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Journal articles on the topic 'The five forces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Dulčić, Želimir, Vladimir Gnjidić, and Nikša Alfirević. "From Five Competitive Forces to Five Collaborative Forces: Revised View on Industry Structure-firm Interrelationship." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 58 (October 2012): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1088.

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2

Lien, Mark. "Forces of Change: Five Game Changers in Five Years." Lighting Design + Application 43, no. 8 (2013): 16–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/036063251304300805.

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3

Gifford, David K. "Five Forces Shaping Experimental Computer Science." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 26, no. 1 (1992): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/130704.2095385.

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4

Chen, Lifan. "Porter’s Five Forces: Coca-Cola Amatil." Frontiers in Sustainable Development 4, no. 11 (2024): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/x51y8j83.

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This report focuses on the competitive position of Coca-Cola Amatil in the Australian soft drink market. By using Porter's (1980) Five Forces as a model to evaluate the success of Coca-Cola Amatil, this report will analyse the success and shortcomings of its business. In terms of the power of suppliers, the power of buyers, and the threat of substitutes, Coca-Cola Amatil has managed to seize some opportunities and overcome some challenges, but there still exist problems such as the negative impact of packaging. It is recommended that Coca-Cola should satisfy buyers’ pluralism demand, build a s

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Nurlansa, Osiany, and Handaru Jati. "Analysis Porter’s Five forces Model on Airbnb." Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education) 1, no. 2 (2017): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/elinvo.v1i2.12457.

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This paper discusses about Airbnb. Airbnb is a company website that allows ordinary people to rent their residence as tourist accommodation. Anyone can rent rooms to suit their budget. The company established in 2008, and eight years later by a very rapid growth, the company reaches a turnover of millions of rooms per year. Airbnb analyzed using Porter's Five Forces Model. According to Porter, the competitive nature of the industry could be seen as a combination of top five strengths, namely Rivalry Among Existing Competitors, Threat of New Entrants, Threat of substitude Products or Services,

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6

Duke, Duncan. "Porter’s Five Forces and the Coffee Industry." Management Teaching Review 3, no. 3 (2017): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2379298117726765.

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7

Meyer, Chris, and David Gordon Cohen. "Porter’s Five Forces in the Post-industrial Age." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (2018): 16589. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.16589abstract.

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8

Greiner, Michael, and Scott D. Julian. "An Empirical Test of the Five Forces Model." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (2017): 11870. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.11870abstract.

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9

Jacob, Wallace. "A Case Study on Porter’s Five Forces Model." ANVESHAK-International Journal of Management 10, no. 1 (2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.15410/aijm/2021/v10i1/157532.

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Kumar, Vikas, and Pooja Nanda. "Approaching Porter's five forces through social media analytics." International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics 12, no. 2 (2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsoi.2022.126329.

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11

McMillan, Charles. "Five competitive forces of effective leadership and innovation." Journal of Business Strategy 31, no. 1 (2010): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756661011012741.

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12

Wellner, S., and J. Lakotta. "Porter's Five Forces in the German railway industry." Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 14 (June 2020): 100181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2020.100181.

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13

Grundy, Tony. "Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porter's five forces model." Strategic Change 15, no. 5 (2006): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsc.764.

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14

Пономарев, Б., Boris Ponomarev, Хьен Нгуен, and Hien Nguyen. "DYNAMICS OF FIVE-AXIS END MILLING PROCESS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 7 (2019): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5d35d0b677dc74.96046396.

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The article presents the experimental results of the influences of machining conditions and tool orientation on cutting forces during the end milling of free-form surfaces. A series of experiments are carried out on the machining of steel 3 blanks on a five-axis milling machine model HSC 75 linear using 2-flute and 4-flute ball end mills from MITSUBISHI with diameters from 5 mm to 10 mm. The dependency diagrams and graphs of cutting forces and their projections on cutting time are given at different spindle speeds, feeds per tooth, depths of cut, tilt angles and lead angle when using different

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15

KHALILOV, Isa, Savalan KERIMOV, and Semaye BAGIROVA. "KINETOSTATIC ANALYSIS OF A FIVE-LINK FLAT MECHANISM." Machine Science Journal 4, no. 2 (2024): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.61413/nxau2793.

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The article considers the first problem of dynamics. With a known law of motion of a fivelink flat mechanism, which also includes a higher kinematic pair, unknown forces are determined. The reaction forces in kinematic pairs and the balancing force applied to the input link of the mechanism are determined by the graphoanalytical method.

