Academic literature on the topic 'The problem of making decisions'

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Journal articles on the topic "The problem of making decisions"

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Murtafiah, Wasilatul, Nurcholif Diah Sri Lestari, Faridah Hanim Yahya, Davi Apriandi, and Edy Suprapto. "HOW DO STUDENTS' DECISION-MAKING ABILITY IN SOLVING OPEN-ENDED PROBLEMS?" Infinity Journal 12, no. 1 (2023): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v12i1.p133-150.

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An open-ended problem in learning mathematics is a problem with more than one answer or method of solving. In solving open-ended problems in learning mathematics, one of the abilities students must use is decision-making ability. Each student has a variety of capacities, so this study aims to determine students' decision-making abilities in solving open-ended problems in learning mathematics. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were four students with different numbers of correct answers in working on open-ended problems. Data collection wa
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Hoffmann-Rehnitz, Philip, André Krischer, and Matthias Pohlig. "Entscheiden als Problem der Geschichtswissenschaft." Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung 45, no. 2 (2018): 217–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/zhf.45.2.217.

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Decision-Making and History From antiquity on, decisions have been a central topic of historiography. On a conceptual level, historians have rarely thought about the questions what a decision is, how decisions are made, and if deciding has a history. Instead, the terms have been used in amore or less every day manner. After shortly presenting how decisions and decision making have been understood and discussed in historiography, we attempt to identify deciding as a specific type of social action. Deciding is orientated towards producing a decision. As trite as that sounds, it emerges that an e
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Badarovska Mishevska, Marina. "MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING – RANKING AND PROMOTING EMPLOYEES." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, no. 5 (2019): 1235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31051235b.

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The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. The method was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s and has been extensively studied and refined since then. It has particular application in group decision making and is used around the world in a wide variety of decision situation. Rather than prescribing a "correct" decision, the AHP helps decision makers choose one that best suits their goal and their understanding of the problem. The technique provides a comprehensive and rational framewo
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Bernacer, Javier, Gloria Balderas, Ivan Martinez-Valbuena, Maria A. Pastor, and Jose Ignacio Murillo. "The problem of consciousness in habitual decision making." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 1 (2014): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13000642.

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AbstractNewell & Shanks (N&S) carry out an extremely sharp and static distinction between conscious and unconscious decisions, ignoring a process that dynamically transfers decisions and actions between the conscious and unconscious domains of the mind: habitual decision making. We propose a new categorisation and discuss the main characteristics of this process from a philosophical and neuroscientific perspective.
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Moroni, Stefano, and Daniele Chiffi. "Uncertainty and Planning: Cities, Technologies and Public Decision-Making." Perspectives on Science 30, no. 2 (2022): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00413.

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Abstract Decision-making under uncertainty is sometimes investigated as a homogeneous problem, independently of the type of decision-maker and the level and nature of the decision itself. However, when the decision-maker is a public authority, there immediately arise problems additional to those that concern any other (private) decision-maker. This is not always clearly recognised in orthodox discussions on decisions under conditions of uncertainty. This article investigates the methodological, strategic and procedural challenges of taking public decisions in such conditions. It focuses mainly
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Muhamediyeva, Dilnoz, and Erbol Rustamov. "FORMAL STATEMENT OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROBLEM." InterConf, no. 14(113) (June 20, 2022): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.06.2022.048.

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One of the applied problems of decision making under conditions of uncertainty, called problems of making semi-structured decisions, is considered. The essence of this problem is to choose the most appropriate option from a given set of options under different initial conditions. The initial conditions are non-quantitative, incomplete, linguistic in nature, which in the aggregate is usually called fuzzy initial information and is presented in the form of logically interconnected linguistic expressions.
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Bang, Dan, and Chris D. Frith. "Making better decisions in groups." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 8 (2017): 170193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170193.

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We review the literature to identify common problems of decision-making in individuals and groups. We are guided by a Bayesian framework to explain the interplay between past experience and new evidence, and the problem of exploring the space of hypotheses about all the possible states that the world could be in and all the possible actions that one could take. There are strong biases, hidden from awareness, that enter into these psychological processes. While biases increase the efficiency of information processing, they often do not lead to the most appropriate action. We highlight the advan
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Krupa, Tadeusz, and Teresa Ostrowska. "Hierarchical Decision-Making Problems – Modeling and Solutions." Foundations of Management 8, no. 1 (2016): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fman-2016-0024.

