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Journal articles on the topic 'Syncytiotrophoblasts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

McConkey, Cameron A., Elizabeth Delorme-Axford, Cheryl A. Nickerson, et al. "A three-dimensional culture system recapitulates placental syncytiotrophoblast development and microbial resistance." Science Advances 2, no. 3 (2016): e1501462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501462.

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In eutherians, the placenta acts as a barrier and conduit at the maternal-fetal interface. Syncytiotrophoblasts, the multinucleated cells that cover the placental villous tree surfaces of the human placenta, are directly bathed in maternal blood and are formed by the fusion of progenitor cytotrophoblasts that underlie them. Despite their crucial role in fetal protection, many of the events that govern trophoblast fusion and protection from microbial infection are unknown. We describe a three-dimensional (3D)–based culture model using human JEG-3 trophoblast cells that develop syncytiotrophobla

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2

Hemmings, D. G., R. Kilani, C. Nykiforuk, J. Preiksaitis, and L. J. Guilbert. "Permissive Cytomegalovirus Infection of Primary Villous Term and First Trimester Trophoblasts." Journal of Virology 72, no. 6 (1998): 4970–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.6.4970-4979.1998.

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ABSTRACT Forty percent of women with primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections during pregnancy infect their fetuses with complications for the baby varying from mild to severe. How CMV crosses the syncytiotrophoblast, the barrier between maternal blood and fetal tissue in the villous placenta, is unknown. Virus may cross by infection of maternal cells that pass through physical breaches in the syncytiotrophoblast or by direct infection of the syncytiotrophoblast, with subsequent transmission to underlying fetal placental cells. In this study, we show that pure (>99.99%), long-term and healt

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3

H K, Sharath Kumar, Chaitra N, Nataraju G, and Bharathi M. "Immunohistochemical Study of VEGF in Placenta of Hypertensive Mothers." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 7, no. 9 (2020): A474–477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.2834.

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Background: Pregnancy is most commonly complicated by Hypertensive disorders. In India, the incidence of gestational hypertension varies from 0.5-1.8%. VEGF is a prime regulator of angiogenesis and overall maintenance of endothelial cell health. This study aims to determine the role of VEGF in placentae of Hypertensive and Normotensive pregnancies by assessing its immunohistochemical expression in Syncytiotrophoblasts.  Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology in our institute. This is a case-control study which included 50 placentae. Out of which,25 were fro

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Longtine, Mark S., Silvija Cvitic, Bryanne N. Colvin, Baosheng Chen, Gernot Desoye, and D. Michael Nelson. "Calcitriol regulates immune genes CD14 and CD180 to modulate LPS responses in human trophoblasts." Reproduction 154, no. 6 (2017): 735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0183.

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We assessed the response of primary cultures of placental villous mononucleated trophoblasts and multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast to calcitriol, the most biologically active form of vitamin D. Whole-genome microarray data showed that calcitriol modulates the expression of many genes in trophoblasts within 6 hours of exposure and RT-qPCR revealed similar responses in cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts and villous explants. Both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts expressed genes for the vitamin D receptor, for LRP2 and CUBN that mediate internalization of calcidiol, forCYP27B1that e

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Lacroux, C., F. Corbière, G. Tabouret, et al. "Dynamics and genetics of PrPSc placental accumulation in sheep." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 3 (2007): 1056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82218-0.

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Placentae from scrapie-affected ewes are an important source of contamination. This study confirmed that scrapie-incubating ewes bearing susceptible genotypes could produce both abnormal prion protein (PrPSc)-positive and -negative placentae, depending only on the PRP genotype of the fetus. The results also provided evidence indicating that scrapie-incubating ARR/VRQ ewes may be unable to accumulate prions in the placenta, whatever the genotype of their progeny. Multinucleated trophoblast cells appeared to play a key role in placental PrPSc accumulation. PrPSc accumulation began in syncytiotro

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6

Colvin, Bryanne N., Mark S. Longtine, Baosheng Chen, Maria Laura Costa, and D. Michael Nelson. "Oleate attenuates palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in placental trophoblasts." Reproduction 153, no. 4 (2017): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-16-0576.