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16

Kostetska, Nataliia. "M. PORTER'S FIVE FORCES MODEL AS A TOOL FOR INDUSTRIAL MARKETS ANALYSIS." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 4 (2022): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2022.4.18.

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Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of using M. Porter's five forces model to analyse industrial markets and behaviour of firms in modern conditions. Methodology of research. Scientific works of scholars on the functioning and analysis of industrial markets are the theoretical and methodological bases of the research. The following general scientific research methods are used in the article, namely: comparison and theoretical generalization methods to study the five forces of industry competition; analysis and synthesis methods to identify the advantages and disadvant

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17

Marešová, Petra, and Kamil Kuča. "PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ON MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRY IN EUROPE." Military Medical Science Letters 83, no. 4 (2014): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31482/mmsl.2014.024.

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18

Koçoğlu, Duygu, and Murat Kantar. "Evaluation Of Turkish Mining Industry By Five Forces Model." Pamukkale Journal of Business and Information Management 3, no. 1 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/pibyd.2016.36025.

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19

Rice, John. "Adaptation of Porter's Five Forces Model to Risk Management." Defense Acquisition Research Journal 29, no. 100 (2022): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22594/dau.21-890.29.02.

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Prominent tools for assessing and managing risk include risk cubes, risk burndown charts, and automated risk management software. They are generally lacking, however, in accommodating ideation and brainstorming to identify potential problems. A suggested approach for improving the process is to apply strategic management models currently used as commercial best practices. Many are directly applicable and adaptable to systems engineering processes including risk management. This article presents traditional risk tools and introduces a complementary management model tailored to the identificatio

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20

Karagiannopoulos, G. D., N. Georgopoulos, and K. Nikolopoulos. "Fathoming Porter's five forces model in the internet era." info 7, no. 6 (2005): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690510628328.

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21

Handojo, Rubi, Nanang Suryadi, Aris Hardiatno, and Bayu Rafisukmawan. "Analisa Porter’s Five Forces dalam Keberlangsungan Usaha Perusahaan Asuransi." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 9, no. 10 (2024): 5550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v9i10.16712.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan asuransi di dunia menggunakan kerangka kerja Porter Five Forces. Metode yang digunakan adalah structured literature review, yang memungkinkan peneliti untuk mengidentifikasi, memilih, dan mengevaluasi literatur yang relevan secara sistematis dan transparan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Porter Five Forces adalah alat yang efektif untuk menganalisis kekuatan kompetitif dalam industri asuransi. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan berharga bagi perusahaan asuransi untuk mengembangkan strategi yang

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22

Bergmann, G., F. Graichen, and A. Rohlmann. "Five month in vivo measurement of hip joint forces." Journal of Biomechanics 22, no. 10 (1989): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(89)90119-x.

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23

Williams, L. L. "Long-Range Scalar Forces in Five-Dimensional General Relativity." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2020 (November 9, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9305187.

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We present new results regarding the long-range scalar field that emerges from the classical Kaluza unification of general relativity and electromagnetism. The Kaluza framework reproduces known physics exactly when the scalar field goes to one, so we studied perturbations of the scalar field around unity, as is done for gravity in the Newtonian limit of general relativity. A suite of interesting phenomena unknown to the Kaluza literature is revealed: planetary masses are clothed in scalar field, which contributes 25% of the mass-energy of the clothed mass; the scalar potential around a planet

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24

Li, Zhen, and Bing Yan. "Ball-End Cutter Machining Process Analysis in Five-Axis Milling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.903.

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In this paper, the three dimensional geometrical analysis is depicted with the interacting relations among cutting edge, undeformed chip and shear zone along cutting direction, and a general geometrical model of five-axis machining curve surface in ball-end milling is presented. A general force model is derived, and the three dimensional cutting forces are predicted. The influences of different angle of the centerline of the cutter to the cutting forces are considered. The three dimensional cutting forces are applied to construct and analysis the structural vibratory model of the system.

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25

Göral, Ramazan. "Competitive Analysis of the Hotel Industry in Konya by Using Porter’s Five Forces Model." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 3, no. 1 (2015): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v3i1.p106-115.

