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Journal articles on the topic 'TG-GATEs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Corton, J. Christopher, Katharine L. Korunes, Jaleh Abedini, et al. "Thresholds Derived From Common Measures in Rat Studies Are Predictive of Liver Tumorigenic Chemicals." Toxicologic Pathology 48, no. 7 (2020): 857–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623320960412.

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We hypothesized that typical tissue and clinical chemistry (ClinChem) end points measured in rat toxicity studies exhibit chemical-independent biological thresholds beyond which cancer occurs. Using the rat in vivo TG-GATES study, 75 chemicals were examined across chemical-dose-time comparisons that could be linked to liver tumor outcomes. Thresholds for liver weight to body weight (LW/BW) and 21 serum ClinChem end points were defined as the maximum and minimum values for those exposures that did not lead to liver tumors in rats. Upper thresholds were identified for LW/BW (117%), aspartate ami

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2

Igarashi, Yoshinobu, Noriyuki Nakatsu, Tomoya Yamashita, et al. "Open TG-GATEs: a large-scale toxicogenomics database." Nucleic Acids Research 43, no. D1 (2014): D921—D927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku955.

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Abstract Toxicogenomics focuses on assessing the safety of compounds using gene expression profiles. Gene expression signatures from large toxicogenomics databases are expected to perform better than small databases in identifying biomarkers for the prediction and evaluation of drug safety based on a compound's toxicological mechanisms in animal target organs. Over the past 10 years, the Japanese Toxicogenomics Project consortium (TGP) has been developing a large-scale toxicogenomics database consisting of data from 170 compounds (mostly drugs) with the aim of improving and enhancing drug safe

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3

Durgam, Veena, and Dr K. Ragini. "Design of 32x32 Reversible Unsigned Multiplier Using Dadda Tree Algorithm." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 16251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.16251ecst.

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Multipliers are essential parts of every processor or computer. Microcontrollers and digital signal processors typically measure their performance on how many multiplications they can execute in a given amount of time. As a result, better multiplier designs are sure to increase system efficiency. A reversible Dadda multiplier is one such possible approach. The Dadda tree technique is used to construct two 32x32 reversible unsigned multipliers in this paper. The TG and FG gates are accustomed to create the partial product circuit in the first design. The PG and TG are utilized to create a parti

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Suzuki, Kosei, Masahide Nitta, Tetsuo Tabei, and Akito Hara. "Four-Terminal Polycrystalline-Silicon Vertical Thin-Film Transistors on Glass Substrates for pH Sensor Applications." ECS Transactions 114, no. 3 (2024): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11403.0049ecst.

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We developed polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) vertical thin-film transistors with a four-terminal structure. The TFT has two gates, called the top gate (TG) and bottom gate (BG), at opposite sites of the vertical poly-Si channel. The TG and BG are connected to the sensor and detection circuit, respectively. The variations in the pH of the solution were successfully detected by varying the output voltage of the outer circuit.

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Hill, Thomas, John Rooney, Jaleh Abedini, Hisham El-Masri, Charles E. Wood, and J. Christopher Corton. "Gene Expression Thresholds Derived From Short-term Exposures Identify Rat Liver Tumorigens." Toxicological Sciences 177, no. 1 (2020): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa102.

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Abstract Traditional methods for cancer risk assessment are resource-intensive, retrospective, and not feasible for the vast majority of environmental chemicals. In this study, we investigated whether quantitative genomic data from short-term studies may be used to set protective thresholds for potential tumorigenic effects. We hypothesized that gene expression biomarkers measuring activation of the key early events in established pathways for rodent liver cancer exhibit cross-chemical thresholds for tumorigenesis predictive for liver cancer risk. We defined biomarker thresholds for 6 major li

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6

V.Naga Lakshmi, E., and Dr N.Siva Sankara Reddy. "Estimation of Power for Reversible Subtractors." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20021.

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In recent years Reversible Logic Circuits (RLC) are proved to be more efficient in terms of power dissipation. Hence, most of the researchers developed Reversible logic circuits for low power applications. RLC are designed with the help of Reversible Logic Gates (RLG). Efficiency of the Reversible gates is measured in terms of Quantum cost, gate count, garbage output lines, logic depth and constant inputs. In this paper, measurement of power for RLG is done. Basic RLGs are designed using GDI technology and compared in terms of power dissipation. 1 bit Full subtractor is designed using EVNL gat

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7

Bajpai, Pratibha, Neeta Pandey, Kirti Gupta, Shrey Bagga, and Jeebananda Panda. "On Improving the Performance of Dynamic DCVSL Circuits." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8207104.