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Pre-pregnancy obesity is increasingly common and predisposes pregnant women and offspring to gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth abnormalities and stillbirth. Obese women exhibit elevated levels of the two most common dietary fatty acids, palmitate and oleate, and the maternal blood containing these nutrients bathes the surface of trophoblasts of placental villi in vivo. We test the hypothesis that the composition and concentration of free fatty acids modulate viability and function of primary human villous trophoblasts in culture. We found that palmitate increases syncytiotropho

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7

Chen, Baosheng, Mark S. Longtine, Yoel Sadovsky, and D. Michael Nelson. "Hypoxia downregulates p53 but induces apoptosis and enhances expression of BAD in cultures of human syncytiotrophoblasts." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 299, no. 5 (2010): C968—C976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00154.2010.

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Hypoxia is commonly assigned a role in the placental dysfunction characteristic of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. We previously showed that hypoxia upregulates p53 and enhances apoptosis in primary cultures of human cytotrophoblasts. Here we tested the hypothesis that hypoxia also induces apoptosis in syncytiotrophoblasts by upregulation of p53. Primary cultures of human cytotrophoblasts that had differentiated into syncytiotrophoblasts by 52 h were exposed for ≤24 h to 20% or <1% oxygen in the presence or absence of staurosporine or the p53 modulators nutlin-3, pifithrin

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8

Wang, Ying, Baosheng Chen, Mark S. Longtine, and D. Michael Nelson. "Punicalagin promotes autophagy to protect primary human syncytiotrophoblasts from apoptosis." REPRODUCTION 151, no. 2 (2016): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-15-0287.

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Punicalagin is a prominent polyphenol in pomegranate juice that protects cultured syncytiotrophoblasts from stress-induced apoptosis. Here, we test the hypothesis that punicalagin has this effect by inhibiting the mTOR kinase pathway to enhance autophagic turnover and limit apoptosis in cultured primary human syncytiotrophoblasts. In syncytiotrophoblasts, starvation, rapamycin, or punicalagin all decreased the expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6, a downstream target of the mTOR kinase, and of the autophagy markers, LC3-II and p62. In contrast, in the presence of bafilomycin, an i

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Tuan, R. S., C. J. Moore, J. W. Brittingham, J. J. Kirwin, R. E. Akins, and M. Wong. "In vitro study of placental trophoblast calcium uptake using JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cells." Journal of Cell Science 98, no. 3 (1991): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.98.3.333.

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During human fetal development, placental syncytiotrophoblasts actively transport calcium from the maternal to the fetal circulation. Two functional components, a cytosolic Ca2(+)-binding protein (CaBP) and a Ca2(+)-ATPase have been identified in the syncytiotrophoblasts of the chorionic villi. We report here the calcium uptake properties of a human choriocarcinoma cell line, JEG-3, which was used as an in vitro model cell system for the syncytiotrophoblasts. In culture, JEG-3 proliferated as large syncytial aggregates expressing typical syncytiotrophoblast markers. 45Ca uptake by JEG-3 was a

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10

Duello, T. M., P. J. Bertics, D. L. Fulgham, and P. J. Van Ess. "Localization of epidermal growth factor receptors in first- and third-trimester human placentas." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 7 (1994): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.7.8014474.

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Studies to date have demonstrated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors primarily on the outer plasma membrane of the human placental syncytiotrophoblasts facing maternal blood and to a lesser extent on the cytotrophoblast stem cells. In the present studies, first- and third-trimester human placental tissues were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the EGF binding domain of the human EGF receptor or to the activated (tyrosine-phosphorylated) human EGF receptor. Cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and fetal connective tissue cells in first-trimester tissues immunostained wit

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11

Ceri, Howard, Wei Sek Hwang, and Helen Cheung. "Endogenous heparin-binding lectin activity in human placenta: purification and developmental expression." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 68, no. 4 (1990): 790–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o90-113.

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Human placental extracts contain a herapin-inhibitable lectin activity. The lectin, which closely resembles those from chicken and rat tissues, was purified by heparin-affinity chromatography. It shares many properties with the previously reported lectins, including hapten specificity, molecular weight of monomers, and immunological cross-reactivity. Sections from different stages of placental development, stained by immunohistochemistry procedures using lectin-specific antibody, showed that the lectin was initially present only in cytotrophoblasts of early first trimester villi. Later in the

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Pepe, Gerald J., Marcia G. Burch, Colin P. Sibley, William A. Davies, and Eugene D. Albrecht. "Expression of the mRNAs and Proteins for the Na+/H+ Exchangers and Their Regulatory Factors in Baboon and Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblast." Endocrinology 142, no. 8 (2001): 3685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.8.8343.