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One of the areas of industry in Konya which needs to be analyzed regarding effective factors on competition is hotel industry. Accordingly, the current research tries to analyze factors impacting on the industry using Porter's five forces model. According to this model, an industry is affected by five competitive forces and these forces determine the state of competitiveness and profitability of an industry. Porter’s model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet the opportunities and threats in the organizations external environment. Especially, competitive strategy shoul

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26

Sutherland, Ewan. "Lobbying and litigation in telecommunications markets – reapplying Porter’s five forces." info 16, no. 5 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-03-2014-0018.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider extending the Porter “five forces” model for business strategy to encompass nonmarket actions in the telecommunications sector. Design/methodology/approach – The Porter five forces model is reviewed in terms of a heavily regulated sector, examining each force in turn, with examples of the use by market players of lobbying and litigation to affect market outcomes. Findings – The “five forces” model is a useful tool in analysing advocacy, lobbying and litigation by players in a heavily regulated market. Practical implications – The extension ope

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27

Bratiotis, Christiana. "Community hoarding task forces: a comparative case study of five task forces in the United States." Health & Social Care in the Community 21, no. 3 (2012): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12010.

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28

Boz, Yaman, Huseyin Erdim, and Ismail Lazoglu. "Modeling Cutting Forces for Five Axis Milling of Sculptured Surfaces." Advanced Materials Research 223 (April 2011): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.223.701.

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5-axis ball-end milling processes are used in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, die-mold and biomedical industries. 5-axis machining provides reduced cycle times and more accurate machining via reduction in machining setups, use of shorter tools due to improved tool accessibility. However, desired machining productivity and precision can be obtained by physical modeling of machining processes via appropriate selection of process parameters. In response to this gap in the industry this paper presents a cutting force model for 5-axis ball-end milling cutting force prediction. Cut

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29

Kumar, Vikas, and Pooja Nanda. "Approaching the Porters Five Forces through Social Media Analytics." International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics 12, no. 2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsoi.2022.10050675.

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30

Hanafi, Rosmalina, Musmiana Mendong, and Syarifuddin Parenreng. "Penentuan Faktor Daya Saing Industri Seafood Menggunakan Five Forces Analysis." Jurnal Penelitian Enjiniring 23, no. 2 (2019): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/jpe.112019.08.

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The seafood industry has experienced a gradual increase in exports each year which has an impact on the high value of competitiveness in companies. PT. Nirvana Niaga Sejahtera is a seafood industry engaged in the tuna commodity export trade. The concept of competitiveness analysis and the best supplier selection used is the Five Forces Analysis concept based on five strength indicators which are incoming company threats, buyers, consumers, substitute product manufacturers, analysis of supplier strengths and AHP methods use expert choice 11 software to produce the company's best supplier. The r

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31

Amara, Suneetha, and Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi. "The Five Immune Forces Impacting DNA-Based Cancer Immunotherapeutic Strategy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 3 (2017): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030650.

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32

RADWIN, ROBERT G., SEOUNGYEON OH, TODD R. JENSEN, and JOHN G. WEBSTER. "External finger forces in submaximal five-finger static pinch prehension." Ergonomics 35, no. 3 (1992): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139208967813.

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33

Iqbal, Ichsan. "ANALISIS THE FIVE FORCES STRATEGY PADA AL-MUMTAZ PEDULI PONTIANAK." Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 24, no. 1 (2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ws.24.1.976.

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<p class="IIABSBARU">This study discussed the implementation of the strategy management system on zakat management organizations 'Al-Mumtaz Peduli’ Pontianak, West Kalimantan. Using the Five Forces Strategy analysis, the researcher will see to what extent Al-Mumtaz Peduli Pontianak is able to serve its function as a zakat agency competing with other organizations. This study was a field and qualitative research. The data had been obtained through interviews and documentation. This study concludes that Al-Mumtaz Peduli recognized other zakat institutions are partners that can work togethe

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Warja, Ade Agung Gunawan, Abdurahman Abdurahman, and Pupung Purnamasari. "Business Strategy Analysis of Kopi Kenangan Using Porter's Five Forces." Jurnal Minfo Polgan 13, no. 2 (2025): 2288–93. https://doi.org/10.33395/jmp.v13i2.14443.

