Relevant bibliographies by topics / Total extra cost

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  4. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Total extra cost'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Total extra cost"

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I.A., Yusuf, Aiyelari E.A., and A. Lawal F. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SORGHUM/SOYABEAN INTERCROP SYSTEMS BY PARTIAL BUDGET IN THE GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA." Continental J. Agricultural Economics 8, no. 1 (2014): 9–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.810380.

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Five sorghum/soyabean planting schedules intercrop were evaluated in a field experiment at Mokwa (Guinea savannah) in Nigeria, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons with a view of determining the planting schedule that will result in the highest net benefits. Experimental design was randomize complete block (RCB) with three replicates. Soyabean variety TGX1019-2EB was drilled on the crest of the ridge, while sorghum seedlings were transplanted on the lower side of the ridge. The following sorghum/soyabean intercrop treatments were evaluated: (1) Sorg + Soy 0DAPS: Sorghum seedlings intercro
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I.A., Yusuf, Aiyelari E.A., Lawal F.A., Alawode V.O., and Bissallah G. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MAIZE/SOYABEAN INTERCROP SYSTEMS BY PARTIAL BUDGET IN THE GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA." Continental J. Agricultural Economics 8, no. 1 (2014): 9–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.810382.

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Seven soyabean/maize planting schedule intercrop were evaluated in a field experiment at Mokwa (Guinea savannah agro-ecology) in Nigeria, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons with a view of determining the planting schedule that will result in the highest net benefit. Experimental design was randomize complete block (RCB) with three replicates. Soyabean variety TGX1448-2E was intercropped with maize variety ACR-DMR-SRY using the following planting schedules: (1) Maize planted at 14 Days Before Planting Soyabean(14DBPS), (2) Maize planted at 7 Days Before Planting Soyabean(7DBPS), (3) Maiz
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Aslam, Mohammad. "A Prospective Study of Total Extra Peritoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair Fixation versus no Fixation of Mesh." International Journal of Surgery & Surgical Techniques 8, no. 2 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijsst-16000218.

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Background: The necessity of mesh fixation in laparoscopic totally extra peritoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair remains controversial. We performed a single-center prospective study to compare the effectiveness of mesh fixation versus nonfixation in laparoscopic TEP repair. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, from August 2021 to July 2023. All patients admitted to the General surgical unit with uncomplicated inguinal hernias were included. A total of 96 patients were included
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Layard, R., D. Clark, M. Knapp, and G. Mayraz. "Cost-benefit analysis of psychological therapy." National Institute Economic Review 202 (October 2007): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950107086171.

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At present six million people are suffering from clinical depression or anxiety disorders, but only a quarter of them are in treatment. NICE Guidelines prescribe the offer of evidence-based psychological therapy, but they are not implemented, due to lack of therapists within the NHS. We therefore estimate the economic costs and benefits of providing psychological therapy to people not now in treatment. The cost to the governement would be fully covered by the savings in incapacity benefits and extra taxes that result from more people being able to work. On our estimates, the cost could be reco
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Tye, Cooper, Jad Lawand, and Vincent Moretti. "The cost-effectiveness of an additional surgical scrub in reducing prosthetic joint infections in total hip and knee arthroplasty." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 10, no. 4 (2024): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20241696.

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Background: Surgical skin preparation prior to total knee and hip arthroplasty is an important step in infection prevention. Compared to a single application, repeat skin preparation after draping demonstrates greater efficacy in reducing the overall occurrence of surgical site infections in total joint arthroplasty. We sought to find if the addition of an extra surgical scrub after draping is a cost-effective means of decreasing prosthetic joint infection (PJI), and if so, under what conditions it would be most cost-effective. Methods: We employed a model to assess the cost-effectiveness of r
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Yan, Qingyou, and Qian Zhang. "The Optimization of Transportation Costs in Logistics Enterprises with Time-Window Constraints." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/365367.

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This paper presents a model for solving a multiobjective vehicle routing problem with soft time-window constraints that specify the earliest and latest arrival times of customers. If a customer is serviced before the earliest specified arrival time, extra inventory costs are incurred. If the customer is serviced after the latest arrival time, penalty costs must be paid. Both the total transportation cost and the required fleet size are minimized in this model, which also accounts for the given capacity limitations of each vehicle. The total transportation cost consists of direct transportation
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Alevizakos, Michail, Apostolos Gaitanidis, and Leonard Joseph Appleman. "Quantification of the financial burden of antineoplastic agent price increases." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): 6519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.6519.