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Abstract Article illustrates the state of the work conducted at the Faculty of Management Warsaw University of Technology on the issue of modeling hierarchical decision-making problems in the context of administrative and infrastructural conditions of the various forms of public safety. The aim is to develop a universal methodology of conduct for the management needs of the public administration, whose powers are focused on maintaining the continuity of the critical infrastructure of the State. The key issues covered by the article are: modeling of hierarchical issues and decision-making proce
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Kenina, Diana, Olga Babkina, Dmitriy Zaporozhets, and Olga Zvyagintseva. "DECISION-MAKING IN INNOVATION MANAGEMENT." Research of Economic and Financial Problems, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31279/2782-6414-2021-1-10-1-9.

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Introduction. One of the important problems of both the head of a modern company and subordinates is the ability to make the right decisions, because the future of the company depends on the chosen options of actions. Erroneous actions can not only hinder the development of the company, but also contribute to its closure. It is worth highlighting the decisions that are made in the field of innovation and innovation activity of enterprises and organizations. Goals. Research of the decision-making process in innovation management, identification of its main trends in the territory of the Russian
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Bgashev, M. "Category "problem" in the process of making managerial decisions." Bulletin of Science and Practice 4, no. 2 (2018): 259–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1173266.

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This paper examines the challenges in the process of decision-making are determined by the difference of problem difficulties, stresses the importance of identifying symptoms of problems, their clear identification and prioritization. Definition of the problem is the most important stage in decision-making. In practice, many managers give this stage a very little time and are confusing problems with the difficulties, are late in identifying the causes of problems that lead to adoption is obviously not effective solutions. Therefore, it is concluded that the efforts of the managers will not bri
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The problem of making decisions"

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Tavian, Fabiana <1995&gt. "Decision making problems: A comparison of AHP, Secretary Problem and other decision making techniques." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16058.

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In my final thesis I will introduce you the decision making theories and what is behind the act of taking a decision. As we know, decision-making problems constitute a vast field that includes: cognitive and personal biases, decision processes, and information about states of nature. All of them influence in a certain way the method used to take a decision or choose one alternative in respect to another one. Analysed that, I will explain theoretically what the Analytic Hierarchy Process consists of, how it works, and when the process is considered to be valid or invalid: the inconsistency in
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Yen, Peng-Fang. "Some problems in Bayesian group decisions." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845934.

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One employs the mathematical analysis of decision making when the state of nature is uncertain but further information about it can be obtained by experimentation. Bayesian Decision Theory concerns practical problems of decision making under conditions of uncertainty and also requires the use of statistical and mathematical methods.In this thesis, some basic risk sharing and group decision concepts are provided. Risk is the expected value of the Loss Function of Bayesian Estimators. Group decisions consider situations in which the individuals need to agree both on utilities for consequences an
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Tonelli, Marcello. "Unstructured strategic decision-making processes : CRE decision-making in the Italian consulting industry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30408/1/Marcello_Tonelli_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis aims at developing a better understanding of unstructured strategic decision making processes and the conditions for achieving successful decision outcomes. Specifically it focuses on the processes used to make CRE (Corporate Real Estate) decisions. The starting point for this thesis is that our knowledge of such processes is incomplete. A comprehensive study of the most recent CRE literature together with Behavioural Organization Theory has provided a research framework for the exploration of CRE recommended =best practice‘, and of how organizational variables impact on and shape
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Lange, Rutger-Jan. "Brownian motion and multidimensional decision making." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243402.

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This thesis consists of three self-contained parts, each with its own abstract, body, references and page numbering. Part I, 'Potential theory, path integrals and the Laplacian of the indicator', finds the transition density of absorbed or reflected Brownian motion in a d-dimensional domain as a Feynman-Kac functional involving the Laplacian of the indicator, thereby relating the hitherto unrelated fields of classical potential theory and path integrals. Part II, 'The problem of alternatives', considers parallel investment in alternative technologies or drugs developed over time, where there c
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DUCI, Stefano. "Early design Decision-making and Problem solving." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/63590.

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Kraetschmer, Nancy. "Preferences of patients undergoing angiogram for participation in treatment decisions, coping style and the Problem Solving-Decision Making Scale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1994. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ51539.pdf.

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Winfield, Catherine V. "Clinical decision making in district nursing." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2830/.

