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Journal articles on the topic 'Th1/Th2 response'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Dechene, Lucy. "TH1/TH2 immune response." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 110, no. 3 (2002): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.127436.

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Desmedt, Marjory, Pieter Rottiers, Hans Dooms, Walter Fiers, and Johan Grooten. "Macrophages Induce Cellular Immunity by Activating Th1 Cell Responses and Suppressing Th2 Cell Responses." Journal of Immunology 160, no. 11 (1998): 5300–5308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5300.

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Abstract Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells (Th0) into Th1 or Th2 cells determines whether antigen will raise a cellular or a humoral immune response. The maturation pathway chosen by the Th0 cell is often decisive for the outcome of disease and depends among others on the (co-)stimulatory attributes of the APC and the nature and abundance of cytokines provided by the APC and the microenvironment. In this study, we used macrophages, loaded ex vivo with antigen, for inciting Th0 activation and differentiation in vivo. The macrophages were derived from a clonal, immortalized population that b

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3

Liu, Yingru, та Michael Russell. "Promotion of Th1/Th2 immunity with anti-TGF-β treatment protects mice against Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and induces immune memory (40.22)". Journal of Immunology 184, № 1_Supplement (2010): 40.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.40.22.

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Abstract Infection with N. gonorrhoeae triggers an intense inflammatory response characterized by an influx of neutrophils, yet natural infection does not induce effective specific immunity or immune memory. Our previous studies have demonstrated in a murine model of vaginal gonococcal infection that innate immunity governed by Th17 cells was the mainstay of the immune responses elicited by this pathogen. Herein we show in vitro that N. gonorrhoeae could specifically inhibit Th1 and Th2 responses of mouse CD4 T cells, but enhance Th17 response. We found that N. gonorrhoeae increased production

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Miner, Kent T., та Michael Croft. "Generation, Persistence, and Modulation of Th0 Effector Cells: Role of Autocrine IL-4 and IFN-γ". Journal of Immunology 160, № 11 (1998): 5280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5280.

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Abstract Many studies have classified CD4 responses into either Th1-like or Th2-like, based on cytokine secretion profiles, but little significance has been placed on Th0 cells. This has largely resulted from studies that suggested that Th0 populations primarily comprise individual Th1 and Th2 cells. Here, we show that priming of Ag-specific naive CD4 cells with moderate dose IL-4 generates a Th0 population that is evident after 3 days in vitro and becomes prevalent after successive encounters with Ag over a 9-day period. By intracellular cytokine staining, the majority (&gt;60%) of effect

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Groux, H., T. Sornasse, F. Cottrez, et al. "Induction of human T helper cell type 1 differentiation results in loss of IFN-gamma receptor beta-chain expression." Journal of Immunology 158, no. 12 (1997): 5627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.12.5627.

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Abstract Differential expression of cytokine receptors accounts for an important regulatory mechanism in differentiation of Th1/Th2 subsets. Here, we report that human Th0 and Th2 clones constitutively express transcripts for the IFN-gammaR beta-chain, whereas mRNA for this signaling component of the IFN-gamma receptor is absent in Th1 clones. Activation of T cell clones, however, resulted in a transient induction or enhancement of IFN-gammaR beta-chain mRNA expression in Th1 clones and Th0/Th2 clones, respectively. IL-12-mediated Th1 cell differentiation of naive CD4+, CD45RA+ cord blood T ce

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Jeannin, P., Y. Delneste, M. Seveso, P. Life, and J. Y. Bonnefoy. "IL-12 synergizes with IL-2 and other stimuli in inducing IL-10 production by human T cells." Journal of Immunology 156, no. 9 (1996): 3159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.9.3159.

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Abstract IL-12, a potent inducer of IFN-gamma production by T cells and NK cells, has been recently reported to exacerbate an established Th2 response in vivo. However, the effect of IL-12 on Th2-lymphokine production remains unclear. Since IL-10 is a lymphokine associated with Th2 responses which decreases both IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production and IL-12 production by macrophages, we have analyzed here, in an APC-free system, the ability of IL-12 to modulate the production of human IL-10 by established Th0, Th1, and Th2 T cell clones (TCC), T cell lines, and purified peripheral blood T cells

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7

Ismail, Nahed, and Peter A. Bretscher. "The Th1/Th2 Nature of Concurrent Immune Responses to Unrelated Antigens Can Be Independent." Journal of Immunology 163, no. 9 (1999): 4842–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.9.4842.