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6519 Background: Antineoplastic medication prices are overall increasing yet this phenomenon is not limited to new medications but can also be observed in already established medications. Methods: We accessed the yearly payment files from Medicare Part B for injectable antineoplastic agents (codes J8501-J9999) for the years 2010-2017 and all costs were adjusted to 2017 USD to adjust for inflation. We then calculated the price-per-dose for every medication and compared that price with the price-per-dose that the medication would have if its initial price was only affected by inflation. We subse
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Enyindah, Ndamzia Clement, and Rex Kemkom Amadi. "Using Diagnosis and Life Cycle Cost to Improve Reliability of an Excavator." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 3 (2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.3.1107.

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Diagnosing of equipment before actual failure and reduced total ownership cost of excavator (TOC) is a significant issue for the mining and civil construction industries to unavoidably consider. Consequences of prolonged project execution time and extra cost due to sudden breakdowns are better minimized by studying the reliability of the equipment and having knowledge of life cycle cost model which was used in this research to ascertain the economic replacement time and cost of an excavator. Results from life cycle cost analysis carried out on an excavator show that the replacement time and to
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Enyindah, Ndamzia Clement, and Rex Kemkom Amadi. "Using Diagnosis and Life Cycle Cost to Improve Reliability of an Excavator." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 3 (2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.3.1107.

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Diagnosing of equipment before actual failure and reduced total ownership cost of excavator (TOC) is a significant issue for the mining and civil construction industries to unavoidably consider. Consequences of prolonged project execution time and extra cost due to sudden breakdowns are better minimized by studying the reliability of the equipment and having knowledge of life cycle cost model which was used in this research to ascertain the economic replacement time and cost of an excavator. Results from life cycle cost analysis carried out on an excavator show that the replacement time and to
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MOL, Ben W., Lan N. VUONG, Tam M. LUU, et al. "Can We Identify Subgroups in Which ICSI is Cost-Effective Over IVF: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Clinical Trial." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (2022): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740644.

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Background: The use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has increased substantially worldwide, primarily in couples with non-male factor infertility. We recently published the results of a large randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing ICSI and IVF showing no significant improvement of ICSI over IVF in couples with normal semen concentration and motility. Here, we assess the cost-effectiveness of ICSI in these couples, with additional attention for subgroups. Aim: To assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ICSI versus IVF in relation to sperm morphology. Method: We perform
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Book chapters on the topic "Total extra cost"

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Cain, Lisa, and Katerina Berezina. "Robo-Tipping: Are Customers Game?" In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_20.

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AbstractThis study sought to investigate customer attitudes towards tipping robotic employees in bars. A convenience sample of participants who were 21 years of age or older and who had patronized a bar was recruited using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform. Of the 102 usable responses, only 15 participants had experienced robotic bartender service. Only 11 individuals (10.8%) in total said they would tip a robot; 10 of those were respondents who had acutally experienced robotic bartenders, representing 67% of that subsample. Participants listed efficiency and required maintenance as reasons fo
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Rodrigues, Neshwin, Raghav Pachouri, Shubham Thakare, G. Renjith, and Thomas Spencer. "Integrating Wind and Solar in the Indian Power System." In Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38215-5_7.

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AbstractIndia’s coal contribution to the total electricity generation mix stood at 73% in 2018. To meet India’s NDC ambitions, the federal government announced determined targets to integrate 450 GW Renewable Energy in the grid by 2030. This paper explores the pathways to integrate high RE generation by 2030 with effective balancing of supply and demand and associated challenges of flexibility requirements. A Unit commitment and economic dispatch model, which simulates the power system operation was used. The overall share of variable renewables reaches 26% and 32% in the Baseline Capacity Sce
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N. Tasaki, Abigail, and Ken Tasaki. "Mitigation of Environmental Impact of Intensive Animal Farming through Conversion of Animal Wastes to Valued-Added Products." In Intensive Animal Farming - A Cost-Effective Tactic [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105131.

