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Journal articles on the topic 'Time-on-task (ToT)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bjørklund, Roald Arild. "Effects of Foreperiod and Time on Task on Reaction Time and Movement Time." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 1 (1992): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.1.131.

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The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of foreperiod (range 0.5 to 5.0 sec.) and 80 min. time on task (TOT) on reaction time (RT) and three subsequent fractions of movement time (MT) in a visual reaction-time experiment. Main effects of foreperiod and TOT, and an interaction between them appeared on RT. During the first 40 min. TOT, the most rapid RTs were observed at the foreperiods exceeding 1.5 sec., while after 40 min. TOT an increment in RT also emerged at the 5-sec. foreperiod. The interaction indicates that some kind of time-dependent fatigue affects ability to maintain pre

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Krämer, Raimund J., Marco Koch, Julie Levacher, and Florian Schmitz. "Testing Replicability and Generalizability of the Time on Task Effect." Journal of Intelligence 11, no. 5 (2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11050082.

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The time on task (ToT) effect describes the relationship of the time spent on a cognitive task and the probability of successful task completion The effect has been shown to vary in size and direction across tests and even within tests, depending on the test taker and item characteristics. Specifically, investing more time has a positive effect on response accuracy for difficult items and low ability test-takers, but a negative effect for easy items and high ability test-takers. The present study sought to test the replicability of this result pattern of the ToT effect across samples independe

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Szabo-Reed, Amanda N., Erik A. Willis, Jaehoon Lee, Charles H. Hillman, Richard A. Washburn, and Joseph E. Donnelly. "The Influence of Classroom Physical Activity Participation and Time on Task on Academic Achievement." Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine 4, no. 12 (2019): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000087.

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ABSTRACT Objectives This study aimed to determine the effect of classroom-based physically active lessons on time on task (TOT) and the relationship of TOT with academic achievement controlling for key demographic variables. Methods Seventeen elementary schools were cluster randomized to receive classroom physical activity (Academic Achievement and Physical Activity Across the Curriculum, n = 9) or control (i.e., no physical activity, n = 8) for a 3-yr trial. Teachers were trained to deliver physically active lessons with moderate to vigorous intensity targeting 100 min·wk−1. Outcome measures

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Golaszewski, Natalie, John Bartholomew, Vanessa Errisuriz, Elizabeth Korinek, and Esbelle Jowers. "Predictors of on-task Behaviors: Evaluating Student-level Characteristics." Health Behavior and Policy Review 8, no. 2 (2021): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.8.2.6.

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Objective: In this study, we examined students’ fitness, body mass index (BMI), and demographics as predictors of observed time on-task (TOT) behaviors as an indicator of behavioral inattention. Methods: We collected demographics, fitness estimates, and BMI from 2020 fourth-graders (Mean age = 8.6 (SD = 0.5); 47% girls; 49% white) from 28 schools. We measured TOT through momentary time sampling observations. Three-level linear models were conducted to determine whether characteristics predicted differences in TOT. We tested interactions between characteristics and TOT. Results: Older students

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Dubal, Stéphanie, and Roland Jouvent. "Time-on-task effect in trait anhedonia." European Psychiatry 19, no. 5 (2004): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.04.007.

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AbstractThe capacity to sustain attention was explored in a sample of anhedonic subjects according to the Chapman physical anhedonia scale. Sustained attention was determined by studying task-induced changes over the duration of the Eriksen response competition task [Percept. Psychophys. 16 (1974) 143]. Anhedonic subjects had longer reaction times (RTs), but missed no more targets than control subjects. Anhedonic subject RTs got longer with time-on-task (TOT) and displayed greater intra-subject variability. These results confirm those of a previous study indicating that anhedonic subjects may

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Matuz, András, Dimitri van der Linden, Zsolt Kisander, István Hernádi, Karádi Kázmér, and Árpád Csathó. "Enhanced cardiac vagal tone in mental fatigue: Analysis of heart rate variability in Time-on-Task, recovery, and reactivity." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0238670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238670.

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Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been suggested as a useful tool to assess fatigue-sensitive psychological operations. The present study uses a between and within-subject design with a cognitively demanding task and a documentary viewing condition, to examine the temporal profile of HRV during reactivity, Time-on-Task (ToT), and recovery. In the cognitive task group, participants worked on a bimodal 2-back task with a game-like character (the Gatekeeper task) for about 1.5 hours, followed by a 12-minute break, and a post-break block of performance (about 18 min). In the other group, participan

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Cheong, Yuen-Keen, Son T. Pham, Lan T. Phan, and Randa L. Shehab. "Does Rotary Pursuit Data Predict Mouse Task Performance? a Pilot Study." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 5 (2005): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900506.

