Relevant bibliographies by topics / Top Spray

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Top Spray'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Top Spray"

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Womac, Alvin R., Chris Smith, and Joe Mulrooney. "Spray Nozzle Effects on Foliar Band Deposits of Malathion in Cotton." Journal of the ASABE 67, no. 6 (2024): 1469–80. https://doi.org/10.13031/ja.16037.

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HighlightsFoliar banding with 40-degree flat fan tips may reduce pesticide use.Hollow cone tips were effective for broadcast applications but less effective as a single tip band over the row.Spray plume interactions with foliage affected spray targeting on different samplers.Abstract.The study characterized the spray deposits for broadcast sprays and foliar band sprays made to cotton in the field under a steady mean lateral wind velocity of 1.1 m s-1. Five over-the-top spray treatments included broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips, broadcast XR 8002 flat fan tips, banding 40-015 flat fan tip
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Akinci, A., and F. Yilmaz. "The effect of epoxy‐polyester sealing of sprayed metal coatings for additional corrosion protection." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 58, no. 1 (2011): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035591111097675.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report salt spray testing of epoxy‐polyester top‐coating applied on Zn‐sprayed, Al‐sprayed and 85Zn‐15Al‐sprayed steel samples.Design/methodology/approachIn these tests, steel substrates sprayed with Zn, Al and 85Zn‐15Al coatings of different average thicknesses ranging from 120 to 210 μm were top‐coated with an epoxy‐polyester sealing layer. The corrosion test was performed with salt solution for over 2,000‐h. The degree of damage to the samples was evaluated quantitatively in terms of ratio of scribed to unscribed area of coating.FindingsIt was evident
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RAKESH PRAJAPATI, S.L. MEENA, DINESH KUMAR, et al. "Yield, nutrient uptake and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) as affected by split and foliar application of potassium." Indian Journal of Agronomy 69, no. 2 (2024): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5512.

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A field experiment was carried out during winter (rabi) season 2021–22 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute located at New Delhi to find out the effect of potassium management on yields, nutrient uptake and economics of Indian mustard. Eight treatments combinations of different doses, methods and time of potassium application i.e. No K = 0 kg K/ha; 100% MOP (muriate of potash) as basal; 2 Foliar sprays of KNO3 at branching and before flowering; 50% MOP as basal + 50% MOP as top dressing at branching; 50% MOP as basal + 2 foliar sprays of KNO3 at branching and before flowering; 75
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Womac, Alvin R., Erdal Ozkan, Heping Zhu, John Kochendorfer, and Hongyoung Jeon. "Status of Spray Penetration and Deposition in Dense Field Crop Canopies." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 5 (2022): 1107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15091.

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HighlightsCrop production practices, spray drift control, and sprayer productivity affect spray penetration into dense crop canopies.Question is raised whether airflows near foliar surfaces or within the canopy can assist spray penetration under windy conditions.Current structural descriptions of canopies do not accommodate droplet trajectories to improve spray application.New nozzle tip designs, sensors, and air-assisted spraying need tuning to improve spray penetration and deposition.Abstract. The objective of this study was to review representative publications for improved knowledge of spr
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Börner, Matthias, Thomas Hagemeier, Gunnar Ganzer, Mirko Peglow, and Evangelos Tsotsas. "Experimental spray zone characterization in top-spray fluidized bed granulation." Chemical Engineering Science 116 (September 2014): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.05.007.

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Pourreza, Alireza, Ali Moghimi, Franz J. A. Niederholzer, et al. "Spray Backstop: A Method to Reduce Orchard Spray Drift Potential without Limiting the Spray and Air Delivery." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 8862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218862.

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Unmanaged spray drift from orchard pesticide application contributes to environmental contamination and causes significant danger to farmworkers, nearby residential areas, and neighbors’ crops. Most drift control approaches do not guarantee adequate and uniform canopy spray coverage. Our goal was to develop a spray backstop system that could block drifting from the top without any negative impact on spray coverage and on-target deposition. The design included a foldable mast and a shade structure that covered the trees from the top. We used a continuous loop sampling to assess and quantify the
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Hodgkinson, MC, DC Joyce, AP Mackey, DS Sagatys, TS Schmiede, and G. Smith. "Compatibility of a petroleum spray oil and foliar zinc fertilisers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 3 (1996): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960331.