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The environmental impact of concentrated animal farming operations has become serious social issues, with the livestock wastes contaminating waterways and groundwaters and generating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are responsible for more than half the total GHG emissions in agricultural activities in the U.S. These impacts are mostly due to the current practice of spraying manure or manure digestate on croplands. We have recently developed two novel processes not only to mitigate the impacts stemming from the current manure management practice but also to bring in extra revenues to lives
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Pierre, Samuel. "Mobility Management in Mobile Computing and Networking Environments." In Mobile Computing. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-054-7.ch056.

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This chapter analyzes and proposes some mobility management models and schemes by taking into account their capability to reduce search and location update costs in wireless mobile networks. The first model proposed is called the built-in memory model; it is based on the architecture of the IS-41 network and aims at reducing the home-location-register (HLR) access overhead. The performance of this model was investigated by comparing it with the IS-41 scheme for different call-to-mobility ratios (CMRs). Experimental results indicate that the proposed model is potentially beneficial for large cl
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Balanagu, Haranatha Babu, Tatavarti SVS Gopala Krishna, Ramesh Cheruvu, and Buchi N. Nalluri. "Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Quantification of Parecoxib in Parecoxib Injection." In Current Trends in Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery (CTD4-2022). Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837671090-00199.

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and optimize lyophilization cycle time for the manufacturing of Parecoxib Injection than reported longer lyophilization cycle times. Optimization of lyophilization cycle time reduces the manufacturing costs since lyophilization process involves longer times which incurs cost to the finished product. Optimization of lyophilization cycle was done by using inputs from the results of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Impedance analysis. HPLC method was developed for quantification of Parecoxib Active Ph
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Holm Jürgen, Kammermann Fabian, Noser Philipp, Sariyar Murat, and Bürkle Thomas. "Streamlining Hospital IT – Improving the Admission Process." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-961-4-45.

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We analyzed the admission workflow in three Swiss hospitals of different size for normal and emergency admissions. Our goal was to detect shortcomings mainly in the administrative admission process due to media breaks. We obtained 9 different workflows (three per hospital) and a total of 22 shortcomings in the admission process which were present or likely in two or more of the hospitals. A considerable number could be traced back to missing information requiring time consuming extra work. We drafted five potential IT-based workflow changes and made, together with the hospital partners, a cost
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Francis, Alexander, Doron Joffe, Lan Xu, Neil Stacey, and David Rubin. "Feasibility of repurposing hollow fibre membrane dialysers for oxygenating blood in resource constrained environments." In Medical Devices Innovation for Africa: enabling industrialisation. University of Cape Town Libraries, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/uctlib40387.

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Previous research has demonstrated the viability of kidney dialysers repurposed as extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation devices to provide sufficient supplemental oxygen support for those suffering from COVID-19. This study focused on determining the mass transfer coefficient for carbon dioxide in kidney dialyser cartridges at varying pH levels. CO2 mass transfer coefficients of 5.5 and 6.95 𝑚𝑔/𝑘𝑝𝑎∙𝑚𝑖𝑛 were achieved, depending on the type of hollow fibre membrane dialyser — this corresponds to a CO2 removal rate of between of 80% and 90% of the total CO2 produced by the body. The mass transfer
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Prashanth, N. A., and P. Venkatareddy. "Performance Comparison of Equilibrium Optimization Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Gravitational Search Algorithm to the Design Optimization of Wind Turbine PMSG." In Futuristic Projects in Energy and Automation Sectors: A Brief Review of New Technologies Driving Sustainable Development. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815080537123010009.

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This research optimises the design of a permanent magnet synchronous generator to meet the output power needs of a small direct-drive wind turbine. Extra care has been taken to reduce the generator's total volume to reduce expenses. The proposed method aims to reduce the cost of PMSG by reducing its volume. In this study, the optimal values of PMSG parameters for minimising the overall volume of the PMSG generator while maintaining its output power at the rated value are determined. To estimate the optimal values of design parameters, three algorithms have been considered. Equilibrium Optimiza
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Blau, Joel. "Homelessness and Social Policy." In The Visible Poor. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195057430.003.0011.

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Abstract Only 8 percent of the population is self-employed. For the vast majority of people, then, there are only two ways of getting money from a private pension or salary working for somebody else, or from a government social program. When workers in private industry get a bigger salary, the extra money either comes out of potential increases in managerial salaries, or from the profits of owners and stockholders. Similarly, when the government raises the salaries of public sector employees or increases social benefits to recipients, taxpayers must pay more to finance the additional cost. In
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Crowe, Rupert W. A. "Chapter 15 Exploration and Mining in China by an International Company: Experience from the Caijiaying Operation." In Mineral Deposits of China. Society of Economic Geologists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.22.15.