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Abstract In polarized epithelial cells of several organ systems, e.g. the kidney, a family of Na+/H+ exchangers (e.g. Na+/H+ exchanger-1 and -3) and their regulatory proteins, Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor and Na+/H+ exchanger-3 kinase A regulatory protein play a major role in regulating Na+/H+ exchange integral to cellular homeostasis. Because the primate placenta regulates exchange of Na+ and H+ between the mother and fetus critical to fetal-placental homeostasis, the current study determined whether Na+/H+ exchanger-1 and -3 were compartmentalized and associated with expression of Na+/

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13

Tarrade, Anne, Kristina Schoonjans, Jean Guibourdenche та ін. "PPARγ/RXRα Heterodimers Are Involved in Human CGβ Synthesis and Human Trophoblast Differentiation". Endocrinology 142, № 10 (2001): 4504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.10.8448.

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Abstract Recent studies performed with null mice suggested a role of either RXRα or PPARγ in murine placental development. We report here that both PPARγ and RXRα are strongly expressed in human villous cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. Moreover, specific ligands for RXRs or PPARγ (but not for PPARα or PPARδ) increase both human CGβ transcript levels and the secretion of human CG and its free β-subunit. When combined, these ligands have an additive effect on human CG secretion. Pan-RXR and PPARγ ligands also have an additive effect on the synthesis of other syncytiotrophoblast hormone

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14

Fisher, Susan, Olga Genbacev, Ekaterina Maidji, and Lenore Pereira. "Human Cytomegalovirus Infection of Placental Cytotrophoblasts In Vitro and In Utero: Implications for Transmission and Pathogenesis." Journal of Virology 74, no. 15 (2000): 6808–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.15.6808-6820.2000.

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ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of prenatal viral infection. Affected infants may suffer intrauterine growth retardation and serious neurologic impairment. Analysis of spontaneously aborted conceptuses shows that CMV infects the placenta before the embryo or fetus. In the human hemochorial placenta, maternal blood directly contacts syncytiotrophoblasts that cover chorionic villi and cytotrophoblasts that invade uterine vessels, suggesting possible routes for CMV transmission. To test this hypothesis, we exposed first-trimester chorionic villi and isolated cytotrophobl

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15

Ge, Y. C., J. N. Li, X. T. Ni, et al. "Cross talk between cAMP and p38 MAPK pathways in the induction of leptin by hCG in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts." REPRODUCTION 142, no. 2 (2011): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-11-0053.

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Leptin produced by the placental syncytiotrophoblasts participates in a number of processes in pregnancy including implantation, proliferation of the cytotrophoblasts, and nutrient transfer across the placenta. Despite the functional significance of leptin in pregnancy, the regulation of leptin synthesis is poorly understood in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. In this study, we investigated the role of endogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the regulation of leptin production as well as the underlying mechanism involving the cross talk between cAMP and p38 mitogen-activated prot

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Alison, R. H., D. J. Lewis, and C. A. Montgomery. "Ovarian Choriocarcinoma in the Mouse." Veterinary Pathology 24, no. 3 (1987): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588702400305.

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Choriocarcinoma is one of the rarest ovarian tumors in any animal species. This paper describes the gross and microscopic appearance of seven such neoplasms in B6C3F1 mice. Mean age at death was 47 weeks. Tumors were described at necropsy as dark or hemorrhagic cystic lesions. On microscopic examination tumors were composed of hematocysts, intercellular hemorrhage, and cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and/or trophoblastic giant cells. Cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and occasional giant cells were present in three cases while the other four tumors contained only trophoblastic gi

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Toyosawa, K., K. Okimoto, T. Koujitani, and E. Kikawa. "Choriocarcinoma and Teratoma in the Ovary of a Cynomolgus Monkey." Veterinary Pathology 37, no. 2 (2000): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.37-2-186.

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An ovarian choriocarcinoma was found in a 13-year-old cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fascicularis). The tumor was accompanied by a mature teratoma in the contralateral ovary. Histologically, the choriocarcinoma was characterized by nests of cells where cytotrophoblasts occupied the periphery with syncytiotrophoblasts at the center. Immunohistochemical staining for anti-human chorionic gonadotropin was positive in the syncytiotrophoblasts. The teratoma consisted of well-differentiated epidermal cells, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, cartilage, bone, and teeth. Choriocarcinoma metastases were in m

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Chamley, L., C. Viall, P. Stone, and Q. Chen. "528. THE INTERNALIZATION OF ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES INTO TROPHOBLASTS CORRELATES WITH THE EXPRESSION OF MEGALIN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 9 (2009): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb09abs528.

