Academic literature on the topic 'The coefficient of efficiency of import'
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Journal articles on the topic "The coefficient of efficiency of import"
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Avdeenko, Anatoly P., Mitar Lutovac, Svetlana A. Konovalova, and Mykhailo V. Fedorynov. "Investigation of Efficiency of Use of High-Temperature Greases in Steel Rolling - Part 2." Applied Mechanics and Materials 806 (November 2015): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.806.10.
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We investigated the friction coefficients (steel-to-steel) for various rolling pressures on application of consistent anti-wear, antiwelding, and metal-cladding greases and 11 metal-working coolants. The protective grease ХАDО (Ukraine) and import anti-wear greases Mol Favorit-2, Shell Albida, and Mobil 461 were found to be effective in steel rolling. The greases containing molybdenum disulfide don’t have high greasing properties in steel rolling, i.e. at plastic deformations of steels. The surface-active substances PEG-4 (Rapeseedamine) and polyoxyethylene alkylether of carboxylic acids (AKYPO RO 90 and AKYPO RO 20) are suitable for creation of new technological metal-working coolants for steel rolling. Considerable decrease in friction coefficient is observed in steel rolling at use of a technological liquid “Universal-1TC”.
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Melnyk, Tetyana, and Kateryna Pugachevska. "PRIORITIES OF UKRAINE’S EXPORT DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY, Vol 17, No 2 (2018) (2018): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2018.02.209.
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A comparative analysis of the coefficient of participation in the international division of labor and the coefficient of export efficiency of Ukraine and its main trading partners have been carried out. The indicators of development of goods and services exports to the EU countries are analyzed. On the basis of the «Input-Output» tables export orientation, import dependence and structure of import flows of certain types of economic activity were calculated. It is determined that the low share of imports in accumulation on the background of domestic science inability to produce innovative and technologically advanced products shows conservatism in industrial policy and production on a morally and technically obsolete equipment that does not meet the requirements of scientific and technological progress. Most likely, Ukraine’s export potential will be stimulated by the growth of demand from key partners from the EU, but it is worth noting that the rise in prices of goods for intermediate consumption from abroad, as well as the deterioration of price terms of trade, will restrain the possibility of increasing Ukraine’s exports.
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Adi, Lumadya. "INTENSITAS PERDAGANGAN INTRA-REGIONAL DALAM ASEAN-3 (Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Thailand)." Jurnal Riset Ekonomi dan Manajemen 17, no. 2 (2017): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.17970/jrem.17.1702012.id.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to test the intra-regional trade in the ASEAN-3 includes: Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Analysis tool is: Intensity of intra-regional trade. The advantage of this analysis tool is a country is known to include density of intra-export or density of intra-import: if positive then the country belong to the density of intra-export; and if negative, including the density of intra-import. Study in period 2000-2014. Based on the intensity of intra-regional trade: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand has a coefficient equally negative meaning because all three are density of intra-import; The third country that has no comparative advantage. Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand have the same density intra-import commodity that must strive harder to improve efficiency.
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Huang, Huiping, Jiangfeng Wang, Yuping Han, Lei Wang, and Xinsheng Li. "Assessing impacts of water regulations on alleviating regional water stress with a system dynamics model." Water Supply 19, no. 2 (2018): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.112.
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Abstract Many areas around the world are faced with water scarcity and virtual water can provide ways to resolve the problem. This paper presents a comprehensive water system based on a system dynamics model to assess how water regulations from the viewpoint of virtual water affect the regional water stress index in the Haihe River Basin, China. The results show that green water absorption, blue water consumption, virtual water flow, and water use efficiency play important roles in the water resources system. Water stress can be relieved by improving the infiltration coefficient, irrigation efficiency, industrial water use efficiency, and virtual water import.
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Shi, Jiu Sheng, Fei Peng, and Bing Wen Zhang. "The Influence of Excess Air Coefficient of Boiler Efficiency." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.548.
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Excess air coefficient has an important impact on the combustion conditions of boiler and thermal efficiency, analysis shows that the furnace temperature and the combustion efficiency is the linear relation of one to one correspondence. Any combustion conditions, there is an optimum excess air coefficient makes the top of furnace temperature, thus it can establish a control relationship, furnace temperature is optimization index, excess air coefficient is disturbance.It can achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of boiler combustion.
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Khomutenko, A., V. Khomutenko, and V. Drachenko. "Information and analytical review of tax revenues from import operations." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 66, no. 5 (2020): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2020.05.120.
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The importance of tax regulation of foreign economic activity is analyzed in this paper. The dynamics and structure of tax revenues to the State Budget of Ukraine are analyzed as well. Comparative analysis of VAT revenues from goods (works, services) produced in Ukraine and imported into its customs territory is carried out. The relationship between imports and VAT receipts of and excise duty on imported goods is determined. The dynamics and structure of excise duty revenues and import duties are investigated. The factors influencing the change of indicators of tax revenues from import operations are determined. Fiscal efficiency and taxes elasticity coefficient levied on imports are calculated. The regulatory role of special duties types (compensatory, special, anti-dumping), which are collected in order to protect the national producer and consumer is proved. Monitoring of additional customs receipts is carried out as a result of customs value correction by customs authorities. The preconditions and factors influencing the change in the volume of taxes on import transactions are identified. The necessity of improving the mechanism of collecting taxes on import operations is substantiated. It is proposed to reduce VAT rates, which depend on goods saturation in domestic market. Proposal to introduce the reduction factor to the duty rates used in order to stimulate critical and socially significant imports, as well as to investment goods imported into the customs territory of Ukraine is put forward. It seems that the tax policy in terms of import operations should be aimed at ensuring the rational commodity and geographical structure of imports, promoting domestic products competitiveness strengthening and protection domestic market and domestic producers. It is proposed to improve the mechanism of tax administration, which primarily involves focusing on working with dishonest taxpayers, exposing tax evasion schemes, providing appropriate tax collection services to honest taxpayers.
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Thonse Hawaldar, Iqbal, Bharat Kumar Meher, Puja Kumari, and Santosh Kumar. "Modelling the effects of capital adequacy, credit losses, and efficiency ratio on return on assets and return on equity of banks during COVID-19 pandemic." Banks and Bank Systems 17, no. 1 (2022): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(1).2022.10.
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The study aims to determine the impact of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Credit Losses Ratio and Efficiency Ratio on the two significant profitability ratios, namely Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), during the pandemic. Panel Data Regression is used to model the effects of Capital Adequacy, Credit Losses and Efficiency Ratio on Return on Assets and Return on Equity of Indian banks. A suitable model has been developed by analyzing the results of the Hausman test and the p-values. It has been found that Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) with coefficient value of –0.664, CET1 with coefficient value of 1.83 and efficiency ratio with coefficient value of 1.825 have significantly affected the return on assets as their p-values are less than 0.05. However, the accepted relationship between CAR and ROA, efficiency ratio and ROA were inverse, but their coefficients were significant. The provision for credit losses (PCL) was not affecting the ROA significantly during the pandemic and hence was not considered while framing the model. Again, the dependent variable is the return on equity, except CAR. Other ratios, i.e., CET1, efficiency ratio, and PCL ratio have unacceptable correlations and are even non-significant as their p-values are less than 0.05.
