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Journal articles on the topic 'Total leakage current'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Amir, Hesam Khavari, Munir Abdullah, and Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain. "Circuit-based method for extracting the resistive leakage current of metal oxide surge arrester." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 6 (2020): 2213–21. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i6.2258.

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Resistive leakage current based condition assessment of metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA) is one of the most extensively employed technique to monitor its degradation. An extraction method is customarily required to extract the resistive component from the total leakage current. The existing methods to extract the resistive current are complex and less accurate. Therefore, this paper describes a simple and accurate circuit-based method to extract the resistive current using equivalent model and measured leakage current of the arrester. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated through e

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2

A., Din, A. M. Piah M., R. Abdullah A., Norddin N., and S. Abdullah F. "Leakage current signal parameter of various surface roughness conditions of field-aged polymer insulators." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 2 (2020): 638–45. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp638-645.

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This paper presents the signal parameter of leakage current based on various surface roughness degradation conditions for field-aged high voltage polymer insulators. The arithmetical mean of surface roughness is measured accordingly, and also the surface leakage current signal is captured effectively using data acquisition device via the electrical stress test. With the variation of fieldaged insulators ages which include 6-year, 12-year and 18-year, they have been mechanically tested using a surface roughness tester along with electrical testing by using the standard method of inclined plane

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3

Kim, Hyung Chul, Moon Seob Han, Hyun June Park, Dong Uk Jang, Gyung Suk Kil, and Nirmal Kumar Nair. "Consideration of Uncertainty in Diagnosis for Railway Arrester." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1507.

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This paper presents a method for diagnosis of railway arrester considering uncertainty. Arresters, a protective device that prevents damage due to transient voltages, deteriorate due to the absorption of moisture, repetitive operation during over-voltages and manufacturing defects. Various diagnostic techniques are available for monitoring deterioration of arresters. The technique based on the amplitude of leakage current measures the root mean square or peak values of leakage current components. After measuring the total leakage current, harmonics of leakage current components are analyzed by

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4

Agrawal, Pankaj, and Nikhil Saxena. "Leakage current analysis for stack based Nano CMOS Digital Circuits." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 2, no. 2 (2014): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.020202.

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Due to the growing impact of subthreshold and gate leakage, static leakage is contributing more and more towards the power dissipation in deep submicron Nano CMOS technology. There have been many works on subthreshold leakage and techniques to reduce it, such as controlling the input vector to the circuit in standby mode, forcing stack and body bias control. In this tutorial paper we have reviewed the leakage current with change in drain source, gate and bulk voltages for 4 different submicron technologies using the latest PTM models. Simulation result shows the effect of gate leakage and subt

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5

Anil, S. Khopkar, and S. Pandya Katik. "Online Condition Monitoring Technique for Metal Oxide Surge Arresters Based on Leakage Current Components." Engineering and Technology Journal 10, no. 03 (2025): 4095–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15031429.

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Metal Oxide Surge Arresters (MOSA) are connected in the system for protection of power system against over voltages. MOSA behaves as an insulator under normal working condition and offers conductive path under over voltage condition.  Zinc oxide elements (ZnO Blocks) having non-linear voltage-current characteristics is used in construction of MOSA. Ageing effect under various operating conditions such as pollution, moisture ingress caused degradation of MOSA. Degradation of zinc oxide elements increase the leakage current flowing through it which can create thermal runaway conditions for

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6

Lira, George R. S., and Edson G. Costa. "MOSA Monitoring Technique Based on Analysis of Total Leakage Current." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 28, no. 2 (2013): 1057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2013.2242496.

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7

Mohd, Azhar Aina Suhailah, Maaspaliza Azri, Halim Wahidah Abd, Md Hairul Nizam Talib, Zulhani Rasin, and Mohd Fayzul Mohammed. "Hysteresis current control for single-phase transformerless inverter." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 14, no. 1 (2025): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v14.i1.pp1-10.

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The total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid current and leakage current are significant for transformerless inverters, as they impact power quality, efficiency, and compliance with grid codes. Monitoring and minimizing these currents ensure safe and reliable grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems while reducing electromagnetic interference. Therefore, in this paper, the analysis THD of grid current and leakage current is described. The bipolar pulse width modulation (BPWM) technology provides a stable common-mode voltage (200 V), fewer leakage currents (< 30 mA), and better system ef

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8

Mohd Azhar, Aina Suhailah, Maaspaliza Azri, Wahidah Abd Halim, Md Hairul Nizam Talib, Zulhani Rasin, and Mohd Fayzul Mohammed. "Hysteresis current control for single-phase transformerless inverter." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 14, no. 1 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v14.i1.pp1-10.