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Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are autoantibodies that increase the risk of preeclampsia nine fold. We have recently shown aPL increase in the number of syncytial knots shed from placental explants and also change the trophoblast death process towards necrosis. Shedding of necrotic syncytial knots is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Antiphospholipid antibodies but not control antibodies, are internalised into the syncytiotrophoblast suggesting a specific mechanism for internalisation of the aPL. Megalin is known to be an endocytic receptor for the antigen of aPL. W

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Leitner, Karl, Roman Szlauer, Isabella Ellinger, Adolf Ellinger, Klaus-Peter Zimmer, and Renate Fuchs. "Placental Alkaline Phosphatase Expression at the Apical and Basal Plasma Membrane in Term Villous Trophoblasts." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 49, no. 9 (2001): 1155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540104900909.

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Human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) was localized at the apical and basal plasma membrane of syncytiotrophoblasts and at the surface of cytotrophoblasts in term chorionic villi using immunoelectron microscopy. Similarly, apical and basolateral PLAP expression was found in polarized trophoblast-derived BeWo cells. Trophoblasts isolated from term placentas exhibited mainly vesicular PLAP immunofluorescence staining immediately after isolation. After in vitro differentiation into syncytia, PLAP plasma membrane expression was upregulated and exceeded that observed in mononuclear trophoblas

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Broeder, J. A., C. H. Smith, and A. J. Moe. "Glutamate oxidation by trophoblasts in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 267, no. 1 (1994): C189—C194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.1.c189.

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Catabolism of uniformly and 1-14C-labeled glutamate was investigated in human placental cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts cultured on uncoated plastic or a fibrin matrix. Product-labeling experiments resulted in 14C incorporation into carbon dioxide and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. 14C incorporation above background was not detected for the putative products, glutamine, amino acids, glutathione, and protein. Inhibitors of specific metabolic pathways were used to elucidate the routes of glutamate oxidation. Incorporation of 14C into carbon dioxide from [1-14C]glutamate was in

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Corry, Jacqueline, Nitin Arora, Charles A. Good, Yoel Sadovsky, and Carolyn B. Coyne. "Organotypic models of type III interferon-mediated protection from Zika virus infections at the maternal–fetal interface." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 35 (2017): 9433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707513114.

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Protecting the fetus from the hematogenous spread of viruses requires multifaceted layers of protection and relies heavily on trophoblasts, the fetal-derived cells that comprise the placental barrier. We showed previously that trophoblasts isolated from full-term placentas resist infection by diverse viruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV), and transfer this resistance to nonplacental cells through the activity of paracrine effectors, including the constitutive release of type III interferons (IFNs). Here, we developed 3D cell-line–based models of human syncytiotrophoblasts, cells that lie in dir

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Chen, Baosheng, Mark S. Longtine, and D. Michael Nelson. "Punicalagin, a polyphenol in pomegranate juice, downregulates p53 and attenuates hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cultured human placental syncytiotrophoblasts." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 305, no. 10 (2013): E1274—E1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00218.2013.

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Oxidative stress is associated with placental dysfunction and suboptimal pregnancy outcomes. Therapeutic interventions to limit placental injury from oxidative stress are lacking. Punicalagin is an ellagitannin and a potent antioxidant in pomegranate juice. We showed that both pomegranate juice and punicalagin decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured syncytiotrophoblasts. p53 is involved in the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in trophoblasts. We now test the hypothesis that punicalagin limits trophoblast injury in vitro by regulating the levels of p53. We examined the expression

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Storm, Tina, Erik I. Christensen, Julie Nelly Christensen, et al. "Megalin Is Predominantly Observed in Vesicular Structures in First and Third Trimester Cytotrophoblasts of the Human Placenta." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 64, no. 12 (2016): 769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155416672210.

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The membrane receptor megalin is crucial for normal fetal development. Besides its expression in the developing fetus, megalin is also expressed in the human placenta. Similar to its established function in the kidney proximal tubules, placental megalin has been proposed to mediate uptake of vital nutrients. However, details of megalin expression, subcellular localization, and function in the human placenta remain to be established. By immunohistochemical analyses of first trimester and term human placenta, we showed that megalin is predominantly expressed in cytotrophoblasts, the highly proli

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Masoumi, Zahra, Lena Erlandsson, Eva Hansson, Mattias Magnusson, Eva Mezey, and Stefan R. Hansson. "Hypoxia-Induced Alpha-Globin Expression in Syncytiotrophoblasts Mimics the Pattern Observed in Preeclamptic Placentas." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (2021): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073357.