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Abstract We tested the independence hypothesis, namely that the Th1/Th2 nature of concurrent immune responses, generated in the same secondary lymphoid organ to non-cross-reacting Ags, can be independently determined. Some infectious agents and some adjuvants contain modulatory molecules that affect the Th1/Th2 nature of immune responses in a non-Ag-specific manner. We therefore excluded infectious agents as Ags and the use of adjuvants to generate immune responses. We first show that the dose of xenogeneic RBC administered i.v. determines the Th1/Th2 nature of the splenic immune response. Low

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Vitkina, T. I., T. P. Novgorodtseva, E. P. Kalinina, E. G. Lobanova, and M. V. Antonyuk. "IMMUNE MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROLLED AND PARTIALLY CONTROLLED ASTHMA." Medical Immunology (Russia) 21, no. 3 (2019): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2019-3-495-502.

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Despite a significant amount of works specifying immune mechanisms of bronchial asthma (BA), different phenotypes observed in this pathology need to be studied. The aim of present study was to analyze functional activity of Th1, Th2 и Th17 lymphocytes, and to determine features of inflammation in controlled and partly controlled asthma.We examined eighty-four BA patients that were divided into 2 groups, depending on the control of symptoms and the clinical course of BA. Group I included 45 patients with controlled BA, whereas group II included 39 patients with partially controlled asthma. The

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9

Gajewski, T. F., D. W. Lancki, R. Stack, and F. W. Fitch. ""Anergy" of TH0 helper T lymphocytes induces downregulation of TH1 characteristics and a transition to a TH2-like phenotype." Journal of Experimental Medicine 179, no. 2 (1994): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.179.2.481.

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Mature CD4+ helper T lymphocytes have been categorized into two major functional phenotypes, TH1 and TH2, which produce distinct arrays of lymphokines and which are thought to arise from a pluripotential precursor cell termed TH0. Clonal anergy can be induced in TH1 clones by stimulating via the T cell receptor (TCR) complex in the absence of a costimulator molecule; however, anergy has been difficult to demonstrate in TH2 clones. We show here that treatment of cloned TH0 lines with anergizing stimuli results in the selective loss of TH1 characteristics and retention of a TH2 phenotype. Treate

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Adair, Patrick, Yongchan Kim, Kathleen Pratt, and David Scott. "Engineered FVIII-specific human CD4 T cells: does TCR avidity modulate T-helper phenotypes? (IRC7P.425)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 128.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.128.6.

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Abstract We recently demonstrated that expanded human CD4 T cells can be transduced to express TCRs specific for a given epitope. These cells proliferate and secrete cytokines in response to their cognate peptide/MHC. Herein, we examined whether TCR- transduced cells could be skewed to different T-helper subsets, or alternatively if previously skewed T cells could be modulated after transduction. Two HLA DR1-restricted TCRs were cloned from Th2 and Th17/Th1-type CD4+ T-cell clones specific for a coagulation factor VIII peptide (pC2). Engineered CD4+ T cells expressing these TCRs exhibited diff

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DE ALMEIDA, MARCOS C., and HELMAR N. MOREIRA. "A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF IMMUNE RESPONSE IN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS." Journal of Biological Systems 15, no. 03 (2007): 313–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339007002209.

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The TH1/TH2 paradigm has been largely used in the interpretation of several diseases, particularly in leishmaniasis. As far as we know there is no mathematical description of this model related to leishmaniasis. We have extended and modified a previous published set of equations1in order to adapt it to leishmanial disease particularities. The main modifications were: (1) the analysis of logistic and exponential parasite growth curves, (2) the assumption of the TH2 arm of the immune response having a positive action on parasite growth. The set of three simultaneous differential equations descri

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Ekkens, Melinda J., Devon J. Shedlock, EuiHye Jung, et al. "Th1 and Th2 Cells Help CD8 T-Cell Responses." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 5 (2007): 2291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01328-06.

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ABSTRACT Help from CD4 T cells is often important for the establishment of primary and memory CD8 T-cell responses. However, it has yet to be determined whether T helper polarization affects the delivery of help and/or whether responding CD8 T cells helped by Th1 or Th2 cells express distinct effector properties. To address these issues, we compared CD8 T-cell responses in the context of Th1 or Th2 help by injecting dendritic cells copulsed with the major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted OVA peptide plus, respectively, bacterial or helminth antigens. We found that Th2 cells, like

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Zimmer, S., V. Pollard, G. D. Marshall, R. P. Garofalo, D. Prough, and D. N. Herndon. "TH1/TH2 RESPONSE IN HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL ENDOTOXEMIA." Shock 7, Supplement (1997): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199703001-00348.

