Relevant bibliographies by topics / The consequences of force majeure

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'The consequences of force majeure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "The consequences of force majeure"

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Zubir, Agusman, Fokky Fuad Wasitaatmadja, and Sadino. "The Imposition of Financial Consequences Due to Force Majeure in Construction Service Agreements." Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ) 5, no. 2 (2024): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/aclj.v5i2.33064.

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Force majeure events are likely in Indonesian construction projects due to the country'ssusceptibility to natural disasters. Contractors are particularly vulnerable to defaults like completion delaysand financial losses due to damage. Legal protection through force majeure clauses is crucial. However,some Project Owners hesitate to define force majeure conditions due to a lack of understanding.Researchers aim to clarify force majeure concepts in agreements and construction contracts to ensure legalcertainty for all parties involved. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach utilizi
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Paulus, Joni R., and Dirk J. Meeuwig. "Force Majeure - Beyond Boilerplate." Alberta Law Review 37, no. 2 (1999): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr524.

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This article discusses a common feature in petroleum contracts, the force majeure clause. The force majeure clause is often overlooked by parties and lawyers alike as mere boilerplate; however, the clause has important implications when certain events preclude performance of an agreement. An explanation of what encompasses a triggering event with respect to a force majeure clause is followed by a discussion of the consequences when the clause is invoked in various contractual situations. The authors show how careful drafting of a force majeure clause can minimize the potential for dispute and
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Zheng, Fangyan. "Research on the Application of Force Majeure Rules in International Commercial Contracts." International Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.70088/hn5tav77.

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This paper focuses on the application issues of force majeure rules in international commercial contracts, exploring the challenges and solutions in their practical implementation. Firstly, it systematically reviews the concept, characteristics, legislative models, and legal consequences of force majeure, comparing the relevant provisions in civil law systems, common law systems, and the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). Secondly, it delves into the main problems in the application of force majeure rules, including the criteria for identifying f
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Ward, Michael. "Eskom’s COVID-19 force majeure." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 3 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2020-0149.

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Learning outcomes The case describes the fall of Eskom, which in 2001 was named the Financial Times’ Power Company of the Year, but by 2019 was suffering from “systemic corruption, malfeasance, fraud and state capture” that had “compromised the credibility of the organisation and eroded investor confidence”. Eskom’s incompetent management lays the ground for reasonable doubt as to whether the force majeure notice was indeed irresistible. The case suggests several methods available in financial markets to hedge risk – but to what extent are these relevant and appropriate? The main objective of
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HLOBA, Anastasiia. "Force major and peculiarities of its application by business entities in contractual obligations during the martial law in Ukraine." Economics. Finances. Law 5, no. - (2022): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2022.5.2.

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Introduction. Force majeure is one of the tools of the legal mechanism that allows the parties to economic contractual relations to protect themselves from liability for negative consequences arising from circumstances in which it was impossible to take measures to avoid them, as well as in circumstances beyond their control. Intuitive war is perceived as an objectively existing phenomenon, the exact occurrence of which, as well as the consequences it causes, can not be reliably predicted and projected on the contractual relationship of the parties. Because of this, in the current conditions o
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Zinukhova, Viktoriia. "CONCERNING THE NATURE OF FORCE MAJEURE CIRCUMSTANCES DURING MARTIAL LAW." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 68 (July 3, 2023): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2023.68.24.

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The article analyzes a number of provisions on the researched topic. It was assumed that force majeure or force majeure is a general basis for exemption from civil liability, both contractual and non-contractual. In the work, we considered the circumstances of liability in cases of violation of non-contractual obligations under martial law. Also, specifics of the legislative requirements for recognition of certain circumstances of force majeure have been established. The consequences of the application of such circumstances and other features were determined. And they also formulated the concl
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Kholmurod, Ruzievich Isanov. "The Legal Nature of Force-Majeure." RA JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH 07, no. 11 (2021): 2683–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5717583.

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ABSTRACT This article analyzes the legal nature of the force majeure in the system of legal relations. The will of the parties to a force majeure legal relationship, as a sudden or unavoidable event or situation involving their will, affects the rights and obligations between them and has certain legal consequences, the whole system of legal relations has also been examined as the basis for exemption from liability or exclusion of liability. Approaches have also been explored in distinguishing a situation that led to harm as a risk (risk) or force majeure situation in determining liability for
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Putri, Mutia Kartika. "IMPLICATIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE IMPLEMENTATION BUSINESS CONTRACTS." Indonesia Private Law Review 4, no. 1 (2023): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/iplr.v4i1.2920.

