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Journal articles on the topic 'Theacrine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 October 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yani, Tan, Lin Junming, Zhang Zhen, He Rongrong, and Li Sha. "Studies on Sustained Release Tablets of Theacrine with Erodible Matrix Material." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences 11, no. 03 (2021): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4818212.

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<strong>Background </strong>Theacrine is a purine alkaloid with sedative, hypnotic and liver protection effects, which was investigated in treatment of insomnia, liver damage and hepatic steatosis. These are generally chronic diseases needing long-term medication. Sustained release preparations have good effect and compliance in prolonged treatment. <strong>Aim</strong> This study aimed to develop theacrine sustained release tablets using wax matrix material with simple preparing process. Methods: The content assay method of theacrine was developed using UV-visible spectrophotometry, and the m

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Chen, Xiaomin, Shuxian Shao, Ruxing Yang, et al. "Identification of Co-Expressed Genes Related to Theacrine Synthesis in Tea Flowers at Different Developmental Stages." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (2021): 13394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413394.

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Jiaocheng kucha is the first reported tea germplasm resource which contains theacrine founded in Fujian Province. Currently, the anabolic mechanism of theacrine within tea leaves is clear, but there are few studies focused on its flowers. In order to further explore the mechanism of theacrine synthesis and related genes in flowers, current study applied Jiaocheng kucha flowers (JC) as test materials and Fuding Dabaicha flowers (FD) as control materials to make transcriptome sequencing, and determination of purine alkaloid content in three different developmental periods (flower bud stage, whit

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Vieira-Cavalcante, Victor, Julio Cezar Schamne, Felippi Gonçalves, et al. "Different doses of theacrine do not improve 4 km cycling time trial performance." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 50 (January 1, 2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0442.

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The aim of the present study was to test the effects of different doses of anhydrous theacrine (3 and 6 mg·kg−1 of body mass) on 4 km cycling time trial performance. Nineteen (11 men and 8 women) cyclists (30.8 ± 10.0 years, 71.7 ± 11.8 kg, 170.1 ± 9.0 cm, and 17.0 ± 6.2% of body fat) completed three 4 km cycling time trials after ingesting either placebo, or 3 or 6 mg·kg−1 of body mass of theacrine. No significant differences ( p < 0.05) were observed in time to cover the 4 km cycling time trial between the placebo, 3 mg·kg−1 of theacrine, and 6 mg·kg−1 of theacrine conditions. However, th

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Yang, Maoxian, Peng Shen, Longsheng Xu, Min Kong, Congcong Yu, and Yunchao Shi. "Theacrine alleviates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by repressing the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 inflammasome." PeerJ 10 (October 4, 2022): e14109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14109.

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious complication of sepsis, which results in a rapid decline of kidney function. Currently, there are no curative therapies for AKI. Theacrine is a purine alkaloid and exerts significant role in regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and mood elevation. The study aims to evaluate the biological role and potential mechanism of theacrine in septic AKI. The murine and cellular models of septic AKI were established in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice and HK-2 cells, respectively. The effect of theacrine on alleviating septic AKI was

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Jhuo, Cian-Fen, Yu-Yu Hsu, Wen-Ying Chen, and Jason T. C. Tzen. "Attenuation of Tumor Development in Mammary Carcinoma Rats by Theacrine, an Antagonist of Adenosine 2A Receptor." Molecules 26, no. 24 (2021): 7455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247455.

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Caffeine has been reported to induce anti-tumor immunity for attenuating breast cancer by blocking the adenosine 2A receptor. Molecular modeling showed that theacrine, a purine alkaloid structurally similar to caffeine, might be an antagonist of the adenosine 2A receptor equivalent to or more effective than caffeine. Theacrine was further demonstrated to be an effective antagonist of the adenosine 2A receptor as its concurrent supplementation significantly reduced the elevation of AMPK phosphorylation level in MCF-7 human breast cells induced by CGS21680, an agonist of adenosine 2A receptors.

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Cerqueira, H. Santa Capita, H. Tourinho Filho, M. Corrêa, and C. E. Martinelli. "Theacrine does not enhance physical performance or training status over 8 weeks." Comparative Exercise Physiology 18, no. 2 (2022): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep210034.