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Liu, Xiaolan, Xianmin Zhang, and Yadong Wang. "A Rapid Detection Method for Bridges Based on Impact Coefficient of Standard Bumping." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (September 30, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9195289.
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The evaluation method of load transfer efficiency using falling weight deflectometer is unworkable in remote mountain areas and transportation difficult region. Therefore, a novation method of load transfer efficiency evaluation is proposed using the index of amplitude ratio. Finite element method is applied to study the influence of dowel bar parameters (diameter, length, spacing, and elastic modulus) and pavement structures parameters (thickness and modulus) on load transfer efficiency, frequency, and the ratio of amplitude. Results of finite element model show that the effects of dowel bar and pavement structure parameters on load transfer efficiency and the ratio of amplitude are similar. The load transfer efficiency, frequency, and the ratio of amplitude enhance with the increase of dowel bar diameter, length, and elastic modulus and the decrease of dowel bar spacing. The subgrade modulus has more significant influence on the load transfer efficiency, frequency, and the ratio of amplitude than other pavement parameters. Polynomial function method is utilized to established load transfer mode between deflection-based load transfer efficiency and the ratio of amplitude. The feasibility and reliability of new method is verified by static and dynamic load test. All results are helpful for the development of highway engineering and airport engineering.
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Zhao, Hai Tian, Yan Peng Hu, and Qi Yao. "Equivalent Luminous Efficiency - A Normalization Index to Luminous Efficiency of Luminaries." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.429.
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The luminous efficiency do make four impact factors confused such as existing of dissipated light, ability for transmission of lighting sources, distortion of visual effects and different values of power choosing during the luminous efficiency comparison under its current definition. In this paper, the equivalent luminous efficiency was introduced based on the discussion of these factors which maintains the form of current definition of luminous efficiency while it sets the equivalent coefficient to make test results comparable under different measurement conditions, so as to be clear when we compare and evaluate the properties of energy-saving and luminescence of luminaries.
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Wu, Zhi Jiang, and Yan Sheng Xu. "Water Mass Flow and Air Relative Humidity on Performance of Air - Source Heat Pump Water Heater." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.127.
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The water mass flow and air relative humidity on the performance of air-source heat pump water heater was discussed in this paper. The results show that the energy efficiency of heat pump water heater is improved by correct the water mass flow and discharge pressure can be reduced, the value of the condenser temperature difference between the import and export of water also can be reduced. Increasing the air relative humidity, the more condensated water on evaporator surface effective, the greater the wetting area. In addition, the heat transfer of latent heat can be increased by the growth of air side and refrigerant side heat transfer coefficient.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The coefficient of efficiency of import"
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Aggarwal, Kajal. "Impact of preclinical PET scanner characteristics on the overall image quality." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE028.
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La tomographie par émission de positrons (TEP) est l’une des techniques d’imagerie nucléaire utilisées dans les domaines de l’oncologie, de la cardiologie et de la neurologie en tant que modalité d’imagerie fonctionnelle. Au cours des trois dernières décennies, les progrès de la modalité PET et le développement de modèles animaux de maladies humaines ont conduit au développement de la technologie PET dédiée aux petits animaux. En raison de la différence de taille entre l’homme et la souris, les scanners pour petits animaux nécessitent une résolution spatiale améliorée. En raison de l’amélioration de la résolution spatiale, la taille du voxel diminue de manière significative, réduisant ainsi le nombre de signaux d’un voxel. Plus le nombre détecté est élevé, plus le rapport signal sur bruit (SNR) est élevé ; l’amélioration de l’efficacité de la détection joue donc également un rôle important. Notre objectif est d’étudier l’impact des caractéristiques du scanner PET sur la qualité globale de l’image. Pour ce faire, nous avons simulé quatre modèles de scanneurs différents. L’idée des conceptions de scanner sélectionnées dans cette thèse est d’ajouter progressivement une dimension supplémentaire dans la position estimée de l’interaction du photon gamma, c’est-à-dire en passant de la détection 2D à la détection 3D. Nous avons démontré qu’il était possible de découpler la résolution spatiale et l’efficacité de la détection, en améliorant les deux simultanément. En outre, nous avons caractérisé le fait que l’amélioration de la résolution spatiale entraîne l’amélioration du coefficient de récupération (RC). L’efficacité de la détection a un impact sur le RSB, ce qui a également un impact sur l’erreur estimée dans les valeurs de RC. Cependant, d’autres facteurs, tels que l’approche de reconstruction d’image et les corrections de normalisation, dégradent ces valeurs d’erreur. Il est donc important non seulement d’améliorer les paramètres de performance des scanners, mais également de mettre en œuvre avec précision le processus de reconstruction d’image, afin de quantifier correctement l’amélioration de la qualité de l’image<br>Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is one of the nuclear imaging techniques, used in the field of oncology, cardiology and neurology as a functional imaging modality. During the last three decades, advancement of PET modality and the development of animal models of human disease have lead to the development of PET technology dedicated to small animals. Due to the size difference between humans and mice, small animal scanners require improved spatial resolution. Due to the improved spatial resolution, the voxel size decreases significantly thereby, reducing the number of signals from a voxel. Higher the detected counts, higher the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), thus improvement in the detection efficiency also plays an important role. Our objective is to study the impact of PET scanner characteristics on the overall image quality. To achieve this, we have simulated four different scanner designs. The idea behind the selected scanner designs studied in this thesis is to progressively add an extra dimension in the estimated position of interaction of the gamma photon, i.e., going from 2D detection to 3D detection. We demonstrated that it is possible to decouple the spatial resolution and detection efficiency, improving both simultaneously. Further, we characterized that improving spatial resolution results in improved Recovery Coefficient (RC). Detection efficiency impacts the SNR, which further impacts the estimated error in the RC values. However, there are other factors such as image reconstruction approach and normalization corrections that degrade these error values. Thus, it is important to not only improve the performance parameters of the scanners but also to accurately implement the image reconstruction process, so as to correctly quantify the improvement in the image quality
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Шевченко, Дар’я Сергіївна. "Оптимізація імпортної діяльності підприємства". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/29177.
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Дипломна робота на тему: «Оптимізація імпортної діяльності
підприємства» містить 107 сторінок, 27 таблиць, 11 рисунків, 2 додатка.
Перелік посилань нараховує 85 найменувань.
Метою дослідження є розробка напрямів підвищення ефективності
імпортних операцій ТОВ «Київська шкарпеткова фабрика».
Об’єктом дослідження є імпортна діяльність підприємства.
Предметом дослідження є теоретичні та практичні підходи щодо
оптимізації імпортних операцій вітчизняними підприємствами.
У роботі були використані такі методи дослідження:
- методи теоретичного пізнання, за допомогою яких було розкрито
сутність, значення та принципи оцінки ефективності імпортних операцій
виробничих підприємств;
- методи економічного аналізу, за допомогою яких було здійснено аналіз
фінансово-господарської діяльності досліджуваного підприємства та
ефективності його імпортних операцій.