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Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder associated with placental dysfunction and elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Early in pregnancy the placenta harbors hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and is an extramedullary source of erythropoiesis. However, globin expression is not unique to erythroid cells and can be triggered by hypoxia. To investigate the role of the placenta in increasing globin levels previously reported in PE, flow cytometry, histological and immunostaining and in situ analyses were used on placenta samples and ex vivo explant cultures. Our results indicated that

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Tomi, Masatoshi, Hiromi Eguchi, Mayuko Ozaki та ін. "Role of OAT4 in Uptake of Estriol Precursor 16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Into Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblasts From Fetus". Endocrinology 156, № 7 (2015): 2704–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1130.

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Estriol biosynthesis in human placenta requires the uptake of a fetal liver-derived estriol precursor, 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16α-OH DHEAS), by placental syncytiotrophoblasts at their basal plasma membrane (BM), which faces the fetal circulation. The aim of this work is to identify the transporter(s) mediating 16α-OH DHEAS uptake at the fetal side of syncytiotrophoblasts by using human placental BM-enriched vesicles and to examine the contribution of the putative transporter to estriol synthesis at the cellular level, using choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. Organic anion transpo

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Nadeau, Valérie, and Jean Charron. "Importance of the ERK/MAPK pathway in syncytiotrophoblasts differentiation." Developmental Biology 331, no. 2 (2009): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.350.

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Barrera, David, Euclides Avila, Guillermo Hernandez, et al. "Calcitriol affects hCG gene transcription in cultured human syncytiotrophoblasts." Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 6, no. 1 (2008): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-6-3.

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Shimono, Aiko, Yuko Imoto, Haruhiko Sakamoto, et al. "An immunohistochemical study of placental syncytiotrophoblasts in neonatal hemochromatosis." Placenta 48 (December 2016): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2016.10.005.

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Prince, Calais, Alina Maloyan, and Leslie Myatt. "Manipulation of TRKB activation alters cellular respiration in syncytiotrophoblasts." Placenta 45 (September 2016): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.023.

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Lee, Lydia, Fernanda Heitor, Harvey Kliman, Thomas Mcelrath, and Joseph Majzoub. "Syncytiotrophoblasts of preeclamptic placentas overexpress corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 195, no. 6 (2006): S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.048.

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Nedder, Margaux, Sonja Boland, Stéphanie Devineau, et al. "Uptake of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Impact on Viability, Differentiation and Functions of Primary Trophoblast Cells from Human Placenta." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (2020): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071309.

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The human placenta is at the interface between maternal and fetal circulations, and is crucial for fetal development. The nanoparticles of cerium dioxide (CeO2 NPs) from air pollution are an unevaluated risk during pregnancy. Assessing the consequences of placenta exposure to CeO2 NPs could contribute to a better understanding of NPs’ effect on the development and functions of the placenta and pregnancy outcome. We used primary villous cytotrophoblasts purified from term human placenta, with a wide range of CeO2 NPs concentrations (0.1–101 μg/cm2) and exposure time (24–72 h), to assess trophob

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Omigbodun, Akinyinka, Piotr Ziolkiewicz, Cheryl Tessler, John R. Hoyer, and Christos Coutifaris. "Progesterone Regulates Osteopontin Expression in Human Trophoblasts: A Model of Paracrine Control in the Placenta?*." Endocrinology 138, no. 10 (1997): 4308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.138.10.5431.

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Abstract Osteopontin (OPN), a matrix glycosylated phosphoprotein, has been proposed to play a role(s) in basic cellular processes, such as neovascularization and tissue remodeling, which are essential to placental morphogenesis and embryo implantation. We have shown OPN to be expressed by cytotrophoblasts of the chorionic villus, and a putative progesterone regulatory element in the OPN promoter suggests hormonal regulatory control. This led us to test the hypothesis that progesterone regulates OPN expression in human cytotrophoblasts. Cytotrophoblasts isolated from human placentas were treate

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Austgulen, Rigmor, Lisa Chedwick, Christina Vogt Isaksen, Lars Vatten, and Catherine Craven. "Trophoblast Apoptosis in Human Placenta at Term as Detected by Expression of a Cytokeratin 18 Degradation Product of Caspase." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 126, no. 12 (2002): 1480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2002-126-1480-taihpa.