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Knight & Salvendy (1992) suggested that performance of mouse task depends on precision control and arm-hand steadiness. However, the claims lacked empirical support. This pilot study collected rotary pursuit data, measured by time-on-target (TOT), to assess participants' precision control ability. Performance of mouse task was operationalized using a Fitts' pointing task. Stepwise multiple regression revealed target diameter (D), distance amplitude (A), and TOT contributed to the variability of movement time (MT). Despite highly significant relations, the regression coefficients were so sm

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Bacon, Paul, and Rachel N. Lord. "The impact of physically active learning during the school day on children’s physical activity levels, time on task and learning behaviours and academic outcomes." Health Education Research 36, no. 3 (2021): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab020.

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Abstract The benefits of physical activity in school settings and its impact on health and academic outcomes are of interest from public health and educational contexts. This study investigates how physically active learning (PAL): (i) contributes to children’s physical activity levels, (ii) impacts on academic outcomes and (iii) influences children’s focus and concentration, defined as time on task (ToT). Methods: Over a 2-week period, participants were exposed to PAL and non-active learning (NAL) lessons in a counterbalanced design. Physiological responses and ToT behaviour were recorded thr

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Ren, Lei, Lin Wu, Tingwei Feng, and Xufeng Liu. "A New Method for Inducing Mental Fatigue: A High Mental Workload Task Paradigm Based on Complex Cognitive Abilities and Time Pressure." Brain Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 541. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15060541.

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Objectives: With the advancement of modern society, people in cognitively demanding jobs are increasingly exposed to occupational stress. Prolonged and high-intensity cognitive activities are prone to inducing mental fatigue (MF), which adversely affects both psychological and physiological well-being, as well as task performance. Existing methods for inducing MF often demonstrate limited effectiveness due to insufficient cognitive load from overly simplistic tasks and the potential emotional disturbance caused by prolonged task duration. This study aims to explore a comprehensive cognitive ta

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Goldhaber, Nicole H., Robin L. Schaefer, Roman Martinez, et al. "Surgical pit crew: initiative to optimise measurement and accountability for operating room turnover time." BMJ Health & Care Informatics Online 30, no. 1 (2023): e100741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2023-100741.

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Background and objectivesTurnover time (TOT), defined as the time between surgical cases in the same operating room (OR), is often perceived to be lengthy without clear cause. With the aim of optimising and standardising OR turnover processes and decreasing TOT, we developed an innovative and staff-interactive TOT measurement method.MethodsWe divided TOT into task-based segments and created buttons on the electronic health record (EHR) default prelogin screen for appropriate staff workflows to collect more granular data. We created submeasures, including ‘clean-up start’, ‘clean-up complete’,

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Asigbee, Fiona, Reem Ghaddar, Amy Hoover, et al. "Dietary Quality May Play a Role in Classroom Engagement." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_004.

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Abstract Objectives Classroom time on task (TOT) is positively associated with academic performance. Studies have found a relationship between dietary intake and cognitive performance. This study aimed to examine the association of dietary quality with TOT. Methods Data were obtained from 3rd–5th grade students participating in TX Sprouts—a large, school-based gardening, nutrition, and cooking randomized controlled trial. Measures collected included: height, weight, and body composition via bioelectrical impedance. We assessed dietary intake via two, 24-hr dietary recalls, TOT via four, 15-min

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Zadik, Michal, Noa Bregman-Hai, and Nirit Soffer-Dudek. "Are You “In the Zone” Or “Disconnected”?" Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition 2, no. 2 (2022): 316–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31156/jaex.23915.

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Objective: The terms dissociative absorption and flow describe tendencies to experience immersive consciousness states, yet dissociation is sometimes considered maladaptive whereas flow is typically considered to be adaptive. We explored their trait and state associations with psychopathology, game task performance, and mood, and examined the hypothesized moderation effect of self-efficacy. Method: In the present study, 303 undergraduates completed trait questionnaires and 63 high/low absorbers reported their state before and after an immersive task (“Tetris”). Task performance was also assess

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Al-Shargie, Fares, Usman Tariq, Omnia Hassanin, Hasan Mir, Fabio Babiloni, and Hasan Al-Nashash. "Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Semantic Vigilance and Enhanced Mental States." Brain Sciences 9, no. 12 (2019): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9120363.