- діалектичний та абстрактно-логічний (для узагальнення та
формулювання висновків). Так, за допомогою цих методів було зроблено
узагальнення отриманих результатів ефективності імпортної діяльності
досліджуваного підприємства та розроблено ряд заходів, які спроможні
підвищити ефективність імпортних операцій підприємства.
Наведено стратегічні альтернативи оптимізації зовнішньоекономічної
діяльності підприємства, а саме - зазначено, що в умовах ринкової економіки
успіх зовнішньоекономічної діяльності ТОВ «Київська шкарпеткова фабрика»
і його стійке фінансове положення залежить від багатьох чинників. Один із
них - це висока конкурентоздатність виробів, що випускаються.
Запропоновано здійснити переорієнтацію імпортної діяльності з Китаю до
Туреччини, що обумовлено наступним: менші витрати при імпорті та
зменшення ризику невиконання імпортних контрактів постачальниками.
Також з метою удосконалення планування ЗЕД ТОВ «Київська шкарпеткова
фабрика» необхідно створити окремий підрозділ. З метою оцінки
ефективності запропонованих заходів було наведено розрахунки, які
підтверджують доцільність створення відділу ЗЕЗ ТОВ «Київська
шкарпеткова фабрика», тим більше, що у подальшому підприємство буде
розширювати кількість постачальників та країн-імпортерів.
Розроблені шляхи підвищення ефективності імпортних операцій
підприємства, можливо досліджувати у майбутньому, тому що вони дозволять
підвищити конкурентоспроможність підприємства та його продукції на ринку
шляхом зниження собівартості виробленої продукції, оптимізації вартості
виробів підприємства та збільшення величини отриманого прибутку від
реалізації панчішно-шкарпеткових виробів.<br>Bachelor's thesis «Optimization of the import activity of the enterprise»
includes 107 pages, 27 tables, 11 drawings, 2 attachments. The bibliography list
consists of 85 items.
The purpose of the research is to develop directions for increasing the
efficiency of import operations of LLC "Kievska shkarpetkova fabrika".
The object of research is the import activity of the enterprise.
The subject of the study is theoretical and practical approaches to
optimization of import operations by domestic enterprises.
The following research methods were used in the work:
- methods of theoretical knowledge, by means of which the essence, values
and principles of the evaluation of the efficiency of import operations of production
enterprises were disclosed;
- methods of economic analysis, by means of which the analysis of financial
and economic activity of the investigated enterprise and the efficiency of its import
operations were carried out.
- dialectical and abstract-logical (for generalization and formulation of
conclusions). Thus, with the help of these methods, a generalization of the obtained
results of the efficiency of the imported activity of the investigated enterprise was
made and a number of measures were developed that could increase the efficiency
of the import operations of the enterprise.
The strategic alternatives to optimizing the foreign economic activity of the
enterprise are presented, namely - it is noted that in the conditions of a market
economy, the success of foreign economic activity of LLC " Kievska shkarpetkova
fabrika" and its stable financial position depends on many factors. One of them is
the high competitiveness of manufactured products. It is proposed to reorient the
import activities from China to Turkey, due to the following: lower costs for imports
and reduce the risk of non-fulfillment of import contracts by suppliers. Also, in order
to improve the planning of foreign economic activity, the "Kievska shkarpetkova
fabrika" should create a separate unit. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the
proposed measures, calculations have been made that confirm the feasibility of
establishing a department of the FER LLC "Kievska shkarpetkova fabrika",
especially as the company will further expand the number of suppliers and importing
countries.
The ways of improving the efficiency of the import operations of the
enterprise can be investigated in the future, because they will increase the
competitiveness of the enterprise and its products in the market by reducing the cost
of production, optimizing the cost of products of the enterprise and increasing the
amount of profit from the sale of hosiery products.
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Adhikari, R. B. "Economic efficiency of manufacturing industries in Nepal : An ex post economic efficiency analysis of major import substitute and export manufacturing industries." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375088.
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Hagedorn, Alexander Job. "The Effect of Pallets and Unitization on the Efficiency of Intercontinental Product Movement Using Ocean Freight Containers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28522.
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Global industrialization was developed in response to both consumers and manufacturers demand for lower product prices and availability of goods and services. As a result, products are transported greater distances. Shipping constitutes the majority of costs in the export/import supply chain. Shippers and buyers commonly attempt to offset these costs by maximizing the capacity of ocean freight containers (cube or weight). Boxes (usually constructed of corrugated fiberboard) containing consumer grade products are commonly floor loaded into containers to maximize capacity. Boxes that are not floor loaded are likely to be unitized on pallets in containers. Beyond maximizing a container with cargo, a defined decision to determine which method of loading is most efficient in regard to cost and time does not exist. For this research, field studies were conducted and questionnaires were distributed to identify the variables that influence efficiency. A method to make an efficient decision was developed by incorporating the variables into a model. The model compares the overall export/import supply chain efficiency for boxes that are floor loaded to boxes that are unitized on pallets in containers. The recommended decision is determined by comparing the shipping and handling costs and the receiving dock door capability for the two loading methods.
The results of this research reveal that floor loading boxes can provide a higher value per container due to increased capacity. Increased capacity by floor loading often reduces the number of containers needed to meet daily demand. However, since manual labor is utilized for the loading/unloading process, more time is required, which results in higher labor costs and restricted product throughput. Unitized boxes loaded in containers on pallets can limit container capacity, but allows for faster loading/unloading times (if no incompatibilities between product and pallet or pallet and/or material handling equipment exist), reduced labor costs, and the potential for increased product throughput. Importing boxes unitized on pallets commonly requires more containers to meet demand, but fewer receiving dock doors. Utilizing fewer dock doors allows otherwise occupied doors to be available to receive additional product.
The decision to floor load or unitize exports/imports needs to be made on a SKU basis meeting daily demand, not only per container capacity. Labor cost, pallet cost, the magnitude of box variation between loading methods, and the ability of the receiver to process containers are all influencing factors in determining which loading method is most overall efficient. Given the current cost for containerized shipments and considering all costs, most consumer goods are more efficiently shipped floor loaded. When additional containers would be needed to meet demand for product unitized on pallets, floor loading will be more efficient. When there is only a small difference in box count between floor loading and palletizing, palletizing product will be more efficient. This will often occur when loads will meet container weight capacity before it reaches volume capacity. If the product is too heavy to move manually it will be palletized.<br>Ph. D.
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Койбічук, Віталія Василівна, Виталия Васильевна Койбичук, Vitaliia Vasylivna Koibichuk та Л. М. Малярець. "Еvaluating the effectiveness of an enterprise’ export-import activity". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/84679.
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Провідними показниками економічного розвитку країни є перевага експорту товарів над імпортом, і інтенсивність цього розвитку залежить від співвідношення експорту та імпорту протягом певного часу. Робота присвячена розробці моделей, що дозволяють прогнозувати критерії ефективності експортно-імпортної діяльності<br>Важными показателями экономического развития страны являются преимущество экспорта товаров над импортом, а интенсивность этого развития зависит от соотношения экспорта и импорта в течение некоторого времени. Работа посвящена разработке моделей, позволяющих прогнозировать критерии эффективности экспортно-импортной деятельности.<br>The leading indicators of the country's economic development are the advantage of exports of goods over imports, and the intensity of this development depends on the ratio of exports and imports for some time. The work is devoted to the development of models which allow forecasting of criteria of export-import activity efficiency
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Зеленська, К. В. "Формування імпортної стратегії вітчизняних підприємств та розвиток імпортозаміщення". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75555.