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The two studies described here address the question of how District Nurses determine patients' nursing problems and plan care. The theoretical framework for the investigation is derived from Information Processing Theory. A process tracing methodology was used to capture the content of District Nurses' thinking during an assessment visit to a newly referred patient. Data was collected in the natural setting to ensure ecological validity. The assessment visits were tape recorded and immediately following the visit a stimulated recall session was conducted in which the nurse was asked to describ
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Litwin, Ari. "Human Spaceflight Decision-Making as a Potential Well Problem." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5403.

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This study investigates funding within the US human spaceflight program in the time-period from 2004 to 2012. The approach taken employed the “potential well” model from physical science. The potential well model constrains any physical body trapped within it, and similarly a political “funding well” will constrain all programmatic decision-making. Two potential well models are employed, one represents classical physics while the other represents quantum physics. Since each model results in motion with certain properties, it can be seen if funding decisions also exhibit similar properties.
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Juszczuk, Agnieszka Beata, and Evgeniya Tkacheva. "Revision Moment for the Retail Decision-Making System." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-6191.

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In this work we address to the problems of the loan origination decision-making systems. In accordance with the basic principles of the loan origination process we considered the main rules of a clients parameters estimation, a change-point problem for the given data and a disorder moment detection problem for the real-time observations. In the first part of the work the main principles of the parameters estimation are given. Also the change-point problem is considered for the given sample in the discrete and continuous time with using the Maximum likelihood method. In the second part of the w
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Snellenburg, Sidney C. "Problem solving and The Idea Machine." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08062007-094359/.

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Books on the topic "The problem of making decisions"

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Klein, Gary A. Making decisions in natural environments. Research and Advanced Concepts Office, U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1997.

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Robert, Heller. Making Decisions. Dorling Kindersley UK, 2010.

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Mumford, Enid. Dangerous decisions: Problem solving in tomorrow's world. Kluwer Academic, 1999.

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Burstein, John. What should I do?: Making good decisions. Crabtree Pub. Co., 2009.

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Kros, John F. Spreadsheet modeling for business decisions. 2nd ed. Kendall Hunt, 2009.

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1950-, Manville Brook, ed. Judgment calls: Twelve stories of big decisions and the teams that got them. Harvard Business Review Press, 2012.

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Zita, Glasgow, and Seels Barbara, eds. Making instructional design decisions. 2nd ed. Merrill, 1998.

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(Firm), Insight Media, ed. Critical thinking: Analyzing problems and decisions. Insight Media, 2008.

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Lloyd, Chris J. Data driven business decisions. Wiley, 2011.

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Adair, John. Decision making and problem solving. Institute of Personnel and Development, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "The problem of making decisions"

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Sproull, Bob. "Decisions, Decisions, Decisions." In The Problem-Solving, Problem-Prevention, and Decision-Making Guide. Productivity Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351116268-24.

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Rae, Tina, Nisha Nakarja, and Patricia Velinor. "Making Good Decisions." In Emotional Resilience and Problem Solving for Young People. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003416456-12.

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Korhonen, Pekka J., and Jyrki Wallenius. "Solving Design Problems." In Making Better Decisions. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49459-9_11.

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Korhonen, Pekka J., and Jyrki Wallenius. "Real-World Problems." In Making Better Decisions. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49459-9_15.

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Emerson, Peter. "The Problem." In Democratic Decision-making. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52808-9_1.

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Eisenführ, Franz, Martin Weber, and Thomas Langer. "Structuring the decision problem." In Rational Decision Making. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02851-9_2.

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Grünig, Rudolf, and Richard Kühn. "Problem Verification and Analysis." In Successful Decision-Making. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32307-2_7.

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Niven, Neil, and Jill Robinson. "Making decisions and solving problems." In The psychology of nursing care. Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23703-6_7.

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Oldcorn, Roger. "Making Decisions and Solving Problems." In Management. Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19926-6_12.

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Oldcorn, Roger. "Making Decisions and Solving Problems." In Management. Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13195-2_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "The problem of making decisions"

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Pajak, Emma, Abdullah Bahamdan, Klaus Hellgardt, and Antonio�del R�o-Chanona. "Multi-Agent LLMs for Automating Sustainable Operational Decision-Making." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.156776.