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The total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid current and leakage current are significant for transformerless inverters, as they impact power quality, efficiency, and compliance with grid codes. Monitoring and minimizing these currents ensure safe and reliable grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems while reducing electromagnetic interference. Therefore, in this paper, the analysis THD of grid current and leakage current is described. The bipolar pulse width modulation (BPWM) technology provides a stable common-mode voltage (200 V), fewer leakage currents (&lt; 30 mA), and better syste

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9

Md, Aftab Alam, V. A. V. Prasad S, and Asim Mohammed. "Design of Photovoltaic H6 -Type Transformerless Inverter Topology to Minimize Leakage Current." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 27 (2023): 2068–75. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i27.1051.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> A leakage current issue that was mitigated by isolation transformers in a grid-connected photovoltaic system must now be addressed by the converters themselves. The paper presents the H6 inverter topology that solved the leakage current problem at the same time as maintaining a high efficiency and a low total harmonic distortion [THD]. <strong>Methods:</strong> Inverter topology H6 has been designed to reduce leakage current. A comparison of performance has been done using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Efficiency, leakage currents, and common mo

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10

Xia, Xing-Yu, Feng Zhang, Shu Pan, et al. "Research on Leakage Current Waveform Spectrum Characteristics of Artificial Pollution Composite Insulator." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 19, no. 5 (2024): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2024.3596.

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In order to know about the change features of leakage current during the pollution flashover process of composite insulators, the study of the pollution flashover test on composite insulator under the pollutional condition is presented in the artificial fog cabinet. The characteristics of leakage current waveforms in time-domain and frequency-domain are measured and analyzed during the test. The analysis results show that there is a strong correlation among the fundamental harmonic, the third harmonic and fifth harmonic. The characteristics of leakage current spectrum are represented by the ma

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11

Datta, Deepanjan. "Study of Leakage Current in Novel Nanoscale Device Architecture depending on Doping Profile." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 3, no. 2 (2006): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2006.3012.

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In this paper, we look into the reduction in leakage components of a fully depleted (FD) nanoscale double-gate (DG) MOSFET architecture. Here, we have developed an numerical model for PCHEM-DG MOSFET followed by the gate-controlled band-to-band tunneling leakage and gate leakage currents in the device of 10 nm gate length and observed the reduction in the leakage components over bulk-MOSFETs. Various leakage current components have been discussed and their variations with respect to bias and device parameters are presented. The results have been compared and contrasted with standard device sim

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12

Shevchenko, Sergey, and Igor Borzenkov. "Study of changes in leakage currents under a contaminated and moistened surface of insulators of the PS-6B, PS-120A, PSD-70E types of overhead power lines." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (6) (July 9, 2023): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2023.01.07.

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In the process of operation, insulators are exposed to repeated pollution and atmospheric influences. This is due to the removal of pollutants from industrial metallurgical enterprises, chemical plants and their deposition on the surface of insulators near power transmission lines. In normal operation, when the insulators are dirty, but their surface is not wetted, the active component of the total leakage current can be neglected. It is another matter when the surface of the contaminated insulator is intensively moistened by atmospheric influences, for example: rain, fog, dew, respectively, a

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13

Din, A., M. A. M. Piah, A. R. Abdullah, N. Norddin, and F. S. Abdullah. "Leakage current signal parameter of various surface roughness conditions of field-aged polymer insulators." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 2 (2020): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp638-645.

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This paper presents the signal parameter of leakage current based on various surface roughness degradation conditions for field-aged high voltage polymer insulators. The arithmetical mean of surface roughness is measured accordingly, and also the surface leakage current signal is captured effectively using data acquisition device via the electrical stress test. With the variation of field-aged insulators ages which include 6-year, 12-year and 18-year, they have been mechanically tested using a surface roughness tester along with electrical testing by using the standard method of inclined plane

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14

Jayabalan, Dr Muralidharan, and Aswini Valluri. "Leakage Current Alleviation Techniques for SRAM Cell." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 1s5 (2019): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a1027.1291s519.

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Due to the tremendous increase in the call of handheld devices like mobile, iPods and tablets; certain applications like space and biomedical, it is necessary to have low power consuming digital systems. As a crucial part in digital systems,Static Random Access Memory(SRAM) should consume low power since it occupies about 70% of the total chip area. As the technology is shrinking, SRAM’s leakage power in standby condition is becoming a most critical concern for the low power applications. This paper gives a study of different leakage components present in SRAM and discusses about various curre

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15

KUMAR, K. KEERTI, and N. BHEEMA RAO. "POWER GATING TECHNIQUE USING FinFET FOR MINIMIZATION OF SUB-THRESHOLD LEAKAGE CURRENT." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 08 (2014): 1450109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614501096.