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У роботі досліджено сутність та значення імпорту для держави та вітчизняних підприємств. Визначено, що імпортна діяльність, є важливою та необхідною складовою зовнішньоекономічної діяльності учасників ринкової економіки та допомагає компаніям вирішувати низку важливих проблем, Розглянуто імпортозаміщення як інструмент реалізації національних інтересів та інтенсифікації діяльності вітчизняних підприємств.<br>The master’s thesis focuses on the nature and importance of imports for the state and domestic enterprises. It is determined that import activity is an important and necessary component of foreign economic activity of market economy participants and helps companies to solve a number of important problems. Considered import substitution as a tool of realization of national interests and intensification of activity of domestic enterprises.
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Rizzo, Giuseppe, Antonino Bonanno, Giorgio Paolo Massarotti, et al. "Energy efficiency improvement by the application of nanostructured coatings on axial piston pump slippers." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-200187.
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Axial piston pumps and motors are widely used in heavy-duty applications and play a fundamental role in hydrostatic and power split drives. The mechanical power losses in hydraulic piston pumps come from the friction between parts in relative motion. The improvement, albeit marginal, in overall efficiency of these components may significantly impact the global efficiency of the machine. The friction between slipper and swash plate is a functional key in an axial piston pump, especially when the pump (at low rotational speed or at partial displacement) works in the critical areas where the efficiency is low.
The application of special surface treatments have been exploited in pioneering works in the past, trying different surface finishing or adding ceramic or heterogeneous metallic layers. The potential of structured coatings at nanoscale, with superhydrophobic and oleophobic characteristics, has never been exploited. Due to the difficulty to reproduce the real working conditions of axial piston pump slippers, it has been made a hydraulic test bench properly designed in order to compare the performance of nano-coated slippers with respect to standard ones. The nano-coated and standard slippers have been subjected to the following working conditions: a test at variable pressure and constant rotational speed, a test at constant pressure and variable rotational speed. The comparison between standard and nanocoated slippers, for both working conditions, shows clearly that more than 20% of friction reduction can be achieved using the proposed nano-coating methodology.
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Bubnova, Olga. "Thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-87476.
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According to different sources, from forty to sixty percent of the overall energy generated in the world today is squandered in waste heat. The existing energy conversion technologies are either close to their efficiency limits or too costly to justify their implementation. Therefore, the development of new technological approaches for waste heat recovery is highly demanded. The field of thermoelectrics can potentially provide an inexpensive, clean and efficient solution to waste heat underutilization, given that a new type of thermoelectric materials capable of meeting those requirements are available. This thesis reports on strategies to optimize a thermoelectric efficiency (ZT) of conducting polymers, more specifically poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (Pedot). Conducting polymers constitute a special class of semiconductors characterized by low thermal conductivity as well as electrical conductivity and thermopower that can be readily modified by doping in order to achieve the best combination of thermoelectric parameters. Conducting polymers that have never previously been regarded as hypothetically compatible for thermoelectric energy conversion, can exhibit promising thermoelectric performance at moderate temperatures, which is a sought-after quality for waste heat recovery. A rather substandard thermoelectric efficiency of Pedot-Pss can be markedly improved by various secondary dopants whose addition usually improves polymer’s morphology accompanied by a drastic increase in electrical conductivity and, consequently, in ZT. In order to enable further enhancement in thermoelectric properties, the optimization of the charge carrier concentration is commonly used. The oxidation level of Pedot-Pss can be precisely controlled by electrochemical doping resulting in a tenfold increase of ZT. In contrast to Pedot-Pss, another conducting polymer Pedot-Tos exhibits superior thermoelectric performance even without secondary doping owning to its partially crystalline nature that allows for an improved electronic conduction. With the aid of a strong electron donor, positively doped Pedot-Tos gets partially reduced reaching the optimum oxidation state at which its thermoelectric efficiency is just four times smaller than that of Be2Te3 and the highest among all stable conducting polymers. The downsides associated with chemical doping of Pedot-Tos such as doping inhomogeneity or chemical dopants air sensitivity can be surmounted if the doping level of Pedot-Tos is controlled by acidity/basicity of the polymer. This approach yields similar maximum thermoelectric efficiency but does not necessitate inert conditions for sample preparation. Optimized Pedot-Tos/Pedot-Pss can be functionalized as a p-type material in organic thermogenerators (OTEG) to power low energy electronic devices. If printed on large areas, OTEGs could be used as an alternative technique for capturing heat discarded by industrial processes, households, transportation sector or any natural heat sources for electricity production.
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Чайка, В. Г. "Шляхи підвищення ефективності імпортної діяльності підприємства оптової та роздрібної торгівлі (на прикладі ТОВ «Шунгіт»)". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Chayka.pdf.
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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче<br>У роботі розглядаються теоретико-методичні основи дослідження ефективності імпортної діяльності підприємства оптової та роздрібної торгівлі. Досліджено чинники впливу на ефективність імпортної діяльності підприємства оптової та роздрібної торгівлі та систематизовано методи оцінки ефективності імпортної діяльності підприємства.
Проаналізовано показники сучасного стану та динаміки імпорту санітарно-технічної продукції ТОВ «Шунгіт». Проведено SWOT- та SPACE – аналіз досліджуваного підприємства. Визначені чинники впливу на ефективність імпортної діяльності ТОВ «»Шунгіт». Проведений аналіз показників ефективності імпортної діяльності ТОВ «Шунгіт».
Запропоновано шляхи підвищення ефективності імпортної діяльності ТОВ «Шунгіт» за рахунок використання торговельного фінансування імпортних операцій. Особливий наголос зроблено на оптимізації імпортних контрактів як фактора підвищення ефективності імпортної діяльності ТОВ «Шунгіт».<br>The theoretical and methodical bases of research of efficiency of import activity of the enterprise of wholesale and retail trade are considered in the work. Factors influencing the efficiency of import activity of the enterprise of wholesale and retail trade are investigated and methods of estimation of efficiency of import activity of the enterprise are systematized.
Indicators of the current state and dynamics of imports of sanitary products of Shungit LLC are analyzed. SWOT and SPACE analysis of the researched enterprise was carried out. Factors influencing the efficiency of import activity of Shungit LLC have been determined. The analysis of indicators of efficiency of import activity of LLC Shungit is carried out.
Ways to increase the efficiency of import activities of LLC Shungit through the use of trade financing of import operations are proposed. Special emphasis is placed on the optimization of import contracts as a factor in improving the efficiency of import activities of Shungit LLC.
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Joseph, Jyothis. "Improving Photovoltaic Panel Efficiency by Cooling Water Circulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404617/.
