable is chosen as the speech unit, which in turn, indicates the need for the most complete description of the variety of Tajik language syllables. To study the patterns of the Tajik language associated with the concept of syllable, it was introduced the concept of “syllabic structure of the word”. It is obtained the statistical distribution of structures, i.e. a correspondence is established between the syllabic structures of words and the frequencies of their occurrence in texts in the Tajik language. It is proposed an algorithm for breaking Tajik words into syllables, implemented as a computer program. A solution to the problem of Tajik speech synthesis from an arbitrary text is proposed. The article describes the computer implementation of the algorithm for syncronization of words, numbers, characters and text. For each syllable the corresponding sound realization is extracted from the “syllable-sound” database, then the sound of the word is synthesized from the extracted elements.
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Shigeko, Shinohara. "The roles of the syllable and the mora in Japanese: Adaptation of French words." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 25, no. 1 (February 27, 1996): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-02501005.
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In Japanese adaptations of French words, we find two principal mechanisms that show the roles of the syllable and the mora: (1) syllable structure adjustment, which syllabifies French segments into well-formed Japanese syllables by means of vowel epenthesis; (2) syllable weight preservation, which creates heavy syllables for French word-final syllables closed by a single consonant or by an obstruent-liquid cluster, which are perceived by Japanese speakers as being heavy (i.e., containing two moras). Depending on various conditions, such heavy syllables are created either by lengthening the vowel or by geminating the final consonant
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Brendel, Bettina, Michael Erb, Axel Riecker, Wolfgang Grodd, Hermann Ackermann, and Wolfram Ziegler. "Do We Have a “Mental Syllabary” in the Brain? An fMRI Study." Motor Control 15, no. 1 (January 2011): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.15.1.34.
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The present study combines functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and reaction time (RT) measurements to further elucidate the influence of syllable frequency and complexity on speech motor control processes, i.e., overt reading of pseudowords. Tying in with a recent fMRI-study of our group we focused on the concept of a mental syllabary housing syllable sized ready-made motor plans for high- (HF), but not low-frequency (LF) syllables. The RT-analysis disclosed a frequency effect weakened by a simultaneous complexity effect for HF-syllables. In contrast, the fMRI data revealed no effect of syllable frequency, but point to an impact of syllable structure: Compared with CV-items, syllables with a complex onset (CCV) yielded higher hemodynamic activation in motor “execution” areas (left sensorimotor cortex, right inferior cerebellum), which is at least partially compatible with our previous study. We discuss the role of the syllable in speech motor control.
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Verma, Diksha. "THE SYLLABLE STRUCTURE IN NAGPURI (SADRI)." Journal of English Language and Literature 09, no. 03 (2022): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54513/joell.2022.9301.
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With the aid of certain specific instances, this study aims to offer a quick overview of the syllable structure in Nagpuri (Sadri). There is also a small remark about Nagpuri (Sadri). This language belongs to the Indo-Aryan family, according to Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India. The description in this paper is based on the background research limited to fieldwork in the districts of Ranchi, Palamu, Lohardaga (where the language is predominantly spoken). There are also some books, essays, articles and thesis accessible in the language. Around 5,108,691 people who were native speakers of Nagpuri (Sadri) were counted in the 2011 Census. The purpose of this study is to explore the syllabic structures of Nagpuri (Sadri). The Nagpuri (Sadri) language has a hexasyllabic word structure which is further divided into two sorts of syllables: open syllables and close syllables.
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Suhery, Dedy, Happy Sri Rezeki Purba, Mohammad Hamid Raza, and Khairun Nisah. "A Phonological Property of Syllable Structure and Economy in Urdu: An OT Account." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (May 18, 2019): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i3.805.
