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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthesis impurities'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

代, 泽琴. "Synthesis of Diacerein Impurities." Hans Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology 10, no. 05 (2020): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjcet.2020.105046.

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2

Revelle, Larry K., Aaron M. Rutter, and Joe A. Wilson. "Synthesis of Chlorhexidine Digluconate Impurities." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 43, no. 5 (1995): 1299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00053a032.

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3

Sunil Kumar, I. V., G. S. R. Anjaneyulu, and V. Hima Bindu. "Identification and synthesis of impurities formed during sertindole preparation." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (January 7, 2011): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.5.

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Sertindole (1), an atypical anti-psychotic drug is used for the treatment of schizophrenia. During the laboratory optimization and later during its bulk synthesis the formation of various impurities was observed. The impurities formed were monitored and their structures were tentatively assigned on the basis of their fragmentation patterns in LC-MS. Most of the impurities were synthesized and their assigned constitutions confirmed by co-injection in HPLC. We describe herein the formation, synthesis and characterization of these impurities. Our study will be of immense help to others to obtain
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4

Krishna, Singamsetty Radha, Mandava Venkata Naga Brahmeshwar Rao, Tirmalaraju Satyanaryana Raju, Vurimidi Himabindu, and Ghanta Mahesh Reddy. "Isolation, Synthesis and Characterization of Rosiglitazone Maleate Impurities." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 3 (2008): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/308724.

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Three unknown impurities in rosiglitazone maleate 1 bulk drug at level below 0.1% (ranging from 0.05 to 0.1%) were detected by simple reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. These impurities were preliminarily identified with LC-MS and characterized by the mass number of the impurities. Different experiments were conducted and finally synthesized and characterized the unknown impurities.
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5

Rapolu, Rajesh Kumar, Srinivas Areveli, V. V. N. K. V. Prasada Raju, Srinivasu Navuluri, Murthy Chavali, and Naveen Mulakayala. "An Efficient Synthesis of Darunavir Substantially Free from Impurities: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Impurities." ChemistrySelect 4, no. 14 (2019): 4422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201803825.

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6

Sethi, Madhuresh Kumar, Vijendra Singh Rawat, Jayaprakash Thirunavukarasu, Rajakrishna Yerramalla, and Anish Kumar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Tolvaptan Impurities." Advances in Chemistry 2014 (July 10, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/471950.

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Twenty-six possible as well as observed impurities during the preparation of Tolvaptan have been identified, prepared, and characterized by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and mass spectra. Control of these impurities, formed during various stages of Tolvaptan preparation, has been mentioned in this paper.
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7

Sharma, Yogesh Kumar, Dau Dayal Agarwal, Sudesh Bhure, Sanjay Singh Rathore, Chakravir Rawat, and Rajendranath Mukharjee. "Synthesis, Isolation and Characterization of Process-Related Impurities in Oseltamivir Phosphate." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/327351.

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Three known impurities in oseltamivir phosphate bulk drug at level 0.1% (ranging from 0.05-0.1%) were detected by gradient reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. These impurities were preliminarily identified by the mass number of the impurities. Different experiments were conducted and finally the known impurities were synthesized and characterized.
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8

Madasu, Suri Babu, Nagaji Ambabhai Vekariya, M. N. V. D. Hari Kiran, et al. "Synthesis of compounds related to the anti-migraine drug eletriptan hydrobromide." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (August 30, 2012): 1400–1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.162.

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Eletriptan hydrobromide (1) is a selective serotonin (5-HT1) agonist, used for the acute treatment of the headache phase of migraine attacks. During the manufacture of eletriptan hydrobromide the formation of various impurities were observed and identified by LC–MS. To control the formation of these impurities during the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the structure of the impurities must be known. Major impurities of the eletriptan hydrobromide synthesis were prepared and characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques, i.e., mass spectroscopy, FTIR , 1H NMR, 13C NMR
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9

Hu, Tianwen, Feipu Yang, Tao Jiang, et al. "Synthesis of Impurities of Pramipexole Dihydrochloride." Organic Process Research & Development 20, no. 11 (2016): 1899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00182.

