Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes électoraux'
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Gassner, Marjorie. "Systèmes électoraux et représentations proportionnelles. Vers plus d'équité dans la répartition des sièges: théorie et pratique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213173.
Full textDeschênes-Thériault, Guillaume. "Le système électoral et la représentation politique de la minorité acadienne en Nouvelle-Écosse." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38502.
Full textKarlsson, Erik. "Les systèmes électoraux et le vote stratégique : Le facteur psychologique et le vote stratégique aux élections législatives en Suède et en France." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54493.
Full textFichet, Guillaume. "L'encadrement constitutionnel du découpage des circonscriptions électorales. Etude de droit comparé." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020071.
Full textIn the framework of representative democracies, the electoral redistricting aims to give jurisdiction to the election of members of parliamentary assemblies. Far from being a neutral and purely administrative measure, as evidenced by the tormented history of gerrymandering, this operation has many consequences on the fairness of election results, the balance of power between political parties, the formation of governmental majorities, and furthermore on the representation of interests, ideas, and values. In connection with the ongoing evolution of mentalities, the principles guiding the implementation of electoral constituencies are experiencing, in the continuity of secular change of government forms, a new metamorphosis tending to bring the people and the government closer together, so as to ultimately reach citizens’ expectations. Thus, electoral districts are expected to be in line with a more ambitious vision of equal representation, which requires not only voting equality but also effective representation and delimitation of parliamentary constituencies subtracted from pressures of political power. This trend, which is common to several legal systems, opens the way for a comparative study focused on four countries with different electoral traditions: the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States of America, and France. Beyond conventional opinions, it will be possible, at the intersection of law and politics, to bring out the many implications that these mutations induce on the consistency of electoral constituencies, on the nature of political representation and, ultimately, on the strengthening and renewal of democracy
Paris, Jonathan. "Mouvances des bases partisanes dans le système partisan québécois." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8830.
Full textEhrhard, Thomas. "Le découpage électoral en France sous la Vème République : entre logiques partisanes et intérêts parlementaires." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020064.
Full textThe myth of the gerrymandering overshadows the redistricting. Governments allegedly use it to draw a favorable electoral map aiming electoral profits. Thus, it is supposed to be an electioneering mechanism used for partisan motives. In France, few studies have been devoted to redistricting which is also an important object within the international political scientist literature. The thesis puts forward a study of the legislative redistricting under the Fifth Republic following two axes. The first one, the analysis of the policy process, questions the role and the actions of the government. Through a multidisciplinary analysis, it appears that the government is strongly constrained and that MPs have a main function. The second one relates to the consequences of redistricting. After developing a method to understand the politics of limits, the empirical study – statistical and cartographic – shows that districts are made according to deputies – incumbents –, before favoring political parties, or the majority making the redistricting. It also appears that if the constituency boundaries are not decisive, they still have structural consequences on the electoral competition. Under the Fifth Republic, redistricting can be described as interparliamentary and intrapartisan. To sum up, neither the redistricting process nor its electoral consequences match the "classic" cognitive representation of the redistricting
Lehingue, Patrick. "L'analyse des transactions électorales : problèmes de méthode." Amiens, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AMIE0053.
Full textLocal electoral transactions are studied in a methodological way, through three successive objects : -a local election campaign (analysis of an electoral market where political supply and social demands deal with each other); -electoral volatility (analysis of voting stability); -a long term process (nationalization of electoral exchanges). In all cases, the aim is to question the pertinence of both definitions and tods used in political science, in order to analyse these processes, and beyond, to consider the necessary conditions on which a scientific study is possible, whatever political implications it may involve
Druţă, Sulima Snejana. "La construction du système électoral en République de Moldavie : sur la difficile démocratisation d'un État postsoviétique." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40030.
Full textThe central issue of this thesis concerns the electoral reform in the Republic of Moldova and deals with the contribution of this reform to the democratization of the political system in a post-soviet country. The new electoral legislation of Moldova is decrypted in the light of the European canons in this field. The reformed legislation study and the electoral actors’ behaviour analysis, during the first two post totalitarian decades, lead to the conclusion that in spite of the more or less uniform formal base, the Moldavian politic leaders very often distorted the democratic meaning of the electoral norm. In Moldova, one of the consequences of the difficult economic transition was the stagnation of the politic democratization. The gain of the power by a communist party, this time through democratic elections, had negative repercussions on the image of Moldova abroad but mainly on his internal policy. The “new” communists reanimated the practice of the authoritarian government and used all administrative and media resources to eliminate the opposition and conserve the power. The alternation at the governance is one of the appreciation criteria, among others, of the democracy of a political regime. In Moldova, after eight years of communist governance, the alternation took finally place in 2009, also through elections. This fact leads us to the conclusion that the democratic principles of the elections, once put into positive law, can help the democratic stabilization of a post totalitarian regime
Chamorel, Patrick. "Réforme à San Francisco : le système électoral comme enjeu politique, 1970-1980." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986IEPP0001.