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In this paper, a novel power gating method has been proposed with the combination of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic and FinFET for better sub-threshold leakage current minimization. Sub-threshold leakage currents take the paramount part in overall contribution to total power dissipation which comprises of scaling and power reduction. Power gating technique takes up priority among the different leakage current reduction mechanisms. The novel approach has been applied to a CMOS inverter and a two input CMOS NAND gate. The inverter simulated with high threshold voltage metal

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16

BLAAUW, DAVID, STEVE MARTIN, TREVOR MUDGE, and KRISZTIAN FLAUTNER. "LEAKAGE CURRENT REDUCTION IN VLSI SYSTEMS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 11, no. 06 (2002): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126602000665.

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There is a growing need to analyze and optimize the stand-by component of power in digital circuits designed for portable and battery-powered applications. Since these circuits remain in stand-by (or sleep) mode significantly longer than in active mode, their stand-by current, and not their active switching current, determines their battery life. Hence, stringent specifications are being placed on the stand-by (or leakage) current drawn by such devices. As the power supply voltage is reduced, the threshold voltage of transistors is scaled down to maintain a constant switching speed. Since redu

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17

Song, Peilin, Stas Polonsky, Franco Stellari, et al. "CMOS IC Diagnostics Using the Light Emission from Off-State Leakage Currents (LEOSLC)." EDFA Technical Articles 7, no. 3 (2005): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2005-3.p014.

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Abstract Off-state leakage currents account for roughly half of the total current is today’s ICs, and with each new generation of technology, the problem is getting worse. Failure analysts, however, see things differently. Light emission associated with leakage current is a rich source of information about the operation of ICs. In this article, the authors explain how they use this light to monitor logic states, measure temperatures, analyze cross-talk and power distribution noise, and diagnose broken scan chains. Light emission from off-state leakage current (LEOSLC) is shown to be especially

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18

Nguyen, Khanh Thac, Linh Ngoc Kim, Sy Tien Nguyen, and Giang Truong Nguyen. "Research, design, manufacture leakage current protection device for 660V/1140V underground mine electrical networks." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2020.61(5).11.

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This paper presents the results of researching, designing and manufacturing leakage current protection device for 660 V/1140 V ungrounded three-phase electrical networks. The outstanding features of the device are: ability to create wide deformation characteristic; automatically detect and grounded the leakage phase. Device test results show that relay operation time for symmetrical and asymmetric leak resistors are 30 kΩ/60 kΩ per phase and 20 kΩ /50 kΩ for 660 V/1.140 V networks respectively. The total operating time of the device when single phase leaking through a 1 kΩ resistor not excee

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19

Zhou, Xuan, Fei Liu, Lisheng Luo, Shiman Peng, and Junlong Xie. "Study on the Leakage Diagnosis of a Chilled Water Pipeline Network System Based on Pressure Variation Rate Analysis for Climate Change Mitigation." Buildings 15, no. 8 (2025): 1384. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081384.

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In the context of increasing climate variability and extreme weather, chilled water systems face mounting challenges due to amplified heating and cooling demands and prevalent pipe leakages. Such leakages reduce system lifespan, raise maintenance costs, and degrade operational efficiency. To overcome the limitations of current methods, such as insufficient interpretability and computational complexity in leak localization, this paper proposes a novel leakage diagnosis and localization scheme based on pressure variation rate analysis in closed chilled water pipeline networks. Hydraulic models u

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20

Pratama, Bagus Ardita. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Nano Coating on Ceramic Insulators on Leakage Current Characteristics." Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS) 5, no. 2 (2025): 203–13. https://doi.org/10.47540/ijias.v5i2.1870.

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Ceramic insulator components have high popularity because the majority of electrical distribution systems in Indonesia use ceramic insulators. Ceramic insulators have advantages in mechanical strength, but the nature of the surface material makes it easy to absorb water, which can accelerate aging and increase leakage current when used in high-pollution areas. This research will test the effect of salt and fly ash contaminants on the leakage current characteristics of ceramic insulators. Furthermore, it will be tested the effect of nano coating on the leakage current characteristics of ceramic

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21

Suwanasri, Thanapong, and Cattareeya Suwanasri. "Development of On-Line Monitoring for Power Transformer Bushing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.384.