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This contribution aims at improving the performance of Dynamic Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic (Dy-DCVSL) and Enhanced Dynamic Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic (EDCVSL) and suggests three architectures for the same. The first architecture uses transmission gates (TG) to reduce the logic tree depth and width, which results in speed improvement. As leakage is a dominant issue in lower technology nodes, the second architecture is proposed by adapting the leakage control technique (LECTOR) in Dy-DCVSL and EDCVSL. The third proposed architecture combines features of both the firs

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8

Anjani Devi, N., T. Lokesh, H. S. P. Tejomurthy, and Sreenivasa Rao Ijjada. "Compact Modeling of Capacitance Based 14 nm Triple Gate FinFET Using Verilog-A." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (2020): 4553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9278.

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Technology down scaling process divulges, the unveiled short channel effects (SCEs), which disrupts the behavior of bulk CMOS technology. In order to overcome these unveiled effects, the single gate controlling mechanism should be replaced with multiple gate mechanism to enhance the control of gate over the conducting channel. FinFET is a promising technology, which provides efficient gate controlling over the channel by multiple gates. Some of the multi gate FinFET devices are Double gate FinFET (DG-FinFET), Triple gate FinFET (TG-FinFET). In this paper, a charge based capacitance model has b

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9

Yu, Yunseop, and Jungbum Choi. "New Adders Using Hybrid Circuit Consisting of Three-Gate Single-Electron Transistors (TG-SETs) and MOSFETs." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (2007): 4120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.045.

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A half-adder (HA) and a full-adder (FA) using hybrid circuits combining three-gate single-electron transistors (TG-SETs) with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) are proposed. The proposed HA consists of three TG-SETs, two enhanced-mode NMOSFETs, and two depletion-mode NMOSFETs, and the proposed FA consists of eight TG-SETs, two enhanced-mode NMOSFETs, and two depletion-mode NMOSFETs. The complexities in the HA and the FA are 7 and 12, respectively, and the worst-case delays in the HA and the FA are 1.48 ns and 2.25 ns, respectively. Compared with the conventional CMOS

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10

Sašek, Matic, Sergio Miras-Moreno, Amador García-Ramos, et al. "The Concurrent Validity and Reliability of a Global Positioning System for Measuring Maximum Sprinting Speed and Split Times of Linear and Curvilinear Sprint Tests." Applied Sciences 14, no. 14 (2024): 6116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14146116.

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This study investigated the reliability and validity of linear sprint tests (LS) and curvilinear sprint tests (CS) using a GPS device (GPEXE lt). Twenty-one (21) student athletes completed a 40 m LS as well as a left and right CS. Maximum sprint speed (MSS) and split times at short (0–10 m), intermediate (0–20 m), and long (0–30 m) distances were determined using the GPEXE lt and single-beam timing gates (TG). Intrasession reliability and concurrent validity of GPEXE lt were assessed. The GPEXE lt consistently showed high reliability for MSS (ICC ≥ 0.95; CV ≤ 1.8%), despite underestimation com

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11

Chen, Xi, Ruth Roberts, Weida Tong, and Zhichao Liu. "Tox-GAN: An Artificial Intelligence Approach Alternative to Animal Studies—A Case Study With Toxicogenomics." Toxicological Sciences 186, no. 2 (2021): 242–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfab157.

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Abstract Animal studies are a critical component in biomedical research, pharmaceutical product development, and regulatory submissions. There is a worldwide effort in toxicology toward “reducing, refining, and replacing” animal use. Here, we proposed a deep generative adversarial network (GAN)-based framework capable of deriving new animal results from existing animal studies without additional experiments. To prove the concept, we employed this Tox-GAN framework to generate both gene activities and expression profiles for multiple doses and treatment durations in toxicogenomics (TGx). Using

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12

Shin, SeungJun, YunSeop Yu, and JungBum Choi. "Multi-Valued Logic Circuits Using Hybrid Circuit Consisting of Three Gates Single-Electron Transistors (TG-SETs) and MOSFETs." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 10 (2008): 4992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.1287.

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13

Wang, Yujie. "Design and analysis of 4-bit absolute-value comparator in 65nm technology using hybrid TG/CMOS." Applied and Computational Engineering 39, no. 1 (2024): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/39/20230599.