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In this paper, we present a method to quantify the coupling between brain regions under vigilance and enhanced mental states by utilizing partial directed coherence (PDC) and graph theory analysis (GTA). The vigilance state is induced using a modified version of stroop color-word task (SCWT) while the enhancement state is based on audio stimulation with a pure tone of 250 Hz. The audio stimulation was presented to the right and left ears simultaneously for one-hour while participants perform the SCWT. The quantification of mental states was performed by means of statistical analysis of indexes

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Friedman, Lee, and Oleg V. Komogortsev. "Fixation drift increases as a function of time-on-task in a brief saccade tracking study." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0310619. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310619.

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Ocular fixations contain microsaccades, drift and tremor. We report an increase in the slope of linear fixation drift as a function of time-on-task (TOT). We employed a large dataset (322 subjects, multiple visits per subject). Subjects performed a random saccade task. The task, in which the target dot jumped randomly every one sec, was 100 sec in duration. For each fixation, we regressed eye position against time across multiple segment lengths (50, 100, 300, and 500 ms). We started with the first sample and continued until no further regressions were possible based on the segment length bein

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Erblang, M., M. Quiquempoix, A. Vergez, et al. "0299 Total Sleep Deprivation and Time on Task: Not the Same for Sustained Attention and Executive Processes and Poor Benefit of Caffeine." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.296.

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Abstract Introduction Mental Fatigue is commonly questioned regarding time on task or sleep debt effect (Hockey, 2013; Pattyn et al., 2018) or sleep debt effect (Krause et al., 2017). No studies have neither investigated contributions of these two factors for different cognitive processes nor benefit of caffeine. Methods 24 right-handed and healthy subjects (18–50 years old), with a median chronotype and sleep need participated in a 2-experimental counter-balanced (placebo: PBO and caffeine: COFFEE - 2.5 mg/kg) total sleep deprivation protocol (TSD = 27 hours of continuous wakefulness). Subjec

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Priya, S., S. Haripriya, and Amina Thaha. "The Effect of Task-oriented Training Combined with Scapular Stabilization Exercises on Paretic Upper Extremity Function in Patient with Stroke: A Case Study." Indian journal of physical therapy and research 6, no. 1 (2024): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijptr.ijptr_128_22.

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A stroke (cerebrovascular accident) is the rapid loss of neurological function brought on by an interruption in blood flow to the brain. Over 85% of stroke patients undergo hemiplegia, and more than 69% of them experience an upper limb motor function deficit. In this case report, a 68-year-old male was assessed for stroke; his upper extremity (UE) function was assessed using the manual function test, Fugl-Meyer Assessment UE, and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) time. The patient underwent a 4-week treatment protocol that included task-oriented training (TOT) and scapular stabilization exercise

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Shafto, Meredith A., Deborah M. Burke, Emmanuel A. Stamatakis, Phyllis P. Tam, and Lorraine K. Tyler. "On the Tip-of-the-Tongue: Neural Correlates of Increased Word-finding Failures in Normal Aging." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 12 (2007): 2060–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.12.2060.

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Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experiences are frustrating word-finding failures where people are temporarily unable to produce a word they are certain they know. TOT frequency increases with normal aging during adulthood, and behavioral evidence suggests that the underlying deficit is in retrieving the complete phonology of the target word during production. The present study investigated the neural correlates of this phonological retrieval deficit. We obtained 3-D T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) for healthy participants between 19 and 88 years old and used voxel-based morphom

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Weber, Dominik, Marco Koch, Frank M. Spinath, Florian Krieger, and Nicolas Becker. "Log File Times as Indicators of Structured Figural Matrix Processing." Journal of Intelligence 13, no. 6 (2025): 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence13060063.

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Previous research has shown individual differences in (a) time on task (ToT) and (b) the degree of structuredness in processing figural matrices. The goal of this article was to integrate these two lines of research by analyzing log files from a computer-based assessment (N = 198) to examine the role of three ToT sub-components: onset times (before engaging with the first matrix rule), interrule times (between the rules), and intrarule times (within a single rule). We tested three clues that support the assumptions that the interrule times reflect the cognitive construction of a rule-specific

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Ragnarsdóttir, Harpa, Guðný Lilja Oddsdóttir, Magnús Kjartan Gíslason, and Kristín Briem. "Quantifying Impairments in the Subacute Phase of Whiplash Associated Disorders—A Cross-Sectional Study." Life 15, no. 4 (2025): 562. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15040562.