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The performance of 7 commercial zinc (Zn) foliar nutrients sprays, based on sulfate (Top ZM), hydrated sulfate (Pivot Zinsol; Pivot Mangasol-zinc), oxide (Phosyn Zintrac), and ligninsulfonate (Spray-gro Zn PC; Spray-gro Zn/Mn PC; SJB), were assessed with and without addition of a horticultural petroleum spray oil (PSO), Ampol D-C-Tron NR. Foliar Zn deposition and absorption was quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) after solvent washing and acid extraction. Effects on photosystem II were measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. Although none of the Zn spr
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Ronsse, F., J. G. Pieters, and K. Dewettinck. "Modelling side-effect spray drying in top-spray fluidised bed coating processes." Journal of Food Engineering 86, no. 4 (2008): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.11.003.

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Dai, Jingwei, and Robert E. Paull. "Effect of Water Status on Dendrobium Flower Spray Postharvest Life." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 3 (1991): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.3.491.

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The postharvest life of Dendrobium spp. flower sprays was limited by wilting and shedding of individual “flowers. Late-summer-harvested sprays had a reduced postharvest life compared to winter-harvested sprays. Cultivars differed in postharvest life in response to packing and storing for 2 days at 22C. Water 10ss rates of `Princess' sprays continuously held in deionized water declined from ≈ 1.25 g/day per spray 4 days after harvest to 0.35 g/day per spray 20 days later. Flower shedding occurred when the rate of water loss fell below ≈1.0 g/day per spray. Addition of a floral preservative to t
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Tushar, Tonge* Shilpa Borkar Jagdish Baheti. "A Review on Multiple Unit Pellet System (MUPS) Delivery Systems." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2025): 4474–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15533086.

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The pharmaceutical industry is currently concentrating on creating novel drug delivery systems that improve therapeutic efficacy and lessen adverse effects. When a medication product needs to be administered in a modified release pattern to senior patients, the oral drug delivery system becomes problematic, particularly because they have trouble swallowing. The design of solid dosage forms has made extensive use of Multiple Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS) tablets in recent years. One of the more recent and difficult technologies that combines the benefits of tablets with pellet-filled capsules in a
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Top Spray"

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Liu, Huolong. "Modeling and control of batch pulsed top-spray fluidized bed granulation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11006.

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In this thesis, a thorough study of the batch top-spray fluidized bed granulation was carried out including experimental study, population balance model (PBM), computational fluid dynamic (CFD) study and control strategy development. For the experimental study, the influence variables of pulsed frequency, binder spray rate and atomization pressure of a batch top-spray fluidized bed granulation process were studied using the Box-Behnken experimental design method. Different mathematical models were developed to predict the mean size of granules, yield, relative width of granule distribution, Ha
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Begg, Steven M. "In-cylinder airflow and fuel spray characteristics for a top-entry direct injection gasoline engine." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2003. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ecdf9e55-604a-45af-a709-9839c57d282c.

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Börner, Matthias [Verfasser], Evangelos [Akademischer Betreuer] Tsotsas, and Mirko [Akademischer Betreuer] Peglow. "Feststoffdynamik und Partikelverweilzeiten am Beispiel der Top-Spray Wirbelschichtsprühgranulation / Matthias Börner. Betreuer: Evangelos Tsotsas ; Mirko Peglow." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/105442117X/34.

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Schäfer, Joachim [Verfasser], and Geoffrey [Akademischer Betreuer] Lee. "Spray-Drying of Enzymes on the Bench-Top Scale with lengthened Chamber Retention Time / Joachim Schäfer. Gutachter: Geoffrey Lee." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075837758/34.

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Selzer, Franz, Nelli Weiß, David Kneppe, et al. "A spray-coating process for highly conductive silver nanowire networks as the transparent top-electrode for small molecule organic photovoltaics." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36329.