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Whitmire, Jason K., Mary S. Asano, Kaja Murali-Krishna, M. Suresh, and Rafi Ahmed. "Long-Term CD4 Th1 and Th2 Memory following Acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection." Journal of Virology 72, no. 10 (1998): 8281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.10.8281-8288.1998.

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ABSTRACT CD4 T cells play a central role in viral immunity. They provide help for B cells and CD8 T cells and can act as effectors themselves. Despite their importance, relatively little is known about the magnitude and duration of virus-specific CD4 T-cell responses. In particular, it is not known whether both CD4 Th1 memory and CD4 Th2 memory can be induced by viral infections. To address these issues, we quantitated virus-specific CD4 Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma-interferon) and Th2 (IL-4) responses in mice acutely infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Using two se

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Kannan, Arun, Barbara Butcher, Do-Geun Kim, et al. "Complex role for Interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase in T helper differentiation and effector function in vivo (P1204)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 50.44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.50.44.

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Abstract T helper responses are critical for a productive immune response but an inappropriate response results in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The tyrosine kinase ITK has been shown to regulate the development of Th2 responses. Here, we show that ITK regulates Th1/Th17 responses as well. We find that Itk-/- mice are more susceptible to infection by Th1 inducing intracellular pathogen T. gondii, with generation of fewer antigen specific Th1 cells in vivo and fewer effector cells ex vivo upon antigen re-challenge. Transfer of WT CD4+ T cells confers protection against infection in Itk

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Gaisina, A. R., I. P. Shilovskiy, A. A. Nikonova, et al. "THE STUDY OF BALANCE OF Th1/Th2 IMMUNE RESPONSE DURING VIRUS-INDUCED ASTHMA EXACERBATION." Russian Journal of Allergy 13, no. 4-5 (2016): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja347.

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Bronchial asthma (BA) is the most common chronic disease of the airways affecting up to 18% of population in different regions of the world. Respiratory viruses such as rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the main causes of BA exacerbations. Current data demonstrate the major role of Th1- and Th2-response and corresponding cytokines in the development of infectious and allergic inflammation of the airways. At the same time, there are no data available concerning changes in Th1/Th2-balance during virus-induced asthma exacerbations. In the current study, we evaluated Th1/Th2-b

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Ben-Smith, A., D. A. Lammas, and J. M. Behnke. "The relative involvement of Th1 and Th2 associated immune responses in the expulsion of a primary infection of Heligmosomoides polygyrus in mice of differing response phenotype." Journal of Helminthology 77, no. 2 (2003): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2003173.

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AbstractT helper cell (Th1 and Th2) associated responses were examined following a primary infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus in five inbred strains of mice with different resistance phenotypes. Levels of (i) mast cell protease, (ii) specific IgE, (iii) nitric oxide and (iv) specific IgG2a, as markers of Th2 and Th1 associated responses, respectively, were determined in sera and intestinal fluids and correlated with worm burdens. The ‘fast’ responder (resistant) strains SWR and SJL produced strong Th2 and Th1 associated responses respectively in a mutually e

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Hokello, Joseph, Kratika Tyagi, Richard Oriko Owor, et al. "New Insights into HIV Life Cycle, Th1/Th2 Shift during HIV Infection and Preferential Virus Infection of Th2 Cells: Implications of Early HIV Treatment Initiation and Care." Life 14, no. 1 (2024): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14010104.

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The theory of immune regulation involves a homeostatic balance between T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) responses. The Th1 and Th2 theories were introduced in 1986 as a result of studies in mice, whereby T-helper cell subsets were found to direct different immune response pathways. Subsequently, this hypothesis was extended to human immunity, with Th1 cells mediating cellular immunity to fight intracellular pathogens, while Th2 cells mediated humoral immunity to fight extracellular pathogens. Several disease conditions were later found to tilt the balance between Th1 and Th2 immune respon

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Randolph, David A., Cynthia J. L. Carruthers, Susanne J. Szabo, Kenneth M. Murphy, and David D. Chaplin. "Modulation of Airway Inflammation by Passive Transfer of Allergen-Specific Th1 and Th2 Cells in a Mouse Model of Asthma." Journal of Immunology 162, no. 4 (1999): 2375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.4.2375.

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Abstract Although evidence is strong that Th cells play a major role in mediating the airway inflammation observed in asthma, the relative contributions of the Th cell subsets, Th1 and Th2, are unclear. It has been suggested that asthma is driven by Th2 predominant responses in the lung, but other data suggest a role for Th1 cells as well. Here we show by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometric analysis that in the murine model of OVA-induced airway inflammation, both Th1 and Th2 cells are recruited to the airways. Th1 cells predominate early in the response and Th2 cells predomina

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Gilbert, K. M., K. D. Hoang, and W. O. Weigle. "Th1 and Th2 clones differ in their response to a tolerogenic signal." Journal of Immunology 144, no. 6 (1990): 2063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.144.6.2063.

