Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Text level / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Text level.

Journal articles on the topic 'Text level'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Text level.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Kojdan, E., and L. Gogina. "PHONETIC LEVEL OF TEXT STYLISM." National Association of Scientists 3, no. 66 (2021): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2021.3.66.411.

Full text

Abstract:

The article highlights the importance of the phonetic level of linguistics to identify the stylistic features of the text, both at the level of sound means of artistic expression, and in the phono-pronouncing prosodic manner. The phonetic aspect of the style of discourse serves as a means of social communication, in connection with which it emphasizes the convergence of all language levels in the organization of stylistic coherence of the text, attention is paid to the importance of preserving the author's phonostyle in the practice of translation. The paper reveals the manifestation of phonos

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Watt, J. H. "Level of abstraction structured text." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 18, no. 4 (1988): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/21.17367.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Kruh, Louis. "COLLEGE-LEVEL MATH CRYPTO TEXT." Cryptologia 29, no. 3 (2005): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01611190508951308.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Izyumsky, A. B. "Text-book with deepening level." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 7 (July 2019): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.07-19.107.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Elhoseiny, Mohamed, and Ahmed Elgammal. "Text to multi-level MindMaps." Multimedia Tools and Applications 75, no. 8 (2015): 4217–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2467-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Allayev, Zafar Mengboyevich. "THE NOTION OF ONEIROSPHERIC TEXT." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 6 (2024): 688–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12608257.

Full text

Abstract:

This articles discusses and summaries a number of notions related to text linguistics that helps language learners how read texts and analyze them critically, and suggests some useful strategies to improve reading comprehension.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Fabrizio, Jonathan, Beatriz Marcotegui, and Matthieu Cord. "Text detection in street level images." Pattern Analysis and Applications 16, no. 4 (2013): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10044-013-0329-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Murrel, Sharon L., and Thaddeus J. Kowalski. "Monk: A High-Level Text Compiler." AT&T Technical Journal 68, no. 4 (1989): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1989.tb00077.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Nor, Hidayah Zainal Abidin, and Abdul Samat Pathiah. "Requirements identification for distributed agile team communication using high level carotene." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 1 (2021): 249–57. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i1.2031.

Full text

Abstract:

Communication plays an important role to deliver the correct information. However, the communication became challenging especially for agile software teams, which are in geographical distributed. The problem arise when there are exchanging information using unstructured communication platform, misunderstanding on the information communicated and lack of documentation. The aim of this study is to propose a text classification technique for requirements identification in text messages. In this study, we adopted the cascade and cluster classification concept of Carotene that relies on the hash ta

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ioana, Boghian. "The Metaphor of the 'House as Text' in Victorian Novels." Limbaj si context 2/2015, no. 7 (2017): 66–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.495101.

Full text

Abstract:

After the poetic metaphor (of the Aristotelic and classical rhetoric schools), and the linguistic metaphor (belonging to the historical linguistics and the philosophy of language), the metaphor has turned into a central topos in epistemology (M. Black, 1962; P. Ricoeur, 1975; T. van Dijk, 1975; J. Molino, 1979a, 1979b; A. Ortony, 1979 apud Rovenţa-Frumuşani, 2000); the metaphor has ceased, on the one hand, to be a poetic myth, becoming an explanatory principle in science (also in Johansen and Larsen, 2002) and, on the other hand, to restrict itself only to the lexical level, in order to enter

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Yeong, Yin-Lai, Tien-Ping Tan, and Keng Hoon Gan. "A Hybrid of Sentence-Level Approach and Fragment-Level Approach of Parallel Text Extraction from Comparable Text." Procedia Computer Science 161 (2019): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.139.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Mason, A. M., and N. C. Snaith. "Symplectic n-level densities with restricted support." Random Matrices: Theory and Applications 05, no. 04 (2016): 1650013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010326316500131.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we demonstrate that the alternative form, derived by us in an earlier paper, of the [Formula: see text]-level densities for eigenvalues of matrices from the classical compact group [Formula: see text] is far better suited for comparison with derivations of the [Formula: see text]-level densities of zeros in the family of Dirichlet [Formula: see text]-functions associated with real quadratic characters than the traditional determinantal random matrix formula. Previous authors have found ingenious proofs that the leading order term of the [Formula: see text]-level density of the z

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Ilic Mestric, Ivana, Arvid Kok, Giavid Valiyev, Michael Street, and Peter Lenk. "Aspect Level Sentiment Analysis Methods Applied to Text in Formal Military Reports." Information & Security: An International Journal 46, no. 3 (2020): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/isij.4616.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Shen, Zhenji, and Zhiyong Xiao. "A Chinese Short Text Similarity Method Integrating Sentence-Level and Phrase-Level Semantics." Electronics 13, no. 24 (2024): 4868. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13244868.