Full textAmerican municipal institutions often stand as political issues, for most localities have the capacity to choose their institutional arrangements, which as a result show a great diversity. For the last 15 years, minority groups, eager to increase their representation on city councils, have questioned the at-large (city wide multi-member district) system of election they think is discriminatory, and have tried to replace it with district (multi-member) elections. Because of their social make up and the very kind and mere cost of the electoral campaings they require, small districts allow minorities to score gains in terms of representation. Electoral reform can be granted by the courts, as a means toward fairer representation, or achieved through political devices, such as ballot initiatives. During the 70's, the electoral issue has created a deep and bitter conflict in San Francisco, between a leftist and minority coalition and conservative groups. Only between 1976 and 1980 was the district system in vigor. In 1977 and 1979, numerous militant candidates campaigned at the grass-roots level and reflected their constituencies social profiles and concerns. At-large candidates used to owe their victories to business and media support. As a reflection of new demands by the emerging political groups and leaders, local legislation became more diversified and innovative in content and more open and conflictual in the making. A new kind of relationship between city councilmen and their constituencies altered the way local government functions. The recent thrust toward electoral reform can be best understood through the strategies adopted by urban minorities and their goal of neighborhood government. Previous electoral arrangements also suited the interests of dominant groups in the machine and reform eras
Valle, Correa Ramos Amanda do. "Le financement des campagnes présidentielles en France et au Brésil." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD046/document.
Full textThis thesis intends to analyse all matters regarding financing election campaigns inpresidential elections. Actually, after political corruption outbreaks, revealing theinfluence money has on politics, financing of the election campaigns turned out to bethe object of discussion in many democracies. A comparison between France andBrazil, two democracies with two different electoral systems, intends to show how thepower of money can influence election, mainly in presidential campaigns. Thisresearch address issues relating to regulation and control of election campaignsfinancials of the highest public role. They are exhaustively described, having ascomparative models France and Brazil, strong points as well as weak points of bothsystems facing the same enemy: the influence of money in the political life
Sohier, Jérôme. "Système électoral, Etat particratique, régime représentatif :dix propositions pour réformer la démocratie belge." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/325437/6/TDM.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Owen, Bernard. "Le système électoral et son effet sur la représentation parlementaire des partis : le cas européen." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010282.
Full textKamagate, Abou. "Élections et monopartisme en Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010279.
Full textOn the next day of the second world war, the electoral system introduced by france in its colonies of black Africa, leads to the apparition of several political parties in Côte-d’Ivoire. One of them, the P. D. C. I. - R. D. A. , post up an exceptional dynamism. Very quickly, its electoral successes make of him, first a dominant party, afterwards a unique party (the other political formations having been early assimilated) that pre-independence one-party system will attain its period of crystallization in 1960 with the adoption and the practice of a "defensive" electoral system : the ballot of complete national list. If that method of political recruitment has contributed, during two decades, to reinforce the ivoirian regime's political stability, in return, the partisan identification is of it found affacted. So, to stimulate the dozing militantism, the ballot of unique national list is abandoned in 1980 in profit of a new method of selection : the electoral semi-competitive system (competition in the inside of the one-party). In 1980, the experience has been conclusive, but no without difficulties
Maïga, Issa Boncana. "L'organisation des élections et le respect des droits fondamentaux en Afrique noire francophone : cas des pays de la CEDEAO." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0769.
Full textAcceleration and variety of the changes, such is the expression which characterizes best the advent of the democracy in French-speaking Africa, as from the Nineties. Nowhere, the single party did not solve the complex problems by the emergence of completely stripped States, populated of a mosaic of populations culturally, linguistically and religieusement divided and sometimes even antagonistic. The popular disputes, the various movements of democratic claim, started from some countries, which were right of the dictatorships of the single party, extended gradually to the remainder from the African continent. No cultural or linguistic surface was saved by the democratic contagion. Thus, to reconquer its dignity, Africa approached a major turning of its history while reaching the democracy. Today, the democratic system is a political reality and is well anchored in the political practices in Africa. The elections are from now on impossible to circumvent and the vote for all proclaimed everywhere for the selections of the leaders and the national representatives of the people in the national parliaments. The voting rights can validly be exerted only so certain conditions are really joined together. Those hold at the same time of the electoral right into force and the material organization of the poll. However the anchoring real of the electoral process like method of selection of the leaders or the representatives in Black Africa remains fragile and the electoral experiments show indeed that the implementation of the electoral process is the enfiévrées controversy object many. The ones relate to the nature and the capacities of the body charged to lead and frame the electoral process. Others turn around a traditional and recurring topic, namely the suspicions of fraud surrounding the electoral or post-electoral operations. A thorough scientific reflexion on these various questions could undoubtedly lead to likely solutions `to improve unfolding of the elections in Africa
Labouret, Simon. "La rupture de 2007 : changement électoral et dynamiques de réalignement en France." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH038/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis studies partisan and electoral evolutions in France since the 1980s. The main hypothesis is that the 2007 elections represent a moment of rupture. Analysis of electoral change relies on realignment theory and cleavage theory. These theories help to articulate medium-term changes, which result from a reshaping of the political competition and long term changes, which stem from evolutions of society and of its main lines of division. An election, in order to be understood, needs to be replaced in a historical perspective, taking into account the path dependence in which it stands or from which it departs. This PhD thesis stresses the importance of periodization for making sense of the complexity of political phenomena, while distinguishing ‘spectacular' change from ‘fundamental' change.Using electoral results and survey data, we first analyze the electoral order instituted in 1984, and second, we explore the features which mark its collapse in 2007. We show that the rupture of 2007 does not result from an external shock, but rather from Nicolas Sarkozy's ‘race to the right' political strategy which put the FN and UMP electorates closer together. Since 2007, the old electoral order has not been reestablished, despite the recovery of the FN. The ‘Sarkozy revolution' of 2007 has not been erased because of the continuing radicalization of the UMP, while the centre is isolated and the left is in disarray following its comeback to power. The disorder observed since 2007, characterized by a high electoral volatility and the rise of new issues, represents a new realignment era with an uncertain future
Ogou, Dogba Blaise. "Les évolutions de la règle électorale dans les systèmes politiques transitionnels : les élections législatives en Europe du Sud-Est (1989-2009)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0019/document.