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The spread of Covid-19 has caused many debtors to be unable to carry out their achievements in contracts. The problems in this research are related to force majeure according to civil law in Indonesia, whether what is included in the qualifications for the Covid-19 pandemic can be categorized as force majeure according to Indonesian civil law and the legal consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic related to the implementation of business contracts. This type of research is normative legal research and descriptive research. The results of the study show that the characteristics of force majeure in
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Permatasari, Made Intan. "PENYELESAIAN ATAS KEADAAN FORCE MAJEURE PADA RUMAH SUSUN YANG MASIH DALAM PROSES PEMBANGUNAN." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 6, no. 4 (2017): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2017.v06.i04.p04.

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Flat is one of the most popular alternative of housing due to limited land availability. In the construction of flats, the developer will usually ask for a down payment to consumers who want to order the apartment of flat units. The problem occurs when a force majeure occurs at the time the apartment is still under construction. The problems of the study: What are the legal consequences in case of force majeure of under construction flat? And how is the settlement of force majeure situation under construction flat? The research method used is normative research. The results of the discussion s
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Bata Ritonga, Ali, and Fauziah Lubis. "Penyelesaian Kasus-Kasus Wanprestasi (Studi Kasus Pada Kondisi Force Majeure Pada Pandemi Covid-19)." Rayah Al-Islam 6, no. 2 (2022): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37274/rais.v6i2.607.

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ABSTRAK
 Penyelesaian sengketa pada kondisi fore majeure akibat pandemic covid-19 merupakan suatu permohonan debitur untuk menunjukkan bahwa tidak dapat dilaksanakan apa yang sebelumnya telah dijanjikan karena disebabkan oleh hal-hal yang sama sekali tidak terduga atau situasi yang tidak diprediksi sebelumnya. Maka akibat hukumnya yang terdapat pada force majeure si berpiutang tidak bisa membebankan resiko yang didapatnya kepada si berutang dan si berutang tidak bisa juga dinyatakan lalai dalam kewajibanpemenuhan prestasi. Maka, akibat dari kasus covid-19 situasi force majeure sebagai jal
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The consequences of force majeure"

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Lorenzon, Francesca <1997&gt. "International Sale and Force Majeure." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20502.

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Lo scopo della mia tesi è quello di fare luce inizialmente sulla pratica dei contratti internazionali, individuando i principali contratti nel campo della vendita internazionale, soffermandomi sulle differenze tra Paesi di Civil law e di Common Law e poi approfondendo il problema del diritto applicabile ai contratti. Una questione che si pone sistematicamente poiché la legge che regola il contratto determinerà se esiste effettivamente un contratto valido, come sarà interpretato e i rimedi per la risoluzione a fronte di violazione del contratto da parte del venditore o dell'acquirente. Il princ
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Pažėraitė, Loreta. "Force majeure ir frustracija sutarčių teisėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20081203_204536-16112.

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Darbo tema - Force majeure (nenugalima jėga) ir frustracija sutarčių teisėje. Frustracija ir nenugalima jėga yra du atleidimo nuo sutarties vykdymo institutai. Šie institutai leidžia daryti išimtis iš kertinio sutarčių teisės principo – pacta sund servanda. Nenugalimos jėgos institutą įtvirtinančiose valstybėse, šio instituto taikymą papildo sutarties vykdymo pasikeitus aplinkybėms institutas, kitaip - rebus sic stantibus. Darbe naudojant istorinį, lyginamąjį, analizės ir kitus metodus, siekiama aptarti nenugalimos jėgos, frustracijos ir giminingų atleidimo nuo sutarties vykdymo institutų gene
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Bibanda, Antoine. "La force majeure en droit public." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32015.

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La force majeure est definie comme un evenement imprevisible, irresistible et exterieur a la partie qui s'en prevaut. En droit public, le domaine d'application de la force majeure est celui de la responsabilite administrative generale. Elle s'applique egalement en matiere de contrats ; de traites internationaux et de quasi-delits. L'evenement de force majeure peut provenir soit d'un fait naturel, soit d'un fait humain. La determination des cas de force majeure est une oeuvre purement jurisprudentielle. En matiere de responsabilite administrative, l'administration est dechargee de toute respons
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Szurek, Sandra. "La force majeure en droit international." Paris 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA020050.

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Antonmattei, Paul-Henri. "Contribution à l'étude de la force majeure." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10004.