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This paper presents the development of on-line monitoring for condenser type bushing of power transformer in order to detect a degradation of bushing and to provide the alarm before bushing failure. For the bushing degradation analysis, the capacitance and power factor of bushing internal insulation are on-line monitored and measured by installing the sensing device at the test tap of bushing. The changing of internal insulation capacitance leads to the change of voltage across tap capacitor and the change of leakage current through bushing insulation at the test tab. Such changes result in th

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22

Yuan, Zhi Jian. "A New Method of the Touch/Leakage Protection without Dead-Zone Considering the Phase Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 3395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.3395.

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After investigating the residual current protection and its major deficiencies, it is found out that the touch/Leakage current could be separated from the total residual current by the current separation technology , which is based on the phase relationship between normal residual current and touch/leakage current. A novel leakage current protection principle without protection dead-zone is proposed .The proposed method, which is put into practice on DSP , proves to be accurate and feasible in digital simulations. Compared to the existing techniques based on the residual current amplitude or i

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23

Nakano, Makito, Akira Saito, and Nobuyuki Wada. "Changes in the Electrical Conduction Mechanism with the Electrical Degradation of BaTiO₃-Based Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 388 (September 2008): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.388.201.

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The electrical degradation mechanisms of BaTiO3-based ceramics were investigated by measuring the dependence of leakage current on high electric fields. Before the degradation, the leakage current predominately obeyed Ohm’s law and Poole-Frenkel relation. As the degradation progressed, the Poole-Frenkel emission current increased. Moreover, the total current at the high electric fields also comprised Schottky emissions between cathodes and dielectric layers.

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24

Imran, Mohammed, and Manjula Mane. "Comparative Study on Analysis of Losses and Leakage Current for Transformer-less Inverters for PV Applications: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 9 (2023): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55624.

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Abstract: The reduction in the Common Mode Voltage (CMV) and thermal losses in semiconductors play a crucial role in designing of a new transformer-less inverter topologies for solar powered applications. The galvanic isolation and the leakage current problem due to non-availability of transformer can be addressed either by providing additional switches on the dc side or on the ac side, but this results in more number of semiconductor devices being added into the conduction paths which are switched according to the desired output requirements which further results in high conduction and switch

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25

Wang, Yikun. "Innovative approaches for minimizing leakage current in three-phase transformerless PV inverters." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2795, no. 1 (2024): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2795/1/012017.

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Abstract Three-phase transformerless photovoltaic (PV) inverters are widely used in solar systems due to their advantages, such as relatively low cost, small size, and high performance. However, they encounter leakage current problems, which can lead to issues such as harmonic damage, grid distortion, and safety risks to individuals. Effectively suppressing leakage current is a critical issue that needs to be addressed for transformerless PV inverters. The purpose of this research is to review advancements made in suppressing leakage current over the past few years in the research area of thre

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26

Liu, Baojun, Ping Zhou, and Liang Qian. "Single event transient of SOI FinFET with total ionizing dose irradiation." Vibroengineering Procedia 51 (October 20, 2023): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23602.

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Total ionizing dose (TID) irradiation impacts the device leakage currents or threshold voltage, which affects the single event transient (SET) vulnerability of electronics under radiation environment. SET response of SOI FinFET at 14 nm technology node after TID exposure is carried out at different dose level. Results show that the drain current peak presents a slight fluctuant with total dose, while the collected charge and the bipolar amplification coefficient first decrease with total dose and then increase. The potential reason is also discussed from competing mechanisms associated with de

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27

Ceschia, M., A. Paccagnella, A. Scarpa, A. Cester, and G. Ghidini. "Total dose dependence of radiation-induced leakage current in ultra-thin gate oxides." Microelectronics Reliability 39, no. 2 (1999): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2714(98)00233-9.

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Pengchan, W., T. Phetchakul, and Amporn Poyai. "Extraction of Defect in Doping Silicon Wafer by Analyzing the Lifetime Profile Method." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.765.

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The total leakage current in silicon p-n junction diodes compatible with 0.8 µm CMOS technology is investigated. The generation lifetime is a key parameter for the leakage current, which can be obtained from the current-voltage (I-V) and the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics. As will be shown, the electrically active defect from ion implantation process generated in p-n junction can be extracted from the generation current density.

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29

Salem, Ali Ahmed, Kwan Yiew Lau, Mohd Taufiq Ishak, et al. "Monitoring Porcelain Insulator Condition Based on Leakage Current Characteristics." Materials 15, no. 18 (2022): 6370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186370.