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10

Bhise, Nandu Baban, Dhananjay Govind Sathe, Tarur Radhakrishanan, and Raviraj Deore. "Synthesis of Potential Impurities of Bicalutamide." Synthetic Communications 39, no. 9 (2009): 1516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910802519208.

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11

Rapolu, Rajesh Kumar, Srinivas Areveli, V. V. N. K. V. Prasada Raju, Srinivasu Navuluri, Murthy Chavali, and Naveen Mulakayala. "Corrigendum: An Efficient Synthesis of Darunavir Substantially Free from Impurities: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Impurities." ChemistrySelect 4, no. 22 (2019): 6812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201902072.

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12

Hartati, Hartati, Aning Purwaningsih, Tjitjik Srie Tjahjandarie, et al. "Synthesis of amorphous aluminosilicate from impure Indonesian kaolin." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1 (2020): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0033.

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AbstractSynthesis of amorphous aluminosilicates from high impurities in Indonesian kaolin were carried out in several ways, directly from kaolin and indirectly from metakaolin (calcined kaolin), both with silica addition and without silica addition. Synthesis was conducted in a gradual temperature hydrothermal reaction and in a constant temperature hydrothermal reaction. Before being synthesized, kaolin impurities were separated according to density and/or particle size by centrifugation. X-Ray Diffraction and FTIR Spectrometry characterization of the synthesized product showed that the result
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13

Srinivasachary, Katuroju, Chennuri Rajesh, Shashikant Tiwari, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Potential Impurities of Eltrombopag Olamine." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 1 (2020): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.22951.

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This work reports the feasibility of recently developed industrial viable process for eltrombopag olamine starting from 2-bromo-6-nitro phenol and reports the identification of four potential impurities related to eltrombopag olamine, namely eltrombopag olamine ester (1), 2-aminophenol analogue of eltrombopag (2), 3,3′-(2-amino-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-4,6-diyl dibenzoic acid (3), 2′-hydroxy[1,1- biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid (4). These impurities are the crucial components in determining the quality of the drug substance, eltrombopag olamine during its manufacturing. These impurities have impact on
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14

Venkanna, G., G. Madhusudhan, K. Mukkanti, A. Sankar, Y. Sampath Kumar, and G. Venakata Narayana. "Synthesis and Characterization of Process-Related Impurities of Antihypertensive Drug Olmesartan Medoxomil." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/516459.

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Olmesartan medoxomil(1)is the latest angiotensin receptor antagonist approved by the FDA for the treatment of hypertension. During the process development of olmesartan medoxomil, three process-related impurities were observed along with the final API. These impurities were identified as isopropyl olmesartan (12), dimedoxomil olmesartan (19), dibiphenyl olmesartan (17). The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of all these three impurities.
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15

Sati, Bhawana, Hemlata Sati, Sarla Saklani, Prakash Chandra Bhatt, and Ravinesh Mishra. "Synthesis of the impurities during the manufacture of bulk drug midazolam and separation of these impurities by HPLC." Acta Pharmaceutica 63, no. 3 (2013): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2013-0025.

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Abstract During the manufacture of bulk drug midazolam various impurities arised that can be the related products or degradation products. Structures of eight impurities that can arise during the manufacture of bulk drug midazolam were proposed. In the present work, synthesis of these impurities and their characterization by different spectroscopic techniques have been done. HPLC method was developed for the separation of impurities from the bulk drug. The developed method separates midazolam from its eight impurities/degradation products within a run time of 45 min.
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16

Sharma, Yogesh Kumar, Dau Dayal Agarwal, Sudesh Bhure, Rajendra Nath Mukharjee, Pramod Kumar Sahu, and Santosh Bhardwaj. "Synthesis, Isolation and Characterization of Process-Related Impurities in Salbutamol Sulphate." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 4 (2011): 1720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/230231.