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Les juridictions de l'ordre judiciaire placent la force majeure sous le signe de la variation : variations de la qualification mais aussi variations des fonctions de cette notion. Les premieres sont reductibles le contenu de la qualification peut etre stabilise par l'abandon du tryptique - exteriorite, imprevisibilite, irresistibilite - qui traditionnellement le caracterise. Trois standards sont preferables : l' impossibilite creee par l'evenement, l'inevitabilite et l'irresistibilite stricto sensu. La force majeure est des lors un standard juridique. Les variations du jeu de la qualification
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Le, Roy Dominique. "La Force majeure dans le commerce international." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010267.

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La notion de force majeure figure dans les differents systemes juridiques, mais ceux-ci different quant aux caracteres qu'ils lui attribuent. Les agents du commerce international confrontes a cette diversite, que ne resout qu'imparfaitement les solutions proposees par les regles de conflit de lois, ont essaye de les resoudre a l'aide de clauses specifiques et du recours a l'arbitrage en cas de differends. Cependant, c'est en precisant la maniere de faire face aux consequences des difficultes creees par la force majeure, plus que par sa definition que les protagonistes ont mis en evidence une d
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Pettersson, Elsa. "Force majeure, distress, and necessity : - COVID-19." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92972.

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Khoury, Bassel. "A poisson regression model for assessing force majeure claims." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103839.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-104).<br>Empirical legal analysis is an emerging discipline of statistical and legal scholarship. Despite its importance, however, there is a lack of empirical research on the affirmative defense of force majeure, which eliminates liability for a breach of contract in the case of an unforeseeable and uncontrollable event that renders performance impossible. This study seeks to fill the gap in the
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Magnusson, Linnéa, and Sophie Nyberg. "Force Majeure : Utvecklingen av begreppets innebörd och användningsområde inom köprätten." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121655.

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Force majeure kan åberopas som ansvarsbefriande grund när något oförutsett och extraordinärt inträffar, vilket gör att en säljare inte kan fullgöra sin del av avtalet i tid.Begreppet är dock otydligt definierat i såväl lagtext som doktrin. Detta gör att förståelsen fördess användningsområde och tillämplighet är begränsad. På grund av att KöpL är dispositiv kommer force majeure idag oftast till uttryck genom friskrivningsklausuler i standardavtal. Som ett resultat av begreppets oklara innebörd utformas klausulerna på olika sätt, beroende på vilka som är parter, och ger därmed uttryck för olika
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Drobitko, Oleg. "Nenugalima jėga (force majeure), kaip atleidimo nuo civilinės atsakomybės pagrindas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130626_091715-26555.

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Kaip vieną iš civilinės atsakomybės netaikymo ar atleidimo nuo civilinės atsakomybės pagrindų Lietuvos Respublikos Civilinis kodeksas nustato nenugalimą jėgą (force majeure). Siekiant nustatyti kokiais atvejais asmuo yra atleidžiamas nuo civilinės atsakomybės nenugalimos jėgos pagrindu, darbe buvo išsikeltas tikslas - atskleisti nenugalimos jėgos force majeure) aplinkybės sampratą bei taikymo ypatumus atleidžiant asmenį nuo civilinės atsakomybės taikymo. Siekiant užsibrėžto tikslo magistro baigiamajame darbe buvo analizuojama teisės doktrina bei Lietuvos Respublikos teismų praktika. Darbe buvo
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Books on the topic "The consequences of force majeure"

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Tom, Sniegoski, and Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), eds. Force majeure. Simon Pulse, 2002.

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Wagner, Bruce. Force majeure. Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2005.

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Wagner, Bruce. Force majeure. Random House, 1991.

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Bruce, Wagner. Force Majeure. Arrow Bks., 1993.

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Treitel, G. H. Frustration and force majeure. Sweet & Maxwell, 1994.

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Ewan, McKendrick, ed. Force majeure and frustration of contract. 2nd ed. Lloyd's of London Press, 1995.

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Ewan, McKendrick, ed. Force majeure and frustration of contract. Lloyd's of London Press, 1991.

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Diaconu, Daniel Constantin. Force Majeure in the Hydropower Industry. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27402-2.

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Jugnon, Alain. Michel Onfray: La force majeure de l'athéisme. Pleins Feux, 2006.

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Mestad, Ola. Om force majeure og risikofordeling i kontrakt. Universitetsforlaget, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "The consequences of force majeure"

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Diaconu, Daniel Constantin. "Force Majeure." In Force Majeure in the Hydropower Industry. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27402-2_6.