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Abstract The Caijiaying Zn-Au-Ag-Pb mine is located in northern Hebei Province 85 km north-northeast of Zhangjiakou city on the northern edge of the North China block. It was one of the first base-metal mines started by a foreign company in China since the reform and opening led by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s. The deposits were discovered in 1959 as a series of gossans and later exploration by Chinese geologists led to definition of a 62-million-tonne (Mt) resource containing 2.9 Mt of contained zinc metal, as well as by-product Au, Ag, and Pb. The orebodies were originally interpreted as
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Conference papers on the topic "Total extra cost"

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Aamodt, Michael. "High Performance Water-Borne Coatings for Heavy Duty Corrosion Protection." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04008.

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Abstract Water-borne coatings accounts for less than 3% of the total heavy duty (HD) protective coating market in Europe. There is however an increasing use of water-borne coatings in typical HD protective coating market segments such as infrastructure, oil & gas, power, tankage, marine and chemical industry. The average growth rate (AGR) for water-borne coating technology is surpassing the AGR for conventional solvent-borne coatings, mainly due to an increased focus on health and environmental issues and implementation of environmental legislation in EU and NAFTA. An increasing number of
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Trapote-Barreira, César, Andreas Deutschmann, and Francesc Robusté. "Managing airlines: the cost of complexity." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4092.

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This paper is dedicated to the structure of airline networks as a sink of efficient airline operations. Parameters of complexity were derived and mirrored on level of service as well as efficiency parameters. Airlines usually considerers an operational overhead to predict the total flight operation cost. This parameter includes the expected cost for disruptions and delays. When an airline has to mobilize an aircraft in a base for recovering the service or for breaking an emergent dynamic, then it is running extra costs. The cost of managing complexity in the airline industry has a direct impac
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Fain, Brandon, William Fan, and Kamesh Munagala. "Concentration of Distortion: The Value of Extra Voters in Randomized Social Choice." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/16.

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We study higher statistical moments of Distortion for randomized social choice in a metric implicit utilitarian model. The Distortion of a social choice mechanism is the expected approximation factor with respect to the optimal utilitarian social cost (OPT). The k'th moment of Distortion is the expected approximation factor with respect to the k'th power of OPT. We consider mechanisms that elicit alternatives by randomly sampling voters for their favorite alternative. We design two families of mechanisms that provide constant (with respect to the number of voters and alternatives) k'th moment
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Al-Sawi, Kamel Abdelhamid, Mahmoud Ibrahim Hegazy, Mohamed Abdelmonsef Abu Halawa, and Mohamed Said Atwa. "How to Achieve Excellence through Project Execution and Cost Optimization." In Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214279-ms.

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Abstract Project planning and execution are vital in the oil and gas industry due to their high impact on operational efficiency. failure in project planning or delay in its execution will significantly impact project expenditures, Asset OPEX, and generated revenues from this asset. In line with Kuwait energy Egypt project management guidelines and company strategy to excel in project management and operational efficiency; The following variables were used to solve the problem: Standardization of Engineering and construction of oilfield surface facilities, this will allow access for modificati
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Dasuki, Nurul Ain, Kit Teng Chaw, Siti Nurdyana Zamdy, and Maurice Polycarp. "High Gain, Low-Cost Production Optimization of Brownfield in Sarawak Offshore." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22448-ea.

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Abstract In the quest to unlock extra barrels in this challenging oil and gas environment, operator had decided to pursue low-cost oil gain via surface facilities optimization. It is becoming more important than ever to ensure the production system is managed optimally. This initiative was rolled out to all its brownfield asset located at offshore Sarawak. To achieve this objective, Integrated Network Modelling (INM) was conducted to identify facilities bottleneck and optimization opportunities. A structured workflow was utilized to ensure a thorough assessment prior going into full field impl
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Alpuche, Mari´a G., Irene Marincic, Jose´ M. Ochoa, Hugo C. Moreno, and Paloma Giottonini. "Thermal Analysis of Low-Cost Dwellings in Mexico Using Greenroofs." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54610.