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Abstract
This paper contains the phonological properties of the syllable structures and the economical procedures of the words in the Urdu language. The paper determines the behavior of certain segments that attach to its own neighboring words and elaborates the economy of the syllable structure of tokens in a particular language. In Urdu, there are various types of segmental processes in terms of addition or deletion of phonemes that affects to root and alters the entire physical mechanism structure of words. The objectives of this paper are to know the exact economic conditions of syllable structures in the words after the addition or elision of segments in the Urdu language. All the process of conflicts between the segments will manipulate by the help of constraint rankings in Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993). The general purpose of this paper is to reveal the whole criteria of implications of principles of Optimality theory and explore the actual framework of syllables with their marginal and obligatory components. The researcher governs the phonological property of consonant clusters with the help of faithfulness constraints and markedness constraints. The architecture of root word completely varies from the artificial formulation of other words, but after the imposition of constraints, we reveal the concrete fact of linguistic items in a specific language. The groundwork of this paper leads to the systematic phenomena of epenthesis and elimination of vowels or consonants with the tenets of OT. In this study, the researcher conveys the representations of consonant clusters and how the adjacent consonants parse by the effect of the extraneous segment in the syllable structure of words. The researcher considers the typology of the syllable structure of words and the phonological observations of linguistic features. This paper deals with the gradient property of segments that alters the framework of underlying form and affected by some other features at the surface form. The generalization of each step of the syllable structure of words should be related to the positional variation of input and output candidates. The conflicts between input and output candidates to become the winner as an optimal candidate can be solved only on the presence of constraint rankings that are evolving in the Optimality Theory. The central idea of this paper delineated the reflection of surface forms that create conflicts between other candidates, solve only through the use of constraints of Optimality Theory. A surface form may be optimal in the sense of least serious violations of a set of violable constraints in a language hierarchy of constraints. It is considered that syllable structure with the phonological and phonetic representation of forms is the major ingredient generalization of the structure of words in a particular language. It is a crucial aspect of a sequence of segments to organize in a well-formed structure after the intervention of vowels and consonants because syllable governs the account of epenthesis and elimination process. In the pattern of sequence of segments in the syllables, there is the process of epenthesis and deletion of phonemes that creates a new wave of segmental processes. This paper determines the syllabic well-formedness turn out of instantiation that refers to the conflicts between faithfulness and well-formedness structure of words regarding the syllables. The range of syllables and the economic property of words in the individual languages rise by the interactions of well-formedness and faithfulness constraints. The basic provision of this paper is to know the precise nature of the typology of the syllable structure in the words and explores how OT captures the well-formedness constraints of input and output candidates. Our whole discussion in this paper will draw on the typological representation of Optimality Theory and the logical results of Prince and Smolensky (1993) that are transposed into a correspondence format. After the analysis of the structural typology of syllables and epenthesis in the Urdu language, we will develop the factorial typology of syllabic well-formedness and faithfulness constraints in the words. We will elaborate on the major factors of constraints and epenthesis at the level of cross-linguistic properties of a particular language. In this study, we will learn how a range of phonological factors of syllable structures triggered by the markedness constraints that is depending on the formal features of faithfulness constraints. It is investigated that unity and diversity at the level of syllable structure are oriented by OT due to the interaction between deep and surface forms to mark the constraints in various repair strategies. It is the process of relating the ranking of different faithfulness constraints with the result of the typological observation of candidates. This paper determines that the factorial typology of the syllable structure of words is based on the Correspondence Theory (McCarthy and Prince 1995) that is a sub-theory of faithfulness constraints allowing a limited set of structural changes such as; addition, deletion, insertion, fusion, featural changes, etc. The central goal of this paper is to shed light on the core behavior of OT principles that are applied to the syllables of the words to find out the exact tokens of a particular language. It is examined that the universality of constraint rankings is sketched by the application of linguistic theory with the notions of ‘possible grammatical processes' and possible interactions of processes'. Some experts provided the values of syllable structures with the tenets of OT as the unmarked value for open or closed syllables. It is a type of assumption that some languages may or may not be open syllables (CV) and closed syllables (VC), while the notion of universality represents all aspects of syllables in all existing languages. This paper reveals that the notion of markedness constraints and faithfulness constraints is not only relevant to the sound system but also proposes to the syllable structure of words and their economy in a particular language. In addition to that, I also apply some better-known arguments originally adduce in support of constraint rankings.
Keywords: Optimality Theory; Syllable Structure; Economy; Segmental Processes; Syllable Typology
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Shuiskaya, Tatiana V. "SYLLABLE STRUCTURE OF WORDS IN THE SPEECH OF 3-YEAR-OLDS." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 1 (2017): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2017_3_1_124_135.