Full text

Abstract:

Short text similarity, as a pivotal research domain within Natural Language Processing (NLP), has been extensively utilized in intelligent search, recommendation systems, and question-answering systems. Most existing short-text similarity models focus on aligning the overall semantic content of an entire sentence, often ignoring the semantic associations between individual phrases in the sentence. It is particular in the Chinese context, as synonyms and near-synonyms can cause serious interference in the computation of text similarity. To overcome these limitations, a novel short text similari

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Xu, Shusheng, Xingxing Zhang, Yi Wu, and Furu Wei. "Sequence Level Contrastive Learning for Text Summarization." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 10 (2022): 11556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i10.21409.

Full text

Abstract:

Contrastive learning models have achieved great success in unsupervised visual representation learning, which maximize the similarities between feature representations of different views of the same image, while minimize the similarities between feature representations of views of different images. In text summarization, the output summary is a shorter form of the input document and they have similar meanings. In this paper, we propose a contrastive learning model for supervised abstractive text summarization, where we view a document, its gold summary and its model generated summaries as diff

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Periyasamy, K. "High-Level Text on Higher Order Logic." IEEE Software 13, no. 1 (1996): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.1996.476302.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Katata, Hiroyuki, Tomoko Aono, Yoji Noguchi, Masaki Takakura, and Noritoshi Kakoh. "Reversible coding of multi-level text image." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 44, no. 3 (1990): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.44.338.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Barney, George. "Control text is pitched at undergraduate level." Microprocessors and Microsystems 10, no. 4 (1986): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-9331(86)90158-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Nohachevska, Inna, and Liudmyla Komarnitska. "The Typology of Poetic Text Comprehension." Collection of Research Papers "Problems of Modern Psychology" 60 (June 29, 2023): 162–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2023-60.162-184.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the research is to assess the relevance of the research of psychological features of understanding contemporary poetry by future philolo-gists on the basis of questionnaires; to propose the levels of understanding the text.methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the re-search were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systemati-zation, modeling, generalization. The method of organizing empirical research was used as the experimental method.the results of the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Velleman, Eric, and Thea van der Geest. "Online Test Tool to Determine the CEFR Reading Comprehension Level of Text." Procedia Computer Science 27 (2014): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.02.039.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Bikowski, Dawn. "Tapestry Series Level 2." TESOL Journal 10, no. 4 (2001): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1949-3533.2001.tb00052.x.

Full text

Abstract:

Reading 2: Michael Ryall (Student text, Pp. 203) Writing 2: Laurie Blass and Meredith Pike‐Baky: (Student text, Pp. 235)Listening & Speaking 2: Mary McVey Gill and Pamela Hartmann (Student text, Pp. 245)(Also available: Instructor's Manuals and CNN® video clips) Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle, 2000

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Qu, Yadong, Qingfeng Tan, Hongtao Xie, Jianjun Xu, YuXin Wang, and Yongdong Zhang. "Exploring Stroke-Level Modifications for Scene Text Editing." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 2 (2023): 2119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i2.25305.