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Abstract Th1 and Th2 clones specific for human gamma globulin (HGG) were compared and shown to differ in terms of the effects of tolerance induction on Ag-induced proliferation and helper activity. In developing a method to induce tolerance, splenic APC that had been pulsed with HGG and then fixed with 0.15% paraformaldehyde (HGG-FAPC) were used as a means to present Ag to the Th clones in the absence of costimulatory signals. Both Th1 and Th2 clones recognized HGG-FAPC as evidenced by their ability to proliferate to HGG-FAPC. Unlike Th2, Th1 proliferated to HGG-FAPC only in the presence of T

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Kapil, Parul, and Tod J. Merkel. "Polarization of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine-primed Immune Response to the TH17 Response." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (2018): 125.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.125.9.

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Abstract The resurgence of pertussis in the United States has stimulated interest in the development of improved pertussis vaccines. Studies in the baboon model demonstrated that responses induced by infection were dominated by TH1 and TH17 and resulted in near sterilizing immunity. In contrast, the response to vaccination with licensed acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine was dominated by TH2 responses that prevented clinical disease following challenge with pertussis, but did not prevent colonization or transmission. These results suggest that B. pertussis will circulate more freely in an aP-vac

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Lawrence, Michael Brandeau, Brian J. Schmidt, Arvind K. Chavali, and Lydia Glaw. "Agent based model of the TH1/TH2 differentiation decision (51.3)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (2007): S96—S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.51.3.

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Abstract Adaptive immune responses tend to polarize to predominantly TH1 or TH2-directed, and this decision is critical for the clinical outcome of many diseases. For example, Leishmania species that elicit a TH2 response, such as donavani, can lead to visceral leishmaniasis, which is fatal if not treated. In contrast, the body is able to combat leishmaniasis and recover from species that tend to elicit a TH1 response, such as L. major. The type of response the immune system mounts is governed by a multifactorial process involving the nature of the antigen and co-stimulatory molecules expresse

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Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi, and Seyyed Shamsadin Athari. "Post-Coronavirus Era: Should We Expect a Surge in Allergic Diseases and Asthma?" Open Public Health Journal 14, no. 1 (2021): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502114010291.

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Some infectious agents by priming the immune system promote protection against allergy and asthma. During infections, Th1 immune responses are dominant, while in allergic conditions, Th2 responses are more pronounced. Th1 immune response protects the body against infections, and Th2 response leads to allergy and asthma. For maintaining health, the balance between Th1 and Th2 responses is necessary. The COVID-19 infection augments Th1 and also eosinophilic responses. On the other hand, the main protocols to control the COVID-19 pandemic require adherence to health standards, maintaining persona

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Brewer, James M., Laurence Tetley, James Richmond, Foo Y. Liew, and James Alexander. "Lipid Vesicle Size Determines the Th1 or Th2 Response to Entrapped Antigen." Journal of Immunology 161, no. 8 (1998): 4000–4007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.8.4000.

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Abstract Understanding the factors that control the differential induction of Th1 and Th2 responses is a key immunologic objective with profound implications for vaccination and immunotherapy of infectious and autoimmune diseases. Using Ag formulated in lipid vesicles prepared from nonionic surfactants, we describe a novel mechanism influencing the balance of the Th1 or Th2 response. Our results indicate that inoculation of BALB/c mice with vesicles with a mean diameter ≥225 nm preferentially induces Th1 responses, as characterized by increased titers of IgG2a in plasma and elevated IFN-γ prod

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Scharf, Orit, Inna Agranovich, Katherine Lee, et al. "Ontogeny of Th1 Memory Responses against a Brucella abortus Conjugate." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 9 (2001): 5417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.9.5417-5422.2001.

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ABSTRACT Protective immune responses to intracellular pathogens such asBrucella abortus are characteristically Th1-like. Recently we demonstrated that heat-killed B. abortus (HKBa), a strong Th1 stimulus, conjugated to ovalbumin (HKBA-OVA), but notB. abortus alone, can alter the antigen-specific cytokine profile from Th2- to Th1-like. In this report we study the ability of a single injection of B. abortus to switch a Th2 to a Th1 response in immature mice. One-day- and 1-week-old mice were given a single injection of B. abortus in the absence or presence of OVA, and at maturity mice were chall

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FANG, Yujiang, Shiguang YU, and Helen MULLEN. "Differential sensitivity of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis (47.15)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (2009): 47.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.47.15.