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This thesis aims to increase photovoltaic (PV) panel power efficiency by employing a cooling system based on water circulation, which represents an improved version of water flow based active cooling systems. Theoretical calculations involved finding the heat produced by the PV panel and the circulation water flow required to remove this heat. A data logger and a cooling system for a test panel of 20W was designed and employed to study the relationship between the PV panel surface temperature and its output power. This logging and cooling system includes an Arduino microcontroller extended with a data logging shield, temperature sensing probes, current sensors, and a DC water pump. Real-time measurements were logged every minute for one or two day periods under various irradiance and air temperature conditions. For these experiments, a load resistance was chosen to operate the test panel at its maximum power point. Results indicate that the cooling system can yield an improvement of 10% in power production. Based on the observations from the test panel experiments, a cooling system was devised for a PV panel array of 640 W equipped with a commercial charge controller. The test data logger was repurposed for this larger system. An identical PV array was left uncooled and monitored simultaneously to compare the effect of cooling, demonstrating that the cooled array provided up to an extra 132W or 20% of maximum power for sunny weather conditions. Future expansion possibilities of the project include automated water level monitoring system and water filtration systems.
Books on the topic "The coefficient of efficiency of import"
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Arkhiereev, S. I. Za mez︠h︡amy vyboru miz︠h︡ efektyvnisti︠u︡ ta spravedlyvisti︠u︡: Miz︠h︡narodnyĭ pidkhid = Beyond the limits of the equity-efficiency trade-off : an international approach = Za predelami vybora mezhdu ėffektivnostʹi︠u︡ i spravedlivostʹi︠u︡ : mezhdunarodnyĭ podkhod. KhNU imeni V.N. Karazina, 2008.
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Adhikari, Ramesh. Manufacturing industries in developing countries: An economic efficiency analysis of Nepal. Avebury, 1988.
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Manufacturing industries in developing countries: An economic efficiency analysis of Nepal. Avebury, 1988.
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Kazeykin, Valeriy, and Vladimir Tolstolugov. Theory and practice of implementation of high energy efficient technologies in construction based on Thermaron heat generators. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1146805.
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The monograph summarizes the legislative and regulatory framework, as well as shows the theory and practice of energy saving and energy efficiency development in Russia and in the world with the actualization of the use of a breakthrough domestic high-energy-efficient technology based on molecular heat generators Termaron. These devices use the principles of hydrolysis, cavitation, magnetism, resonance and synergy of these processes. The results of research conducted with the participation of specialists from Dubna state University, as well as the practice of using the Termaron ATP, showed that its operation provides a high efficiency in the use of electric energy, equal to 0.98, and the coefficient of conversion of electric energy to heat is from 2.3 to 4.6 (on average, 3.45). At the same time, the cost of heat energy and hot water supply is two to three times lower compared to traditional types of heat generating devices. It is intended for representatives of government authorities, University teachers, scientific and practical specialists in the field of design, construction and operation of energy-efficient residential and commercial real estate, state and municipal employees, managers and employees of development companies, students, masters, postgraduates and other specialists interested in improving their competencies in the field of energy efficiency based on domestic innovative breakthrough technologies in Russia and abroad.
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Roberts, Simon. Articular cartilage. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0005.
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Synovial joints allow the efficient and controlled movement necessary for sport with a biological shock-absorbing bearing of hyaline cartilage. This is an extremely low friction surface, with a coefficient of one-sixth of that of ice on ice, lower than most man-made bearing materials. It has viscoelastic properties allowing dynamic congruity and minimization of transmitted pressure and impact....
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Rau, Jochen. Processes and Responses. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595068.003.0007.
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Thermodynamic processes involve energy exchanges in the forms of work, heat, or particles. Such exchanges might be reversible or irreversible, and they might be controlled by barriers or reservoirs. A cyclic process takes a system through several states and eventually back to its initial state; it may convert heat into work (engine) or vice versa (heat pump). This chapter defines work and heat mathematically and investigates their respective properties, in particular their impact on entropy. It discusses the roles of barriers and reservoirs and introduces cyclic processes. Basic constraints imposed by the laws of thermodynamics are considered, in particular on the efficiency of a heat engine. The chapter also introduces the thermodynamic potentials: free energy, enthalpy, free enthalpy, and grand potential. These are used to describe energy exchanges and equilibrium in the presence of reservoirs. Finally, this chapter considers thermodynamic coefficients which characterize the response of a system to heating, compression, and other external actions.
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Adhikari, Ramesh. Economic efficiency of manufacturing industries in Nepal: An ex post economic efficiency analysis of major import substitute and export manufacturing industries. 1986.
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Covarrubias Díaz, Felipe. Evaluación de la Contribución de las Capacidades Numéricas Básicas y de la Memoria de Trabajo al Rendimiento Aritmético en Niños de Edad Escolar. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/20.500.12728/88642019mnc12.
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Introduction: There are several causes and explanations of the cognitive mechanisms that underlie the deficits of mathematical learning difficulties. Several studies have evaluated the relations among general domain cognitive abilities (like intellectual coefficient and working memory (WM)) or cognitive abilities of specific domain; However, there are a few studies that evaluate simultaneously the contribution of cognitive variables of both domains to the arithmetic efficiency. Aim: The present study aims to simultaneously evaluate the unique contribution of the basic numerical capacities (BNC-subitizing, counting and symbolic and non-symbolic comparison) and the different components of WM (verbal and visual-spatial) to the explanation of the variance in academic achievement in basic arithmetic, in third-year students of Basic General Education with and without difficulties in basic arithmetic Methodology: A sample of 93 children was evaluated through computerized tests of BNC and working memory tasks: A group of 25 children with arithmetic learning difficulties (ALD) and 68 children without difficulties in arithmetic (NAD). Results: We found that the symbolic comparison and visuo-spatial WM contribute significantly to efficiency in basic arithmetic. Discussion: The results support the hypothesis of a deficit in the access to the symbolic numerical representations as the origin of the difficulties in the performance in arithmetic and show that certain skills of general domain (WM) contribute significantly to the development of mental numerical representations. Conclusions: It is interesting to evaluate the predictive capacity of these variables, delving into pedagogical issues related to assessment and intervention in mathematics.
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Kinsella, David, and Alexander H. Montgomery. Arms Supply and Proliferation Networks. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.33.
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Network analyses of global and regional arms flows (including small arms and light weapons, major conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction) and related international insecurity and criminality have so far been limited. Yet the literature contains hypotheses that could be explored or tested using network analysis. This chapter discusses supply and demand effects, structural tradeoffs between security and efficiency, pressures to become more or less centralized, and the effects of geography and other network layers. It concludes by reviewing existing data sets and analyses and gauges the potential for network analysis to inform the study of arms transfer networks. Given the general import of these networks for both security studies and policy, there should be a renaissance in the study of arms supply and proliferation networks.
Book chapters on the topic "The coefficient of efficiency of import"
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Kospach, Alexander. "Truck Platoon Slipstream Effects Assessment." In Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88682-0_5.