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Fatigue is a condition that may affect physical performance during training sessions. Consequently, this will impact training performance and will also affect the performance of the individual in the long term. Caffeine is extensively used to counteract fatigue; however, it contains several side effects. Theacrine might be used as an alternative to caffeine, providing the same benefits without the side effects. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of supplementation with theacrine on physical performance and training status of young amateur athletes. Twenty-two subject

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7

Song, Qitai, Yao Liu, and Ye Tian. "Theacrine alleviates inflammation and lung injury in septic mice by mediating SIRT3." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 22, no. 11 (2024): 2259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i11.3.

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Purpose: To evaluate the effect of theacrine on sepsis progression and sepsis-induced lung injury and its mechanism of action. Methods: Lung injury model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis was made in the mice by injected with 3 mg/kg LPS dissolved in 50 μL PBS or only PBS (control group = 10). The remaining three groups (divided into ten mice per group) were administered theacrine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), by oral gavage 1 hour after LPS treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to confirm the effect of theacrine on lung injury. Quantitative polymerase chai

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8

Mumford, Petey W., Shelby C. Osburn, Carlton D. Fox, Joshua S. Godwin, and Michael D. Roberts. "A Theacrine-Based Supplement Increases Cellular NAD+ Levels and Affects Biomarkers Related to Sirtuin Activity in C2C12 Muscle Cells In Vitro." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (2020): 3727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123727.

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There is evidence in rodents to suggest that theacrine-based supplements modulate tissue sirtuin activity as well as other biological processes associated with aging. Herein, we examined if a theacrine-based supplement (termed NAD3) altered sirtuin activity in vitro while also affecting markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. The murine C2C12 myoblast cell line was used for experimentation. Following 7 days of differentiation, myotubes were treated with 0.45 mg/mL of NAD3 (containing ~2 mM theacrine) for 3 and 24 h (n = 6 treatment wells per time point). Relative to control (CTL)-treated cells, N

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9

Roberts, Michael D., Shelby C. Osburn, Joshua S. Godwin, et al. "Enhance Trial: Effects of NAD3® on Hallmarks of Aging and Clinical Endpoints of Health in Middle Aged Adults: A Subset Analysis Focused on Blood Cell NAD+ Concentrations and Lipid Metabolism." Physiologia 2, no. 1 (2022): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physiologia2010002.

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Limited pre-clinical and clinical data suggest theacrine or theacrine-based supplements modulate biological processes associated with lipid metabolism and aging. Herein, we sought to examine if 12 weeks of daily supplementation with a theacrine-based supplement (termed NAD3®; 312 mg of combined Wasabia japonica freeze-dried rhizome standardized for isothicyantes, theacrine, and copper (I)niacin chelate) altered serum lipids as well as select nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-associated metabolites in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Twenty-eight participants (12 males, 16 fem

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10

Cerqueira, Henrique Santa Capita, Hugo Tourinho Filho, Marcos Corrêa Junior, and Carlos Eduardo Martinelli Junior. "Effects of Theacrine as a Pre-Workout Supplement." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (2022): 14037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114037.

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The search to increase physical performance is inherent to physical activity practitioners, and nutrition features are among the alternatives to seeking such an increase. The literature from the area has shown that different substances can promote beneficial effects over physical performance. One substance that has come into the spotlight is theacrine, an alkaloid similar to caffeine, which aims to increase physical performance. However, the studies on this supplement are scarce. Therefore, this study is a randomized, controlled trial that aimed to verify the effects of theacrine supplementati

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11

Kato, Misako, and Hiroshi Ashihara. "Biosynthesis and Catabolism of Purine Alkaloids in Camellia Plants." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 9 (2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300907.

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A few Camellia plants accumulate caffeine, theobromine and theacrine. The present article reviews the distribution of purine alkaloids and biosynthetic pathways, including properties and genes of the caffeine synthase family of enzymes, and catabolism. Plant physiological studies and ecology-related studies are also summarized briefly.

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12

Shi, Yu, Shao-Rong Zhang, Kang Sun, et al. "Characterization of bitter taste theacrine in Pu-erh tea." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 106 (March 2022): 104331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104331.

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13

Clewell, Amy, Gábor Hirka, Róbert Glávits, et al. "A 90-Day Oral Toxicological Evaluation of the Methylurate Purine Alkaloid Theacrine." Journal of Toxicology 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6206859.