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The way children acquire syllable structure of words characterizes the level of their speech development. It is assumed that 3=year=olds without any disorders do not have any difficulties with constructing syllables. The current paper describes the results of an acoustic study of word syllable structure in the speech of twenty Russian 3=year=old subjects. 75% of them demonstrated from 3 to 7 syllable structure changes. The maximum of 13,2% of the total of 53 words were characterized by those changes. There were examples of word-initial single-consonant elision, syllable elision, syllable transposition, sounds transposition, insertions of hard and soft forelingual /l/ and /lʲ/ into a syllable, and anticipation. Consonant cluster reduction was also noticed; it did not change the number of syllables in words. Clusters that were more and less resistant to reduction were determined.
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Ridouane, Rachid. "Syllables without vowels: phonetic and phonological evidence from Tashlhiyt Berber." Phonology 25, no. 2 (August 2008): 321–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675708001498.
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It has been proposed that Tashlhiyt is a language which allows any segment, including obstruents, to be a syllable nucleus. The most striking and controversial examples taken as arguments in favour of this analysis involve series of words claimed to contain only obstruents. This claim is disputed in some recent work, where it is argued that these consonant sequences contain schwas that can be syllable nuclei. This article presents arguments showing that vowelless syllables do exist in Tashlhiyt, both at the phonetic and phonological levels. Acoustic, fibrescopic and photoelectroglottographic examination of voiceless words (e.g. [tkkststt]) provide evidence that such items lack syllabic vocalic elements. In addition, two types of phonological data, metrics and a spirantisation process, are presented to show that in this language schwa is not a segment which can be independently manipulated by phonological grammar and which can be referred to the syllable structure.
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Michaud, Alexis, and He Xueguang. "Reassociated tones and coalescent syllables in Naxi (Tibeto-Burman)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37, no. 3 (December 2007): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002510030700309x.
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The Western dialect of Naxi has four lexical tones: High, Mid, Low and Rising; the latter is rare in the lexicon. Rising contours on monosyllables are frequent in connected speech, however, as a result of a process of syllable reduction: reduction of a morpheme carrying the High tone results in re-association of its tone to the syllable that precedes it in the sentence, creating a rising contour. An experiment (with one speaker and five listeners) establishes that there is not only one rising contour that originates in tonal reassociation, as reported in earlier descriptions, but two: Low-to-High and Mid-to-High – as could be expected by analogy with phenomena observed in Niger-Congo languages and elsewhere. A second set of experiments (same speaker; six listeners) investigates the reduction of Mid- and Low-tone syllables: they reduce to [] and [], respectively, and coalesce with the preceding syllable (in Naxi, syllabic structure is simply consonant + glide + vowel). Unlike High-tone syllable reduction, this process stops short of complete tonal de-linking. These experiments aim to provide a complete picture of syllable reduction patterns in Naxi. It is argued that the notions of floating tones and tonal reassociation can be usefully applied to the Naxi data.
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Kliukienė, Regina. "Vietovardžių apibendrintų skiemens modelių statistinė analizė." Lietuvių kalba, no. 1 (December 27, 2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2007.22898.
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The article deals with the syllable structure of toponyms and with the general regularities of the syllable phonotactics. The experiment has been carried out using the original software SKIEMUO. PAS. (the programming language Turbo Pascal. 7), developed by A. Girdenis. The results obtained can be summarised as follows: toponyms account for 22 generalised structures; the CV type syllable structure is the most productive; vowel syllables prevail; open covered asymmetrical syllables are more common than others; polynomial consonant clusters in toponyms are rare; toponyms are polysyllabic words; their average length is 3.128 syllables.
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_, Arifin, Surya Sumpeno, Mochamad Hariadi, and Arry Maulana Syarif. "Development of Indonesian Text-to-Audiovisual Synthesis System Using Syllable Concatenation Approach to Support Indonesian Learning." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 12, no. 02 (February 28, 2017): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i02.6384.