Full text

Abstract:

Scene text editing (STE) aims to replace text with the desired one while preserving background and styles of the original text. However, due to the complicated background textures and various text styles, existing methods fall short in generating clear and legible edited text images. In this study, we attribute the poor editing performance to two problems: 1) Implicit decoupling structure. Previous methods of editing the whole image have to learn different translation rules of background and text regions simultaneously. 2) Domain gap. Due to the lack of edited real scene text images, the netwo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Denroche, Charles. "Text metaphtonymy." Metaphor and the Social World 8, no. 1 (2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.16011.den.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This article starts by looking at the various ways metonymic and metaphoric thinking, as independent phenomena, organize text at discourse level. The literature on metaphor in discourse is classified under three broad categories, ‘metaphor clusters’, ‘metaphor chains’ and ‘extended metaphor’, while the less extensive body of research on metonymy in discourse is analyzed into parallel categories, ‘metonymy clusters’, ‘metonymy chains’ and ‘extended metonymy’. The article goes on to look at the ways in which metonymy-in-discourse and metaphor-in-discourse phenomena combine in making mea

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Gopal, Revathi, and Magdelena Long Mering. "Reading With EDSAW Acronym at Tertiary Level." English Education Journal 13, no. 3 (2022): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/eej.v13i3.28351.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the use of the EDSAW acronym, a reading strategy in locating contextual clues systematically among tertiary-level students. It takes a quantitative research design to answer the research question, ‘How effective is the use of the EDSAW acronym in comprehending a reading text?’ The sample was selected based on a purposive sampling technique that comprised 10 students from a public university who scored band 4 in the Malaysian University English Test (MUET). The data collection technique involves a pre-test and a post-test. A reading text was given during the pre-test

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Lee, Kangwook, Sanggyu Han, and Sung-Hyon Myaeng. "A discourse-aware neural network-based text model for document-level text classification." Journal of Information Science 44, no. 6 (2017): 715–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551517743644.

Full text

Abstract:

Capturing semantics scattered across entire text is one of the important issues for Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. It would be particularly critical with long text embodying a flow of themes. This article proposes a new text modelling method that can handle thematic flows of text with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in such a way that discourse information and distributed representations of text are incorporate. Unlike previous DNN-based document models, the proposed model enables discourse-aware analysis of text and composition of sentence-level distributed representations guided by the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Dougherty Stahl, Katherine A. "Complex Text or Frustration-Level Text: Using Shared Reading to Bridge the Difference." Reading Teacher 66, no. 1 (2012): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/trtr.01102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Stafura, Joseph Z., and Charles A. Perfetti. "Word-to-text integration: Message level and lexical level influences in ERPs." Neuropsychologia 64 (November 2014): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Chen, Jingye, Haiyang Yu, Jianqi Ma, Bin Li, and Xiangyang Xue. "Text Gestalt: Stroke-Aware Scene Text Image Super-resolution." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 1 (2022): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i1.19904.

Full text

Abstract:

In the last decade, the blossom of deep learning has witnessed the rapid development of scene text recognition. However, the recognition of low-resolution scene text images remains a challenge. Even though some super-resolution methods have been proposed to tackle this problem, they usually treat text images as general images while ignoring the fact that the visual quality of strokes (the atomic unit of text) plays an essential role for text recognition. According to Gestalt Psychology, humans are capable of composing parts of details into the most similar objects guided by prior knowledge. Li

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Liu, Tao, Xiaoyong Du, Yongdong Xu, Minghui Li, and Xiaolong Wang. "Partially Supervised Text Classification with Multi-Level Examples." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, no. 1 (2011): 890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.7969.

Full text

Abstract:

Partially supervised text classification has received great research attention since it only uses positive and unlabeled examples as training data. This problem can be solved by automatically labeling some negative (and more positive) examples from unlabeled examples before training a text classifier. But it is difficult to guarantee both high quality and quantity of the new labeled examples. In this paper, a multi-level example based learning method for partially supervised text classification is proposed, which can make full use of all unlabeled examples. A heuristic method is proposed to as

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ariyani, Etika. "INDONESIA’S INTERFERENCE IN TRANSLATING TEXT INTO ENGLISH TEXT." Linguistics and ELT Journal 3, no. 1 (2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/leltj.v3i1.818.