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According to the National Energy Balance (1), the electricity consumption in the residential and commercial sector represents thirty-three percent of the total consumed in the country. Most of the energy is consumed during the summer, when it is necessary to use air conditioning to maintain comfort conditions inside buildings. This aspect takes relevance in warm-dry climates, where a deficient design of building envelope and a wrong location of windows can increase the thermal loads producing an extra load to air conditioning systems and high costs by electricity energy consumption. For this r
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West, Timothy N., and Jeffrey D. Spitler. "Tools for automated circuiting of large vertical borehole fields – a preliminary investigation." In International Ground Source Heat Pump Association. International Ground Source Heat Pump Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22488/okstate.24.000003.

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Recent developments in automated vertical borehole ground heat exchanger design tools can reduce the required engineering time and improve the resulting ground heat exchanger designs by taking full advantage of available property. However, current practice when designing irregularly shaped borefields is to minimize the total drilling rather than the installation cost or life cycle cost of the system. Total drilling can serve as a proxy for total installation cost, but neglecting the cost of horizontal piping and trenching may be misleading in some circumstances. This paper describes the initia
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Kuncova, Martina. "Electricity supplier selection by a household in the Czech Republic in 2017 and 2018 – Monte Carlo simulation approach." In The 7th International Workshop on Simulation for Energy, Sustainable Development & Environment. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.sesde.002.

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The situation on the electricity retail market in the Czech Republic is not clear because of the number of suppliers and its products. Although the information about the prices for the electricity consumption for households is available on the web and each household can change the supplier nearly with no extra effort and cost, households are still often not familiar with the individual price items of the products. In this article the analysis of the Czech electricity market from the distribution rate D25d point of view is made for the years 2017-2018 when the household annual consumption is si
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Mohd Nordin, Ahmad Syahmi, and Ahmad Fateh Mohamad Nor. "Development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) Platform for Sizing A Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (PV) System." In Conference on Faculty Electric and Electronic 2020/1. Penerbit UTHM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30880/eeee.2020.01.01.003.

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The research presented in this project focuses on the development of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) platform for sizing a grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) System. The GUI is designed to have the capability to sizing the load consumption and determine the usage of every component for the grid-connected PV system, costing and return on investment (ROI). System sizing is vital because to ensure all the equipment that is used not producing extra energy needed which related to the costing and ROI. This GUI can show all the procedures system sizing from load consumption until the return on investm
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Sanaei, Roozbeh, Kevin Otto, Katja Hölttä-Otto, and Jianxi Luo. "Trade-Off Analysis of System Architecture Modularity Using Design Structure Matrix." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46403.

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Product modularity has been the subject of considerable research and debate in last decade. Various metrics have been proposed in design community to measure the level of modularity and various procedures have been developed to search for ideal modular architectures. These procedures are based on either manual heuristics or computer clustering algorithms. Both approaches are aimed at finding more ideal architectures by optimizing a definition of modularity. However, different desirable criteria are often in conflict with each other and improving one criteria is not feasible without a compromis
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Reports on the topic "Total extra cost"

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Chioda, Laura, David Contreras-Loya, Paul Gertler, and Dana Carney. Making Entrepreneurs: The Return to Training Youth in Hard versus Soft Business Skills. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/crpp11.

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We study the medium-term impacts of the Skills for Effective Entrepreneurship Development (SEED) program, an innovative in-residence 3-week mini-MBA program for high school students modeled after western business school curricula and adapted to the Ugandan context. The program featured two separate treatments: the hard skills MBA features a mix of approximately 75% hard skills and 25% soft skills; the soft skills curriculum has the reverse mix. Using data on 4,400 youth from a nationally representative sample in a 3-arm field experiment in Uganda, the 3.5 year follow-up demonstrated that train
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Lunn, Pete, Marek Bohacek, Jason Somerville, Áine Ní Choisdealbha, and Féidhlim McGowan. PRICE Lab: An Investigation of Consumers’ Capabilities with Complex Products. ESRI, 2016. https://doi.org/10.26504/bkmnext306.

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Executive Summary This report describes a series of experiments carried out by PRICE Lab, a research programme at the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) jointly funded by the Central Bank of Ireland, the Commission for Energy Regulation, the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission and the Commission for Communications Regulation. The experiments were conducted with samples of Irish consumers aged 18-70 years and were designed to answer the following general research question: At what point do products become too complex for consumers to choose accurately between the good ones
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