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Whiplash-Associated Disorders (WADs) often result from traffic accidents, leading to persistent symptoms, including neck pain, disability, dizziness, and central sensitization (CS). A key concern is cervical range of motion (cROM) impairment and sensorimotor dysfunction, which contribute to prolonged disability. This study assessed functional performance in individuals with subacute (>1, <3 months) WADs (n = 122) compared to healthy controls (n = 45). Clinical measures included cROM, movement control (Butterfly test), and position sense (Head–Neck Relocation Test, HNRT). Patient-reported

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Heijebu, V. Suresh, Bhupendra Singh, Shrikant Srivastava, and Shivendra Kumar Singh. "A study of handwriting sample in geriatric population with cognitive impairment." Journal of Geriatric Mental Health 9, no. 2 (2022): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_39_22.

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Objectives: Cognitive impairment in the geriatric population often remains undiagnosed until progressed enough to cause interruptions in activities of daily living. Routine tests are time taking, requiring a specialist. Handwriting function reflects the brain's cognitive capacity by involving it's both halves. It is easy to collect and does not strain the participant, and can aid in the faster diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Materials and Methods: To study handwriting parameters collected with Livescribe Echo Smart Pen and compare them with cognitive scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-

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Kumar, Narendra, and Prof (Dr ). Sajjad Alam. "Effect Of Task-Oriented Training Based On Neurodevelopment Therapy Principle On Gait And Functional Activities Of Daily Living In Cerebral Palsy-A Research Article." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 11, no. 5s (2025): 1214–22. https://doi.org/10.64252/025jh052.

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Background:Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of childhood physical disability, characterized by motor impairments that hinder gait and activities of daily living (ADLs). Neurodevelopmental Therapy (NDT) and Task-Oriented Training (TOT) are evidence-based approaches targeting functional recovery in children with CP. However, limited research exists on their combined effectiveness. Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of task-oriented training based on Neurodevelopmental Therapy principles on gait parameters and functional activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy. Metho

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Marini, Liza, Rahma Yurliani Dalimunthe, Rahmi Putri Rangkuti, Ade Rahmawati Siregar, Debby Anggraini Daulay, and Indri Kemala Nasution. "Psychosocial Support in Children Victims of Mount Sinabung Eruption." Journal of Saintech Transfer 1, no. 2 (2019): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jst.v1i2.466.

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The eruption of Mount Sinabung in Tanah Karo, North Sumatera, which occurred in November 2013 has caused some people to evacuate to avoid the risk of greater disaster. The eruption produced psychological impacts not only on the parents but also on the children, due to the disruption of life activities, radical life changes and living with other citizens, in unknown length of time. Based on the situation, the Faculty of Psychology, University of Sumatra Utara as part of the USU’s Sinabung Task Force took the initiative to serve the people affected by the eruption of Sinabung, especially the chi

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Leeds, Steven G., Lizzy Wooley, Ganesh Sankaranarayanan, Yahya Daoud, James Fleshman, and Sanket Chauhan. "Learning Curve Associated With an Automated Laparoscopic Suturing Device Compared With Laparoscopic Suturing." Surgical Innovation 24, no. 2 (2017): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350616687903.

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Background. Laparoscopic suturing has proved to be a challenging skill to master which may prevent surgical procedures from being started, or completed, in a minimally invasive fashion. The aim of this study is to compare the learning curves between traditional laparoscopic techniques with a novel suturing device. Methods. In this prospective single blinded nonrandomized controlled crossover study, we recruited 19 general surgery residents ranging from beginner (PGY1-2, n = 12) to advanced beginner (PGY3-5, n = 7). They were assigned to perform a knot tying and suturing task using either Endo3

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Sun, Jinghao, Nan Guan, Rongxiao Shi, Guozhen Tan, and Wang Yi. "Schedulability Analysis for Timed Automata With Tasks." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 20, no. 5s (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477020.

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Research on modeling and analysis of real-time computing systems has been done in two areas, model checking and real-time scheduling theory. In model checking, an expressive modeling formalism such as timed automata (TA) is used to model complex systems, but the analysis is typically very expensive due to state-space explosion. In real-time scheduling theory, the analysis techniques are highly efficient, but the models are often restrictive. In this paper, we aim to exploit the possibility of applying efficient analysis techniques rooted in real-time scheduling theory to analysis of real-time

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Giatzoglou, Evgenia, Panagiotis Vorias, Ryan Kemm, Irene Karayianni, Chrysanthi Nega, and Panagiotis Kourtesis. "The Trail Making Test in Virtual Reality (TMT-VR): The Effects of Interaction Modes and Gaming Skills on Cognitive Performance of Young Adults." Applied Sciences 14, no. 21 (2024): 10010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142110010.