Full text

Abstract:

This research is aimed: (1) to reveal that interference of Indonesian language interrupt when the students at the sixth semester of FKIP in Muhammadiyah University of Mataram translate the English narrative past tense text; (2) to know the kinds of factors interrupted the students’ in translating English narrative the text. The population of study were students in FKIP Muhammadiyah University of Mataram. They consist of three classes from class A to C. The number of the population was 64 students so, the writer took only the 17 students as the samples, by using purposive sampling technique. Th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Bhargav, Rajyagor, and Rakholia Rajnish. "Tri-level handwritten text segmentation techniques for Gujarati language." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 7 (2021): 618–27. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i7.2146.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To improve the efficiency of tri-level segmentation tasks for handwritten Gujarati text. <strong>Methods:</strong> Using hybrid methods for tri-level segmentation, we have used line, word and character segmentation from the image. This study presents a segmentation paradigm that works with touching characters, slop of the line written on the page, character overlapping, etc. It evaluated on the dataset of 500+ images created by us on different writing sentences by different people. We have used the Horizontal projection technique for line se

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Orlov, Alexei O., Craig S. Lent, Cameron C. Thorpe, Graham P. Boechler, and Gregory L. Snider. "Experimental Test of Landauer's Principle at the Sub-$k_{\text{B}} T$ Level." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 51 (June 20, 2012): 06FE10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.51.06fe10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Silvia, Golubițchi. "Methodological Aspects of Multimodal Text Study in Primary School." Journal of Educational Theory and Practice DIDACTICA PRO... 23, no. 2-3 (138-139) (2023): 57–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7974409.

Full text

Abstract:

Multimedia means tend to have a strong impact on students. Multimodal texts are a way of using information technology in primary school, which combine two or more semiotic systems (linguistic, visual, audio, gestural, or spatial) and include several ways of representing reality, which can reach the receiver much easier and more effectively. The multimodal text highlights changes at content, didactic strategy, and goal level. Reading a multimodal text involves understanding, reception, interpretation, reflection, and evaluation, while composing one follows three stages: pre-editing, editing, an

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Lee, Minwoo, Yanghoon Kim, and Kyomin Jung. "Text Classification via Sentence-level Graph Convolutional Networks." KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices 25, no. 8 (2019): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/ktcp.2019.25.8.397.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ishihara, Manabu, Jun Shirataki, and Shogo Ieiri. "A Text Intelligibility of Three Level Speech Signal." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 112, no. 12 (1992): 849–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.112.12_849.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Hadley, Pamela A. "Language Sampling Protocols for Eliciting Text-Level Discourse." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 29, no. 3 (1998): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2903.132.

Full text

Abstract:

The identification of linguistic vulnerability in school-age students is likely to require collecting and analyzing samples of text-level discourse. Text-level discourse produced as part of narrative and expository tasks is more likely to reveal school-age children’s most advanced language abilities and to evoke more communication breakdowns and production errors. This article briefly reviews the research literature establishing the need to sample text-level discourse and identifies several issues for clinicians to consider when constructing their own language sampling protocols. The article c

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

J, Saranya, and Arunpriya C. "Survey on Clustering Algorithms for Sentence Level Text." International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology 10, no. 2 (2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22312803/ijctt-v10p111.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wen, Jiahui, Guangda Zhang, Hongyun Zhang, Wei Yin, and Jingwei Ma. "Speculative text mining for document-level sentiment classification." Neurocomputing 412 (October 2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2020.06.024.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Li, Wen, Duoqian Miao, and Weili Wang. "Two-level hierarchical combination method for text classification." Expert Systems with Applications 38, no. 3 (2011): 2030–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.07.139.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zahedi, Mohammad-hadi, and Mohsen Kahani. "SREC: Discourse-level semantic relation extraction from text." Neural Computing and Applications 23, no. 6 (2012): 1573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-012-1109-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Li, Wen-Hui, Song Yang, Yan Wang, Dan Song, and Xuan-Ya Li. "Multi-level similarity learning for image-text retrieval." Information Processing & Management 58, no. 1 (2021): 102432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102432.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sandor, Andras. "Siginification, Meaning, and the Text Level of Language." Indogermanische Forschungen 94, no. 1 (1989): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-1989-0106.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Liu, Xinhui, Jifa Chen, and Qiubo Huang. "Instance-Level Weighted Contrast Learning for Text Classification." Applied Sciences 15, no. 8 (2025): 4236. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084236.

Full text

Abstract:

With the explosion of information, the amount of text data has increased significantly, making text categorization a central area of research in natural language processing (NLP). Traditional machine learning methods are effective, but deep learning models excel in processing semantic information. Models such as CNN, RNN, LSTM, and GRU have emerged as powerful tools for text classification. Pre-trained models such as BERT and GPT have further advanced text categorization techniques. Contrastive learning has become a key research focus aimed at improving classification performance by learning t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Dyachenko, I. N. "Phonetic Level of the Text as the Interpretation Determinant." Philology & Human, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2021)1-01.