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This study aims to develop of Indonesian Text-to-Audiovisual synthesis system using syllable concatenation approach to support Indonesian learning. This system can visualize the syllable pronunciation synchronized with the speech signal so that it can provide a realistic illustration of the articulator movement when each phoneme is pronounced. Syllable concatenation approach is used to realize a realistic visualization by assembling articulation and coarticulation in the form of syllables. In the development of the system, we have recorded speech database in the syllables form which refers to the patterns of syllables in Indonesian. The syllable concatenation approach is used to concatenate viseme of each phoneme, and to form the visualization of syllable pronunciations. It is synchronized with the corresponding speech from the speech database. Evaluation of this system is conducted based on a "lips-reading" of the 10 Indonesian sentences entered into the system. Ratings are based on the degree of correspondence between the syllable pronunciation and the speech produced. Assessment of all respondents is calculated using MOS (Mean Opinion Score). The calculation results show that the Indonesian text-to-audiovisual system has produced the pronunciation visualization more realistic and smoother.
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Kamran, Umaima, Saira Maqbool, and Lubna Umar. "Syllable Structure of Pakistani English in Phonological Theory." Volume V Issue I V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 300–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-i).31.
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This article describes the syllable of Pakistani English (PE. It compares the syllable of PE with British English, in the light of concepts of syllabic (Chomsky and Halle, 1968), syllabification, template, syllable pattern, model of syllable structure, phonotactics and syllable weight. In the end, the following differences in syllabic phonology of PE and British English are summarized: In phonotactic constraints, one difference is found that is in the syllable of PE cluster of three consonants i.e. /s/, /p or t or k/, /l or r/ is allowed only in monosyllabic words, whereas word internally this cluster is not permissible. So, [ek.sklIUd] becomes [eks.klIUd] in PE; the weight of the syllable in PE is not only based on the quality of vowel but also the quality of consonant; in PE every syllable must contain vowel as a nucleus.
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Kurbanbaev, Dj, and Z. Jumaniyazova. "Syllable formation and syllable division in english." Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/innovations-in-edu-vol-iss1-pp51-52.
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As stated above the syllabic structure, as a component of the phonetic system, consists of syllable formation and syllable division which are in close relationship to each other. All theories of the syllable have more often attempted to explain the syllable formation, but the problem of the division has not been thoroughly investigated, which is both theoretically and practically important in language description. Nevertheless, it is possible to formulate some general rules of syllable formation and syllable division in English [1: 103].
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CHETAIL, FABIENNE, and STEPHANIE MATHEY. "Activation of syllable units during visual recognition of French words in Grade 2." Journal of Child Language 36, no. 4 (December 15, 2008): 883–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908009197.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to investigate the syllable activation hypothesis in French beginning readers. Second graders performed a lexical decision task in which bisyllabic words were presented in two colours that either matched the syllable boundaries or not. The data showed that the children were sensitive to syllable match and to syllable complexity. In addition, good readers were slowed down while poor readers were speeded up by syllable match. These findings suggest that syllables are functional units of lexical access in children and that syllable activation is influenced by reading level.
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Lobacheva, Marina V., and Svetlana V. Androsova. "ON THE STATUS AND MODIFICATIONS OF THE INTERNAL SYLLABLE STRUCTURE IN SYLLABIC LANGUAGES (BASED ON MANDARIN CHINESE)." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2017): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2016_2_4_23_40.
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The current paper touches upon two points of view on syllable nature in syllabic languages that are widely observed in literature. According to the first one, the syllable can be described as a grouping of smaller elements using the terms "phoneme," "allophone", "vowel", "consonant" that apply to non-syllabic languages. The second one is to regard the syllable as a minimal paradigmatic unit, similar to the phoneme in the non-syllabic languages. The obtained results enable to assume that such syllable constituents variation in Chinese spontaneous speech that might be a reflection of a common tendency in the Chinese speech flow.
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CANAULT, Mélanie, Naomi YAMAGUCHI, Nikola PAILLEREAU, Jennifer KRZONOWSKI, Johanna-Pascale ROY, Christophe DOS SANTOS, and Sophie KERN. "Syllable duration changes during babbling: a longitudinal study of French infant productions." Journal of Child Language 47, no. 6 (April 29, 2020): 1207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500092000015x.