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Abstract In response to T cell receptor crosslinking, naïve CD4+ T cells can differentiate into three major subsets, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, but little is known about the regulation of apoptosis in Th17 cells. This study was undertaken to directly determine and compare the sensitivity of in vitro polarized Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis and to determine if the anti-apoptotic molecule FLIP could inhibit apoptosis of each of the three subsets. Using several different methods, the order of sensitivi

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Finnegan, Alison, Katalin Mikecz, Ping Tao, and Tibor T. Glant. "Proteoglycan (Aggrecan)-Induced Arthritis in BALB/c Mice Is a Th1-Type Disease Regulated by Th2 Cytokines." Journal of Immunology 163, no. 10 (1999): 5383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.10.5383.

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Abstract In animal models of arthritis induced with Ags or infectious agents, disease severity correlates with a dominant Th1-type response characterized by a higher ratio of IFN-γ to IL-4. Analysis of BALB/c mice revealed a genetic predisposition toward developing CD4+ Th2-type responses. The bias toward an IL-4-dominant response in BALB/c mice protects mice from severe Lyme-induced arthritis and spontaneous autoimmune disease. Since BALB/c mice immunized with proteoglycan develop severe arthritis, we were interested in testing whether arthritis is associated with a Th2-type response and thus

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Schrum, S., P. Probst, B. Fleischer, and P. F. Zipfel. "Synthesis of the CC-chemokines MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES is associated with a type 1 immune response." Journal of Immunology 157, no. 8 (1996): 3598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.8.3598.

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Abstract Lymphocytes regulate the immune response by secreting cytokines that control the activity and function of effector cells. Chemokine subsets are ideal candidates for recruitment of specific effector cells to inflammatory sites or to other lesions because of their selective chemoattractant activities. Given the Th1-Th2 model of immune regulation and the particular role of leukocyte recruitment for the outcome of the response, we analyzed whether a subset of human chemokines is associated with a specific type of immune response. Therefore, we have analyzed the human T cell response to Ag

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Coyle, Anthony J., Clare Lloyd, Jane Tian, et al. "Crucial Role of the Interleukin 1 Receptor Family Member T1/St2 in T Helper Cell Type 2–Mediated Lung Mucosal Immune Responses." Journal of Experimental Medicine 190, no. 7 (1999): 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.190.7.895.

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T1/ST2 is an orphan receptor of unknown function that is expressed on the surface of murine T helper cell type 2 (Th2), but not Th1 effector cells. In vitro blockade of T1/ST2 signaling with an immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein suppresses both differentiation to and activation of Th2, but not Th1 effector populations. In a nascent Th2-dominated response, anti-T1/ST2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibited eosinophil infiltration, interleukin 5 secretion, and IgE production. To determine if these effects were mediated by a direct effect on Th2 cells, we next used a murine adoptive transfer model o

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Lalli, Peter N., Marjorie S. Morgan, and Larry G. Arlian. "SKEWED TH1/TH2 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO SARCOPTES SCABIEI." Journal of Parasitology 90, no. 4 (2004): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-214r.

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Strom, T. "The Th1/Th2 paradigm and the allograft response." Current Opinion in Immunology 8, no. 5 (1996): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-7915(96)80087-2.

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Tian, Jide, Paul V. Lehmann, and Daniel L. Kaufman. "Determinant Spreading of T Helper Cell 2 (Th2) Responses to Pancreatic Islet Autoantigens." Journal of Experimental Medicine 186, no. 12 (1997): 2039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.186.12.2039.

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The nature (Th1 versus Th2) and dynamics of the autoimmune response during the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and after immunotherapy are unclear. Here, we show in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice that the autoreactive T cell response starts and spreads as a pure Th1 type autoimmunity, suggesting that a spontaneous Th1 cascade underlies disease progression. Surprisingly, induction of antiinflammatory Th2 responses to a single β cell antigen (βCA) resulted in the spreading of Th2 cellular and humoral immunity to unrelated βCAs in an infectious manner and protection from I

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McNamara, M., C. Y. Kang, and H. Kohler. "Analysis of a TH1----TH2 helper cell circuit." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 3 (1985): 1603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.3.1603.