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AbstractWith the increase of stringent emission standards and higher road transportation cycles in the last few decades, the importance of transport and fuel efficiency plays a major role. The aerodynamic forces on trucks have a huge impact of the overall fuel consumption rate. For a 40 tonnes semi-trailer truck at 85 km/h on a flat highway, around 40% of the provided engine power is needed to overcome the air resistance (Hucho in Aerodynamik des Automobils. Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden, [1]). An efficient way to reduce the aerodynamic drag of trucks is to build a platoon of trucks. To assess the potential of a truck platoon due to slipstream effect, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were conducted. The simulations were performed for a platoon with three trucks for different constant velocities at different inter-vehicle distances. The results are summarised in a normalised drag coefficient and fuel reduction map. As a limiting factor of platooning, the thermal management aspect must be considered, because the slipstream reduces the air mass flow through the engine compartment. This aspect of reduced air mass flow through the engine compartment was analysed as well.
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Ahlheim, Michael. "A Reconsideration of Debreu’s “Coefficient of Resource Utilization”." In Welfare and Efficiency in Public Economics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73370-3_2.
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Pierucci, Sauro, Renato Del Rosso, Angelo Sogaro, Claudio Ferrari, and Stefano Gaudenzi. "Heat Transfer Coefficient of a Film Condenser in a Dual Cycle Refrigeration System." In Energy Efficiency in Process Technology. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1454-7_49.
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Litvinova, Alla V., Natalya S. Talalaeva, and Mariya V. Parfenova. "Efficiency and Perspectives of Import Substitution Development in the Sphere of Leading Technologies." In "Smart Technologies" for Society, State and Economy. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59126-7_8.
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Wang, Wenping, Qiuying Shen, and Yuqing Chen. "Community Degree, Clustering Coefficient and Knowledge Propagation Efficiency in Complex Networks." In Understanding Complex Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13938-3_49.
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Pilt, Kristjan, K. Meigas, M. Rosmann, J. Lass, and J. Kaik. "An Experimental Study of PPG Probe Efficiency Coefficient Determination on Human Body." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69367-3_83.
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Bensaci, Charaf-Eddine, Abdelhafid Moummi, and Adnane Labed. "Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Coefficient and Thermal Efficiency of Solar Air Heaters Having Different Baffles." In Environmentally-Benign Energy Solutions. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20637-6_17.
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Ronco, C., D. Borin, A. Brendolan, et al. "Studies on Peritoneal UF Loss: The UF Coefficient (K) as an Index of the PM Filtration Efficiency." In Frontiers in Peritoneal Dialysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11784-2_17.
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O. Banjo, Solomon, Bukola O. Bolaji, Oluseyi O. Ajayi, and Olatunde A. Oyelaran. "Impact of Working Fluids and Performance of Isobutane in the Refrigeration System." In Low-Temperature Technologies and Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99121.
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The effect of heat transfer medium (HTM) on the environment is associated with ozone layer depletion and global warming. The role of HTM (working fluid) in the heating and air conditioning industries is paramount, which cannot be underestimated. The conventional refrigerant has been predominantly used over decades due to their thermodynamic properties. However, hydrocarbon refrigerants such as isobutane are considered substitutes because they have negligible global warming potential and zero ozone depletion. That makes it eco-friendly among other existing refrigerants. The investigation of the refrigeration system’s performance characteristics required consideration for the coefficient of performance, refrigerating effect, and the compressor work; this enables the determination of the system’s efficiency without any assumption. Another factor that suggests a better absorption of refrigerant (working fluid) into a refrigeration system is an increase in the coefficient of performance (COP). The effect will cause a reduction in the rate of energy consumption by the compressor. The result shows that the system’s coefficient of performance when using R600a was 27.1% higher than when working with R134a, with an energy reduction of 23.3%.
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Benard, Masese. "Impact of ICT Adoption on Small and Medium Enterprises in Ilala District, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania." In Digital Solutions and the Case for Africa’s Sustainable Development. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2967-6.ch002.
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ICT plays a critical role in the growth and development of SMEs. Tanzania is a developing country where small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are perceived as the engine of growth, yet they have not attained the expected level. The adoption of ICT enables the SMEs to be more competitive. ICT plays a very important role in the current knowledge economy. The ICT sector presents a tremendous opportunity for economic growth. If ICT is adopted, it will significantly improve the performance and productivity of SMEs. The problem facing most of the SMEs is partial or non-adoption of technology. They have to adopt ICT in order to remain competitive and be competitive. The study investigates how the adoption of ICT could contribute to the success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), examines impact of information and communication technologies in small and medium enterprises growth and development. Technology acceptance model was adopted by the researcher. The case study and cross-sectional survey research design was used to generate data. This is because with such a design it is easy to collect data in a short period of time from many respondents. The researcher used questionnaires to gather data from SMEs institutions covering Ilala district in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The researcher used the sample size of 82 respondents. Simple random sampling was used in sampling SMEs in Ilala district. The data collected from the survey was analyzed using simple percentage, mean, standard deviation, and regression analysis. The results show that T1 and T3 Pearson's correlation coefficient(r) equals .231*, indicating a strong relationship in terms of correlation. p< .037 and indicates that the coefficient is significantly different from 0. We can conclude that there is correlation between T1 and T3. In particular, it seems that the more the use of computer network it stimulates the growth and development of the SMEs (r = .231, p <.037). Also T1 and T2 Pearson's correlation coefficient(r) equals .196*, indicating a strong relationship in terms of correlation. p< .077 and indicates that the coefficient is significantly different from 0 (r = .196, p <.077). ICT has great potential in the growth and development of SMEs which is still untapped in Ilala district. The adaption of ICT in SMEs business has helped to transform business to another level, sharpen market intelligence, improve efficiency, reduce supply chain from B2C, B2B, and increase customer satisfaction.
Conference papers on the topic "The coefficient of efficiency of import"
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Pop, Petru A., Patricia A. Ungur, Liviu Lazar, and Florin M. Marcu. "Advanced Procedure Used for Determining the Absorption Coefficient of Sonic-Absorbent Materials." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63646.
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Solving the acoustical problem and improving the impact indoor environmental quality represents a priority for many researchers and manufacturers of materials with a high noise reduction of coefficient rating. The paper presents a real solution for determination the sound-absorption coefficient of materials with acoustical properties from the gypsum family. The procedure used for test is standing wave method into a Kundt tube. The experiment setup used a complex installation of a Kundt tube containing a loudspeaker for emitting the sound waves at a well-defined frequency by a first PC, a microphone for detecting and transmitting the signal to a second PC for analyzing and processing the data. All of these were performed by using MATLAB Programs. Tests were conducted with two material samples with original receipts, one from gypsum and other from special gypsum plaster with sound-absorbent properties. The frequency was set separately for each material from 50 Hz to 1250 Hz to determine their sound-absorption coefficients. The result of experiments shows the efficiency of installation and superiority of special gypsum plaster vs. gypsum along entire frequency range of testing that can be carrying on to other materials with sound properties.
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Dias, Rui, and Hortense Santos. "THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY: AN ECONOPHYSICS APPROACH." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.39.