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Comparators are an important part of the calculator architecture, and rapid advances in semiconductor and electronics technology have placed higher demands on their performance. Optimization of digital systems involves several levels in order to make improvements in their power consumption, delay, and other parameters. This paper designs a low-power, high speed, and area efficient 4-bit absolute-value comparator, which utilizes a static Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) and Transmission Gate (TG) hybrid structure. The design optimizes the system at the level of separate circuit bl

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14

Furihata, Chie, and Takayoshi Suzuki. "Evaluation of 12 mouse marker genes in rat toxicogenomics public data, Open TG-GATEs: Discrimination of genotoxic from non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 838 (February 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.001.

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15

Heusinkveld, Harm J., Paul F. K. Wackers, Willem G. Schoonen, Leo van der Ven, Jeroen L. A. Pennings, and Mirjam Luijten. "Application of the comparison approach to open TG-GATEs: A useful toxicogenomics tool for detecting modes of action in chemical risk assessment." Food and Chemical Toxicology 121 (November 2018): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.007.

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16

Pimpalkhare, Monish, Jin Chen, Vivek Venugopal, and Xavier Intes. "Ex VivoFluorescence Molecular Tomography of the Spine." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/942326.

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We investigated the potential of fluorescence molecular tomography to imageex vivosamples collected from a large animal model, in this case, a dog spine. Wide-field time-gated fluorescence tomography was employed to assess the impact of multiview acquisition, data type, and intrinsic optical properties on the localization and quantification accuracy in imaging a fluorescent inclusion in the intervertebral disk. As expected, the TG data sets, when combining early and late gates, provide significantly better performances than the CW data sets in terms of localization and quantification. Moreover

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17

Kuklyte, Jogile, Jenny Fitzgerald, Sophie Nelissen, et al. "Evaluation of the Use of Single- and Multi-Magnification Convolutional Neural Networks for the Determination and Quantitation of Lesions in Nonclinical Pathology Studies." Toxicologic Pathology 49, no. 4 (2021): 815–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623320986423.

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Digital pathology platforms with integrated artificial intelligence have the potential to increase the efficiency of the nonclinical pathologist’s workflow through screening and prioritizing slides with lesions and highlighting areas with specific lesions for review. Herein, we describe the comparison of various single- and multi-magnification convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures to accelerate the detection of lesions in tissues. Different models were evaluated for defining performance characteristics and efficiency in accurately identifying lesions in 5 key rat organs (liver, kidn

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18

Cho, Seong-Kun, and Won-Ju Cho. "Highly Sensitive and Transparent Urea-EnFET Based Point-of-Care Diagnostic Test Sensor with a Triple-Gate a-IGZO TFT." Sensors 21, no. 14 (2021): 4748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144748.

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In this study, we propose a highly sensitive transparent urea enzymatic field-effect transistor (EnFET) point-of-care (POC) diagnostic test sensor using a triple-gate amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film pH ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET). The EnFET sensor consists of a urease-immobilized tin-dioxide (SnO2) sensing membrane extended gate (EG) and an a-IGZO thin film transistor (TFT), which acts as the detector and transducer, respectively. To enhance the urea sensitivity, we designed a triple-gate a-IGZO TFT transducer with a top gate (TG) at the top of the chan

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19

DHAR, PALASRI, Soumik Poddar, and Sunipa Roy. "Analysis of biosensing performance of Trench Double Gate Junctionless Field Effect Transistor." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 19, no. 1 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v19i1.748.

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Diversified biomolecules sensing is turning out to be the most promising area of research due to ever decreasing healthy lifestyle. Field effect transistorized biosensing approach puts its signature as label free, portable and also very careful pathway. In this present work a trench structured dielectric modulated double gate junction-less field effect transistor (TG-DMJLFET) is urbanized using SILVACO ATLAS simulator for label free detection of biomolecules. The developed structure has two vertically positioned gates in distinct trenches. For immobilizing biomolecules, two cavities are formed

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20

Natsume-Kitatani, Yayoi, Johan Nyström-Persson, Yoshinobu Igarashi, Daisuke Satoh, and Kenji Mizuguchi. "Integrated toxicogenomics analysis with Toxygates for inferring molecular mechanisms." Genomics and Computational Biology 3, no. 1 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18547/gcb.2017.vol3.iss1.e37.

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Assessment of the safety of drug candidates in early research and development (R&D) stage holds the key to the successful drug development. Toxicogenomics is one of the promising approaches using omics techniques since a number of ‘omics databases is rapidly growing. Although many of these databases are open to the public, there remain some barriers for biologists regardless of their bioinformatics skills. Toxygates was originally developed as a user-friendly interface for Open TG-GATEs, which is one of the largest and most widely used toxicogenomics databases. Since the original Toxygates

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Johnson, Kamin J., Scott S. Auerbach, and Eduardo Costa. "A Rat Liver Transcriptomic Point of Departure Predicts a Prospective Liver or Non-liver Apical Point of Departure." Toxicological Sciences 176, no. 1 (2020): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa062.