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A 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicological evaluation was conducted according to GLP and OECD guidelines on the methylurate purine alkaloid theacrine, which is found naturally in certain plants. Four groups of Hsd.Brl.Han Wistar rats (ten/sex/group) were administered theacrine by gavage doses of 0 (vehicle only), 180, 300, and 375 mg/kg bw/day. Two females and one male in the 300 and 375 mg/kg bw/day groups, respectively, died during the study. Histological examination revealed centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis as the probable cause of death. In 375 mg/kg bw/day males, slight reductions in

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14

Lin, Pei-Yi, Cian-Fen Jhuo, Nan-Hei Lin, Wen-Ying Chen, and Jason T. C. Tzen. "Assessing Antipsoriatic Effects of Bitter Pu’er Tea and Its Three Major Compounds, Strictinin, Theacrine and Epigallocatechin Gallate, in Imiquimod-Treated Mice." Compounds 2, no. 4 (2022): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/compounds2040024.

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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes in association with the elevation of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-23 levels. In an animal model, psoriasis-like dermatitis was induced on the shaved dorsal skin of BALB/c mice by topical application of imiquimod (IMQ), a synthetic ligand of Toll-like receptor 7. Administration of bitter Pu’er tea significantly reduced psoriasis-like dermatitis in IMQ-treated mice, including a reduction in dorsal skin lesions, splenomegaly and the mRNA expression levels of IL-17A and IL-23.

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15

Wang, Yuanyuan, Xiaorong Yang, Xinqiang Zheng, Jing Li, Chuangxing Ye, and Xiaohong Song. "Theacrine, a purine alkaloid with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities." Fitoterapia 81, no. 6 (2010): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.03.008.

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16

Wang, Guo-En, Yi-Fang Li, Yu-Jia Zhai, et al. "Theacrine protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating acylcarnitine metabolism." Metabolism 85 (August 2018): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2018.04.011.

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17

Tu, Erh-Chuang, Wei-Li Hsu, and Jason T. C. Tzen. "Strictinin, a Major Ingredient in Yunnan Kucha Tea Possessing Inhibitory Activity on the Infection of Mouse Hepatitis Virus to Mouse L Cells." Molecules 28, no. 3 (2023): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031080.

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Theacrine and strictinin of Yunnan Kucha tea prepared from a mutant variety of wild Pu’er tea plants were two major ingredients responsible for the anti-influenza activity. As the COVID-19 outbreak is still lurking, developing safe and cost-effective therapeutics is an urgent need. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these tea compounds on the infection of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a β-coronavirus serving as a surrogate for SARS-CoV. Treatment with strictinin (100 μM), but not theacrine, completely eliminated MHV infection, as indicated by a pronounced reduction in plaque formation,

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18

Ashburn, Bradley O., Diana J. Le, and Corin K. Nishimura. "Computational Analysis of Theacrine, a Purported Nootropic and Energy-Enhancing Nutritional Supplement." Computational Chemistry 07, no. 01 (2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cc.2019.71002.

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19

He, Hui, Dejian Ma, Laura Brooks Crone, et al. "Assessment of the Drug–Drug Interaction Potential Between Theacrine and Caffeine in Humans." Journal of Caffeine Research 7, no. 3 (2017): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2017.0006.

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20

Duan, Wen-Jun, Lei Liang, Ming-Hai Pan, et al. "Theacrine, a purine alkaloid from kucha, protects against Parkinson's disease through SIRT3 activation." Phytomedicine 77 (October 2020): 153281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153281.

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21

Ko, Jeong‐Hyeon, Min Hee Yang, Seung Ho Baek, Dongwoo Nam, Sang Hoon Jung, and Kwang Seok Ahn. "Theacrine attenuates epithelial mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells." Phytotherapy Research 33, no. 7 (2019): 1934–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6389.

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22

Li, Wei-Xi, Yi-Fang Li, Yu-Jia Zhai, Wei-Min Chen, Hiroshi Kurihara, and Rong-Rong He. "Theacrine, a Purine Alkaloid Obtained fromCamellia assamicavar.kucha, Attenuates Restraint Stress-Provoked Liver Damage in Mice." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61, no. 26 (2013): 6328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf400982c.

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23

Lin, Pei-Rong, Ping-Chung Kuo, Yue-Chiun Li, Cian-Fen Jhuo, Wei-Li Hsu, and Jason T. C. Tzen. "Theacrine and strictinin, two major ingredients for the anti-influenza activity of Yunnan Kucha tea." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 262 (November 2020): 113190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113190.

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24

Zheng, Xin-Qiang, Chuang-Xing Ye, Misako Kato, Alan Crozier, and Hiroshi Ashihara. "Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) synthesis in leaves of a Chinese tea, kucha (Camellia assamica var. kucha)." Phytochemistry 60, no. 2 (2002): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00086-9.