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This paper aims to analyze the efficiency, in its weak form, between exchange rates, US-RMB, US-EUR, US-JPY, US-MYR, US-PHP, US-SGD, US-THB, US-CHF, US-GBP, in the period from July 1, 2019 to October 27, 2020. To perform this analysis, different approaches were undertaken to assess whether: (i) the impact of the global pandemic created long memories in international foreign exchange markets? The results of the exponents Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) show that the exchange rates US-THB (0.60), US-MYR (0.59), US-SGD (0. 59), present long memories, to a lesser extent the exchange pairs US-GBP (0.56), US-EUR (0.53). On the other side, exchange rates US-RMB (0. 47), US-JPY (0. 43), US-CHF (0. 46), US-PHP (0. 38) show anti persistence, while the Detrended cross-correlation coefficient (𝑝𝐷𝐶𝐶𝐴) results show 19 average correlation coefficients (≌ 0.333 → ≌ 0.666), 10 weak correlation coefficient (≌ 0,000 → ≌ 0.333), 7 strong non-trend cross correlation coefficients (0.666→ ≌ 1,000). In conclusion, we show that the exchange pairs analyzed show some predictability, that is, there are levels of arbitrage that can be explored by investors; we also found that the exchange rates analyzed have characteristics of diversification, due to the low autocorrelation between markets. The objective of this study was not to analyze abnormal profitability by investors without incurring additional risk.
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Cravero, Carlo, and Gabriele Milanese. "Analysis of the Design Bounds in Performance Limits for Industrial Axial Flow Fans." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16058.
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Abstract The design of an industrial axial flow fan can take great advantage from the knowledge of performance limits and favourable design choices determined from its specific fluid-dynamic characteristics. As for other turbomachinery types, this fact is generally experienced through the entire design flow-path, from the preliminary design phase to the final optimization. Correlations, data and charts available from literature as well as proprietary database, exploited with many techniques (including machine learning) are resources in widespread use for this purpose. Despite the fluid dynamics of axial flow fans can be considered a well-known topic, nevertheless some specific points (e.g. the maximum achievable total-to-static efficiency) can be the subject of discussions, misunderstanding or bad design choices. The present work addresses this problem in two parts. In the first part a simple 1D model is built, for fans with and without stator, from classical theory of axial fans for pressure rise coefficient, head coefficient, flow angles and diffusion efficiency. The most relevant quantities (e.g. total-to-total efficiency, total-to-static efficiency), obtained with the 1D model, are plotted on hill charts as a function of the non-dimensional pressure rise and flow coefficient. This tool provides information that can be used for preliminary design evaluations, to understand and exploit the impact of the main design choices on the basic flow characteristics and the related performance. In the second part of the work a numerical investigation is presented on the main 3D flow characteristics that are observed to limit, both in CFD simulations and experimental tests, the performance of industrial axial fans at high-pressure rise and low-to-medium flow coefficients. Simulations results highlighted that local critical swirl ratios exist for the hub and the tip regions which, when exceeded, lead with different flow topology changes to a strong performance degradation.
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Coull, John D., Nicholas R. Atkins, and Howard P. Hodson. "High Efficiency Cavity Winglets for High Pressure Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25261.
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The flow leaking over the tip of a high pressure turbine blade generates significant aerodynamic losses as it mixes with the freestream flow. This paper examines the potential for reducing these losses using winglets with recessed cavities on the tip. These features combine the loss-reduction mechanisms of cavity tips, which reduce the discharge coefficient, and winglet overhangs, which reduce the mixing Mach number, leakage flow angle mismatch, and the driving pressure ratio. RANS calculations are performed for an un-cooled HP rotor blade to explore the cavity-winglet design space and examine the impact on the aerothermal performance of the blade. Relative to a plain-tip design, a cavity tip can reduce the sensitivity to clearance by around 30%. Similar performance can be achieved using a flat-tip winglet with an overhang around the whole blade perimeter. However, by adding a cavity to this winglet it is possible to out-perform the cavity tip at all clearances, and reduce the sensitivity to clearance by 46% relative to the plain tip. This sensitivity is equivalent to a two-fin attached shroud, but the winglet blade will exhibit lower stress and require less coolant flow. Furthermore this cavity-winglet may offer some cooling advantages over the cavity tip.
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Hoznedl, Michal, Michal Kolovratník, Ladislav Tajč, Andreas P. Weiß, and Lukáš Mrózek. "Influence of Wet Steam on the Five-Stage Steam Turbine Efficiency." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75049.
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In the paper the behaviour of the five-stage experimental steam turbine 10 MW is described during the expansion transition from superheated steam to wet steam as well as the influence of wet steam on the flow path efficiency. The influence of wet steam occurrence on one to four last stages is given by setting the inlet steam parameters. The wetness of steam behind the last stage is calculated using two methods, first by enthalpy drop with the output measured by water brake and second by an optical probe. The results of both methods are compared. The impact of steam wetness increasing on a decrease in turbine efficiency is observed. In the paper the influence of steam wetness on the individual stage efficiency is also described and wetness loss coefficient is determined. Using the optical probe, assessment of poly-disperse structure of fine droplets is carried out, which is presented here by Sauter mean diameter. A pneumatic probe is used to define the distribution of velocities and pressures along the blade length after the last stage.
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Tulgar, Tamer, and Mohammed Salamah. "Channel import efficiency of the DonorList algorithm." In 2009 24th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences (ISCIS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscis.2009.5291805.
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Barankiewicz, Wendy S., and Michael D. Hathaway. "Effects of Stator Indexing on Performance in a Low Speed Multistage Axial Compressor." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-496.
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The results of an experimental investigation to determine the impact of stator row indexing or clocking on multistage axial compressor performance are presented. Testing was conducted in the NASA Lewis Research Center’s Four-Stage Axial Compressor Facility. The impact of stator row indexing on both the overall and stator 3 blade element performance is presented for both the peak efficiency and peak pressure operating conditions. The change in overall performance due to stator indexing is 0.2% for both operating conditions. Indexing resulted in a 5% change in stator 3 mass averaged loss coefficient at the peak efficiency condition and a 10% change at the peak pressure condition. Since the mass-averaged stator 3 loss coefficient is on the order of 7%, the changes in loss coefficient due to indexing are on the order of 0.35–0.7%. These changes are considered to be small and are of the same order of magnitude as the passage-to-passage differences in loss coefficient due to manufacturing and assembly tolerances in the test compressor. The effects of stator-stator wake interactions are also shown and indicate that for rows with unequal blade counts it may be necessary to survey across more than one blade row pitch for accurate blade row performance measurements.
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Schmidt, Marvin, Andreas Schütze, and Stefan Seelecke. "Experimental Investigation on the Efficiency of a Control Dependent NiTi-Based Cooling Process." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7561.