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Abstract Identifying a toxicity point of departure (POD) is a required step in human health risk characterization of crop protection molecules, and this POD has historically been derived from apical endpoints across a battery of animal-based toxicology studies. Using rat transcriptome and apical data for 79 molecules obtained from Open TG-GATES (Toxicogenomics Project-Genomics Assisted Toxicity Evaluation System) (632 datasets), the hypothesis was tested that a short-term exposure, transcriptome-based liver biological effect POD (BEPOD) could estimate a longer-term exposure “systemic” apical e

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Sutherland, Jeffrey J., James L. Stevens, Kamin Johnson, et al. "A Novel Open Access Web Portal for Integrating Mechanistic and Toxicogenomic Study Results." Toxicological Sciences 170, no. 2 (2019): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz101.

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Abstract Applying toxicogenomics to improving the safety profile of drug candidates and crop protection molecules is most useful when it identifies relevant biological and mechanistic information that highlights risks and informs risk mitigation strategies. Pathway-based approaches, such as gene set enrichment analysis, integrate toxicogenomic data with known biological process and pathways. Network methods help define unknown biological processes and offer data reduction advantages. Integrating the 2 approaches would improve interpretation of toxicogenomic information. Barriers to the routine

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Soufan, Othman, Jessica Ewald, Charles Viau, et al. "T1000: a reduced gene set prioritized for toxicogenomic studies." PeerJ 7 (October 29, 2019): e7975. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7975.

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There is growing interest within regulatory agencies and toxicological research communities to develop, test, and apply new approaches, such as toxicogenomics, to more efficiently evaluate chemical hazards. Given the complexity of analyzing thousands of genes simultaneously, there is a need to identify reduced gene sets. Though several gene sets have been defined for toxicological applications, few of these were purposefully derived using toxicogenomics data. Here, we developed and applied a systematic approach to identify 1,000 genes (called Toxicogenomics-1000 or T1000) highly responsive to

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O’Donovan, Shauna D., Rachel Cavill, Florian Wimmenauer, et al. "Application of transfer learning to predict drug-induced human in vivo gene expression changes using rat in vitro and in vivo data." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0292030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292030.

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The liver is the primary site for the metabolism and detoxification of many compounds, including pharmaceuticals. Consequently, it is also the primary location for many adverse reactions. As the liver is not readily accessible for sampling in humans; rodent or cell line models are often used to evaluate potential toxic effects of a novel compound or candidate drug. However, relating the results of animal and in vitro studies to relevant clinical outcomes for the human in vivo situation still proves challenging. In this study, we incorporate principles of transfer learning within a deep artific

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Corton, J. Christopher, Thomas Hill, Jeffrey J. Sutherland, James L. Stevens, and John Rooney. "A Set of Six Gene Expression Biomarkers Identify Rat Liver Tumorigens in Short-term Assays." Toxicological Sciences 177, no. 1 (2020): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa101.

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Abstract Chemical-induced liver cancer occurs in rodents through well-characterized adverse outcome pathways. We hypothesized that measurement of the 6 most common molecular initiating events (MIEs) in liver cancer adverse outcome pathways in short-term assays using only gene expression will allow early identification of chemicals and their associated doses that are likely to be tumorigenic in the liver in 2-year bioassays. We tested this hypothesis using transcript data from a rat liver microarray compendium consisting of 2013 comparisons of 146 chemicals administered at doses with previously

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Podtelezhnikov, Alexei A., James J. Monroe, Amy G. Aslamkhan, et al. "Quantitative Transcriptional Biomarkers of Xenobiotic Receptor Activation in Rat Liver for the Early Assessment of Drug Safety Liabilities." Toxicological Sciences 175, no. 1 (2020): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa026.

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Abstract The robust transcriptional plasticity of liver mediated through xenobiotic receptors underlies its ability to respond rapidly and effectively to diverse chemical stressors. Thus, drug-induced gene expression changes in liver serve not only as biomarkers of liver injury, but also as mechanistic sentinels of adaptation in metabolism, detoxification, and tissue protection from chemicals. Modern RNA sequencing methods offer an unmatched opportunity to quantitatively monitor these processes in parallel and to contextualize the spectrum of dose-dependent stress, adaptation, protection, and

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27

Liu, Xinkai, Xin Zhu, Xingjian Tian, Tsuyoshi Iwasaki, Atsuya Sato, and Junichiro James Kazama. "Renal Pathological Image Classification Based on Contrastive and Transfer Learning." Electronics 13, no. 7 (2024): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071403.