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Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly used in neuropsychological assessments due to its ability to simulate real-world environments. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the Trail Making Test in VR (TMT-VR) and investigate the effects of different interaction modes and gaming skills on cognitive performance. A total of 71 young female and male adults (aged 18–35) with high and low gaming skills participated in this study. Participants completed the TMT-VR using three interaction modes as follows: eye-tracking, head movement, and controller. Performance metrics included task completion time

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Paul, Ige Ilesanmi, Mokwenye Victoria, and Obadire Samuel Olalere. "Patient turnaround time: Concern of medical laboratory scientist." Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory Science 8, no. 1 (2023): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v8i1.12.

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When a company that experienced a period of financial recovery, it's called turnaround. It refers to time of recovery of a nation or region's economy after a period of recession or unproductivity. Turnaround time (TAT) is the duration of a process from initiation to completion, which can significantly be improved with an automated workflow solution. Doctors frequently used TAT as the standard for laboratory performance, way to communicate timelines as, a useful marker of laboratory efficiency, as a quality indicator to evaluate the effectiveness, efficiency of the testing process, and as clini

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Yates, Brandon A., Lawrence E. Armstrong, Elaine C. Lee, et al. "Effectiveness of a Single Prolonged Aerobic Exercise Session on Executive Function Task Performance in Physically Active Adults (21–70 Years of Age)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (2023): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042802.

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We sought to examine the effectiveness of an acute prolonged exercise session on post-exercise executive function in physically active adults and to assess if age or pre-exercise cognitive performance was predictive of the magnitude of change in executive task performance. Self-registered cyclists were recruited prior to participating in a 161-km mass-participation cycling event. Cyclists were excluded if they had not previously participated in a similar endurance event, were young (<18 y), or were cognitively impaired (Mini CogTM < 3 units). Immediately after completing the exercise ses

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Osuka, Yosuke, Hunkyung Kim, Yutaka Watanabe, et al. "A Stepping Trail Making Test as an Indicator of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9 (2020): 2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092835.

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This study aimed to examine the concurrent validity of a novel motor-cognitive dual-task test, the Stepping Trail Making Test (S-TMT), as an indicator of cognitive impairment (CI), and compare its screening performance to that of motor or cognitive tests alone. This was a population-based cross-sectional study including 965 Japanese adults aged ≥ 70 years. To measure the time taken to perform the S-TMT, the participants were instructed to step on 16 numbers in sequence as quickly and accurately as possible. Motor and cognitive functions were assessed by gait speed and TMT part A (TMT-A), respe

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Rüdiger, Stefanie, Tim Stuckenschneider, Tobias Vogt, et al. "Cognitive Impairment Is Reflected by an Increased Difference between Real and Imagined Timed Up and Go Test Performance." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 44, no. 1-2 (2017): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477760.

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Background: Recent research suggests using an imaginary version of the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) for a first assessment of cognitive impairment. By using the time difference between a real (TUGr) and an imagined (TUGi) TUG task, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive impairment on motor imagery ability. Methods: Fifty-two participants (mean age 69.3 ± 4.0 years) with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive impairment were included in this study. The time difference between the TUGr and the TUGi was used as the main outcome. The Trail Making Test part B (T

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Shin, Joon Soo, Yeo Jin Kim, and Ji Hye Yoon. "Comparison of Word Production Ability of Young and Middle-Aged Adults Using Word-Chain Tasks." Audiology and Speech Research 19, no. 1 (2023): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.210046.

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Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the performance on a word-chain task across two age groups (youth: 20~39 years and middle-aged groups: 40~64 years).Methods: In the word-chain task, we analyzed the number of correct responses and reaction times (time from the final consonant/vowel of the previous word to the initial consonant/vowel of the second syllable of the next word). The correlation between the ability of word-chain task and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Korean-Mini Mental State Examination, Short form-Korean-Boston Naming Test, Korean-Trail M

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Bryk, Kelsey, Scott Passalugo, and Thomas A. Buckley. "Effects of Persistent Concussion Symptoms on Executive Function in Working-aged Adults using a Novel Sensorimotor Assessment Tool." Neurology 95, no. 20 Supplement 1 (2020): S13.3—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000719996.56412.9a.

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ObjectiveTo examine neurocognitive performance of persistent concussion symptom patients using a novel sensorimotor technology.BackgroundIn patients with persistent concussion symptoms, neurocognitive deficits have been routinely identified; however, most of the current literature focuses on athletes and military veterans. Middle aged community members face unique challenges related to jobs, family, and transportation which can all be adversely affected by neurocognitive deficits.Design/MethodsThirteen adults (44.3 ± 12.6 years) with self-reported persistent-concussion symptoms (PCS) at least

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Liu, Shijing, Amy Wadeson, Na Young Kim, and Chang S. Nam. "Effects of Working Memory Capacity, Task Switching, and Task Difficulty on Multitasking Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601114.