Full textThe central subject of this thesis concerns the developments of the electoral rule in postcommunistregimes and discusses the contribution of these changes to the democratization ofpolitical systems of Southeast Europe, from a sample of states (Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia,Romania and Serbia-Montenegro). Democratic transition and regime change involves theconstruction of a new political legitimacy. This legitimacy is through elections that are at theheart of democracy. This work seeks to understand how the rules are chosen these elections.The choice of electoral system is, to a large extent, the result of several processes. The focus onthe determinants of adoption and electoral reform to understanding the motivations and goalsof the developments of the electoral rule in post-communist Europe. The study of the reformedlegislation and behavior analysis of electoral allow players to see that the political leaders haveoften bypassed the democratic sense of the electoral standard. In this sample of countries,changes in the electoral rule had consequences on the number of political parties represented inParliament. Regime change has favored the alternation of parliamentary and electoralmajorities. This alternation shows that the democratic principles of elections contribute to thedemocratic stabilization, even if the context and the political stakes in this region favor a relativeinstability of parliamentary and government majority
Kella-Konstantopoulos, Vassiliki. "La production du système d'images discursives en fonction de la programmation argumentative dans le sous genre discursif du meeting electoral." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131015.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the stady of speech image production during electoral meeting. Its first part concerning both the construction of research subject (argument programming) and the methodology approach (the a. P. U. I. D. (analysis of speech image universe production) model at six stages. The second part refer to the situational and communicational contracts of political field and electoral time. The third part refer to the argument programming analysis. At last the forth and fifth parts concerning the analysis interpretation in the other words they concerning the way of wich the speech images are product
Queiroz, Athias Leonardo. "L'étude des votes blancs et nuls dans deux pays à vote obligatoire : une comparaison entre Brésil et Belgique." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40026.
Full textMidépé, Thierry Aristide. "Le vote au Gabon : lecture du processus électoral à travers les élections législatives et présidentielles, 1946-2001." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30058.
Full textNowaday, political election has become synonymous with democratic political life. In black Africa, heaviness around this institution seems it looks like a game which result is already known. However, is it possible to really undrstand black. Africa without looking back to its roots? Practice inherited from the complicated colonial history, the electoral process knew a long history and various seasons. Keeping in mind its historical dimension, it results that the gabonese specifical situation is central in the political life functioning. The election maintenance and practice in the different political governments to the detriment of freedom rules and economic competition are the evidence of a certain interest in election with regard to other political institutions. The electoral practices logics results complex and some of them don’t permit empirical analysis. When the election role is analysed in the political history of the country, it seens that they represent one of the most important instrument responsible for the long life the leader’s political mandate. To reach this immobilization, the main actors didn’t hesitated to mobilize etnic groups. So, after being, at the beginning, organized and controled by the colonizer, the elections were devoted to political authoritarianism when the country was proclamed independant in 1960. The democratic influence and the coming back of plural elections throw the political scene into confusion and promoted the emergence of african democratic exemples. In Gabon, this hope seems to dwindle away faced with the death throes of the national opposition and with the hegemony of the former single party and both announce the single party is coming back
Kishikawa, Yasushi. "Les conséquences politiques du système électoral sur la démocratie locale en France et au Japon : "accountability" et "responsiveness" du gouvernement municipal." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21013.