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Beadnall, Stuart, and Simon Moore. "Force majeure." In Offshore Construction, 2nd ed. Informa Law from Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367855574-15.

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Wilhelmsson, Thomas. "Social Force Majeure." In Critical Studies in Private Law. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8028-1_7.

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Solimene, Fabio. "Prevention and force majeure." In The Law and Practice of Complex Construction Projects. Informa Law from Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003387718-44.

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Johnson, Owain. "Facing a force majeure." In 40 Classic Crude Oil Trades. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144335-13.

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Pathak, Akhileshwar. "Force Majeure (Impossibility) Clause." In Contract Terms in International Business. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-8146-4_7.

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Falzon, Christopher. "Force Majeure – the force of circumstances." In Experiments in Film and Philosophy. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003207764-6.

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Jaeger, Axel-Volkmar, and Götz-Sebastian Hök. "Discharge, Frustration and Force Majeure." In FIDIC - A Guide for Practitioners. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02100-8_18.

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Nataliia, Fedosenko, Kupriianova Anastasiia, Lubentcov Andrii, Lyzohub Vitalii, and Vasyliev Ievgen. "Force Majeure Circumstances in Aviation Activities." In Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering - 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60549-9_18.

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Diaconu, Daniel Constantin. "Concrete Cases of Invocation of Force Majeure." In Force Majeure in the Hydropower Industry. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27402-2_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "The consequences of force majeure"

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Al Marri, Dana Ahmad. "Mitigating Legal Risks in Construction Project Contracts: The Importance and the Applicability of Force Majeure Clauses." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0048.

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Contracts in the construction industry are structured in a manner that splits the risks between different contracting parties; hence risk allocations within the contract affect the price and operation. As most Construction Contracts are long-term contracts, therefore, it is essential to consider having provisions to mitigate foreseeable and unforeseeable risks which may reduce the positive economic prospects and gains, if not, properly evaluated, managed and considered under the contract. For those reasons and many others, the Force Majeure (FM) or the act of God clauses are included in almost
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Syrkov, Anton, and Niels Peter Høj. "Bridge failures analysis as a risk mitigating tool." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0304.

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&lt;p&gt;The research background as a database of bridge failures was created by author at the place of main work in 2006 - 2015 for improving design. Since 2015, an initiative to collect and analyse data on failures and collapses of bridges was continued by Working Commission 1 of IABSE, since 2017 - by the Target Group 1.5. For further study, the information concerning highway and pedestrian bridges collapsed over last 52 years was selected. The consequences for human life and health were defined at the rate of fatalities and injured persons. Also the types of crucial human errors or other f
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"Scientific and Methodological Principles of Information and Analytical Support of the Digital Transformation of Education and Pedagogics Under Martial Law Conditions (to the All Ukrainian Science Festival)." In Науково-методичні засади інформаційно-аналітичного супроводу цифрової трансформації освіти і педагогіки в умовах воєнного стану (до Всеукраїнського фестивалю науки). TVORY, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/lib.naes.735412.

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The collection of materials (summaries of reports) of the round table "Scientific and methodological principles of informational and analytical support of the digital transformation of education and pedagogy in the conditions of martial law", dedicated to the All-Ukrainian Science Festival, held on May 17, 2023 in a mixed mode, contains the summaries of the participants' reports and the main organizational event documents. The topics of the publications are placed in sections according to the directions specified in the program. The round table has a transdisciplinary character, i.e. it is int
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Trush, Oleksandr, Dmytro Gorovyi, and Yuliya Bogoyavlenska. "Force Majeure and Insurance of Risks of Economic Emergencies." In International Conference on Monitoring, Modeling & Management of Emergent Economy. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011931500003432.

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Iskandar, Hardian. "The Force Majeure Clause Amid New Normal Covid 19." In 1st UMGESHIC International Seminar on Health, Social Science and Humanities (UMGESHIC-ISHSSH 2020). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211020.084.

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Aziz, Ahmed Abdel, and Tai-Ling Shen. "Management of Force Majeure Risks in Canadian PPP Transportation Projects." In Construction Research Congress 2016. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479827.055.

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Tang, Yingyuan, and Chenhao Zhao. "A Brief Analysis on the Force Majeure of Covid-19." In 2020 5th International Conference on Humanities Science and Society Development (ICHSSD 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200727.150.