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Following recent advancements in medical laboratory technology, the analysis of high-resolution renal pathological images has become increasingly important in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of chronic nephritis. In particular, deep learning has been widely applied to computer-aided diagnosis, with an increasing number of models being used for the analysis of renal pathological images. The diversity of renal pathological images and the imbalance between data acquisition and annotation have placed a significant burden on pathologists trying to perform reliable and timely analysis. Transf

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Stanković, Ratko, and Diana Božić. "Applying Simulation Modelling in Quantifying Optimization Results." Tehnički glasnik 15, no. 4 (2021): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20210326111551.

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Improvements achieved by applying linear programming models in solving optimization problems in logistics cannot always be expressed by physically measurable values (dimensions), but in non-dimensional values. Therefore, it may be difficult to present the actual benefits of the improvements to the stake holders of the system being optimized. In this article, a possibility of applying simulation modelling in quantifying results of optimizing cross dock terminal gates allocation is outlined. Optimal solution is obtained on the linear programming model by using MS Excel spreadsheet optimizer, whi

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Prof. Amruta Bijwar. "Design and Analysis of High Speed Low Power Hybrid Adder Using Transmission Gates." International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 5, no. 03 (2016): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v5i03.46.

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Addition is the vital arithmetic operation and it acts as a base for many arithmetic operations such as multipliers, dividers, etc. A full adder acts as a basic component in complex circuits. Full adder is the essential segment in many applications such as DSP, Microcontroller, Microprocessor, etc. There exists an inevitable swap between speed and power indulgence in VLSI design systems. A new modified hybrid 1-bit full adder using TG is presented. Here, the circuit is replaced with a simple XNOR gate, which increases the speed. Due to this, transistor count gets reduced results in better opti

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Broyles, Robert H., Visar Belegu, Austin C. Roth, et al. "Ferritin-H and a Phytotherapeutic, Alone or Combined, Reprogram RBC Precursor Cells From SCD Patients to Produce Levels of Fetal Hemoglobin That Constitute a Phenotypic Cure for Sickle Cell As Well As Providing Resistance to Malaria and a Probable Treatment for Beta-Thalassemia." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.903.903.

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Abstract Abstract 903 OBJECTIVE: To test the phenotypic cure we have discovered for SCD and malaria in vivo in mice and in vitro in human red blood cell precursors from SCD patients in two-phase cultures. BACKGROUND: Gene regulation of developmental hemoglobin switching provides phenotypic cures for beta thalassemias, sickle cell disease, and malaria since it is known that reactivation of fetal globin expression alleviates all these disorders. We discovered a protein that regulates this developmental switch. Ferritin heavy chain (FtH) represses adult β-globin and activates γ(fetal)-globin gene

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Furihata, Chie, and Takayoshi Suzuki. "Four functional genotoxic marker genes (Bax, Btg2, Ccng1, and Cdkn1a) discriminate genotoxic hepatocarcinogens from non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens and non-genotoxic non-hepatocarcinogens in rat public toxicogenomics data, Open TG-GATEs." Genes and Environment 46, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41021-024-00322-8.

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Abstract Background Previously, Japanese Environmental Mutagen and Genome Society/Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group/Toxicogenomics Study Group (JEMS/MMS toxicogenomic study group) proposed 12 genotoxic marker genes (Aen, Bax, Btg2, Ccnf, Ccng1, Cdkn1a, Gdf15, Lrp1, Mbd1, Phlda3, Plk2, and Tubb4b) to discriminate genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (GTHCs) from non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (NGTHCs) and non-genotoxic non-hepatocarcinogens (NGTNHCs) in mouse and rat liver using qPCR and RNA-Seq and confirmed in public rat toxicogenomics data, Open TG-GATEs, by principal component analysis (PCA). On t

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M.Bharathi and K.Neelima. "SCOPE OF REVERSIBLE ENGINEERING AT GATE-LEVEL: FAULT-TOLERANT COMBINATIONAL ADDERS." April 30, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5121/vlsic.2012.3208.