Full text

Abstract:

I.N. Dyachenko. Phonetic Level of the Text as the Interpretation Determinant. The article deals with modern paradigms of the text analysis. The text is considered the result of speech activity. The speech activity is an indispensable part of any individual’s activity. Recently, linguistics emphasizes that language is the way of representation of an individual’s mentality and consciousness. The text understanding is based on the system of concepts. As a result, the perception of the author’s idea is possible. The following approach is topical in the original text analysis. The interpreter is re

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Alkaldi, Wejdan, and Diana Inkpen. "Text Simplification to Specific Readability Levels." Mathematics 11, no. 9 (2023): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11092063.

Full text

Abstract:

The ability to read a document depends on the reader’s skills and the text’s readability level. In this paper, we propose a system that uses deep learning techniques to simplify texts in order to match a reader’s level. We use a novel approach with a reinforcement learning loop that contains a readability classifier. The classifier’s output is used to decide if more simplification is needed, until the desired readability level is reached. The simplification models are trained on data annotated with readability levels from the Newsela corpus. Our simplification models perform at sentence level,

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Cha, Sunkyo, and Bongkyoo Yoon. "Forecasting the Level and Types of North Korea’s Provocations with Text Mining." Journal of the Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 49, no. 5 (2023): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7232/jkiie.2023.49.5.441.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Chan, Ebby Waqqash Mohamad, Mohamad Shariff A. Hamid, Ali Md Nadzalan, and Eliza Hafiz. "Abdominal muscle activation: An EMG study of the Sahrmann five-level core stability test." Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 40, no. 02 (2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013702520500080.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Sahrmann five-level core stability test protocol has been used to evaluate the ability of the core muscles to stabilize the spine. However, validation studies on the Sahrmann protocol are limited. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the different levels of Sahrmann five-level core stability (levels 1–5) on the muscle activity of rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO). Methods: Twenty-two asymptomatic male participants aged 21.3[Formula: see text].59 years were recruited. Participants were instructed to perfor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Widyantoro, Agus, Jamilah Jamilah, and Ari Purnawan. "Text difficulty vs text readability: Students� voices." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 7, no. 1 (2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.7.1.125-136.

Full text

Abstract:

Reading is an essential skill to be mastered, especially by university students and it is the lecturers� responsibility to train their students to develop their reading skill. In order to do so, lecturers will have to develop materials or choose materials from existing books to be used in the teaching learning process. The text difficulty must be appropriate to the students� English proficiency level. This study was aimed at finding the students� perceptions of the difficulty of the texts used in the reading class and the corresponding text readability. This study utilized the survey design an

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Jha, Nitesh Kumar, and Arnab Mitra. "Introducing Word's Importance Level-Based Text Summarization Using Tree Structure." International Journal of Information Retrieval Research 10, no. 1 (2020): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijirr.2020010102.

Full text

Abstract:

Text-summarization plays a significant role towards quick knowledge acquisition from any text-based knowledge resource. To enhance the text-summarization process, a new approach towards automatic text-summarization is presented in this article that facilitates level (word importance factor)-based automated text-summarization. An equivalent tree is produced from the directed-graph during the input text processing with WordNet. Detailed investigations further ensure that the execution time for proposed automatic text-summarization, is strictly following a linear relationship with reference to th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Xiang, Lingyun, Shuanghui Yang, Yuhang Liu, Qian Li, and Chengzhang Zhu. "Novel Linguistic Steganography Based on Character-Level Text Generation." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (2020): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091558.

Full text

Abstract:

With the development of natural language processing, linguistic steganography has become a research hotspot in the field of information security. However, most existing linguistic steganographic methods may suffer from the low embedding capacity problem. Therefore, this paper proposes a character-level linguistic steganographic method (CLLS) to embed the secret information into characters instead of words by employing a long short-term memory (LSTM) based language model. First, the proposed method utilizes the LSTM model and large-scale corpus to construct and train a character-level text gene

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!