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Three known and one unknown impurities in salbutamol sulphate bulk drug at level 0.1% (ranging from 0.05-0.1%) were detected by gradient reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. These impurities were preliminarily identified by the mass number of the impurities. Different experiments were conducted and finally synthesized and characterized the known and unknown imputities.
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17

Soni, Zinal, Santosh Patil, Santhosh Koppula, and Poonam Koppula. "Ultrasound-assisted efficient synthesis of 3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl) phenoxy] propane -1,2 -diol (Metoprolol EP impurity D)." Organic Communications 14, no. 1 (2021): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25135/acg.oc.98.20.10.1844.

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Safety of the drug molecule is dependent on the various impurities formed during chemical transformation which may cause drug product instability, decreased product performance, loss in potency, and/or formation of potentially genotoxic impurities. Therefore, it is essential to identify and quantify the impurities generated during the drug development stage. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of Impurity D of Metoprolol, 3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propane-1,2-diol (1), reported in European Pharmacopeia. The synthesis of impurity D has been accomplished in two steps; start
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18

Feng, Wei-Dong, Song-Ming Zhuo, and Fu-Li Zhang. "Synthesis and characterization of new impurities in obeticholic acid." Journal of Chemical Research 43, no. 11-12 (2019): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519819875858.

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Novel and efficient synthetic strategies are developed for the first synthesis of two new impurities found in obeticholic acid. The synthetic routes to the impurities are designed without column purification using 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride as a selective protecting group. The impurities, which are obtained in good yields and high purity, are identified and characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (Corre
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19

Ferraboschi, Patrizia, Diego Colombo, Maria De Mieri, and Paride Grisenti. "Evaluation, synthesis and characterization of tacrolimus impurities." Journal of Antibiotics 65, no. 7 (2012): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ja.2012.28.

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20

Reddy, U. Rajasekhar, B. Sreenivasulu, D. Satheesh, Dhanraj T. S. S. Sundaram, G. Srikanth, and S. Paul Douglas. "Synthesis of potential impurities of dabigatran etexilate." Synthetic Communications 47, no. 13 (2017): 1225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2017.1321126.

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21

Bercu, Joel P., Krista L. Dobo, Elmar Gocke, and Timothy J. McGovern. "Overview of Genotoxic Impurities in Pharmaceutical Development." International Journal of Toxicology 28, no. 6 (2009): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581809349195.

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This symposium focuses on the management of genotoxic impurities in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Recent developments in both Europe and United States require sponsors of new drug applications to develop processes to control the risks of potential genotoxic impurities. Genotoxic impurities represent a special case relative to the International Conference on Harmonisation Q3A/Q3B guidances, because genotoxicity tests used to qualify the drug substance may not be sufficient to demonstrate safety of a potentially genotoxic impurity. The default risk management approach for a genotoxic impurit
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22

Stach, Jan, Jaroslav Havlíček, Lukáš Plaček, and Stanislav Rádl. "Synthesis of Some Impurities and/or Degradation Products of Atorvastatin." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 2 (2008): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20080229.

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Synthesis of some impurities and/or degradation products of atorvastatin, calcium (3R,5R)-7- [2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate, is described. These include its desfluoro analog, the corresponding (3S,5S)- and (3S,5R)-epimers, atorvastatin lactone, and some other potential impurities. The synthesized compounds as well as the corresponding intermediates were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS.
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23

Singaram, Sathiyanarayanan, Venkatesan Chidambaram Subramanian, Senthamaraikannan Kabilan, and Dandu Bhaskara Suresh Raju. "Identification, Synthesis, Characterization and Quality Control Strategy of New Process-Related Impurities in Fosphenytoin Sodium." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 8 (2020): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22669.

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Fosphenytoin sodium is a water dissolvable phenytoin prodrug that is directed intravenously to convey phenytoin, conceivably more securely than intravenous phenytoin. It is most ordinarily utilized in the intense treatment of convulsive status epileptics. The examination of the procedure-related contaminants will not help exclusively to advance the process parameters yet additionally to create sensible analytical methods and set the quality standard for a quality control system in pharmaceutical manufacturing. During the production of fosphenytoin sodium, all the process-related impurities are
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24

Liu, Gui Yang, Bao Sen Wang, Ying He, and Jun Ming Guo. "Phase Structures of LiMn1.95Fe0.05O4 Prepared by Solution Combustion Synthesis and Molten-Salt Combustion Synthesis Methods." Advanced Materials Research 625 (December 2012): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.625.255.