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Operational decision-making in Process Systems Engineering (PSE) has achieved high proficiency at specific levels, such as supply chain optimization and unit-operation optimization. However, a critical challenge remains: integrating these layers of optimization into a cohesive, hierarchical decision-making framework that enables sustainable and automated operations. Addressing this challenge requires systems capable of coordinating multi-level decisions while maintaining interpretability and adaptability. Multi-agent frameworks based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significan
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null. "Making decisions together: co-operative problems solving - is it really good to talk?" In IEE Colloquium on Decision Making and Problem Solving. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19971223.

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Gvelesiani, Revaz, and Irine Gogorishvili. "Making decisions in economic policy reflecting expected global changes." In V National Scientific Conference. Grigol Robakidze University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55896/978-9941-8-5764-5/2023-69-76.

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The preparation of informed decisions in economic policy depends on: • to what extent the possibilities of action and its consequences are provided empirically, i.e. how rational is the available and acceptable knowledge about management; and • To what extent the problem of making a decision lends itself to an analytical explanation (depending on the logic of the decision). As a rule, knowledge of managerial practice is the more limited the less the recommended actions take into account or refrain from previous work (ie, the more they are removed from theoretical economic experience). Analytic
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Herrmann, Jeffrey W. "Decision Making in Course Design." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59047.

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Decision making is an important feature of design. Although engineering design refers to the design of products and technical systems, design activities occur in many other professions, including education. As education moves from teaching to learning, engineering faculty are becoming course designers who make many decisions when designing a course. Although many course design processes have been described, previous work has not considered course design as an interrelated set of decisions. To plan a course, a designer must make decisions. The course designer must select following elements: the
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Currie, Christine S. M. "Making Decisions With Simulation." In 37th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2023-0015.

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Simulation models enable experimentation with different system settings and designs. This can be done much more quickly and cheaply than experimenting in real-life, and experimentation and optimisation of simulation models has been common practice for several decades. What has changed in recent years is the increased prominence of the idea of a digital twin. While the term digital twin has a variety of definitions dependent on the research area, within our community it gives the promise of using simulation for operational decision-making, returning recommendations within minutes. This leads in
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Arendt, Jonathan L., Daniel A. McAdams, and Richard J. Malak. "Technology Evolution Modeling and Decision Making Under Uncertainty." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70746.

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Design is an uncertain human activity involving decisions with uncertain outcomes. Sources of uncertainty in product design include uncertainty in modeling methods, market preferences, and performance levels of subsystem technologies, among many others. The performance of a technology evolves over time, typically exhibiting improving performance. As the performance of a technology in the future is uncertain, quantifying the evolution of these technologies poses a challenge in making long-term design decisions. Here, we focus on how to make decisions using formal models of technology evolution.
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Hassanien, Sherif, Doug Langer, and Mona Abdolrazaghi. "Integrity Risk-Informed Decision Making." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78149.

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Over the last three decades, safety-critical industries (e.g. Nuclear, Aviation) have witnessed an evolution from risk-based to risk-informed safety management approaches, in which quantitative risk assessment is only one component of the decision making process. While the oil and gas pipeline industry has recently made several advancements towards safety management processes, their safety performance may still be seen to fall below the expected level achieved by other safety-critical industries. The intent of this paper is to focus on the safety decision making process within pipeline integri
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Lipicnik, Bogdan. "Knowledge and Decision Making - Do We Want What We Need?" In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2525.

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Knowledge is a category that includes many past decisions. They could be good for the past but it is a question if they can work in the future. We can talk about programmed and non-programmed decisions. When a predetermined situation triggers a predetermined response we can talk about a programmed decision. If one wants to make a non-programmed decision he/she must search for information, identify the problem, evaluate possible alternatives, and act. If the process is more complicated, programmed decision will be more effective. Our research has revealed that future managers in Slovenia posses
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Sui, Yanan, and Joel W. Burdick. "Correlational Dueling Bandits with Application to Clinical Treatment in Large Decision Spaces." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/389.

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We consider sequential decision making under uncertainty, the optimization over large decision space with noisy comparative feedback. This problem can be formulated as a K-armed Dueling Bandits problem where K is the total number of decisions. When K is very large, existing dueling bandits algorithms suffer huge cumulative regret before converging on the optimal arm. This paper studies the dueling bandits problem with a large number of dependent arms. Our problem is motivated by a clinical decision making process in large decision space. We propose an efficient algorithm CorrDuel for the probl
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Shmatkova, Nаtalia, and Maryna Karminska-Bielobrova. "Management decision-making under risk and uncertainty." In Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.21.