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We present a novel top-electrode spray-coating process for the solution-based deposition of silver nanowires (AgNWs) onto vacuum-processed small molecule organic electronic solar cells. The process is compatible with organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic light emitting thin film transistors (OLETs) as well. By modifying commonly synthesized AgNWs with a perfluorinated methacrylate, we are able to disperse these wires in a highly fluorinated solvent. This solvent does not dissolve most organic materials, enabling a top spray-coating process for sensitive small molecule and polymer-b
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Slavíková, Barbora. "Struktura a vlastnosti tepelných bariér typu YSZ nanesených na krycí vrstvy CoNiCrAlY přetavené elektronovým paprskem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400863.

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The master thesis is dealing with characterization of the structure and properties of the YSZ thermal barrier coating deposited by water hybrid plasma spray technology on the CoNiCrAlY bond coats modified by using electron beam and vacuum annealing. Deposition of the bond coats was performed via high velocity oxy-fuel technology and cold spray. In case of experimental evaluation, the microstructure and chemical composition of the ceramic top coat deposited with powder and suspension feedstock was analyzed. The same analysis procedure was used also for bond coats after electron beam remelting b
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Wong, Yee-man Melody, and 黃漪汶. "TIP spray ionization mass spectrometry and its analytical application in direct sample analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195959.

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Electrospray (ES)-based ambient ionization techniques have been rapidly developed and became indispensable tools for direct sample analysis using mass spectrometry. In this study, it was found that with the use of porous substrate, analytes present in complex samples could be detected by directly introducing untreated sample on porous tips. Moreover, the specific feature, micro-channels of the porous tips, allows efficient sample loading and facilitates electrospray ionization (ESI), which is beneficial for the direct sample analysis. Systematic study on the influences of the physical and che
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Delacourt, Eric. "Caractérisation expérimentale des jets d'injection diesel à très hautes pressions (2500 bar)." Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fb73ca86-257a-4604-b59f-85444a9552d9.

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Le travail mené dans le cadre de cette thèse a permis d'obtenir, de manière expérimentale, les caractéristiques géométriques des jets libres Diesel pour des pressions supérieures à celles utilisées de nos jours (jusqu'à 2500 bar). Ces caractéristiques ont été obtenues grâce à la mise en place d'un moyen d'essai spécifique et au développement d'un logiciel d'analyse d'images de jets. Elles ont servi à quantifier l'influence de telles pressions d'injection sur la qualité de la pulvérisation. Cette étude a permis d'étendre, à des pressions supérieures, le champ d'application de lois déjà proposée
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Soares, Mariana Schuchter. "“Só barulho do spray foskando algum tom”: os grafismos urbanos na paisagem sociolinguística da cidade de Juiz de Fora/MG." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6773.

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Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-17T18:21:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marianaschuchtersoares.pdf: 20615931 bytes, checksum: 2873d36ceb31b42d2d3c4ffb1893edb9 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T11:51:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marianaschuchtersoares.pdf: 20615931 bytes, checksum: 2873d36ceb31b42d2d3c4ffb1893edb9 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T11:51:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marianaschuchtersoares.pdf: 20615931 bytes, checksum: 2873d36ceb31b42d2d3c4ffb1893edb9 (MD5) Previ
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Zaremba, Matouš. "Experimentální analýza procesu rozpadu kapaliny u šumivé trysky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-370740.

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The thesis deals with experimental research of mechanism of liquid breakup at twin-fluid atomizers. Four different atomizers were examined at the beginning of the research. Two of them were of standard design (Y-jet and effervescent nozzles), and the rest two atomizers were developed as a part of the thesis (so called CFT and inversed effervescent atomizers). Results show that only the inversed effervescent atomizer was capable of generating stable spray under examined conditions due to the specific breakup mechanism. This mechanism is similar to what was observed in effervescent atomizers. Ho
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Books on the topic "Top Spray"

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Hooft, P. C. Zo sprak mijn lief mij toe: De mooiste liefdesgedichten. B. Bakker, 2004.