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LiFe0.05Mn1.95O4 materials were prepared by molten-salts combustion synthesis and solution combustion synthesis methods, respectively. The phase structure and compositions of the products were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The main phase of the products prepared by the two methods is LiMn2O4, but at 300-600oC, pure products can not be obtained. At the temperatures of 300 and 400oC, the main impurities are MnO and Mn3O4. The impurities decrease with increasing temperatures, and finally disappear at >500oC. At 500 and 600oC, the main impurity is Mn2O3, but the relative content of Mn2
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25

Goverdhan, Gilla, Anumula Raghupathi Reddy, Kurella Srinivas, Vurimidi Himabindu, and Ghanta Mahesh Reddy. "Identification, characterization and synthesis of impurities of zafirlukast." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 49, no. 4 (2009): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2009.01.023.

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26

Kecskes, L. J., and A. Niiler. "Impurities in the Combustion Synthesis of Titanium Carbide." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 72, no. 4 (1989): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb06190.x.

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27

Liz-Marzán, Luis M., Cherie R. Kagan, and Jill E. Millstone. "Reproducibility in Nanocrystal Synthesis? Watch Out for Impurities!" ACS Nano 14, no. 6 (2020): 6359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c04709.

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28

Pachore, Sharad S., Swapna Akula, Mohammad Aaseef, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Potential Impurities of Canagliflozin." ChemistrySelect 2, no. 28 (2017): 9157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201701973.

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29

Hendrix, Christel, Eugène Roets, Valère Bervoets, et al. "Synthesis of Potential Impurities of Cefalexin and Cefradine." Archiv der Pharmazie 327, no. 4 (1994): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ardp.19943270405.

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30

Rádl, Stanislav, Josef Černý, Jan Stach, Jan Holec, Ondřej Píša, and Zuzana Gablíková. "Synthesis of Azilsartan and Its Selected Potential Impurities." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 50, no. 4 (2013): 929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.1783.

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31

Yang, Jiangtao, Zhong Li, Feifei Hu, et al. "Synthesis of Multimeric Impurities of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate." Organic Preparations and Procedures International 51, no. 4 (2019): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00304948.2019.1620580.

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32

V.S. Kumar, Indukuri, Gorantla S. Ramanjaneyulu, and Vurimindi H. Bindu. "Synthesis of Sildenafil Citrate and Process Related Impurities." Letters in Organic Chemistry 8, no. 9 (2011): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157017811799304304.

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33

Reddy, T. Purendar, Nageshwar Dussa, Srinivas Mamidi, Mahesh Panasa, Ramadas Chavakula, and M. Padma. "Identification, Isolation and Origin of Potential Dimer Impurities of Dichlorphenamide: A Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Drug (Antiglaucoma)." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 6 (2021): 1249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23166.

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Present work describes the identification, isolation and characterization of two new process related dimeric impurities of dichlorphenamide (1). During the synthesis of dichlorphenamide, the formation of two new dimeric impurities namely 2,3-dichloro-5-(3,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoyl-phenyl)sulfonylbenzenesulfonamide (2) (1,1Œ-dichlorphenamide dimer) and 2,3-dichloro-5-(2,3-dichloro-5-sulfamoylphenyl) sulfonyl-benzenesulfonamide (3) (1,3Œ-dichlorphenamide dimer) was observed. In addition, origin and the strategies adapted to control these potential dimer impurities were also described. These impur
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34

Sathiyanarayanan, Singaram, Chidambaram Subramanian Venkatesan, and Senthamaraikannan Kabilan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Potential and Degraded Impurities of Regadenoson." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 8 (2020): 1130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412915666190819095255.