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This research analyzes the business strategy of Kopi Kenangan using Porter’s Five Forces framework to understand the competitive dynamics in Indonesia’s grab-and-go coffee industry. Utilizing a desk research approach, secondary data from various sources were processed and qualitatively analyzed. The results show that Kopi Kenangan has leveraged brand differentiation, product diversification, and investment support to strengthen its market position. However, threats from new entrants, supplier power, and intense competition remain significant challenges. This study provides strategic insights f

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35

Vining, Aidan R. "Public Agency External Analysis Using a Modified “Five Forces” Framework." International Public Management Journal 14, no. 1 (2011): 63–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2011.547819.

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36

Arif, Arif, and Gian Riksa Wibawa. "ANALISIS DAYA TARIK INDUSTRI KERAJINAN RAJAPOLAH MELALUI PORTER FIVE FORCES." JURNAL EKONOMI PERJUANGAN 3, no. 2 (2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36423/jumper.v3i2.904.

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Every company is basically faced with a situation to continue to innovate, both in terms of products, services or distribution. Increasing competition requires companies to continue to optimize their market share in an effort to achieve maximum performance. The purpose of this research is to see what strategies can be developed by CV Yukka Handicraft and to measure how attractive an industry is through the Porter Five Force method. This type of research is a qualitative research with data collection techniques from interviews and questionnaires. Based on the results of this study, it is known

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37

Quaranta, A. "Analyzing the Dental Market Through Porter�s Five Forces Framework." Annali di Stomatologia 15, no. 1 (2024): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.59987/ads/2024.1.39-41.

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38

Gultom, Muhammad Reza Firdaus, and Posma Lumbanraja. "ANALISIS STRATEGI PADA UMKM SEPATU KOTAMA DENGAN PORTER'S FIVE FORCES." Journal Business Administration: Entrepreneurship and Creative Industry 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jba.v1i1.9040.

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Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are growing so fast in Indonesia. The government's encouragement of the growth of MSMEs has been one of the factors in people to change their mindset from looking for work to open employment. In 2017 there were 527,053 MSME units registered in Medan City. With a sufficient number of MSMEs, this will certainly help the Indonesian economy in increasing the country's GDP. However, these MSMEs need to have the right strategy to be able to compete with other MSMEs as well as large enterprises In this study, an analysis was conducted a qualitative analysis

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39

Yoshida, Jun, Keiko Udo, Yuriko Takeda, and Akira Mano. "CENTURY-SCALE SHORELINE CHANGES OF FIVE BEACHES IN JAPAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.management.35.

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Coastal erosion caused by sea level rise is a serious problem for people all over the world. Global sea level will rise from 0.18 to 0.59 m (IPCC, 2007). Along the coasts in Japan, sea level will rise from 0.09 to 0.27 m by the end of this century. The future estimation considers only thermal expansion due to rising sea temperature caused by global warming. However, considering the contribution of scale-down of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet, there is potential of the increase in the rate of sea level rise. There are few studies which evaluate impacts of the future beach erosion on society

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40

Butarbutar, Injen Pardamean, Novia Purnamasari, and Koko Safitri. "AN ANALYSIS ON FIVE FORCES DAN BCG MATRIX FOR APPLE INC. COMPANY." Maker: Jurnal Manajemen 9, no. 2 (2023): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37403/mjm.v9i2.615.

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This research aims to conduct an analysis of Five Forces and BCG Matrix for Apple Inc. The Five Forces analysis is used to evaluate the competitiveness of the industry in which Apple operates, while the BCG Matrix is employed to measure the company's product portfolio. Data for this study are sourced from reliable resources, including the company's financial reports, industry reports, and related publications. The Five Forces analysis reveals that the technology and software industry in which Apple operates is highly competitive. Threats from major competitors, the level of product substitutio

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41

Putra, Muh Rifqi Ananda Putra, Ricky Karya Pratama, and Pringgo Dwiyantoro. "Application of SWOT Analysis and Porter’s Five Forces As a Foundation for Formulating Marketing Strategies." Journal of Mandalika Review 3, no. 2 (2024): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55701/mandalika.v3i2.129.

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Abstract Introduction: This study develops previous research by combining SWOT and Porter's Five Forces Models as a basis for determining tourism marketing strategies at the Patuha Geothermal Destination in Bandung Regency. The Patuha Geothermal Destination in Bandung Regency has become one of the geothermal tourism areas that has great potential, so this research is expected to contribute to the development of sustainable tourism. Methodology: The analytical method used is quantitative data analysis method and case studies using two well-known strategic analysis frameworks, namely SWOT Analys

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42

Thilmany, Jean. "Tying Two Forces." Mechanical Engineering 129, no. 05 (2007): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2007-may-2.