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J, Dalusky M., Berisford C. Wayne, and United States. Forest Service. Southern Research Station., eds. Nantucket pine tip moth phenology and timing of insecticide spray applications in seven southeastern states. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2000.

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J, Fettig Christopher, and United States. Forest Service. Southern Research Station., eds. Nantucket pine tip moth phenology and timing of insecticide spray applications in the western Gulf Region. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2003.

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Southeastern Forest Experiment Station (Asheville, N.C.), ed. Timing sprays by a heat unit model of spring flight of the Nantucket pine tip moth in North Carolina. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1992.

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Bedford, Michael R., Gary G. Partridge, Milan Hruby, and Carrie L. Walk, eds. Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. 3rd ed. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241563.0000.

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Abstract This third edition explores considerable advances such as the use of enzymes in fish and shrimp diets, new understanding of how phytases function in the animal, NSPase research and enzymes' extended use in ruminant markets. This book also provides comprehensive coverage of all topics relating to the production, use, cooperativity and analysis of feed enzymes. It is fully updated throughout, revealing significant developments such as new methods to deliver enzymes (formulations, encapsulations, and liquid spray systems) and advances in enzyme analysis. It also includes brand new chapte
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Begg, Steven. In-cylinder airflow and fuel spray characteristics for a top-entry, direct injection, gasoline engine. 2003.

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Prace Komisji Spraw Europejskich. Tom I. Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci, 2006.

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Thermal Spray Technology. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.9781627084284.

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Thermal Spray Technology: Accepted Practices is a compendium of documents created by the ASM Thermal Spray Society to describe and explain accepted practices for testing and analysis of thermal spray coatings, with particular emphasis on sample preparation for metallographic examination. The Accepted Practice documentation is intended to provide practical guidance and to augment the information contained in ASTM and other balloted standards. The book also includes an overview of thermal spray processes and applications.
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Rozhljad torhovych (hospodars'kych) sprav v Ukrai͏̈ni ta Nimeččyni: Tom 2. Lohos, 2009.

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Shop, Field, and Maintenance Coating of Metals. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/sspc-pa_1-2024.

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Scope The scope of this standard includes specific as well as general requirements for the application of liquid coatings applied by brush, spray, or roller. Detailed descriptions of site preparation, surface preparation, pretreatments, or selection of primers and finish coats are beyond the scope of this standard. Rationale This revision is the result of the required periodic review of AMPP standards and includes minor revisions to the 2016 version of this standard.
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Book chapters on the topic "Top Spray"

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Holm, Jacob, Eva Rotenberg, and Alice Ryhl. "Splay Top Trees." In Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA). Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977585.ch28.

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Fiedler, Torben, Joachim Rösler, Martin Bäker, et al. "Mechanical Integrity of Thermal Barrier Coatings: Coating Development and Micromechanics." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_19.

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Abstract To protect the copper liners of liquid-fuel rocket combustion chambers, a thermal barrier coating can be applied. Previously, a new metallic coating system was developed, consisting of a NiCuCrAl bond-coat and a Rene 80 top-coat, applied with high velocity oxyfuel spray (HVOF). The coatings are tested in laser cycling experiments to develop a detailed failure model, and critical loads for coating failure were defined. In this work, a coating system is designed for a generic engine to demonstrate the benefits of TBCs in rocket engines, and the mechanical loads and possible coating fail
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Akunjee, Nazmul, Muhammed Akunjee, Dominic Pimenta, et al. "GTN Spray." In The Easy Guide to OSCEs for Final Year Medical Students, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780138736835-84.

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Bambhania, Mehul P., and Nikul K. Patel. "Investigation of Spray Behaviour Simulation to Predict Spray Tip Penetration Under Ultra-High Injection Pressure." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5990-7_20.

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Jiménez, J., F. Castro, F. Tinaut, and B. Giménez. "The Tip Evolution of an Evaporative Intermittent Fuel Spray." In Thermo- and Fluid-dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04925-9_10.

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Cracknell, Roger, R. Wardle, R. Pos, and L. Ganippa. "Effect of diesel injector tip deposits on transient spray behavior." In Proceedings. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12918-7_13.