Full textElections form the foundations of the representative system. This research is based on the understanding that it is necessary to revisit representative democracy, which is today frequently questioned in the perspective of real and/or utopian expectation of " participative" democracy. The thesis focuses on one of the traditional research fields of political science : political consequences of the electoral system. In this thesis, two countries with different political traditions have been studied : France and Japan. The originality of the research is also found in the choice of the local municipality policies as objects of observation, namely, policies for the disabled people and urban neighbourhood policies. The thesis is composed of four sections. The first section consists of an elaborate study of the French and Japanese municipal institutions. The second section is dedicated to the historical study of the electoral systems, precondition necessary to understand the relationship between the political system and the national political history. The third one examines the political consequences of the electoral system in terms of party system, of political competition conditions and of relationship between political actors and voters. Finally, the last section analyzes the democratic governance of the local municipalities by mobilizing two concepts of political representation : " accountability " and " responsiveness ". In short, the thesis tries to understand the features of the local democracy in France and in Japan by highlighting the configuration of the political system and its specific function as a consequence of the electoral system
Ladmiral, Guillaume. "L’empire des expédients : achat de voix, répression des fraudes électorales et système politique dans le Japon d’avant-guerre (1890-1937)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0005.
Full textThis thesis is a reappraisal of salient features of the political and party systems in prewar Japan (1890-1937). Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data on vote buying and governmental interference in electoral campaigns demonstrate that the first practice was massive and generalized; and that the second was systematic. These two practices were tied by a functional relationship since the most common form of governmental interference consisted in a partisan bias in the repression of electoral frauds. The core of electoral politics was a functional set of expedients. The collective actors of this system are characterized as specimens of the “cartel party stratarchic, clientelistic, catch-all” type, many political parties that did not activate any sociological or ideological cleavage. The two electoral expedients bore many systemic consequences and were the most powerful ways of the politicization of social relationships in this society. The concluding chapter is a comparative examination of the characteristics and properties of vote buying in prewar Japan to those of the same practice in other societies, the 19th century United States of America and Britain, or 20th century Latin America and Taiwan
Pilet, Jean-Benoît. "Réformer le système électoral en Belgique: une mise en cause du modèle consociatif ?l'analyse des fondements de trois réformes électorales débattues entre 1990 et 2005." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210759.
Full textSiriyutwatana, Takoon. "Le contentieux des élections politiques en Thaïlande." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10020.
Full textThe fall of the absolute monarchy in Thailand does not mean the complete establishment of democracy in Thailand. Since the Siamese Revolution of 1932, democratization has not seemingly accomplished despite that fact that the constitution has been continuously revised and the current constitution is the eighteenth one. There are many possible reasons for this failure: the excessive influence of the Royal Thai Army, the political intervention of the former power, the economic and social gap between the elites and the lower-class, and the inability of parliamentary representatives. In addition, the more important fact is that the legal system and the functioning of the courts create these difficulties, in particular, concerning the electoral litigation. As one of reasons for the political failure, the election has also been questioned at the issue of its sincerity and people’s political rights and liberties. Does “the control of the political elections” really keep the electoral sincerity and sufficiently ensure political rights and liberties of the people? How the democratization of Thailand can be carried out under the contemporary legal system and this political context? What will the future of the Thai political system look like? The answers to these questions are in the study of the legal regime of political elections and of the functioning of the courts in electoral system
Mimesse, Me Fame Marie. "L’élection présidentielle comme levier de pérennisation dans le système élitaire au Cameroun de 1992 à 2011." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20025.
Full textOur work aims at studying how the thermidorian-type elite integrations witnessed in Cameroon from 1992 to 2011 are set up and evolve, based on transactions linked to the candidacy for presidential elections. In december 1990, after 4 decades of one-party presidential system, opposition forces emerged thanks to the liberalisation of political life in december 1990, with the aim of toppling the powers that be, through a revolutionary move. After two decades of pluralism, some members of the opposition who have not succeeded to replace the people in power are integrated into public bodies of the regime, thus causing a thermidorian revolution. We are reviewing the various elements (system andsituational) facilitating elite integration at the end of an authoritarian period and which foster the integration of former revolutionaries into the centre of power. The following conditions are reviewed, including: a centralised elite structure which hinders the setting up of a polycentre for an independent opposition, a decentralised elite recruitment, mesocratism as a practice in the political field. Situational elements which promote the integration of post-authoritarian elite and that we are analysing are the following :emerging elite possess the characteristics of the new order of political game (democraticreferences), elite in the central power lack of this new characteristics, intermediary elite are able to mount pressure on the central power to change the political agenda, and lastly, the elite in power can use institutional levers at their disposal to bring the various existing factions together
Leshem, Barouch. "La communication politique en Israël : le processus de personnalisation dans les campagnes électorales télévisées en Israël de 1984 à 2001 et son influence dans le système politique." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082813.
Full textThis study examines the personalization of Israeli elections during the last twenty years as reflected in 423 television propaganda spots broadcasted during five election campaigns between 1984 and 2001. This study looks at the evolution of this phenomenon in the context of the direct prime ministerial elections implemented in Israel between 1996 and 2003. To this end, five election campaigns were examined : two proportional system election campaigns (1984 and 1988), one that preceded the implementation of the new system but in which the Labor party used propaganda characteristic of the direct system (1992), and two that employed the direct election system (1996 and 1999)
Durand, François. "Vers des modes de scrutin moins manipulables." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066519/document.