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Multitasking requires human operators to handle the demands of multiple tasks through task switching at the same time and this ability is required in many jobs. Previous studies showed that different levels of working memory capacity (WMC) and task switching abilities can lead to differences on multitasking performance. With increased complexity of tasks, maintaining task performance is challenging. This study sought to find the relations of WMC, task switching, task difficulty, and multitasking performance. Multi-Attribute Task Battery II (MATB-II) was employed in this study as a platform to

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Hegazy, Tarek. "Optimization of construction time-cost trade-off analysis using genetic algorithms." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 6 (1999): 685–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-031.

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In the management of a construction project, the project duration can often be compressed by accelerating some of its activities at an additional expense. This is the so-called time-cost trade-off (TCT) problem, which has been studied extensively in the project management literature. TCT decisions, however, are complex and require planners to select appropriate resources for each project task, including crew size, equipment, methods, and technology. As combinatorial optimization problems, finding optimal decisions is difficult and time consuming considering the number of possible permutations

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Hwang, Do-Yeon, Sung-Hyun Ryu, Ki-Hyun Kwon, and Soo-A. Kim. "Effect of Exercise and Task-based Action Observation Training on Frontal Lobe-Executive Function of Stroke Patients." Korean Society of Cognitive Therapeutic Exercise 16, no. 1 (2024): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29144/kscte.2024.16.1.13.

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This study investigated the effects of exercise- and task-based action observation training on the frontal lobe executive function in patients with stroke. Thirty stroke patients, divided into two groups (experimental and control), participated in this study. Changes in frontal lobe executive function were measured using the Korean Stroop Test (KST) and the Korean version of the Trail Making Test (K-TMT). After the pre-test, the experimental group underwent occupational therapy and action observation training for a total of 16 sessions. The control group underwent occupational and cognitive re

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Arikawa, Eito, Masatomo Kubota, Tomoko Haraguchi, Masachika Takata, and Shoji Natsugoe. "Implicit Motor Learning Strategies Benefit Dual-Task Performance in Patients with Stroke." Medicina 59, no. 9 (2023): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091673.

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Background and Objectives: In stroke rehabilitation, the use of either implicit or explicit learning as a motor learning approach during dual tasks is common, but it is unclear which strategy is more beneficial. This study aims to determine the benefits of implicit versus explicit motor learning approaches in patients with stroke. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with stroke and 21 control participants were included. Motor learning was evaluated using the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) in the context of dual-task conditions. The SRTT was conducted on two separate days: one day for i

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Papagiannopoulou, Penelope, Panagiota Afendouli, and Georgios Pilafas. "A Study of the Effect of Phonological Loop Suppression on TMT-B Test Performance." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 11 (2023): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231149.

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This study aimed to examine the impact of vocal music on cognitive performance using the Trail Making Test (TMT)-B. A sample of 90 participants was randomly assigned into two groups: one group listened to vocal music while completing the TMT-B, while the other group performed the task without any music. The TMT-B was specifically chosen as it incorporates the central executive, particularly the phonological loop, enabling more targeted findings. Our hypothesis posited that participants exposed to vocal music would exhibit lower performance on the TMT-B test due to the distraction caused and th

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Khan, Omar Farooq, Ellen R. Cusano, Soundouss Raissouni, et al. "Immediate-term chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following administration of intravenous (IV) chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 5_suppl (2017): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.146.

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146 Background: The acute impact of chemotherapy on cognition is unknown. This study utilized performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and trail-making test B (TMT) to assess CRCI immediately following chemotherapy administration. Methods: Patients aged 18-80 years receiving first-line IV chemotherapy for any stage of breast or colorectal cancer were eligible. Patients with brain metastases, neurologic disorders or allergic reactions to chemotherapy were excluded. Patient symptoms, peripheral neuropathy and Stanford Sleepiness Scale were assessed. A five-minute PVT and TMT were comp

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Mendonça, Bárbara Thais Veras de, Valter Machado, Guilherme Gomes Silva, and Natália Martins Dias. "Executive functions and functioning in women with fibromyalgia." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 82, no. 09 (2024): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1790577.