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This article focuses on software upgrades that have made analyzing for fluid and structural interaction easier and more common than in the past but not much quicker. So common is fluid-structure analysis today that many finite element analysis packages offer ways for an engineer to model both the structural and fluid forces that affect a design. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis lets mechanical engineers study how fluid flow around or through a part or assembly can affect performance. To make sure the fan effectively cools electronic parts, the engineer must look at how fan design aff

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43

Munro, Alison, Jean Marcus, Katie Dolling, John Robinson, and Jennifer Wahl. "Combining forces." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 17, no. 6 (2016): 812–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-04-2015-0082.

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Purpose This paper describes the sustainability partnership between the City of Vancouver and the University of British Columbia (UBC) and, in particular, the co-curricular Greenest City Scholars graduate student internship program, which has been developed by the two organizations. Through the program, UBC graduate students work on projects at the City that help to advance sustainability targets. The paper aims to explore the successes, challenges and lessons learned from the program. Design/methodology/approach This case study uses literature and document review, observations, program partic

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44

Annisa Salsabila and Ribhan Ribhan. "Porter’s Five Forces and Competitive Advantage : A Study on Banana Chips MSMEs in Bandar Lampung." Green Inflation: International Journal of Management and Strategic Business Leadership 2, no. 1 (2025): 115–26. https://doi.org/10.61132/greeninflation.v2i1.204.

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Porter’s Five Forces, which include Supplier Bargaining Power, Threat of New Entrants, Intensity of Competitive Rivalry, and Buyer Bargaining Power, are crucial factors that companies must consider, as they can have a significant and negative impact on business operations. This approach enables companies to understand and map their strategic position within the industry. By analyzing these forces, MSMEs can identify external factors that either hinder or support their competitiveness. This study employs a quantitative descriptive research method using a survey in the form of a questionnaire. T

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45

Kitada, Toshio, Yasuharu Kunii, and Hideki Hashimoto. "20 DOF Five Fingered Glove Type Haptic Interface - Sensor Glove II -." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 9, no. 3 (1997): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1997.p0171.

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In this paper, a new haptic human interface device to communicate with a virtual world, which we named Sensor Glove II (SGII), is presented. SGII, which is drawn on the human hand, corresponds to the dexterous manipulation of human fingers and acquires angles and torque of each joint. SGII adds the reaction forces of a virtual object to the fingers. The forces are calculated in the Dynamic Force Simulator we have developed. We outline the design, characteristics and structure of SGII, and display preliminary experimental result to verify the stability and performance of SGII.

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46

Raimundo, Ricardo, and Nuno Domingues. "The Model of the Five Competitive Forces on Portuguese Electricity Market." Modern Economy 12, no. 01 (2021): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2021.121007.

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47

Hintoro, Septian, and Agustinus Fritz Wijaya. "ANALISIS STRATEGI BERSAING PADA BIZNET BRANCH SALATIGA MENGGUNAKAN PORTER’S FIVE FORCES." Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi 2, no. 6 (2021): 729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/jemsi.v2i6.613.

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Strategi bersaing telah menjadi peranan penting bagi perusahaan dalam meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif. Hal ini diperlukan untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan nilai perusahaan dalam industri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif Biznet Branch Salatiga dalam bersaing pada industri penyedia layanan internet. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, peneliti menggunakan metode Porter’s Five Forces. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis berdasarkan McFarlan Strategic Grid untuk mengelompokkan SI/TI yang telah diterapkan dan yang akan direncanakan kedepan. Hasil dari penel

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48

Abinsay, Marivic. "Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of the Organic Farming in Laguna Province." International Journal of Academe and Industry Research 1, no. 2 (2020): 20–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53378/345652.

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49

Irfan, Muhammad, Zhen-yu Zhao, Munir Ahmad, Kiran Batool, Ali Jan, and Marie Claire Mukeshimana. "Competitive assessment of Indian wind power industry: A five forces model." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 11, no. 6 (2019): 063301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5116237.

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KAPILASHRAMI, MC, RS VIRK, and K. CHATTERJEE. "NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE UNDER FIVE CHILDREN OF ARMED FORCES PERSONNEL." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 55, no. 4 (1999): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30352-0.

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