Full textWe investigate the coalitional manipulation of voting systems: is there a subset of voters who, by producing an insincere ballot, can secure an outcome that they strictly prefer to the candidate who wins if all voters provide a sincere ballot? From a theoretical point of view, we develop a framework that allows us to study all kinds of voting systems: ballots can be linear orders of preferences over the candidates (ordinal systems), grades or approval values (cardinal systems) or even more general objects. We prove that for almost all voting systems from literature and real life, manipulability can be strictly diminished by adding a preliminary test that elects the Condorcet winner if one exists. Then we define the notion of decomposable culture and prove that it is met, in particular, when voters are independent. Under this assumption, we prove that for any voting system, there exists a voting system that is ordinal, has some common properties with the original voting system and is at most as manipulable. As a consequence of these theoretical results, when searching for a voting system whose manipulability is minimal (in a class of reasonable systems), investigation can be restricted to those that are ordinal and meet the Condorcet criterion.In order to provide a tool to investigate these questions in practice, we present SVVAMP, a Python package we designed to study voting systems and their manipulability. We use it to compare the coalitional manipulability of several voting systems in a variety of cultures, i.e. probabilistic models generating populations of voters with random preferences. Then we perform the same kind of analysis on real elections. Lastly, we determine voting systems with minimal manipulability for very small values of the number of voters and the number of candidates and we compare them with classical voting systems from literature and real life. Generally speaking, we show that the Borda count, Range voting and Approval voting are especially vulnerable to manipulation. In contrast, we find an excellent resilience to manipulation for the voting system called IRV (also known as STV) and its variant Condorcet-IRV
Aït-Aoudia, Myriam. "L'apprentissage de la compétition pluripartisane en Algérie (1988-1992) : sociologie d'un changement de régime." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010346.
Full textEsposito, Gabriele. "Representation, power and electoral rules : myths and paradoxes : a computational and experimental approach." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0152.
Full textIs the human being, single man or group, able to understand the influence she has inside a decisional committee? Is she able to treat aIl members fairly in the designing process of a parliamentary assembly, or she will give life to bizarre creatures with pure political motivations? Are current voting rules able to avoid paradoxical outcomes after an election has been run? This thesis answers to these questions using tools from cooperative and non-cooperative game theory, combining a computational and an experimental approach. The first part of the work analyze two-tiers voting systems and electoral laws. The second part focuses on human learning in games associated to the ability of people to choose the situation attributing them the largest power
Thiam, Abdou Rahmane. "La sélection du personnel politique au Sénégal (1981-2001) : Contribution à l'étude de la professionnalisation politique de candidats à l'accès au parlement dans une démocratie hybride." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10014.
Full textPerrot, Delphine. "Asymétries d'information et structures multigouvernementales : une application aux décisions publiques dans l'Union Européenne." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010044.
Full textCojocaru, Corina. "Les régimes parlementaires et le mécanisme constitutionnel en Europe centrale et orientale : Albanie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Moldavie, République tchèque." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010364.
Full textAmong the 17 countries from Central and Eastern Europe, only 6 are parliamentary regimes with a type of Govermnent of Cabinet : Albania, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Republic of Moldova and the Czech Republic, where the Presidents are being elected by the Parliaments and the executive power is bicephal. This mode of government is difficult to apply in practice in Central and Eastern Europe, since it raises certain questions in different countries, either because of the fact that the construction of a new political regime depended upon a sub-category of a post-communist model from the period of 1989 (initial, frozen and mature), or because of the fact that some countries do not have a veritable tradition of parliamentary democracy, as well as of the fact that the type of Government of Cabinet was more of a casual choice in the researched region, or because of the fact that the Parliaments from these countries do not have strong powers and a stable parliamentary majority (consequences of the type of electoral scrutiny). We have emphasized in this study the importance of the revision of certain Constitutions, especially in the Republic of Moldova (a country that had several political regimes since the independence proclamation in 1991) and the Czech Republic, as well as a redefinition of the interests of political actors, with a view to strengthen the legality over policy, by the consolidation of the role of the Constitutional Court, hereby defending the Constitution and ensuring a viable parliamentary system, based on real cooperation of all powers, where the Government does not present itself as the “absolute power” over the responsibilities of the Parliament
Barakat, Rabih. "La participation politique des minorités nationales musulmanes en Europe." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA017.