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Reversible engineering has been one of the thrust areas ensuring that continual process of the innovation trends that explore and sustain the resources of the nature. This reversible engineering is used in many fields like quantum computing, low power CMOS design, nanotechnology, optical information processing, digital signal processing, cryptography, etc. These are the digital domain implementations of Reversible and Fault-Tolerant logic gates. Any arbitrary Boolean function can be synthesized by using the proposed parity preserving reversible gates. Not only the possibility of detecting erro

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Saritha Raj, K., P. Rajesh Kumar, and M. Satyanarayana. "Baugh-Wooley Multiplier design using Multiple Control Toffoli and Multiple Control Fredkin reversible logic gates." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering, March 2, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2022.00550.

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AbstractMost error-resilient media processing applications use multipliers as their basic building blocks. These are power-consumption and computationally intensive modules. In the existing works, several types of the multipliers were used to improve the hardware capacity, but those methods did not provide sufficient results. Therefore, in this manuscript, a Baugh-Wooley Multiplier design using Multiple Control Toffoli (MCT) and Multiple Control Fredrick gate (MCF) Reversible Logic gate (BWM-MCT-MCF) will be analyzed. Initially, Reversible Full Adder (RFA) is designed using Multiple Control To

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Suzuki, Kosei, Kotaro Kusunoki, Yuto Ito, and Akito Hara. "Four-terminal polycrystalline-silicon vertical thin-film transistors on glass substrates." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, March 25, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ad378d.

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Abstract This study aimed to fabricate n-channel four-terminal (4T) polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) vertical thin-film transistors (VTFTs) with submicron gate lengths on a glass substrate. The 4T VTFTs have a poly-Si active layer crystallized via metal-induced crystallization using nickel (Ni-MIC), a top gate (TG), and a bottom gate (BG). Here, the TG covers all the channel regions, and the BG affects only a part of the channel region. A double-gate drive (simultaneous operation of both gates) displayed a high Ion/Ioff ratio and small s.s. compared with those of a single-gate drive. In addit

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Han, Jongseong, Jaemin Son, Juhee Jeon, Yunwoo Shin, Kyoungah Cho, and Sangsig Kim. "Reconfigurable Logic‐In‐Memory Cell Comprising Triple‐Gated Feedback Field‐Effect Transistors." Advanced Electronic Materials, October 8, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202300526.

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AbstractA reconfigurable logic‐in‐memory (R‐LIM) cell performs logic‐in‐memory functions as well as reconfigurable logic gates. The R‐LIM cell is constructed with triple‐gated (TG) feedback field‐effect transistors (FBFETs) that are reconfigured in n‐channel or p‐channel modes via electrostatic doping. Each TG FBFET has one control gate electrode and two program‐gate electrodes that determine the channel mode. Their reconfigurability enables the symmetrical operation of the n‐channel and p‐channel modes through an on‐current ratio of 1:04. Furthermore, the R‐LIM cell performs eight Boolean log

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Jin, Yuan, Yingqing Shou, Qinkai Lei, et al. "An entropy weight method to integrate big omics and mechanistically evaluate drug-induced liver injury." Hepatology, October 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hep.0000000000000628.

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Background & Aims: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accounts for more than half of acute liver failure cases in the United States and is a major health care issue to the public worldwide. As investigative toxicology is playing an evolving role in the pharmaceutical industry, mechanistic insights into drug hepatotoxicity can facilitate drug development and clinical medication. Methods: By integrating multi-source datasets including gene expression profiles of rat livers from open TG-GATEs and DrugMatrix, drug labels from FDA LTKB, and clinical reports from LiverTox, and with the employment

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Mohsen, Attayeb, Lokesh P. Tripathi, and Kenji Mizuguchi. "Deep Learning Prediction of Adverse Drug Reactions in Drug Discovery Using Open TG–GATEs and FAERS Databases." Frontiers in Drug Discovery 1 (October 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fddsv.2021.768792.

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Machine learning techniques are being increasingly used in the analysis of clinical and omics data. This increase is primarily due to the advancements in Artificial intelligence (AI) and the build-up of health-related big data. In this paper we have aimed at estimating the likelihood of adverse drug reactions or events (ADRs) in the course of drug discovery using various machine learning methods. We have also described a novel machine learning-based framework for predicting the likelihood of ADRs. Our framework combines two distinct datasets, drug-induced gene expression profiles from Open TG–

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Zabaloy, Santiago, Tomás T. Freitas, Pedro E. Alcaraz, et al. "The Use of Global Positioning Systems Devices to Measure Maximum Velocity in Field-Based Team Sport Athletes: A Narrative Review." Strength & Conditioning Journal, November 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000818.