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25

Li, Zhuang, Jun He, Yue Zhang, et al. "Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using specific monoclonal antibodies against theacrine and its application." Chinese Chemical Letters 27, no. 12 (2016): 1771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.052.

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26

Feduccia, Allison A., Yuanyuan Wang, Jeffrey A. Simms, et al. "Locomotor activation by theacrine, a purine alkaloid structurally similar to caffeine: Involvement of adenosine and dopamine receptors." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 102, no. 2 (2012): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2012.04.014.

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27

Xu, JIE-KUN, HIROSHI Kurihara, LIANG Zhao, and XIN-SHENG Yao. "Theacrine, a special purine alkaloid with sedative and hypnotic properties from Cammelia assamica var. kucha in mice." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 9, no. 7 (2007): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020601103155.

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28

Qiao, Haoyi, Xiansheng Ye, Xiaoyu Bai, et al. "Theacrine: A purine alkaloid from Camellia assamica var. kucha with a hypnotic property via the adenosine system." Neuroscience Letters 659 (October 2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.063.

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29

Ouyang, Shu-Hua, Yu-Jia Zhai, Yan-Ping Wu, et al. "Theacrine, a Potent Antidepressant Purine Alkaloid from a Special Chinese Tea, Promotes Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Stressed Mice." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69, no. 25 (2021): 7016–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01514.

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30

Li, Hongjian, Kaixing Fang, Dandan Qin, et al. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Putative Genes Responsible for High Theacrine Content in Kucha (Camellia kucha (Chang et Wang) Chang)." Tropical Plant Biology 14, no. 1 (2021): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12042-020-09280-1.

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31

Zhang, Shao-Rong, Yu Shi, Jie-Lin Jiang, Li-Yong Luo, and Liang Zeng. "Discriminant Analysis of Pu-Erh Tea of Different Raw Materials Based on Phytochemicals Using Chemometrics." Foods 11, no. 5 (2022): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050680.

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Pu-erh tea processed from the sun-dried green tea leaves can be divided into ancient tea (AT) and terrace tea (TT) according to the source of raw material. However, their similar appearance makes AT present low market identification, resulting in a disruption in the tea market rules of fair trade. Therefore, this study analyzed the classification by principal component analysis/hierarchical clustering analysis and conducted the discriminant model through stepwise Fisher discriminant analysis and decision tree analysis based on the contents of water extract, phenolic components, alkaloid, and a

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32

Kuhman, Daniel, Keanan Joyner, and Richard Bloomer. "Cognitive Performance and Mood Following Ingestion of a Theacrine-Containing Dietary Supplement, Caffeine, or Placebo by Young Men and Women." Nutrients 7, no. 11 (2015): 9618–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7115484.

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Wang, Yan-Hong, Goutam Mondal, Matthew Butawan, Richard J. Bloomer, and Charles R. Yates. "Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for characterizing caffeine, methylliberine, and theacrine pharmacokinetics in humans." Journal of Chromatography B 1155 (October 2020): 122278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122278.

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Gao, Ming, Jun Zheng, Chao Zheng, Zhiyuan Huang та Qinwei Huang. "Theacrine alleviates chronic inflammation by enhancing TGF-β-mediated shifts via TGF-β/SMAD pathway in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant-induced rats". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 522, № 3 (2020): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.126.

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35

VanDusseldorp, Trisha A., Matthew T. Stratton, Alyssa R. Bailly, et al. "Safety of Short-Term Supplementation with Methylliberine (Dynamine®) Alone and in Combination with TeaCrine® in Young Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030654.

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Methylliberine (Dynamine®; DYM) and theacrine (Teacrine®; TCR) are purine alkaloids purported to have similar neuro-energetic effects as caffeine. There are no published human safety data on DYM, and research on TCR is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of four weeks of DYM supplementation with and without TCR on cardiovascular function and blood biomarkers. One-hundred twenty-five men and women (mean age 23.0 yrs, height 169.7 cm, body mass 72.1 kg; n = 25/group) were randomly assigned to one of five groups: low-dose DYM (100 mg), high-dose DYM (150 mg), low-dose DYM

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Roberts, Michael D., Michael B. La Monica, Betsy Raub, et al. "The Effects of a Multi-Ingredient Supplement Containing Wasabia Japonica Extract, Theacrine, and Copper (I) Niacin Chelate on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell DNA Methylation, Transcriptomics, and Sirtuin Activity." Physiologia 3, no. 2 (2023): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physiologia3020016.