Full textThe political participation of a minority protects her cultural identity and reinforces peace and integration in the state. In order to be able to enjoy full rights to political participation, the new European Muslim minorities have to be legally recognized as minorities and this must be done without requiring citizenship and long term residence. International institutions tend to consider that minorities no longer need these two criteria to qualify for minority rights. However, this trend is not followed by states. Political participation is a broad concept that includes all political institutionalized or informal activities. The effective participation of minorities requires their enjoyment of fundamental rights to freedom of expression, assembly and association and the right to vote, to be elected and access to the public service ( for citizens ). Real equality and effective participation of minorities require the adoption of affirmative action measures, which may concern the right to vote (representation) or the right to participate in decision-making (participation) through mechanisms such as territorial, cultural and functional autonomy. A wide range of international legal provisions (mostly declaratory or soft law) and state legislations promoting participation offer useful means to solve the problem. States can use them to generate the most appropriate system of minority participation in any state or minority context
Vitiello, Thomas. "Peeking on the campaign : online Voting Advice Applications : challenges and prospects for electoral studies in the digital era." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0001/document.
Full textOnline Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) are websites or online applications that show voters which party or candidate is closest to their own political ideas based on how they mark their positions on an ample range of policy issues. In addition to providing voters with reliable information in a structured manner, VAAs are an innovative data-collection tool on issue positions and on a wide set of other indicators. The main scope of this dissertation is to use VAA-collected data to learn about online information exposure during campaigns across media systems. Building on the realistic view of the Web’s political potential and its impact on the public, this dissertation test the hypothesis that VAA use by different voter groups (partisan, doubting and undecided voters) varies across media systems. The analyses of VAA-collected data in seven electoral democracies across three different types of media systems (Democratic Corporatist, Liberal, and Polarized Pluralist) show that media systems are key mediators to explain online information exposure. The second scope of this dissertation is to use VAA-collected data for the sake of electoral analysis, in particular to study issue-voting and campaign dynamics analyses. Several analyses are carried out using data collected by the French VAA of La Boussole présidentielle. This dissertation shows that, despite being non-probabilistic, VAA samples can serve as a very informative tool for the study of political and communication processes during electoral campaigns if integrated within an appropriate research framework and with the use of proper statistical adjustment
Kawada, Yutaka. "La présence de la politique dans les médias au Japon : l'ingérence de la politique et les stratégies médiatiques du pouvoir face à l'évolution des médias." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020023.
Full textNowadays in the society, the media are essential and very important for the activities of people. The media have developed with the evolution of social and economic systems as well as technological advancements. The media were used by the authorities to control the society during the war, when the freedom of expression was severely limited. However, after the period of the occupation, Japan won the state of a democratic regime, where the media could enjoy freedom of expression. The 1955 system, where domination by one party of Parliament ( the LDP ) continued without interruption for 38 years, was created by the unique conditions of politics in Japan. However, later, the media contributed greatly to the fall of this strong political system with long duration. Now the media have a tendency to exert a great influence on politics. On the other hand, the authorities began to take measures to control the media in favor of their policy, which is interference in the media and made considerable pressure on their expression activities. Under the situation where media freedom is limited, the people, however, reacted against the authorities with new means and the relationship between media and politics is becoming more serious for us today
Deseuche, Vincent. "Tableau politique de la Mayenne au XIXè siècle." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT3005.
Full textTraditionalism and conservatism are very often the first terms that spring to mind when defining the department Mayenne, such is the extent that the Chouan revolt, the battle between the whites and the blues in which the country folk actively took part, has left its mark on Western France. In light of analysis of the elections and nominations of political and administrative staff in the 19th century, their successes and misfortunes, and their actions in local assemblies or in the Chambers, the desire both to perpetuate the evolutions and revolutions of the nation and the need for modernity nevertheless arises. When public figures and dynasties come into view after the Napoleonic era, the opinions of the elected representatives of the landholding monarchy and the country proper differ from time to time. Universal suffrage leaves nobles in positions of power, progressively shaping the political identity of the department, combining respect of traditional values and republicanism to create a moderated republicanism
Cojocaru, Corina. "Les régimes parlementaires et le mécanisme constitutionnel en Europe centrale et orientale : Albanie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Moldavie et République Tchèque." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA01A260.
Full textDe, Souza Waldémar. "La place des élites religieuses et traditionnelles au Bénin : l'impact de leurs relations avec les élites politiques sur le maintien de l'Etat démocratique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0403/document.
Full textThe apparition of democracy in Benin has contributed to the emergence ofreligious and traditional elites on the public stage. These elites have seized theopportunity that the institutional state transformations have offered them to organizethemselves into lobbies and to try to improve their social situation. However, theirambitions go beyond their traditional domains, and these religious and traditional eliteswish to participate in the development of public policy and of the Beninese state. Thisambition underlines the probability of the development of a joint or plural managementof cities, notably on a local level, between political, religious and traditional elites.Also, although the position of the Beninese state concerning religious and traditionalchieftainships has varied since the declaration of independence and the state recognizesthat these chieftainships have a certain importance, these the status of these socialinstitutions remains unclear. However, the country’s successive governments andpolitical elites can have an instrumental conception of these relations. It is also worthnoting that the religious and traditional elites do not remain passive concerning the stateand political elites’ actions. There can be several different kinds of response to thequestion of how these political, religious and traditional elites come together, responseswhich imply certain relational configurations which have an impact on the Beninesestate
Pennec, Tangui. "Géopolitique d’une « banlieue bleue » : les Hauts-de-Seine dans le Grand Paris : un essai d’analyse géopolitique locale." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080076/document.