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Kumar, Raj, Neha Kumari, and David Oupicky. "Spray Dried Particles for Inhalation." In Organ Specific Drug Delivery and Targeting to the Lungs. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003182566-16.

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Nayak, Sandip Kumar, Alok Satapathy, Sisir Mantry, and Laxmidhar Besra. "Plasma Spray Coatings Using Industrial Wastes." In From Waste to Wealth. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7552-5_55.

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Levy, Y. "Back Scattered Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) for Spray Diagnostics." In Applications of Laser Anemometry to Fluid Mechanics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83844-6_14.

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Gopeekrishnan, G., P. Anu Nair, Midhun Das, Sandeep Santhosh, and Tom Mathew. "Experimental Analysis of Fuel Spray Impingement Against the Tip on the Performance of CI Engine." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6267-9_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Top Spray"

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Alali, Abdullah, and Sayee Raghunathan. "Utilizing Thermal Spray Metal Coating Technology to Avoid PWHT." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07174.

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Abstract This paper presents an experience in utilizing Thermal Spray Coating Technology on top of weld build-up of CS Pressure Vessel eroded shell. The column is under rich amine service and had severe erosion on some of its internal surface of the shell. Column trays collapse had directed the flow of hot rich amine into the internal service of the shell causing sever erosion. Wall thickness of eroded area decreased below the minimum thickness Tmin. Minimum required wall thickness was restored by weld build-up in accordance with ASME PCC-2 (Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping). Moreover,
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Duran, Bernardo, and Wade Campbell. "Thermal Spray Duplex Case Study: Coating An In-Service Bridge." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20749.

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Abstract This presentation discusses the preparation and coating of an in-service (in field) bridge that serves as a main thoroughfare in a small town. The coating consisted of thermal spray zinc with a top-coating, also known as a duplex system. The department of transportation (DOT) and bridge owner selected this coating system for corrosion protection and aesthetics. Special focus will be placed on the methods and techniques the contractor used to prepare the substrate steel, including removal of iron oxides and pack rust. Next, the presentation will cover the thermal spray zinc process, an
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Latipov, Rifnur, and David Morton. "Isocyanate Free Water Repellent Top Coat for Offshore Corrosion Protection." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16640.

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Abstract To obtain long term corrosion protection in demanding offshore environments the coating system needs to protect the structure from water to prevent corrosion. We have developed a durable isocyanate free top coat that can actively repel water to provide outstanding protection for offshore steel structures from corrosion. In this paper, the development of a water repellent, isocyanate free top coat is described and the effect of this top coat is compared to conventional coatings. The top coat is tested in a single coating system, applied directly to metal (DTM) and in a two coat system
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Cetin, Kerim M., Barbara A. Shaw, and Len Moskowitz. "Galvanic Corrosion Evaluation of Wear Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95270.

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Abstract This research evaluates the galvanic corrosion resistance of three High-velocity-oxy-fuel and one plasma sprayed coatings on steel substrates coupled to graphite. Galvanic corrosion resistance was measured by coupling the coated steel to graphite through a zero-resistance-ammeter and recording the current flowing between the coated steel and the graphite with time. In addition, superimposition of anodic polarization data for the coated steel panels on top of the cathodic polarization curve for graphite was used to evaluate the protective nature of each of the coatings. In order to und
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Laliberte, L. H., R. G. Miller, B. A. Shaw, and J. A. Escarsega. "An Evaluation of Sacrificial Metallic Coatings for Service Life Extension of U.S. Army Vehicles." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05210.

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Abstract Corrosion costs for United States (U.S.) Army ground vehicles are estimated at $2 billion per year. A study was conducted to evaluate how sacrificial metallic coatings applied on steel by electroplating, galvanizing, spray painting, flame spray (FS), arc spray (AS) and high-velocity particle consolidation (HVPC) enhance the corrosion protection afforded by coating systems. The coatings in this study were Zn, Zn-1Co and Zn-12Ni electroplates; Zn, Zn-5Al and Al-44Zn-1.6Si galvanized coatings, zinc-rich primers, Zn, Al, and Zn-15Al thermal sprays and Zn and Al HVPC. Thickness of the meta
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Suryani, Albertino Prabowo, Aji Samiaji, Rudi Rinaldi, and Farih Mitraningsih. "Top of Line Corrosion in Multiphase Gas Line Operational Feedbacks." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19486.