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Salahuddin Ali, Younis. "The Legal Impacts of the Force Majeure Clause on the Supply Chain Resilience in Response to Unexpected Disruptions." In The 5th International Scientific Conference on Administrative and Financial Sciences (CIC-ISCAFS'2025). Cihan University-Erbil, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24086/icafs2025/paper.1750.

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ABSTRACT: The force majeure clause is a contractual term, inserted or incorporated in the supply chain contract, to allow the contracting parties to renegotiate the contract, for the purpose of the suspension, modification and adjustment of the contract, during the occurrence of the supply chain disruptions, rather than its complete termination. This clause, known also as the renegotiating term, plays a considerable role during the occurrence of the supply chain disruptions, in order to perform the proactive plans which, facilitate the supply chain resilience and minimize the effects of risks
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Dimov, Georgi, Svetlana Tzvetkova, Angel Petleshkov, and Yavor Lozanov. "Change of power supply continuity indices due to force majeure circumstances." In 2020 12th Electrical Engineering Faculty Conference (BulEF). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bulef51036.2020.9326031.

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"Research on Price Adjustment of Construction Contract Caused by Force Majeure." In 2018 International Conference on Computer, Civil Engineering and Management Science. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/iccems.2018.48.

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Reports on the topic "The consequences of force majeure"

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Alston, Aurelia. The Force of Manhood: The Consequences of Masculinity Threat on Police Officer Use of Force. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5416.

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Heath, Rachel, and Seema Jayachandran. The Causes and Consequences of Increased Female Education and Labor Force Participation in Developing Countries. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22766.

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Leis and Hopkins. L52013 Mechanical Damage Gaps Analysis. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010248.

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Pipelines fail due to various causes. The "outside forces" incident category includes acts of man (such as impact damage by earth moving machinery) but it also embraces acts of nature. Outside forces has been the dominant incident category in most Western World oil and gas transmission pipeline systems. Incidents due to outside forces have been the leading cause of significant failures on transmission pipelines in the USA since formal record keeping and trend analysis of incidents began in the 1970's. This trend remains currently, with these results reflecting incident experience for 2002. Whi
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Hallward-Driemeier, Mary, Carmen Pagés, and Reyes Aterido. Does Expanding Health Insurance Beyond Formal-Sector Workers Encourage Informality?: Measuring the Impact of Mexico's Seguro Popular. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011476.

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Seguro Popular (SP) was introduced in 2002 to provide health insurance to the 50 million Mexicans without Social Security. This paper tests whether the program has had unintended consequences, distorting workers' incentives to operate in the informal sector. The analysis examines the impact of SP on disaggregated labor market decisions, taking into account that program coverage depends not only on the individual's employment status, but also on that of other household members. The identification strategy relies on the variation in SP's rollout across municipalities and time, with the differenc
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Mora-Sanguinetti, Juan S., Laura Hospido, and Andrés Atienza-Maeso. The numbers of equality regulation. Quantifying regulatory activity on non-discrimination and its relationship with gender gaps in the labour market. Banco de España, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/34754.

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Public policies that aim to achieve gender equality, improve work-life balance or combat harassment may have economic consequences, for example, through changes in the labour supply of women or other groups. Although there may be an increase in social awareness of these problems, a separate question is whether this increase is reflected in specific legislation in a society. The objective of this paper is to quantify for the first time when, where and at what rate these social concerns have been translated into legislation. The study covers the period 1996-2022, identifying both central governm
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Anderson, Donald M., Lorraine C. Backer, Keith Bouma-Gregson, et al. Harmful Algal Research & Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS), 2024-2034. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/69773.

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Harmful and toxic algal blooms (HABs) are a well-established and severe threat to human health, economies, and marine and freshwater ecosystems on all coasts of the United States and its inland waters. HABs can comprise microalgae, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae (seaweeds). Their impacts, intensity, and geographic range have increased over past decades due to both human-induced and natural changes. In this report, HABs refers to both marine algal and freshwater cyanobacterial events. This Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS) 2024-2034 plan bu
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences betwee
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Lost production due to internal displacement - The 2017 earthquake in Mexico. Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55363/idmc.zvvv1411.

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Beyond the losses caused by a disaster’s destructive force, less direct consequences can also impact the economy. One is the inability of people displaced by the disaster to continue their habitual work. By disconnecting people from their productive activity for days, weeks, months or even years, internal displacement reduces economic production. In the case of the 2017 earthquake in Mexico, internal displacement led to an estimated reduction in economic production of $160 million, or 0.01 per cent of Mexico’s GDP. This paper is part of IDMC's thematic series "The ripple effect: economic impac
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