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Abstract In the present study, the T15 idiotype-recognizing T helper cell circuit was dissected with respect to its homeostasis, interactive specificity, stability over time, and effects on B cell expression. Analysis of the TH1 cells by adoptive transfer experiments indicates their short-lived state of activity, during which TH2 cells are stimulated. TH1 cell activity was also directly monitored by the use of TNP-anti-T15 hybridoma antigens. It was found that TH1 cells are detected 1 wk after priming with PC-Hy, whereas TH2 cells become activated after 4 wk of priming. Comparative analysis of

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Del Prete, G., M. De Carli, F. Almerigogna, M. G. Giudizi, R. Biagiotti, and S. Romagnani. "Human IL-10 is produced by both type 1 helper (Th1) and type 2 helper (Th2) T cell clones and inhibits their antigen-specific proliferation and cytokine production." Journal of Immunology 150, no. 2 (1993): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.150.2.353.

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Abstract IL-10 gene transcription and IL-10 protein production was assessed in both type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) CD4+ human T cell clones by polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. Although Th2 clones apparently showed higher IL-10 mRNA levels, IL-10 mRNA expression was consistently found in Th1 clones, as well. Likewise, measurable IL-10 levels were found in the supernatants of both Th1 and Th2 clones. The effect of human IL-10 (h-IL-10) and viral IL-10 (v-IL-10) on the proliferative response and cytokine production by Th1 and Th2 human clones was also investigated. Addition in cu

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Rasheed, Mustafa N., Bharath Sreekumar, Sol C. Moon, Michael Duane Powell, Kaitlin Read, and Kenneth J. Oestreich. "Novel roles for the Ikaros zinc finger transcription factor Eos in regulating TH2 differentiation." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (2019): 124.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.124.6.

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Abstract CD4+ T cells differentiate in response to specific cytokine environments that induce the activation of STAT transcription factors and, ultimately, cell-specific gene profiles. The differentiation of TH2 cells requires the cytokines IL-4 and IL-2, which signal via the activation of STAT6 and STAT5, respectively. Interestingly, signaling via the IL-2/STAT5 axis is also required for the differentiation of the TH1 cell type. Our lab recently found that IL-2 signaling induces expression of the Ikaros Zinc Finger (IkZF) transcription factor Eos (Ikzf4) in TH1 cells, and that Eos positively

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Gajewski, T. F., M. Pinnas, T. Wong, and F. W. Fitch. "Murine Th1 and Th2 clones proliferate optimally in response to distinct antigen-presenting cell populations." Journal of Immunology 146, no. 6 (1991): 1750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.146.6.1750.

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Abstract We recently have devised a method for the derivation of OVA-specific Th1 and Th2 clones from the same primed lymph node cell preparation. Using a panel of such cells, we have examined the ability of distinct APC populations to stimulate proliferation of Th1 and Th2 clones. Both subsets proliferated well in response to OVA in the presence of whole spleen cells. However, purified B cells stimulated optimal proliferation of Th2 clones, whereas adherent cells stimulated optimal proliferation of Th1 clones. The proliferative response of Th2 cells stimulated with spleen cells irradiated wit

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Chen, Shyi-Jou, Mong-Ling Chu, Chia-Jen Wang, et al. "Kinetic Th1/Th2 responses of transgenic mice with bacterial meningitis induced by Haemophilus influenzae." Clinical Science 111, no. 4 (2006): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20060060.

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To investigate the kinetic Th1/Th2 immunopathogenic mechanisms of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, we established a murine experimental model of meningitis and elucidated the Th1/Th2 immune responses in T1/T2 doubly transgenic mice based on a BALB/c background under the control of the IFN-γ (interferon-γ)/IL-4 (interleukin-4) promoters respectively. NTHi (non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae) meningitis was induced in these mice by inoculation with either a colonized (CNTHi) or invasive (INTHi) strain of NTHi. Mice inoculated with CNTHi displayed a less severe degree of disease in terms of cl

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Garlapati, Srinivas. "Do we know the Th1/Th2/Th17 determinants of vaccine response?" Expert Review of Vaccines 11, no. 11 (2012): 1307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erv.12.111.

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Wang, Qun, Rachel M. McLoughlin, Brian A. Cobb, et al. "A bacterial carbohydrate links innate and adaptive responses through Toll-like receptor 2." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 13 (2006): 2853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20062008.