Full textSince they were created in 1964, the Hauts-de-Seine have been a stronghold of the Ile-de-France's right wing. The political stakes are high as this 'departement-metropole' is often qualified as the second richest after Paris. Like the hub of La Defense, which has become Europe's first business centre, the Hauts-de-Seine have lately undergone deep sociological and economical changes as well as consequent urban transformations. The geopolitical analyse proves itself meaningful to understand these mutations. They indeed are tightly connected to a set of territorial strategies, the aim of which is the political control of the Hauts-de-Seine. The right-wing thus contrived, set up and developped a local geopolitical system which, to many aspects, is the mirror image of the red suburb. This dissertation first shows how the Hauts-de-Seine's blue suburb was organized. It then focuses on how the actors of the local geopolitical system operate by insisting on the outstanding geopolitical dimension of the public policies of the urban planning and on how this transformed the aspect of the department's cities. It also focuses on the competition for power at a metropolitan scale. Confronted to the risk of being assimilated by the Greater Paris, the departement is developping a large-scale geopolitical project, the merging between the Hauts-de-Seine and the Yvelines which, if put in practice, would make these suburbs a major blue suburb
Barat, Raphaël. "« Les élections que fait le peuple » : (République de Genève, vers 1680-1707) : Théorie politique et enjeux sociaux : rituels, techniques de vote et brigues électorales." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20103.
Full textBy leaning on « The elections the people does » in the Republic of Geneva, we have set to reach two objectives. On the one hand, we wanted to shed light on a subject which has been largely overlooked by the scholarly literature concerning the 30 last years of the “long sleep” of the General Council. On the other hand, we wanted to raise larger questions about the history of voting and electoral proceedings in the Ancien Regime through the exceptionally well-documented case of Geneva. In crossing these two approaches, we will reinterrogate the concept of formality, which has often been used about these elections, and use various scales of analysis and points of view. Even if popular elections do not play a central role in the constitutional system or in the accession to offices, they still have a theoretical and practical importance in Geneva (1st part. What is the use of elections?).Though legitimacy lies elsewhere, both in governmental theory which considers power as the patrimony of certain families, and for the citizens in the opposition party in 1707 who want to restore the sovereignty of the General Council through the direct exercise of its powers (the vote of laws, of new taxes etc.) and never envision a representative system, popular elections still create a particular link between some magistrates and the people (Ch.1). Though the outcome of these elections is often highly predictable, it is not always so and we see that there are stakes if we look close enough: the game is more open when one of the seats for the syndicate is vacant and, though the incumbent syndics are always reelected during our period, citizens have threatened several times that they would “skip the old ones” (Ch.2). The multiple precautions adopted in the manner of electing also show that these popular elections matter, and in a different way for the government and for citizens(2d part. How to elect?). Despite the aristocratic hierarchy maintained by the order of precedence, the electoral ritual must preserve the theoretical sovereignty of the people (Ch.3). Though the spatial organization of the vote and the practice of the auricular vote put citizens under pressure, they finally rise against this system and obtain the vote by ballot and the voting booth, a great novelty in Europe at the time (Ch.4). Finally, some citizens are involved in the election in a quite peculiar way, by taking part in electoral cabals, which are a great social occasion both for cabal leaders and for bribed voters, and which we can discover in great details thanks to exceptional primary sources such as the investigation files in the trials for caballing (Ch.5)
España, Ruiz Rodrigo. "La consolidation démocratique au Chili. Ou comment surmonter les enclaves autoritaires." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030107.
Full textMarch 11th of 1990 marks the end of Pinochet´s authoritarian regime, which lasted about 17 years. That day the new democratic authorities took office thereby initiating the process of democratic consolidation. Before the change of regime, during the process of transition to democracy, it became clear that one of the main challenges of the democratic government would be the elimination of authoritarian enclaves. These erode and undermine a democratic regime allowing certain institutions and/or stakeholders to determine the limits of democratic consolidation.In this research we analyze what happened with two types of authoritarian enclaves, institutional and stakeholder. Regarding the first type of enclave we decided to analyze the Constitution of 1980, the binominal electoral system and the Amnesty Law of 1978. We were particularly interested in seeing how these were suppressed, unarticulated, neutralized or canceled during the democratic consolidation. As for the second type of enclave we chose to analyze the behavior of the judges of the Supreme Court, the Army and some sectors within the political parties of the Chilean right. Our attention was aimed at determining if these stakeholders had undergone a process of change that allowed them to get rid of the connotation of the authoritarian enclave
Ba, Oumar. "La politisation des partis à caractère ethnique dans les pays postcommunistes d’Europe Centrale et Orientale : une comparaison des trajectoires de la Bulgarie, la Serbie, le Monténégro et le Kosovo." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40052.