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The article deals with the problems of making managerial decisions, which are the result of the creative mental activity of the subject of management, associated with the identification of the problem, analysis and assessment of the situation, forecasting development trends, socio-economic justification and choice of behavioral alternatives and action programs of the socio-economic system to solve the problem that has arisen. or achieving goals. Modern organizations are distinguished from organizations of the old type by the presence of a significantly larger number of large and gigantic organ
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Reports on the topic "The problem of making decisions"

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Fischer, Ute M. Methods for Analyzing Group Problem Solving Decision Making. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada312002.

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Unal, Beyza, Julia Cournoyer, Calum Inverarity, and Yasmin Afina. Uncertainty and complexity in nuclear decision-making. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135157.

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Complex systems modelling is already implemented in critical policy areas such as climate change and health. It could also play an important role in the nuclear weapons sphere – by opening alternative pathways that may help mitigate risks of confrontation and escalation – but such modelling has yet to be fully embraced by policymakers in this community. By applying a complexity lens, policy- and decision-makers at all stages along the nuclear chain of command might better understand how their actions could have significant consequences for international security and peace. Nuclear decision-mak
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Moiseeva, T. V., and N. YU Polyaeva. Decision-making support of actors in problem situations solving. OFERNIO, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.2021.24770.

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Rojas Méndez, Ana María, and Carlos Scartascini. Debiasing Policymakers: The Role of Behavioral Economics Training. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012888.

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Behavioral biases often lead to suboptimal decisions, a vulnerability that extends to policymakers who operate under conditions of fatigue, stress, and time constraints and with significant implications for public welfare. While behavioral economics offers strategies like default adjustments to mitigate decision-making costs, deploying these policy interventions is not always feasible. Thus, enhancing the quality of policy decision-making is crucial, and evidence suggests that targeted training can boost job performance among policymakers. This study evaluates the impact of a behavioral traini
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Ruvinsky, Alicia, Timothy Garton, Daniel Chausse, Rajeev Agrawal, Harland Yu, and Ernest Miller. Accelerating the tactical decision process with High-Performance Computing (HPC) on the edge : motivation, framework, and use cases. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42169.

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Managing the ever-growing volume and velocity of data across the battlefield is a critical problem for warfighters. Solving this problem will require a fundamental change in how battlefield analyses are performed. A new approach to making decisions on the battlefield will eliminate data transport delays by moving the analytical capabilities closer to data sources. Decision cycles depend on the speed at which data can be captured and converted to actionable information for decision making. Real-time situational awareness is achieved by locating computational assets at the tactical edge. Acceler
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Cooney, Sean M. Re-introducing Conceptual and Detailed Planning: Differentiating Between Decision Making and Problem Identification. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566713.

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Peterson, Gary, Debra Osborn, Emily Bullock-Yowell, and Seth Hayden. Advances in the Foundations of a Theory of Career Problem Solving and Decision Making. Florida State University Libraries, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsu.1729687742.

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The Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) theory of career problem-solving and decision-making, introduced over 30 years ago (Peterson et al., 1991), builds on the foundational work of Parsons (1909) and Janis and Mann (1977), as well as cognitive information processing theories from Hunt (1971) and Sternberg (1980). To maintain consistency and to prevent theoretical drift, the original authors have made minimal changes to the core concepts throughout the years (see Sampson et al., 2023). However, we believe that for theories to remain valid and viable, it is essential to embrace changing emp
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Hummel, John E., and Brian H. Ross. Adaptive Problem Solving and Decision Making in Complex and Changing Environments: The Role of Understanding and Explanation. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567233.

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Dopfer, Jaqui. Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung bei diskursiven Konfliktlösungsverfahren auf regionaler Ebene. Potentielle Ansätze zur Nutzung von Risikokommunikation im Rahmen von e-Government. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.3933795605.

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Whereas at the end of the 20th century there were still high expectations associated with the use of new media in terms of a democratisation of social discourse and new potential for citizens to participate in political decision-making, disillusionment is now spreading. Even today, the internet is often seen only as a technical tool for the transmission of information and communication, which serves as a structural supplement to "real" discourse and decision-making processes. In fact, however, the use of new media can open up additional, previously non-existent possibilities for well-founded a
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Fleming, R. A., and J. L. Kaiwi. The Problem of Unshared Information in Group Decision-Making: A Summary of Research and the Implications for Command and Control. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409792.

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