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Herein, we determined if a multi-ingredient supplement (NAD3; 312 mg of combined Wasabia japonica extract, theacrine, and copper (I)niacin chelate) versus a placebo (CTL) affected peripheral blood mononuclear (PMBC) transcriptomic, DNA methylation, and sirtuin activity profiles in middle-aged adults after 12 weeks of supplementation. Several mRNAs demonstrated interactions (n = 148 at ±1.5-fold change, p < 0.01), and more stringent filtering indicated that 25 mRNAs were upregulated and 29 were downregulated in the NAD3 versus CTL group. Bioinformatics on these 64 mRNAs suggested that DNA co

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Cintineo, Harry P., Marissa L. Bello, Alexa J. Chandler, Thomas D. Cardaci, Bridget A. McFadden, and Shawn M. Arent. "Effects of caffeine, methylliberine, and theacrine on vigilance, marksmanship, and hemodynamic responses in tactical personnel: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 19, no. 1 (2022): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2113339.

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Li, Yi-Fang, Min Chen, Chen Wang, et al. "Theacrine, a purine alkaloid derived from Camellia assamica var. kucha , ameliorates impairments in learning and memory caused by restraint-induced central fatigue." Journal of Functional Foods 16 (June 2015): 472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.003.

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Ziegenfuss, Tim N., Scott M. Habowski, Jennifer E. Sandrock, A. William Kedia, Chad M. Kerksick, and Hector L. Lopez. "A Two-Part Approach to Examine the Effects of Theacrine (TeaCrine®) Supplementation on Oxygen Consumption, Hemodynamic Responses, and Subjective Measures of Cognitive and Psychometric Parameters." Journal of Dietary Supplements 14, no. 1 (2016): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2016.1178678.

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Yuan, Ying, Deborah D. Crane, R. Mark Simpson та ін. "The 16-kDa α-crystallin (Acr) protein ofMycobacterium tuberculosisis required for growth in macrophages". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, № 16 (1998): 9578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.16.9578.

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Although the 16-kDa α-crystallin homologue ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) is the dominant protein produced by stationary phase culturesin vitro, it is undetectable in logarithmically growing cultures. By growing bacilli at defined oxygen concentrations,acrtranscription was shown to be strongly induced by mildly hypoxic conditions. Acr expression also was found to be induced during the course ofin vitroinfection of macrophages. Theacrgene was replaced with a hygromycin resistance cassette by allelic exchange in MTB H37Rv. The resulting Δacr∷hptstrain was shown to be equivalent to wild-type H

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Dillon, Harris, and Machek Steven. "Theacrine as a Potential Caffeine Alternative for Enhanced Ergogenic and Cognitive Performance in Athletes: A Call to Action and Brief Review." Journal of Exercise and Nutrition 4, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.53520/jen2021.10397.

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Theacrine supplementation has begun recent investigation aimed to increase athletic performance. Although existing literature has examined theacrine’s potential to increase physical and cognitive performance via adenosine receptor inhibition alongside its promotion of overall health and slight cognitive enhancement. Therefore, theacrine ostensibly exists as a caffeine substitute for attenuating both physical and mental fatigue. This article aims to (a) demonstrate the structural/mechanistic similarities of caffeine & theacrine, (b) showcase their existing performance roles, and (c) establi

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Mondal, Goutam, Yan-Hong Wang, Ryan Yates, Richard Bloomer, and Matthew Butawan. "Caffeine and Methylliberine: A Human Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study." Journal of Exercise and Nutrition 5, no. 3 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.53520/jen2022.103124.

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Introduction: Methylliberine and theacrine are methylurates found in the leaves of various Coffea species and Camellia assamica var. kucha, respectively. We previously demonstrated that the methylxanthine caffeine increased theacrine’s oral bioavailability in humans. Methods: Consequently, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacokinetic study in humans administered methylliberine, theacrine, and caffeine to determine methylliberine’s pharmacokinetic interaction potential with either caffeine or theacrine. Subjects received an oral dose of either methylliberine, caffeine, methyl

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Li, Jin, Wenliang Yan, Hongshan Yuan, and Fang Ren. "Theacrine enhances autophagy and inhibits inflammation via regulating SIRT3/FOXO3a/Parkin pathway." International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 27, no. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1756-185x.15085.