Full textThe revolutions of Eastern induced fragmentation of States were accompanied internally by a revival of ethnic parties, which is not without its problems in political democracy. Transitions and even more democratic consolidation are emerging a double phenomenon of interaction between actors and the system in search of a new equilibrium. Ethnic parties then politicize the system opens the ethnic actor. We are witnessing an evolutionary adjustment of the system to the new situation. The system opens to the new demands ethnic ways and to different degrees: between legalization and tolerance. Side actors, are gradually returning ethnic parties in the political game, in different ways and to different degrees. In our problem the field deploy interactive relationships between multi-level actors (parties-States) and in the various fields (political, societal and legal). Their connections are crossed between the State and international space, public and civil, political and social, with host countries or origin, but also the third States. They are separatist ambitions or simply political lobbies. We tried to highlight the main aspects of the complexity of the ethnic issue in young democracies political '' in consolidation ''. The ethnic problem of CEEC can help us to complete updating some general visions of political science? The actors involved are invited to avoid the pitfalls of nationalism perceived as '' petty '' or '' chaotic '' while serving the cause of a more flexible policy integration to the ‘‘democratic peace’’
McDougall, Simon. "Le mode de scrutin a-t-il un impact sur le processus de décision électorale et cet impact varie-t-il en fonction de la sophistication politique ?" Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17432.
Full textSaint-Martin-Audet, Grégoire. "Représentation proportionnelle et participation électorale : l’hétérogénéité des populations importe-t-elle?" Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22254.
Full textLabbé, St-Vincent Simon. "Élections expérimentales : la désertion stratégique et la participation sous différents modes de scrutin." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8373.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the relationship between the electoral system and two important behaviors of civic life: participation in an election and the strategic desertion of the preferred candidate. These topics are addressed in very important books in political science. From theory (Duverger, 1954; Downs, 1957) to empirical research using surveys (Abramson, 2010; Blais, 2010), various methodologies have been used to better explain voter's choices. My contribution to knowledge is the use of experimental methods to better understand both similarities and differences in voter behavior under the plurality system (PLU) and the proportional representation (PR) system and the individual level mechanisms that produce these similarities and differences. The core of the thesis consists of three articles summarized below: Article 1. Experimental elections conducted in Montreal, Paris and Brussels estimate the direct influence of the voting system on the voters' decision whether to vote or not, and vote for their preferred party or another party. In all, 16 groups of 21 voters take part in elections under different electoral systems. The systems are simple plurality and proportional representation. Preferences are randomly assigned and known by all participants. Our results indicate that voting is globally not more sincere and that voter turnout is not higher under the proportional system. However, we observe less desertion of small parties under the proportional system. Article 2. We perform a laboratory experiment to explain why voters sometimes vote for a party other than the preferred one. The main conclusion of the paper is that in addition to voter preferences, perceptions of winning chances and belief in the possibility of affecting the outcome are key factors in the voter’s decision to vote sincerely or not. When they desert their first choice, voters consider their preferences and the viability of the alternatives. Voters who like to take risks are more prone to desert. Article 3. This paper examines the decision to vote or not in experimental elections. We replicate the important findings of Duffy and Tavits (2008) with a different design. Our results support their finding, that is, turnout is affected by the belief that one's vote counts and overestimation of the probability that one's vote counts does not decrease completely over time. Going beyond previous research, we also find that turnout is not higher under a proportional system than under a plurality system, and beliefs about being in a pivotal disposition have a greater impact on turnout among the risk averse.
Santos, Julia Andreevna Batrak dos. "Comportement électoral et mouvements protestataires en Russie lors des élections législatives de 2011 et présidentielles de 2012." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/8439.
Full textThis study deals with the electoral behavior and protest movements in Russia during the last 2011 legislative and 2012 presidential elections. First of all, its main purposes are to determine, in a quantitative approach, the electoral preferences of Russians during the electoral campaigns of 2011-2012, as well as the principal explanatory voting factors during these elections; secondly, using a quantitative and qualitative approaches, to analyze the reasons behind the appearance of those protest movements in the main cities of the country, as a consequence of 2011 legislative elections, and also to study their eventual impact on the 2012 presidential elections electoral behavior. This investigation intends to bring a new knowledge to Russian electoral behavior scientific area, and, in addition, to enlighten the reader about the development of protest movements in Russia. Keywords: , , , , , , , .
Fillion, Guillaume. "La réforme électorale en Nouvelle-Zélande en 1996 : analyse des causes et des effets." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1130/1/M10464.pdf.
Full textRicard, Maxime. "Est-ce que les systèmes proportionnels produisent des gouvernements dont la durée est plus courte que les systèmes pluralitaires ?" Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17434.
Full textLafleur, Jocelyn. "La réforme du mode de scrutin au Québec : solution ou illusion?" Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1179/1/M10380.pdf.
Full textFournier, Marc-André. "La droite radicale en Autriche : particularismes régionaux et fluctuations électorales." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2187/1/M10893.pdf.
Full textJacob, Rafael. "Anatomie d'un tsunami : explications de la montée du Tea Party." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5190/1/M12737.pdf.
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