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Commensalism is critical to a healthy Th1/Th2 cell balance. Polysaccharide A (PSA), which is produced by the intestinal commensal Bacteroides fragilis, activates CD4+ T cells, resulting in a Th1 response correcting the Th2 cell skew of germ-free mice. We identify Toll-like receptors as crucial to the convergence of innate and adaptive responses stimulated by PSA. Optimization of the Th1 cytokine interferon-γ in PSA-stimulated dendritic cell–CD4+ T cell co-cultures depends on both Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and antigen presentation. Synergy between the innate and adaptive responses was also sho

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Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Cherie Michelle Roche, and Ashish Arora. "Dendritic cells pulsed with either secretory antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or live mycobacteria show a differential expansion of Th1, Th2 and Th3 type T cells in immune mice (92.10)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (2007): S164. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.92.10.

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Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) can prime naïve or immune T cells and expand Th1, Th2 and Th3 type of T cells that determine protection against pathogens. While the Th1 immunity has been thought to be protective against tuberculosis, the ability of vaccines to induce Th1-Th3 immunity is unclear. Emerging tuberculosis vaccines include DNA vaccines encoding 85 complex (A, B, C), ESAT-6 and CFP-10 (ES antigens) or live attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in comparison with BCG vaccine. Interestingly, MTB H37Rv secretes all three ES antigens while BCG secretes Ag85 but lacks ESAT-6 and CFP

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Brady, Miriam T., Sandra M. O’Neill, John P. Dalton, and Kingston H. G. Mills. "Fasciola hepatica Suppresses a Protective Th1 Response against Bordetella pertussis." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 10 (1999): 5372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.10.5372-5378.1999.

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ABSTRACT Fasciolosis, like other helminth infections, is associated with the induction of T-cell responses polarized to the Th2 subtype. Respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis or immunization with a pertussis whole-cell vaccine (Pw) induces a potent Th1 response, which confers a high level of protection against bacterial challenge. We have used these two pathogens to examine bystander cross-regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo and provide evidence of immunomodulation of host T-cell responses to B. pertussis by a concomitant infection with Fasciola hepatica. Mice with a coinfection

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Openshaw, P., E. E. Murphy, N. A. Hosken, et al. "Heterogeneity of intracellular cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level in polarized T helper 1 and T helper 2 populations." Journal of Experimental Medicine 182, no. 5 (1995): 1357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.182.5.1357.

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CD4+ T helper (Th) cells can be classified into different types based on their cytokine profile. Cells with these polarized patterns of cytokine production have been termed Th1 and Th2, and can be distinguished functionally by the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4, respectively. These phenotypes are crucial in determining the type of immune response that develops after antigen priming. There are no surface markers that define them, and cytokine immunoassay or mRNA analysis both have limitations for characterization of single cells. Using immunofluorescent detection of intracellular IFN-gamma an

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Ettinger, Ruth A., Eddie A. James, Joseph A. Liberman, William W. Kwok, Arthur R. Thompson, and Kathleen P. Pratt. "Distinct lineages of human T-cell clones, including Th17/Th1 cells, isolated at different stages of anti-factor VIII immune responses (48.26)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (2009): 48.26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.48.26.

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Abstract Approximately 25% of hemophilia A patients, who lack functional factor VIII (FVIII), develop neutralizing antibodies after receiving therapeutic infusions of FVIII. HLA-DRA-DRB1*0101-restricted T-cell clones that respond to FVIII2194-2213 were isolated from a hemophilia A subject (the proband) ~5 and 21 months following his development of a high-titer FVIII neutralizing antibody response, and from his brother who has not developed a clinically significant antibody response. Three clones obtained from the proband at 5 months were TH17/TH1-polarized and two were TH1/TH2-polarized. The 8

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Bravo, Luis Eduardo, Andrés Jenuer Matta, and José Manuel Restrepo-Avenia. "Immune response Th1/Th2 to Helicobacter pylori and Helminths in co-infected patients." Revista Chilena de Pediatría 91, no. 3 (2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i3.1431.

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La inflamación asociada con la infección por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) se relaciona con la progresión de las lesiones precancerosas gástricas. Las infecciones por helmintos podrían modular la respuesta proinflamatoria a la infección por H. pylori desde un perfil tipo LTCD4+ Th1 hacia una respuesta menos perjudicial tipo LTCD4+ Th2.Objetivo: caracterizar la polarización de la respuesta inmune tipo LTCD4+ Th1/Th2 de pacientes coinfectados por H. pylori y helmintiasis procedentes de áreas de bajo riego para el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico.Pacientes y Método: Se analizaron 63 pacientes, 40

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Kuchta, Alison, Taibur Rahman, Erica L. Sennott, et al. "Vibrio cholerae O1 Infection Induces Proinflammatory CD4+T-Cell Responses in Blood and Intestinal Mucosa of Infected Humans." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 8 (2011): 1371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05088-11.