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AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis, a common chronic inflammatory skin condition, impacts around 2%–3% of the global population. Theacrine is recognized for its potential anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the role of theacrine in psoriasis remains unclear.PurposesTo investigate the effects of theacrine on psoriasis and explore the underlying signaling pathways.MethodsFor imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced Psoriasis‐like mice, the psoriatic inflammation was monitored using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). The skin damage was observed using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The KI67 an

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Zhong, Hong, Yi Wang, Fu-Rong Qu, et al. "A novel TcS allele conferring the high-theacrine and low-caffeine traits and having potential use in tea plant breeding." Horticulture Research, August 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac191.

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Abstract Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) is a natural product with remarkable pharmacological activities such as antidepressant, sedative and hypnotic activities, while caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) has certain side effects to special populations. Hence, breeding tea plants with high theacrine and low caffeine will increase tea health benefits and promote consumption. In this study, we construct a F1 population by crossing “Zhongcha 302” (theacrine-free) and a tea germplasm “Ruyuan Kucha” (RY, theacrine-rich) to identify the causal gene for accumulating theacrine. The results sho

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He, Yong, Xinkai Zheng, Yunfeng Hu, Liehua Deng, Jin Xu, and Shi Wu. "Proteomics analysis to investigate the potential mechanism of theacrine against UV‐induced skin photodamage." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, August 29, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12908.

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AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of theacrine treatment of UV‐induced skin photodamage.Materials and MethodsTandem Mass Tag (TMT) relative quantitative proteomics analysis was used to characterize the proteins and pathways associated with the ability of theacrine to combat photodamage in mouse skin by modeling UV irradiation of the backs of ICR mice.ResultsApoptosis‐related proteins and signaling pathways play a key role in the ability of theacrine to protect against skin photodamage, according to proteomic and bioinformatics analysis; molecular docking and Weste

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Sheng, Yue-Yue, Jing Xiang, Ze-Shi Wang, et al. "Theacrine From Camellia kucha and Its Health Beneficial Effects." Frontiers in Nutrition 7 (December 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.596823.

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Theacrine, i.e., 1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid, is one of the major purine alkaloids found in leaf of a wild tea plant species Camellia kucha Hung T. Chang. Theacrine has been attracted great attentions academically owing to its diverse health benefits. Present review examines the advances in the research on the health beneficial effects of theacrine, including antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory effect, locomotor activation and reducing fatigue effects, improving cognitive effect, hypnotic effect, ameliorating lipid metabolism and inhibiting breast cancer cell metastasis effect. The inconsis

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"Determination of theacrine in rat plasma by RP-HPLC." China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, March 1, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4268/cjcmm20130527.

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Wu, Wenliang, Jiang Shi, Jiqiang Jin, et al. "Comprehensive metabolic analyses provide new insights into primary and secondary metabolites in different tissues of Jianghua Kucha tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. Jianghua)." Frontiers in Nutrition 10 (May 19, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1181135.

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BackgroundJianghua Kucha (JHKC) is a special tea germplasm with enriched specialized secondary metabolites, including theacrine, non-epimeric flavanols and methylated flavanols. Moreover, primary metabolites provide precursors and energy for the production of secondary metabolites. However, the accumulation patterns of primary and secondary metabolites in different tissues of JHKC are unclear.MethodsThe changes of primary and secondary metabolites and related metabolic pathways (primary and secondary metabolism) in different JHKC tissues (the bud, 1st-4th leaves, and new stem) were investigate

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Gardiner, Carissa L., Jonathon Weakley, Josh Leota, et al. "Dose response effects of theacrine on cognitive performance and subsequent sleep." Scientific Reports 14, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79046-2.

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Monica, Michael B. La, Jennifer B. Listman, Ian Donovan, Taylor E. Johnson, David J. Heeger, and Wayne E. Mackey. "Effects of TeaCrine® (Theacrine), Dynamine™ (Methylliberine), and Caffeine on Gamer Psychomotor Performance in a First-Person Shooter Video Game Scenario." Journal of Exercise and Nutrition 4, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.53520/jen2021.103104.

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Purpose: To compare the effects of purported cognitive enhancing dietary bioactive ingredients on subjective and objective measures of cognitive and motor performance during a first-person shooter video game.Methods: Using a placebo-controlled crossover design, nine healthy men (23.4±5.7 yr, 178.9±5.8cm, 86.0±17.1kg) completed four 20-minute gaming sessions designed to assess cognitive, motor, and perceptual skills via artificial intelligence-driven battery of tasks (Aim Lab). Participants ingested either a placebo (PL), caffeine (CAFF), or caffeine + methylliberine (Dynamine™) + theacrine (Te

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