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Background: Regadenoson is an A2A adenosine receptor agonist that is a coronary vasodilator and commonly used as a pharmacologic cardiac stressing agents. Methods: HPLC method was used for the analysis of related substances. The degraded impurities during the process were isolated and characterized by IR, Mass and NMR spectral analysis. Results: Forced degradation study of regadenoson under conditions of hydrolysis (neutral, acidic and alkaline) and oxidations suggested in the ICH Q1A(R2) was accomplished. The drug showed significant degradation under all the above conditions. On the whole, fi
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35

Sharavanan, Selliamman Palaniyandi Nallusamy, Chidambaram Subramanian Venkatesan, Singaram Sathiyanarayanan, and Senthamaraikannan Kabilan. "Potential Impurities of Tigecycline: Synthesis, Isolation, Characterization and In Vitro Pharmacological Evaluation." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 6 (2020): 730–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412915666190225160030.

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Background: Tigecycline is a known antibiotic in the tetracycline family and a chemical analog of minocycline. It may be used for the treatment against drug-resistant bacteria. Methods: HPLC method was used for related substance analysis. The degraded impurities during the process were isolated and characterized by IR, HRMS (High Resolution Mass Spectrometry) and NMR spectral analysis. Results: Four impurities of tigecycline, a broad spectrum antibacterial agent, were identified, synthesized and characterized. The in vitro biological evaluation of the isolated compounds showed significant anti
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36

Lee, Youngmin, Melissa P. Aplan, Zach D. Seibers, S. Michael Kilbey, Qing Wang, and Enrique D. Gomez. "Tuning the synthesis of fully conjugated block copolymers to minimize architectural heterogeneity." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 38 (2017): 20412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta06758e.

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37

Kumar, Anshul, Rajnish Kumar, and Sweety Saini. "Novel Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Impurities of AntiHypertensive Drugs: A Review." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 2 (2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.130203.

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hypertension is the disease which mainly occurred due to the lifestyle which is very abnormal adopted by today’s human beings. Therapy to this disease led to the prevention disease such as myocardial infarction and stroke which is very common. 13The motive behind the study is to gain the interest of the reviewer to understand the novel impurities of the hypertensive drugs and the intermediate that occur during the synthesis which will to understand the purity of the of the API formation which will conclude through the impurities formation.
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38

Sonavane, Sachin, Sachin Mokal, Shubham Wadekar, Satish Wakchaure, and Sharayu Deshmukh. "An efficient synthesis of 2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-N, N-dimethylacetamide substantially free from impurities – Synthesis & characterization of novel impurities." Results in Chemistry 3 (January 2021): 100160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100160.

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39

Zhou, Wentao, Yuxia Zhou, Lili Sun, Qiaogen Zou, Ping Wei, and Pingkai Ouyang. "Structural Elucidation of Potential Impurities in Azilsartan Bulk Drug by HPLC." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 6 (2014): 1552–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.14-022.

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Abstract During the synthesis of Azilsartan (AZS), it was speculated that 15 potential impurities would arise. This study investigated the possible mechanism for the formation of 14 of them, and their structures were characterized and confirmed by IR, NMR, and MS techniques. In addition, an efficient chromatographic method was developed to separate and quantify these impurities, using an Inertsil ODS-3 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) in gradient mode with a mixture of acetonitrile and the potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (10 mM, pH adjusted to 3.0 with phosphoric acid). The HPLC method w
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40

Mahaboob Basha, D., G. Venkata Reddy, Y. Gopi Krishna, B. E. Kumara Swamy, and Rajani Vijay. "Identification and Characterization of Asulam Impurities in Self Made Bulk Batch Synthesis and Quantification by RP-HPLC Method." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 5 (2018): 1448–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0316.

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Abstract The first approach of this research paper explores the simultaneous characterization and determination of the Asulam active ingredient and its associated nine impurities in bulk batch production by the gradient reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method. The best separation from its potential impurities and reproducible method was achieved by selecting the Cosmosil C-18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) analytical column with a run time of 40 min. The pumping chromatographic mobile phase was composed of 0.1% formic acid in milli-Q water (pH ~2.72) and meth
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41

Yu, Jun, Luo-bing Jiang, Wei-dong Feng, Chuan-meng Zhao, and Fu-li Zhang. "Preparation of Three Impurities in Cefoxitin." Journal of Chemical Research 42, no. 11 (2018): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751918x15402956899595.