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Abstract Context.—Apoptosis occurs in the normal placenta. The monoclonal antibody M30 is directed against a novel epitope of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) that is formed by caspase cleavage early in the apoptotic cascade, and this antibody may therefore be useful for evaluating trophoblast apoptosis. Objective.—We undertook the present study to evaluate the use of monoclonal antibody M30 to assess trophoblast apoptosis in placenta at term. Methods.—We stained paraffin-embedded placental tissues from 15 deliveries at term with M30. We compared positive M30 staining and CK18 staining (as detected by a

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STEFANER, Isabella, Anca STEFANESCU, Walter HUNZIKER, and Renate FUCHS. "Expression of placental alkaline phosphatase does not correlate with IgG binding, internalization and transcytosis." Biochemical Journal 327, no. 2 (1997): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3270585.

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The human homologue of FcRn, an IgG Fc receptor expressed in rat villous syncytiotrophoblasts, might be involved in IgG transfer from the maternal to the fetal circulation. However, because the receptor does not bind IgG at the physiological pH of the maternal blood (pH 7.4), FcRn is probably not involved in the initial uptake of IgG. A role in IgG internalization has been suggested for placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), which is highly expressed on the apical surface of syncytiotrophoblasts. To determine whether PLAP does indeed have a role in IgG uptake, we analysed the ability of PLAP t

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GOTO, SHIGENORI, KOICHI TAKAKUWA, KOJI KANAZAWA, and SHOSHICHI TAKEUCHI. "MLR-Blocking Antibodies Are Directed Against Alloantigens Expressed on Syncytiotrophoblasts." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 21, no. 2 (1989): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.1989.tb01000.x.

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HEIKINHEIMO, M., O. SAKSELA, P. LEHTOVIRTA, M. SEPPÄLÄ, and H. BOHN. "CULTURED HUMAN SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLASTS SYNTHESIZE PREGNANCY-SPECIFIC BETA-1-GLYCOPROTEIN (SP1)." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section C Immunology 89C, no. 1-6 (2009): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02677.x.

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Meng, Qian, Li Shao, Xiucui Luo, et al. "Ultrastructure of Placenta of Gravidas with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/283124.

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Objectives. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) leads to an abnormal placental environment which may cause some structural alterations of placenta and affect placental development and function. In this study, the ultrastructural appearances of term placentas from women with GDM and normal pregnancy were meticulously compared.Materials and Methods. The placenta tissues of term birth from 10 women with GDM and 10 women with normal pregnancy were applied with the signed informed consent. The morphology of fetomaternal interface of placenta was examined using light microscopy (LM) and transmission

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Masuda, Junko, Eiji Takayama, Ayano Satoh, et al. "Levels of annexin IV and V in the plasma of pregnant and postpartum women." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 91, no. 06 (2004): 1129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th03-12-0778.

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SummaryAnnexin (Anx) V is pivotal in the maintenance of pregnancy by preventing the activation of blood coagulation. The homology of the amino acid sequence between Anx IV and Anx V is highest in Anx family proteins. However, little is known about the roles of Anx IV in pregnancy.The aim of this study is to clarify the roles of circulating Anx IV and Anx V in normal pregnancy. Subjects were non-pregnant women (n = 50), 120 pregnant women, and maternal subjects just after delivery (n = 53) or postpartum (n = 67). Anx IV in the plasma of non-pregnant women was at a concentration 20 times that of

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Frendo, Jean-Louis, Delphine Olivier, Valérie Cheynet, et al. "Direct Involvement of HERV-W Env Glycoprotein in Human Trophoblast Cell Fusion and Differentiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, no. 10 (2003): 3566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.10.3566-3574.2003.

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ABSTRACT We recently demonstrated that the product of the HERV-W env gene, a retroviral envelope protein also dubbed syncytin, is a highly fusogenic membrane glycoprotein inducing the formation of syncytia on interaction with the type D mammalian retrovirus receptor. In addition, the detection of HERV-W Env protein (Env-W) expression in placental tissue sections led us to propose a role for this fusogenic glycoprotein in placenta formation. To evaluate this hypothesis, we analyzed the involvement of Env-W in the differentiation of primary cultures of human villous cytotrophoblasts that spontan

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Guilbert, L. J., M. Riddell, and B. Winkler-Lowen. "Caspase activation is not required for villous cytotrophoblast fusion into syncytiotrophoblasts." Placenta 31, no. 11 (2010): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2010.08.012.