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ABSTRACT The maximum velocity achieved during sprinting is a crucial aspect in various sports. Therefore, practitioners use various devices, such as laser or radar guns, timing gates (TG), and global positioning systems (GPS), to assess sprint performance. Although high-speed cameras are considered the most accurate equipment for assessing maximum velocity (V max), TG are more commonly used because of their practicality and affordability. Recently, GPS technology has gained attention from the sport science community, primarily because of its applied characteristics, enabling “in situ” data exp

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TR, Mrs Lakshmidevi, Mr K. N. Jeevan Reddy, Mr Ashrith Rao, Mr Dhanush Kashyap S, and Ms Chandini K. "Comparison of 4-Bit SAR ADC Using Different Logic Styles in 90nm Technology." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, August 6, 2021, 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-1817.

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In recent years, we have come across a growing need for the design of low power, long battery life Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC). ADCs are the major component of all the systems which need to process an analogue signal obtained from measuring real world parameters and hence they need to be efficient enough depending on the application and power constraint of the device. Speed is also an important parameter as it is used in many real time applications. The basic components of the SAR ADC can be implemented using circuits of various logics available f

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"Enhancement of Short Channel Effect and Drain Induced Barrier Lowering in Fin-FET." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 7 (2020): 1303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.g6007.059720.

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The essential requirement of any battery-operated and mobile devices like laptops, cellular phones are that they must be small in size, consume less power, fast processing and cheaper expansion. Gordon Moore found in 1965 that the quantity of transistors on a chip will drive to be twofold every year, by manufacturing the portable devices and building circuit on the silicon chip which makes device cost effective. This drop in size of transistor is termed as scaling. Since scaling faces formidable challenges in nanometer regime, successors have been emerged as FinFET’s. They have thin fin or win

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Craft, Neal, Francisco Arredondo, Matthew Fleshman, et al. "Response of Nutritional Biomarkers in Bangladeshi Subjects Given an Immunological Challenge (P10-096-19)." Current Developments in Nutrition 3, Supplement_1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz034.p10-096-19.

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Abstract Objectives Unreliability of nutritional biomarkers (NB) have been reported in apparently healthy people with subclinical inflammation. The objective of this study was to measure NBs before and after a vaccination induced inflammation. NBs included: Ferritin (Fer), soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR), Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4), Thyroglobulin (Tg), 25OH-Vitamin D3 (25OH-D), retinol (VA), Folates, Cobalamins (B12), and inflammatory markers, acid 1- α-Glycoprotein (AGP) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Methods Children aged 12–18 months were recruited at ICDDR-B in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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Vázquez-Valdés, Suany, Raúl Juárez-Aguirre, Rosa Woo-García, et al. "A Novel CMOS reconfigurable rectifier for wearable piezoelectric energy harvesters." Revista UIS Ingenierías 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v21n1-2022009.

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Wearable energy harvesters have potential application in the conversion of human-motion energy into electrical energy to power smart health-monitoring devices, the textile industry, smartwatches, and glasses. These energy harvesters require optimal rectifier circuits that maximize their charging efficiencies. In this study, we present the design of a novel complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) reconfigurable rectifier for wearable piezoelectric energy harvesters that can increase their charging efficiencies. The designed rectifier is based on standard 0.18 µm CMOS process technology c

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Craft, Neal, Francisco Arredondo, Matthew Fleshman, et al. "Measurement of Nutritional and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Dry Plasma Spots (DPS) (P10-097-19)." Current Developments in Nutrition 3, Supplement_1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz034.p10-097-19.

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Abstract Objectives Conduct time and temperature stability experiments on Nutritional Biomarkers (NBs) and inflammation markers extracted from ViveBio Dry Plasma Spots (DPS). Methods Blood samples of 3 hematocrits (20, 30 and 45%) were created by combining purchased red blood cells (RBC) and sera. Blood samples of 35 µL were loaded onto ViveBio plasma separators. The underlying pads with plasma were stored at 45°, 23°, 4°, -20° and -70°C. Samples were tested on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 84 and 168. Ferritin, Retinol Binding Protein (RBP4), soluble Transferrin Receptors (sTfR), Thyroglobulin (Tg

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Shin, Hyun Kil, Oana Florean, Barry Hardy, Tatyana Doktorova, and Myung-Gyun Kang. "Semi-automated approach for generation of biological networks on drug-induced cholestasis, steatosis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis." Toxicological Research, March 3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43188-022-00124-6.