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Three known impurities of cefoxitin have been prepared and characterised. One is a double-bond isomer of cefoxitin, Δ3-cefoxitin, which was easily prepared by base-catalysed isomerisation of cefoxitin. The second is a side-chain methoxylated derivative, methoxycefoxitin, which required a four-step synthesis from cephalothin. The last impurity is a lactone lacking the carbamyl grouping in cefoxitin, cefoxitin lactone, which was also prepared in four steps from cephalothin. The accessibility of these three impurities and methods for their analysis could be important for quality control in the ma
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42

Patil, Kiran R., Vipul P. Rane, Vinod K. Ahirrao, and Ravindra D. Yeole. "Impurity Profiling of a Novel Anti-MRSA Antibacterial Drug: Alalevonadifloxacin." Journal of Chromatographic Science 58, no. 10 (2020): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmaa068.

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Abstract Alalevonadifloxacin (ALA, formerly described as WCK 2349) is a novel antibacterial drug developed to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. The current study was aimed to identify and quantify impurities in ALA. Mass spectrometry (MS) compatible reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed to identify the impurities in ALA. Three impurities were identified based on the molecular ion peak and their product ions. These impurities were synthesized and characterized using MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. However, this method was unable to resolve th
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43

Rashmi, Nahar Singh, and A. K. Sarkar. "Application of the Rietveld method to quantitative analysis of impurities in synthetic diamond powder." Powder Diffraction 19, no. 2 (2004): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1648314.

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Synthetic diamonds are an important class of industrial material. During synthesis impurities may get introduced into diamond. Identification and quantification of impurities is important as they affect the properties and suitability of the diamonds for their application. Impurities in an industrial synthetic diamond powder sample were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and also by chemical methods. X-ray diffraction pattern showed diamond as the major phase and α-iron as a minor phase. Quantitative analysis of crystalline phases was done by performing Rietveld refinement of the XRD profile.
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44

BHATIA, Manish S. "Synthesis, Characterization and Quantification of Simvastatin Metabolites and Impurities." Scientia Pharmaceutica 79, no. 3 (2011): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1105-16.

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45

Gopal, P. Raja, A. Christy Prabakar, ERR Chandrashekar, B. Vijaya bhaskar, and P. Veera Somaiah. "Synthesis and Characterization of Process Related Impurities of (±)-Milnacipran." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 60, no. 6 (2013): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.201200484.

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46

Tsuber, V. K., L. A. Lesnikovich, A. I. Kulak, et al. "Synthesis, identification and determination of impurities in bioactive hydroxyapatite." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 40, no. 8 (2006): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-006-0151-2.

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47

Klussmann, Martin, Benjamin List, Lars Ratjen, Sebastian Hoffmann, Vijay Wakchaure, and Richard Goddard. "Synthesis of TRIP and Analysis of Phosphate Salt Impurities." Synlett 2010, no. 14 (2010): 2189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1258505.

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48

Sendão, Ricardo M. S., Diana M. A. Crista, Ana Carolina P. Afonso, et al. "Insight into the hybrid luminescence showed by carbon dots and molecular fluorophores in solution." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 37 (2019): 20919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp03730f.

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49

Abdel Rahman, Mona Hamdy, Darren R. Gullick, Joshua Hoerner, and Michael G. Bartlett. "Determination of genotoxic impurities monomethyl sulfate and dimethyl sulfate in active pharmaceutical ingredients." Analytical Methods 9, no. 7 (2017): 1112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay00044h.

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50

Wang, Hai Bo, Xi Bao Wang, and Hui Li. "A Comparative Study of SHS Synthesis of TiB2 Cermets Powder by Magnesium Reduction and Aluminothermy Reduction." Advanced Materials Research 567 (September 2012): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.567.33.

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In this paper, metal reduction preparation of TiB2 powder via magnesium reduction and aluminothermic reduction were studied. The carbon rod arc heating generated from the spread of the reaction of TiB2，and then the examinations were performed after pickling, crushing and grinding such as SEM and XRD. The results showed that the aluminothermic reduction occurred into the powder impurity phase less, but the need for better technology separation of Al2O3. Magnesium reduction reaction products with more impurities, pickling process removes only the reactants of MgO and other impurities not removed
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