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AbstractAt the babbling stage, the syllable does not have the temporal characteristics of adult syllables because of the infant's limited oro-motor skills. This research aims to further our knowledge of syllable duration and temporal variability and their evolution with age as an indicator of the development of articulatory skills. The possible impact of syllable position, as well as that of type of intrasyllabic associations and intersyllabic articulatory changes on these parameters has also been tested. Oral productions of 22 French infants were recorded monthly from 8 to 14 months. 11 261 Consonant-Vowel (CV) syllables were annotated and temporally analyzed. The mean duration varied according to syllable position, but not to the intrasyllabic or intersyllabic articulatory changes. Moreover, the syllable duration decreased significantly from the age of 10 months onwards, whereas the temporal variability remained the same.
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Schwartz, Richard G., and Lisa Goffman. "Metrical Patterns of Words and Production Accuracy." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 4 (August 1995): 876–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3804.876.
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This investigation examined the influence of metrical patterns of words (syllable stress and serial position) on the production accuracy of 20 children (22 to 28 months). The data were productions of six pairs of individualized two-syllable experimental words that referred to unfamiliar objects. Members of each pair differed only in the placement of stress (e.g., ['soti] vs. [so'ti]). Unstressed syllables were much more likely to be omitted, particularly at the beginning of words. Very few stressed syllables and unstressed second position syllables were omitted. One fourth of the word initial unstressed syllables were omitted. Consonant omissions, though few in number, tended to occur in initial position. Assimilation errors were not influenced by stress or serial position. When segmental errors due to syllable omissions were excluded, other consonant errors were not affected by stress or serial position. These findings indicate that young children's productions of syllables are influenced by the metrical patterns of words. However, the trochaic pattern of English is a statistical tendency, not an absolute constraint on two-syllable words. Metrical pattern also does not affect the consonant accuracy in syllables produced.
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Ambalegin, Ambalegin, and Afriana Afriana. "How to Perform English Word Stress on English Pronunciation." Anaphora : Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies 6, no. 1 (July 30, 2023): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/anaphora.v6i1.8714.
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Word stress is a suprasegmental feature in English pronunciation. The word stress supports the correct articulation of English pronunciation. This qualitative research revealed the position of stress in English words. This research captured the pattern of English word stress. There are several phonologists discussing the word stress such as Chomsky, Hale, and Giegerich. The data taken was from the Oxford English Dictionary and from the English native spoken by observing, reading, listening, and noting. The way to analyze the data applied the textual analysis. The result of this research is the pattern of the English word stress articulation. From this research, it is known that the number of syllables determines the position of the stress. The ultimate stress occurs in two-syllable words. The penultimate and antepenultimate syllables occur in the words which have more than two syllables. The stress in the first syllable occurs in one-syllable, two-syllable, three-syllable, and four-syllable words. Stress does not fall on the affixes. However, the stress falls on the preposition for phrasal verbs. There is variation of stress position on the compound nouns and noun phrases due to their formation. Knowing stress’ position while pronouncing English helps distinguish the meaning literally.
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ORIE, OLANIKE OLA. "Syllable asymmetries in comparative Yoruba phonology." Journal of Linguistics 36, no. 1 (March 2000): 39–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226799008130.
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Syllables display symmetrical and asymmetrical properties in two Yoruba dialects. In the asymmetrical dialect, only a vowel with an onset participates in syllable-conditioned processes; an onsetless vowel is syllabically inert. In the symmetrical dialect, a vowel, with or without an onset, participates in syllable processes. It is argued that onsetless vowels are not syllabified in the asymmetrical dialect. Since there is no phonological contrast between syllables with onsets and those without onsets in the symmetrical dialect, all vowels are parsed into syllables exhaustively. Using ideas from Optimality Theory, attested interdialectal variation is shown to follow from different rankings of the same syllable and faithfulness constraints.
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Garrido-Pozú, Juan José. "The Interplay of Syllable Structure and Consonant Sonority in L2 Speech Segmentation." Languages 9, no. 3 (March 18, 2024): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9030103.