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Energy efficient systems and environmentally friendly solutions are the focus of many commercial development projects. Current refrigeration technology carries a significant share of global energy consumption and exploring alternative refrigeration principles has become increasingly important. Shape memory alloys (SMA’s), especially Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloys, generate a large amount of latent heat during solid-state phase transformations, which can lead to a significant cooling effect in the material. These materials not only provide the potential for an energy efficient cooling process, they also minimize the impact on the environment by reducing the need for conventional ozone-depleting refrigerants. This paper presents the first experimental results obtained in a project within the DFG Priority Programme SPP 1599 “Ferroic Cooling”. It focuses on the performance of a control-dependent process of a NiTi-based cooling system. First, a suitable cooling process is introduced and the underlying mechanisms of the process are explained. Then different process variations are developed, which influence the efficiency of the cooling process. These process variations are systematically analyzed with a novel, experimental testing system capable of tuning process parameters independently. The testing system is able to measure force, displacement, temperature distribution and heat simultaneously. The coefficient of performance (of the cooling process) can then be determined by which the influence of the control process on the efficiency can be observed.
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Desando, Alessio, Andrea Rapisarda, Elena Campagnoli, and Roberto Taurino. "Numerical Analysis of Honeycomb Labyrinth Seals: Cell Geometry and Fin Tip Thickness Impact on the Discharge Coefficient." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42106.
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The design of the newest aircraft propulsion systems is focused on environmental impact reduction. Extensive research is being carried out with the purpose of improving engine efficiency, enhancing crucial features, in order to decrease both fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. A lot of improvements to fulfill these objectives must be made, focusing on the optimization of the main engine parts through the utilization of new technologies. The leakage flow reduction in the turbo machinery rotor-stator interaction is one of the main topics to which numerous efforts are being devoted. Labyrinth seals, widely employed in the aerospace field thanks to their simple assembly process and maintenance, can be the means to achieve these objectives. This paper mainly focuses on the optimization of the labyrinth seal stator part, characterized, in modern Low Pressure Turbines (LPT), by a honeycomb cell pattern. The first phase of this study deals with the implementation and validation of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical model, by using the experimental data available in the literature. Discharge coefficients obtained by numerical simulations, performed at different clearances and pressure ratios on both smooth and honeycomb non-rotating labyrinth seals, are presented and compared to the literature data. Then, for both convergent and divergent flow conditions, the effects on the discharge coefficient due to variations in several cell pattern parameters (i.e. cell diameter, depth and wall thickness) and fin tip thickness are shown. For these analyses the values of clearance and pressure ratio are set at a constant value.
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Anand, Vishal, and Krishna Nelanti. "Probabilistic Assessment of Thermodynamic Output of an Intercooled-Reheated-Regenerative Brayton Cycle Coupled to Variable Temperature Heat Reservoirs." In ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3556.
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The gas turbine engine works on the principle of Brayton cycle. One of the ways to improve the thermal efficiency of gas turbine engine is to make changes in the Brayton cycle. These changes may include intercooling, reheating, regeneration etc. The aim of the present study is to do a probabilistic assessment of the thermal efficiency and the dimensionless power of an intercooled, reheated, regenerative Brayton cycle coupled to variable temperature heat reservoirs. The Spearman’s rank coefficient has been used to find the design parameters which most affect the thermal efficiency and the dimensionless power. The design parameters, such as the effectiveness of the different heat exchangers, the efficiency of turbines and compressors and the heat capacitance rates of the external and the working fluids; have been listed with their relative impact on the thermal efficiency and the dimensionless power. The probabilistic assessment gives us a new insight into the sensitivity of the thermal efficiency and the dimensionless power of the Brayton Cycle with respect to these parameters. It will help the designers/decision makers to allocate the limited resources in a better way with the ultimate aim of making more efficient power plants.
Reports on the topic "The coefficient of efficiency of import"
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Kraynova, O. S., A. A. Pulaikina, and V. S. Hilmanov. Increase efficiency of logistics business-processes of enterprises under the strategy of import substitution. Ljournal, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/kray-2016-artc-00065.
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Guido, Porto. Winners and loser of trade liberalization: frictions, rigidities and reforms. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2020.1.en.
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Trade liberalization brings economic gains to the economy due to efficiency improvements and lower prices. The gains, however, may not be for everybody: export sectors win and import sectors lose. This creates a distributional conflict. The gains and losses from trade, and the attendant conflict, evolve as the economy adjusts. This depends on capital and labor market rigidities. There is room for policies to help realize and enhance the gains from trade and to mitigate the losses.
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Ayoul-Guilmard, Q., F. Nobile, S. Ganesh, et al. D5.5 Report on the application of multi-level Monte Carlo to wind engineering. Scipedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2022.3.03.
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We study the use of multi-level Monte Carlo methods for wind engineering. This report brings together methodological research on uncertainty quantification and work on target applications of the ExaQUte project in wind and civil engineering. First, a multi-level Monte Carlo for the estimation of the conditional value at risk and an adaptive algorithm are presented. Their reliability and performance are shown on the time-average of a non-linear oscillator and on the lift coefficient of an airfoil, with both preset and adaptively refined meshes. Then, we propose an adaptive multi-fidelity Monte Carlo algorithm for turbulent fluid flows where multilevel Monte Carlo methods were found to be inefficient. Its efficiency is studied and demonstrated on the benchmark problem of quantifying the uncertainty on the drag force of a tall building under random turbulent wind conditions. All numerical experiments showcase the open-source software stack of the ExaQUte project for large-scale computing in a distributed environment.
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National Single Window: Guidance Note. Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim220175-2.
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This note provides information on planning and implementing electronic national single window systems to support efficient compliance with international trade regulations. A national single window enables trade and transport stakeholders to provide information to multiple government agencies through one platform to meet import, export, and transit requirements efficiently. Processing international trade through a single window reduces cargo release time and the cost of doing business, increases competitiveness and efficiency, and improves the way business is done. The guidance note explores why such a system matters, key governance and design components, international interoperability, good practices, and risk mitigation.
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EFFECT OF RANDOM PRE-STRESSED FRICTION LOSS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A SUSPEN-DOME STRUCTURE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.1.5.
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The key to the high-efficiency performance of the suspen-dome structure is to apply the pre-stressed design value to the structure accurately. However, engineering practice has found that the use of tensioning hoop cables to apply the pre-stress will produce noticeable pre-stressed friction loss (PFL), which significantly affects the safety performance of the structure. In this paper, based on a 1:10 scaled-down experiment model of a suspen-dome structure with rolling cable-strut joint installed, the random PFL (RPFL) effect of the suspen-dome on structure performance was analyzed through a probability statistics theory. First, aiming at the unequal tensioning force at both sides of the tensioned hoop cable during the tensioning process, a pre-stressed force calculation method is proposed that considers the unequal tensioning control force and RPFL at all cable–strut joints, and the reliability of this method is verified through a tension test. Then, based on the cable-joint tension test carried out in the early stage of the research group, a random mathematical model of the friction coefficient (FC) at the rolling cable–strut joint is established. And then, the cable force calculation method is used to establish the random finite element model, and independent and random changes in the FC at each rolling cable–strut joint can be considered. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the random mathematical characteristics of the mechanical performance parameters such as the member stress and joint deformation, and the obtained results are verified through a static loading experiment. In addition, to investigate the effect of random defects on structural stability, other random defects, such as the initial curvature and installation deviation, were continuously introduce based on the random finite element model. As such, we could obtain the law of the effect of multi-defect random variation coupling on the structure’s ultimate bearing capacity.