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Abstract Background Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain that is associated with sleep, emotional, and cognitive disturbances, including in executive functions (EFs). Objective To investigate the relationship between EFs and functionality in women with FM. Methods The study included 17 women with FM, aged between 30 and 59 years, with no history of neurological disease. The EFs were assessed using the Digit Span Subtest (DS), Five Digit Test, Trail Making Test (TMT), Corsi Block-Tapping Task, Hayling Test (HT), and Verbal Fluency Task. Functionality was eva

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Agbaroji, Hannah A., Oliver J. Hatch, Estefania Valencia, David J. Moore, Matthew J. Wright, and David J. Hardy. "A-208 Assessing Workload via the NASA-TLX: A Validation Study with the Trail Making Test and Grooved Pegboard." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 37, no. 6 (2022): 1363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acac060.208.

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Abstract Objective: Workload is a useful construct in human factors and neuroergonomics research that describes “the perceived relationship between the amount of mental processing capability or resources and the amount required by the task”. We assessed workload in relation to performance on two standard neuropsychological tests, the Trails Making Test and the Grooved Pegboard. Method: Eight college students completed the Trail Making Test (TMT) and the Grooved Pegboard (GP). Workload was assessed with the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), a self-report measure including several subscales (we f

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Khan, Omar Farooq, Ellen R. Cusano, Soundouss Raissouni, et al. "Immediate-term chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following administration of intravenous (IV) chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): 10084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.10084.

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10084 Background: The acute impact of chemotherapy on cognition is unknown. This study utilized performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and trail-making test B (TMT) to assess CRCI immediately following chemotherapy administration. Methods: Patients aged 18-80 years receiving first-line IV chemotherapy for any stage of breast or colorectal cancer were eligible. Patients with brain metastases, neurologic disorders or allergic reactions to chemotherapy were excluded. Patient symptoms, peripheral neuropathy and Stanford Sleepiness Scale were assessed. A five-minute PVT and TMT were co

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Zhang, Ying, Terrence Fernando, Hannan Xiao, and Adrian R. L. Travis. "Evaluation of Auditory and Visual Feedback on Task Performance in a Virtual Assembly Environment." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15, no. 6 (2006): 613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.6.613.

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This paper presents the creation of an assembly simulation environment with multisensory feedback (auditory and visual), and the evaluation of the effects of auditory and visual feedback on the task performance in the context of assembly simulation in a virtual environment (VE). This VE experimental system platform brings together complex technologies such as constraint-based assembly simulation, optical motion tracking technology, and real time 3D sound generation technology around a virtual reality workbench and a common software platform. A peg-in-a-hole and a Sener electronic box assembly

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HUANG, Shujuan, Tiansen LI, Zhihao MA, and Feng XIAO. "Research on multi-core scheduling method for Sporadic task by line tree mode." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 40, no. 4 (2022): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20224040935.

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At present, most of the scheduling models for real-time periodic tasks are established based on independent fixed periodic tasks and few by considering the task model with period allowed to change and the processor model in the scheduling process. In this paper, a task model and processor model based on line tree(LT) for sporadic real-time periodic tasks are designed, and a transformation algorithm from task line tree(TLT) model to processor line tree(PLT) model is proposed. The algorithm takes the least common multiple of all real-time periodic tasks as the benchmark of layer number, and base

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Zhou, He, Marwan Sabbagh, Rachel Wyman, Carolyn Liebsack, Mark E. Kunik, and Bijan Najafi. "Instrumented Trail-Making Task to Differentiate Persons with No Cognitive Impairment, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease: A Proof of Concept Study." Gerontology 63, no. 2 (2016): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000452309.

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Background: Objective and time-effective tools are needed to identify motor-cognitive impairment and facilitate early intervention. Objective: We examined the feasibility, accuracy, and reliability of an instrumented trail-making task (iTMT) using a wearable sensor to identify motor-cognitive impairment among older adults. Methods: Thirty subjects (age = 82.2 + 6.1 years, body mass index = 25.7 + 4.8, female = 43.3%) in 3 age-matched groups, 11 healthy, 10 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 9 with Alzheimer disease (AD), were recruited. Subjects completed iTMT, using a wearabl

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Ye, Minsook, Daehyuk Jang, Sun-young Lee, et al. "Neuroprotective Effect of Ixeris dentata Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, no. 11 (2024): 11772–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb46110699.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a representative neurodegenerative disease characterized by the structural and functional degeneration of neurons. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect of Ixeris dentata (ID) extract on trimethyltin (TMT)-induced memory deficit in the rat. Cognitive improving effect and neuronal activity of ID were assessed by using Morris water maze (MWM) test and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) immunohistochemistry. Seven days after TMT injection (8.0 mg/kg, i.p.), each group of rats was administered saline, water

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Piga, Matteo, Ioannis Parodis, Zahi Touma, et al. "FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTING TREAT-TO-TARGET IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS ROUTINE CLINICAL CARE: CONSENSUS STATEMENTS FROM AN INTERNATIONAL TASK FORCE." Journal of Rheumatology 52, Suppl 1 (2025): 32–33. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.2025-0390.o034.