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AbstractDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading reasons for discontinuation of a new drug development project. Diverse machine learning or deep learning models have been developed to predict DILI. However, these models have not provided an adequate understanding of the mechanisms leading to DILI. The development of safer drugs requires novel computational approaches that enable the prompt understanding of the mechanism of DILI. In this study, the mechanisms leading to the development of cholestasis, steatosis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis were explored using a semi-automated approac

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Smith, Brandi Patrice, Loretta Sue Auvil, Michael Welge, et al. "Identification of early liver toxicity gene biomarkers using comparative supervised machine learning." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76129-8.

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Abstract Screening agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals for potential liver toxicity is required for regulatory approval and is an expensive and time-consuming process. The identification and utilization of early exposure gene signatures and robust predictive models in regulatory toxicity testing has the potential to reduce time and costs substantially. In this study, comparative supervised machine learning approaches were applied to the rat liver TG-GATEs dataset to develop feature selection and predictive testing. We identified ten gene biomarkers using three different feature selection methods

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Shin, Sangyeon, Chanhee Lee, and Taesung Park. "Comprehensive analysis of high-throughput transcriptomics to distinguish drug-induced liver injury (DILI) phenotypes." Archives of Toxicology, June 4, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-025-04089-x.

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Abstract Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a major challenge in drug development, occurring due to liver damage caused by the adverse effects of drugs or xenobiotics. High-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) provides mechanistic insights into drug-induced hepatotoxicity, complementing traditional chemical structure-based methods. To address the challenges posed by DILI, this study aimed to evaluate the suitability of HTTr data for DILI classification and prediction. Initially, we reviewed the current landscape of HTTr-based DILI research, focusing on public datasets, computational tools, and b

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May Htet Aung and Tin Tin Hla. "Comparative Analysis of CMOS-based D-type Flip-Flop Architectures for High-Performance VLSI Applications Using 45-nm CMOS Technology." Indonesian Journal of Computer Science 13, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.33022/ijcs.v13i3.4004.

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High performance VLSI (very large-scale integration) is an essential electronic technology required for space missions and scientific advancements. The only source of reliance for the VLSI designer is the data storage devices designated as flip-flops, which are widely used in semiconductor memory devices as well as for data processing and storage in the telecommunication fields. In this paper, the four D-type flip-flop architectures of CMOS-based D-type flip-flops, such as D-type flip-flops using traditional technology (DFF-T), D-type flip-flops with Demorgan’s law (DFF-DL), D-type flip-flops

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Su, Ran, Huichen Wu, Xinyi Liu, and Leyi Wei. "Predicting drug-induced hepatotoxicity based on biological feature maps and diverse classification strategies." Briefings in Bioinformatics, December 14, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbz165.

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Abstract Identifying hepatotoxicity as early as possible is significant in drug development. In this study, we developed a drug-induced hepatotoxicity prediction model taking account of both the biological context and the computational efficacy based on toxicogenomics data. Specifically, we proposed a novel gene selection algorithm considering gene’s participation, named BioCB, to choose the discriminative genes and make more efficient prediction. Then instead of using the raw gene expression levels to characterize each drug, we developed a two-dimensional biological process feature pattern ma

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Haq, Shams ul, Erfan Abbasian, Tabassum Khurshid, and Vijay Kumar Sharma. "Low-power and robust ternary SRAM cell with improved noise margin in CNTFET technology." Physica Scripta, April 29, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad451c.

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Abstract In this paper, a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) based low power and robust ternary SRAM (TSRAM) cell with enhanced static noise margin (SNM) has been proposed. The proposed cell uses a low-power cell core and a stack of 2 CNTFETs to discharge the read bit line (RBL) to ground, unlike the previous SRAM designs which use read buffers or transmission gates (TG) to alter the voltage levels on the RBL. The proposed TSRAM cell has been simulated relentlessly, using the Stanford 32 nm CNTFET technology mode file with Synopsis HSPICE tool under various operating conditions.

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Perkins, Edward J., E. Alice Woolard, and Natàlia Garcia-Reyero. "Integration of Adverse Outcome Pathways, Causal Networks and ‘Omics to Support Chemical Hazard Assessment." Frontiers in Toxicology 4 (March 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2022.786057.

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Several approaches have been used in an attempt to simplify and codify the events that lead to adverse effects of chemicals including systems biology, ‘omics, in vitro assays and frameworks such as the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP). However, these approaches are generally not integrated despite their complementary nature. Here we propose to integrate toxicogenomics data, systems biology information and AOPs using causal biological networks to define Key Events in AOPs. We demonstrate this by developing a causal subnetwork of 28 nodes that represents the Key Event of regenerative proliferation

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