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Kovács, I. J., K. Hegedűs, A. Pál, and R. Pusztai. "Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Syncytiotrophoblasts Infected with Human Cytomegalovirus Isolates." Placenta 28, no. 7 (2007): 620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2006.09.008.

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Ireland, Kayla E., Alina Maloyan, and Leslie Myatt. "Melatonin Improves Mitochondrial Respiration in Syncytiotrophoblasts From Placentas of Obese Women." Reproductive Sciences 25, no. 1 (2017): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1933719117704908.

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AL-OKAIL, MAJID S., and OMAR S. AL-ATTAS. "Histological Changes in Placental Syncytiotrophoblasts of Poorly Controlled Gestational Diabetic Patients." Endocrine Journal 41, no. 4 (1994): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.41.355.

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Valent, Amy, Kevin Kolahi, and Kent Thornburg. "Glycolytic utilization and capacity of human cytotrophoblasts are higher than syncytiotrophoblasts." Placenta 45 (September 2016): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.020.

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Marini, Camilla, Benjamin P. Lüscher, Daniel V. Surbek, and Marc U. Baumann. "GLUT1-down-regulation leads to a “premature senescence” in preeclamptic syncytiotrophoblasts." Placenta 45 (September 2016): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.216.

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Golos, Thaddeus G., Lisa A. Krugner-Higby, Carolyn Stone Williams, et al. "Primary cultures of rhesus placental syncytiotrophoblasts are permissive for SIV infection." Journal of Medical Primatology 23, no. 2-3 (1994): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0684.1994.tb00104.x.

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Kristoffersen, Einar K., та Roald Matre. "Co-localization of β2-microglobulin and IgG in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts". European Journal of Immunology 26, № 2 (1996): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830260234.

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Brunette, M. G., and M. Leclerc. "Ca2+ transport through the brush border membrane of human placenta syncytiotrophoblasts." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 6 (1992): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-112.

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The calcium (Ca2+) uptake by brush border membrane vesicles isolated from fresh human placentas has been characterized. This process was saturable and time- and concentration-dependent. It exhibited a double Michaelis–Menten kinetics, with apparent Km values of 0.17 ± 0.03 and 2.98 ± 0.17 mM Ca2+, and Vmax values of 0.9 ± 0.13 and 2.51 ± 0.45 pmol∙μg−1∙5 s−1. It was not influenced by the presence of Na+ or Mg2+ in the incubation medium. It was not increased by K+ or anion diffusion potentials, inside negative. At a steady state of 1 mM Ca2+ uptake, a large proportion (approximately 94%) of the

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Nelson, D. M., S. D. Smith, T. C. Furesz, et al. "Hypoxia reduces expression and function of system A amino acid transporters in cultured term human trophoblasts." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 284, no. 2 (2003): C310—C315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00253.2002.

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We tested the hypothesis that hypoxia diminishes the expression and transport of neutral amino acids by system A in full-term human trophoblasts. Cytotrophoblasts from normal human placentas were cultured in standard conditions of 20% O2 or in 1% and 3% O2 for 24 h before assay. Neutral amino acid transport for systems A, ASC, and L was assayed at 24 and 72 h by the cluster-tray technique. Hypoxia during the initial 24 h of culture reduced system A transport by 82% in 1% O2 and by 37% in 3% O2 ( P < 0.01) compared with standard conditions. Hypoxia during the latter 24 h of the 72 h in cultu

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Maidji, Ekaterina, Olga Genbacev, Hsin-Ti Chang, and Lenore Pereira. "Developmental Regulation of Human Cytomegalovirus Receptors in Cytotrophoblasts Correlates with Distinct Replication Sites in the Placenta." Journal of Virology 81, no. 9 (2007): 4701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02748-06.

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ABSTRACT Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the major viral cause of congenital disease, infects the uterus and developing placenta and spreads to the fetus throughout gestation. Virus replicates in invasive cytotrophoblasts in the decidua, and maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG)-CMV virion complexes, which are transcytosed by the neonatal Fc receptor across syncytiotrophoblasts, infect underlying cytotrophoblasts in chorionic villi. Immunity is central to protection of the placenta-fetal unit: infection can occur when IgG has a low neutralizing titer. Here we used immunohistochemical and function-blocking me

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