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O034 / #681Topic:AS09 - Emerging Approaches in SLE ManagementABSTRACT CONCURRENT SESSION 05: EMERGING INSIGHTS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF LUPUS MANIFESTATIONS AND COMORBIDITIES23-05-2025 1:40 PM - 2:40 PMBackground/PurposeThe adoption of Treat-to-Target (T2T) in routine clinical care for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is limited, with evidence showing ongoing overuse of glucocorticoids (GCs) and inadequate disease control in many patients. An international task force convened to address the challenges and identify effective strategies for implementing T2T in adult SLE patients in real-life setti

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Hardy, David J., Hannah A. Agbaroji, Oliver J. Hatch, Estefania Valencia, David J. Moore, and Matthew J. Wright. "11 NASA-TLX Workload Profile of the Trail Making Test." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561772300869x.

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Objective:Workload is a useful construct in human factors and neuroergonomics research that describes “the perceived relationship between the amount of mental [and physical] processing capability or resources and the amount required by the task”. We apply this concept to neuropsychology and assess several dimensions of workload as it relates to performance on the Trail Making Test.Participants and Methods:Twenty college students completed the Trail Making Test (TMT). After completion of each Part A and B, workload was assessed with the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), a popular self-report mea

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Ms., Arti Bhan*1 &. Prof. Ashish P. Waghmare2. "MONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT THROUGH BUFFER MANAGEMENT." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 8 (2017): 171–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.839157.

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Critical Chain Project Management is an effective method over Critical Path Method (CPM) for scheduling and monitoring the progress of a project. CPM leads to ineffective scheduling due to overestimation of duration and increases the overall project duration. The task estimates in CPM are based on guess work whereas CCPM reduces the duration of task to 50% to that of its original duration as uses the remaining 50% duration as buffer to protect the activity against delays. Also the availability of resources is not considered by the scheduler to develop optimal schedules. To overcome the shortco

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Settelmeier, Stephan, Zohreh Varasteh, Magdalena Staniszewska, et al. "Demonstration of the Early Cardiac Bioavailability of a Non-Specific Cell-Targeted Peptide Using Radionuclide-Based Imaging In Vivo." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 6 (2023): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16060824.

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The cardiac bioavailability of peptide drugs that inhibit harmful intracellular protein–protein interactions in cardiovascular diseases remains a challenging task in drug development. This study investigates whether a non-specific cell-targeted peptide drug is available in a timely manner at its intended biological destination, the heart, using a combined stepwise nuclear molecular imaging approach. An octapeptide (heart8P) was covalently coupled with the trans-activator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain residues 48–59 of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (TAT-heart8P) for effici

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Moll, Jorge, Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza, Fernanda Tovar Moll, Ivanei Edson Bramati, and Pedro Angelo Andreiuolo. "The cerebral correlates of set-shifting: an fMRI study of the trail making test." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 60, no. 4 (2002): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2002000600002.

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The trail making test (TMT) pertains to a family of tests that tap the ability to alternate between cognitive categories. However, the value of the TMT as a localizing instrument remains elusive. Here we report the results of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of a verbal adaptation of the TMT (vTMT). The vTMT takes advantage of the set-shifting properties of the TMT and, at the same time, minimizes the visuospatial and visuomotor components of the written TMT. Whole brain BOLD fMRI was performed during the alternating execution of vTMTA and vTMTB in seven normal adults with

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Liu, Yi. "An integrated simulation system using fuzzy logic and network simulator 3 (ns-3) for actor node selection in wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs): Performance evaluation considering different parameters." Journal of High Speed Networks 31, no. 1 (2025): 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/09266801241297291.

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The wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) are considered a fundamental technology for the Internet of Things (IoT). These networks comprise numerous sensor and actor nodes and are anticipated to be utilized in various sectors. In WSANs, actor nodes must be positioned and moved optimally to ensure an efficient communication network among the actor nodes, as well as connecting actor nodes with sensor and other actor nodes. This research focuses on the selection process of actor nodes within WSANs. The proposed system selects the optimal actor node by employing fuzzy logic (FL) and the netwo

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