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Abstract First Top of Line Corrosion (TLC) case was reported in 1999 in Tunu field, and since then, there were several other pipelines from the neighboring fields, installed from 2007 to 2015 that were experiencing TLC and was confirmed using in-line inspections (ILI). The TLC rates were found to be 0.5-1 mm/year in average with the maximum rate of 2-3 mm/yr for gas containing CO2 up to 8.5% and around 80-90 barg operating pressure with 80-90°C inlet temperature. Interestingly, on several pipelines, the maximum corrosion rates happened at about 2-5 kilometers downstream the inlet risers. As pa
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Gunaltun, Yves, and Larry Payne. "A New Technique for the Control of Top of the Line Corrosion: TLCC-PIG." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03344.

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Abstract In wet gas lines, top of line corrosion (TLC) can be controlled by either continuous injection of a neutraliser to decrease the impact of organic acids or batch treatment. In some cases the combination of these two techniques would be necessary. Batch treatment is generally done by placing an inhibitor slug between two pigs. This operation requires generally shut down of the production during preparation/launching of the batch. It is then envisaged to use the inhibited liquid at the bottom of the line to film the top of line surface. In fact TLC takes place in lines with stratified fl
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Neale, Douglas H., and David Butler. "Lifetime General-Purpose Bomb Renovation Using Wire Arc Spray at the Blue Grass Army Depot." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04724.

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Abstract The Blue Grass Army Depot (BGAD) has modified its bomb renovation facility system to incorporate the thermal wire-arc spray (“metallizing”) process for “lifetime” corrosion protection on general-purpose bomb casings. Along with upgrades to existing abrasive blast and conventional painting systems, BGAD retrofitted and integrated a dedicated booth and dust filtration/collection system for spraying 85/15 zinc/aluminum sacrificial alloy in the production renovation conveyor line. Bombs are now brought in from field storage, inspected and grit-blasted to remove existing coatings and corro
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Aktas, Betül, Heli Koivuluoto, Magdalena Rajczakowska, and Andrzej Cwirzen. "Thermally Sprayed Coatings for Concrete Protection in Cold Marine Environments." In ITSC 2025. ASM International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2025p0369.

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Abstract Concrete in cold seawater suffers from freeze-thaw damage (cracking, scaling) and steel corrosion (chloride penetration), increasing maintenance and risking failure. To improve protection, this study investigates a multilayered coating: a sealant top layer over a thermally sprayed zinc bond layer. The coating's long-term durability was tested under icing conditions before and after 96 hours of salt spray. Results show the multilayered coating's icephobic properties remained stable despite corrosion exposure, suggesting it can enhance the lifespan of concrete in harsh marine environmen
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Morton, David, Liliana Madaleno, Benjamin Chaloner-Gill, Martin Quintero, and Amal Al-Borno. "Volumetric Superhydrophobic Coatings for Offshore Corrosion Protection." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11144.

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Abstract In the coatings industry, the development of a durable water repellent / superhydrophobic coating is of high interest to provide greater protection from water/moisture, therefore reducing steel corrosion especially for offshore applications. This study reports the performance of a volumetric water repellent topcoat and a two coat system composed of the water repellent topcoat on the top of an epoxy zinc primer. The anti-corrosive performance of the water repellent coating was evaluated by salt spray tests and the volumetric superhydrophobic effect by contact angle analyses. The prelim
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Reports on the topic "Top Spray"

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แสงเกียรติยุทธ, กนกวรรณ, ปราณี รัตนวลีดิโรจน์, ยุทธนันท์ บุญยงมณีรัตน์, จุมพฏ วานิชสัมพันธ์ та อดิศักดิ์ ถือพลอย. อิทธิพลของโครงสร้างทางจุลภาคต่อสมบัติความต้านทานการกัดกร่อนของ เหล็กเคลือบสังกะสีด้วยไฟฟ้า ปีที่ 2 : รายงานการวิจัยฉบับสมบูรณ์. สถาบันวิจัยโลหะและวัสดุ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2559, 2016. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2016.61.