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ABSTRACTVibrio choleraeO1 is a noninvasive enteric pathogen and serves as a model for studies of mucosal immunity. Although symptomaticV. choleraeinfection induces durable protection against subsequent disease, vaccination with oral killed whole-cellV. choleraestimulates less long-lasting protection against cholera. In this study, we demonstrated that cholera induces an early proinflammatory cellular immune response that results in priming of Th1- and Th17-type cytokine responses toex vivoantigenic stimulation and an increase in the ratio of Th1 to Th2 CD4+T-cell responses. Comparable priming

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Lei, Sijin, Howard Lei, Daid Green, Joan Gill, Bianca Conti-Fine, and Mark Reding. "Distribution of Th1- and Th2-induced Anti-factor VIII IgG Subclasses in Congenital and Acquired Hemophilia Patients." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 88, no. 10 (2002): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613257.

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SummaryDevelopment of antibodies (Ab) that inhibit the procoagulant function of factor VIII (fVIII) seriously complicates the treatment of hemophilia A patients. It also causes acquired hemophilia, a rare yet serious autoimmune disease. The design of effective fVIII-specific tolerizing procedures will require elucidation of the role of the different CD4+ T cell subsets that drive inhibitor synthesis. To examine the contribution of Th1 and Th2 cells in the anti-fVIII Ab response, we measured the concentration of Th1- and Th2-driven anti-fVIII IgG subclasses in 17 patients with severe hemophilia

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Chang, T. L., C. M. Shea, S. Urioste, R. C. Thompson, W. H. Boom, and A. K. Abbas. "Heterogeneity of helper/inducer T lymphocytes. III. Responses of IL-2- and IL-4-producing (Th1 and Th2) clones to antigens presented by different accessory cells." Journal of Immunology 145, no. 9 (1990): 2803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.145.9.2803.

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Abstract Murine CD4+ T cell clones have been classified into at least two subsets, Th1 and Th2, on the basis of their distinct lymphokine secretion profiles and functions. In the present study, we compared the functional responses of Th1 and Th2 clones to Ag presentation by splenic B cells and peritoneal macrophages. Th2 clones secreted IL-4 in response to Ag presented by resting B cells, but their optimal proliferation required the addition of IL-1 or a source of IL-1. The degree of IL-1 dependence varied among the four Th2 clones examined. In contrast, Th1 clones secreted IL-2 and proliferat

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Murphy, E., K. Shibuya, N. Hosken, et al. "Reversibility of T helper 1 and 2 populations is lost after long-term stimulation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, no. 3 (1996): 901–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.3.901.

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Commitment of T helper 1 (Th1) or Th2 populations developing during an immune response to a pathogen, or an inappropriate immune response to an allergen or autoantigen, may determine the difference between health and chronic disease. We show that strongly polarized Th1 and Th2 populations assessed by immunoassay are heterogeneous using flow cytometry to detect single cells producing interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). Th1 populations arising after 1 wk of stimulation in IL-12 plus anti-IL-4 antibodies could convert to Th2 cells when restimulated in IL-4. Th2 populations resu

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Vásárhelyi, Barna, and Tivadar Tulassay. "Endocrine Factors Determining Immune Polarization during Perinatal Transition." Klinische Pädiatrie 229, no. 05 (2017): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-114666.

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AbstractIn utero the skewness of the adaptive immune system towards Th2 (‘antiinflammatory’) direction and low of Th1/Th2 cell ratio defend the fetus against rejection by the maternal immune system. Th2 dominance at birth is also of importance as it prevents uncontrolled inflammatory processes during parturition. This condition should change rapidly after birth. In an extrauterine milieu that is inherent with exposure to microorganisms, Th1 (‘proinflammatory’) polarization (i. e. increased Th1 cytokine production along with high Th1/Th2 ratio) are required to maintain an efficient immune respo

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Borgogni, E., E. Sarchielli, M. Sottili, et al. "Elocalcitol Inhibits Inflammatory Responses in Human Thyroid Cells and T Cells." Endocrinology 149, no. 7 (2008): 3626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0078.

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T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated inflammatory responses predominate in the early pathogenesis of Graves’ disease (GD), whereas Th2 cell-mediated immunity may play a role in later stages. The chemokine CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 are expressed in most thyroid glands of early GD patients. Circulating CXCL10 levels inversely correlate with disease duration; CXCL10 maximal expression also correlates with interferon (IFN)γ levels in recent GD onset. Methimazole (MMI) reduces CXCL10 secretion by isolated thyrocytes, decreases serum CXCL10 levels, and promotes a transition from Th1 to Th2 dominance i

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