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The present study investigated whether L1 and L2 Spanish speakers show sensitivity to matching/mismatching syllable structure and consonant sonority in lexical segmentation in Spanish. A total of 81 English–Spanish learners and 72 Spanish–English learners completed a fragment-monitoring task. They listened to lists of Spanish words as they saw a CV or CVC syllable (e.g., “pa” or “pal”) and pressed a button when the word began with the syllable shown on the screen. The task manipulated syllable structure (CV or CVC) and consonant sonority (fricative, nasal, or liquid) of target syllables and carrier words. Target syllables either matched or did not match the structure of the first syllable in target carrier words (e.g., “pa—pa.lo.ma”; “pa—pal.me.ra”). The results showed that consonant sonority modulated sensitivity to syllable structure in both groups of participants. Spanish–English learners responded faster to matching syllable structure in words that had a fricative or a nasal as the second consonant, and English–Spanish learners responded faster only with a fricative consonant. Higher L2 Spanish proficiency correlated with faster target-syllable identification, but sensitivity to matching/mismatching structure did not vary as a function of proficiency. The study highlights the influence of phonetic factors in the development of L2 lexical segmentation routines.
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Sinha, Rajkumari Monimala. "SYLLABLE STRUCTURE IN BISHNUPRIYA MANIPUR." Journal of English Language and Literature 09, no. 01 (2022): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54513/joell.2022.9109.
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The key purpose of this paper is to investigate the phonological aspect of syllable structure in Bishnupriya Manipuri. The language is spoken in the North-East Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Manipur, and Meghalaya, as well as in the neighbouring country Bangladesh. It is a member of the Eastern form of Indo-Aryan language family. According to India’s 2011 census report, the total population of Bishnupriya speakers is 79,646. The research area focuses on Bishnupriya speakers in the state of Assam. When it comes to nomenclature, the language is surrounded by a lot of controversy. Some people refer to it as Bishnupuriya, while others refer to it as Bishnupriya Manipuri or just Bishnupriya. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recently published a list of endangered languages, and Bishnupriya is listed as vulnerable on that list. The language doesn’t have a script of its own, so it uses the Bengali script. Bishnupriya's syllabic structure is V, VV, VC, VCV, VVC, CVC, CV, CVV, and so on. The different types of Bishnupriya syllables are: (i) Mono-Syllabic, (ii) DiSyllabic, (iii) Tri-Syllabic, (iv) Tetra-Syllabic, (v) Penta-Syllabic and (vi) HexaSyllabic.
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Horn, Andrew G. "Dawn song repertoires of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 1084–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-120.
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I describe the dawn songs of 38 male tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) recorded at five sites near Wolfville, Nova Scotia. Males deliver dawn song each morning during the hour before dawn, while flying elliptical paths above their nest sites. These dawn songs consist of syllables approximately 0.15 s long, delivered every 1.5 s. Each male has a recorded repertoire of one to seven discrete syllable types (average 2.6) and may repeat each syllable type an apparently random number of times before switching to the next. Most syllables could be classified on the basis of their structure into seven types, with much variation among renditions by different males of any given syllable type. Three of these syllable types were very similar to call notes that have specific uses at other times of day. Syllable types were randomly distributed among males and sites. In this species neither syllable type, the number of times each type is repeated (string length), nor the number of types a male sings (repertoire size) appears to carry particular messages or advertise male quality. Instead, syllable types may provide individual distinctiveness and variety in song sequences.
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Ross, Steven. "The ins and outs of paragoge and apocope in Japanese-English interphonology." Second Language Research 10, no. 1 (February 1994): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839401000101.
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Syllable structure in interphonology has consistently demarcated the initial phases of phonological transfer, as well as the basis for a putative universal preference for the open syllable. The manner in which syllable structure is continually reorganized during the processes of acquisition has, however, not attracted much attention. This article addresses two phenomena in the acquisition of second language syllable structure - a preference for open syllables, as manifest in paragoge, and a developmental process of final segment apocopation that applies to first language lexical items appearing under the domain of the second language intonational envelope. The data for the analyses come from spontaneous utterances produced by Japanese students of English as a foreign language. Results of two ten-factor variable-rule analyses suggest that paragogic epenthesis is conditioned by a syllable structure constraint based on the L1, and that variation in the type of segment epenthesized is governed by natural phonological constraints. Analyses of the apocope dataset indicate that acquisition of L2 stress patterns leads to a restructuring of the syllable structure constraint leading to suppression of open syllables in the L2.