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การศึกษาอิทธิพลของโครงสร้างทางจุลภาคของแผ่นเหล็กชุบสังกะสีต่อสมบัติความต้านทานการกัดกร่อน ทำได้โดยการชุบเคลือบสังกะสีบนแผ่นเหล็กด้วยสารเคมีเกรดการค้าระบบด่าง โดยใช้กระแสไฟฟ้าในการเคลือบ 3 ชนิด คือ กระแสตรง กระแสพัลส์ และกระแสไซน์ หลังจากการชุบสังกะสีแล้วได้นำชิ้นงานดังกล่าวมาทาพาสซิเวชั่นสีดาและเคลือบด้วยสาร Top coat จากนั้นจึงทำการวิเคราะห์โครงสร้างผลึกของผิวเคลือบด้วยเทคนิค X-ray diffraction และตรวจสอบลักษณะผิวเคลือบด้วยกล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอนแบบส่องกราด และทำการวิเคราะห์ทดสอบสมบัติความต้านทานการกัดกร่อนด้วยวิธี Salt spray test อ้างอิงตามมาตรฐาน ASTM B117 รวมทั้งเทคนิคทางเคมีไฟฟ้า ได้แก่ El
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Mudge, Christopher R., Kurt D. Getsinger, and Benjamin P. Sperry. Simulated Herbicide Spray Retention on Floating Aquatic Plants as Affected by Carrier Volume and Adjuvant Type. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44540.

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Foliar delivery of herbicides is a common means for plant management in aquatic environments. Though this technique is decades old, little is known about vegetative spray retention relative to this application method. A more complete understanding of maximizing herbicide retention could lead to improved plant management while simultaneously decreasing pesticide load in aquatic environments. Therefore, outdoor mesocosm experiments were conducted in 2020 to evaluate the effect of adjuvant type on foliar spray retention in waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms]. Additionally, the effe
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McConnachie, Glen, Laura Kenny, Howard Mason, Paul Johson, Ken Nwoko, and Rachel Kerr. Ensuring improved isocyanate exposure assessment to better protect health. HSE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.69730/hse.24rr1199.

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Isocyanates is one of the leading causes of occupational asthma in Great Britain. Spray painting, coatings and adhesives, flexible foam and polyurethane resin production. Effective control of isocyanate exposure in the workplace.MDHS 25/4.
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Arnold, Joshua, and Harold Winnie. DTPH56-15-H-CAAP06 Mitigating Pipeline Corrosion using a Smart Thermal Spraying Coating System. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011767.

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Madrzykowski, Daniel, and Nicholas Dow. Residential Flashover Prevention with Reduced Water Flow: Phase 1. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/jegf7178.

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This study was designed to be an initial step to investigate the potential of low flow nozzles as part of a retrofit flashover prevention system in residential homes with limited water supplies. Not all homes have water supplies that can meet the needs of a residential sprinkler system. Current alter- natives, such as including a supplemental tank and pump, increase the cost of the system. These homes could benefit from an effective fire safety system with lower water supply requirements. The experiments in this study were conducted in a steel test structure which consisted of a fire room atta
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Research, Gratis. Intranasal Influenza Vaccine. Gratis Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/gr.blog.13.

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Intranasal vaccine is a novel candidate that could improve the current injectable vaccine for the to prevent seasonal influenza epidemics. Influenza intranasal spray vaccine causes a local antibody response.
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Sirignano, W. A. An Integrated Approach to Spray Combustion Model Development. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada181717.

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Archambault, M., R. W. MacCormack, and C. F. Edwards. A Maximum Entropy Moment Closure Approach to Describing Spray Flows. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397975.

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Yulin Deng and Junyong Zhu. SURFACTANT SPRAY: A NOVEL TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE FLOTATION DEINKING PERFORMANCE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/860481.

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Green, J., and K. Almenas. Containment atmosphere response to external sprays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/107787.

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