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Insulator monitoring using leakage current characteristics is essential for predicting an insulator’s health. To evaluate the risk of flashover on the porcelain insulator using leakage current, experimental investigation of leakage current indices was carried out. In the first stage of the experiment, the effect of contamination, insoluble deposit density, wetting rate, and uneven distribution pollution were determined on the porcelain insulator under test. Then, based on the laboratory test results, leakage current information in time and frequency characteristics was extracted and employed a

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30

Hu, Jian Ping, Li Fang Ye, and Li Su. "A New P-Type Clocked Adiabatic Logic for Nanometer CMOS Processes with Gate Oxide Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 1930–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.1930.

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Leakage current is becoming a significant contributor to power dissipations in nanometer CMOS circuits due to the scaling of oxide thickness. This paper proposes a new P-type clocked adiabatic logic (P-CAL) to reduce gate leakage based on the fact that PMOS transistors have an order of magnitude smaller gate leakage than NMOS ones in nanometer CMOS processes using gate oxide materials. Based on the power dissipation models of adiabatic circuits, the estimation technology for the active leakage dissipations of P-CAL circuits is proposed. The active leakage dissipations are estimated by testing

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31

Khavari, Amir Hesam, Abdullah Munir, and Zulkurnain Abdul Malek. "Circuit-based method for extracting the resistive leakage current of metal oxide surge arrester." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 6 (2020): 2213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i6.2258.

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Abstract:

Resistive leakage current based condition assessment of metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA) is one of the most extensively employed technique to monitor its degradation. An extraction method is customarily required to extract the resistive component from the total leakage current. The existing methods to extract the resistive current are complex and less accurate. Therefore, this paper describes a simple and accurate circuit-based method to extract the resistive current using equivalent model and measured leakage current of the arrester. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated through e

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32

De Carvalho, Caíque C. A., Paulo R. D. R. Da Silva, José M. Araújo, and José A. Pomilio. "Leakage Current Mitigation in On-Grid Photovoltaic Systems Using a Flexible Multi-Level Inverter Topology." Eletrônica de Potência 30 (March 18, 2025): e202527. https://doi.org/10.18618/rep.e202527.

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Leakage current is an issue that often causes problems in transformerless grid-connected PV inverters, such as electromagnetic interference, which is conducted or radiated and derates the quality of power injected into the grid. It can also lead to electrical safety problems, impair the performance of other equipment nearby, and thus make the generation system unavailable. Therefore, mitigation procedures for the leakage current in transformerless grid-connected PV inverters are essential to ensure system efficiency and safety. In this sense, a new single-phase grid-connected transformerless i

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Estévez-Bén, Adyr A., Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas, Gonzalo Macias-Bobadilla, and Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz. "Leakage Current Reduction in Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters—A Review." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072384.

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The rise in renewable energy has increased the use of DC/AC converters, which transform the direct current to alternating current. These devices, generally called inverters, are mainly used as an interface between clean energy and the grid. It is estimated that 21% of the global electricity generation capacity from renewable sources is supplied by photovoltaic systems. In these systems, a transformer to ensure grid isolation is used. Nevertheless, the transformer makes the system expensive, heavy, bulky and reduces its efficiency. Therefore, transformerless schemes are used to eliminate the me

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Shi, Yan, Xing Liang Jiang, Qi Fa Wan, Xiong Wu, and Tao Xu. "Measurement and Analysis of the Leakage Current on the Surface of Polluted Suspension Ceramic Insulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.668.

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The artificial pollution tests are implemented on an IEC standard suspension insulator, and the leakage current waveforms and frequency characteristics were investigated under different equivalent salt deposit density ESDD and relative humidity. It was found that the peak values of the leakage current, the total harmonic distortion (THD) and the odd order harmonic components, e.g. 150 and 650Hz, were significantly correlated with the contamination condition of the insulator surfaces. Besides, a new characteristic parameter IMR，defined as the product of the peak values of leakage current by the

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Chen, Daisong, Tsz Lap Chan, and Jin Shang. "Estimation of the Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Town Gas Distribution System in Hong Kong in 2022." Atmosphere 16, no. 6 (2025): 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16060643.

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Estimating leaks in urban gas distribution systems is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fugitive losses and mitigating costly waste. This study aimed to use a simplified methodology to estimate pipeline leakage in gas distribution systems and validate these estimations against established benchmarks or other gases globally. The estimation encompassed sources including third-party damage, long-term permeation, flaring, and purging during pipeline commissioning and decommissioning, as well as fugitive leakage, each requiring respective evaluation. Results showed that the total t

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Giang, Nguyen Bac, Tran Ngoc Tuan, Hoang Cong Tin, et al. "Current Plastic Waste Status and Its Leakage at Tam Giang–Cau Hai Lagoon System in Central Vietnam." Urban Science 7, no. 3 (2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030089.

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Plastic waste poses a significant threat to the environment, impacting both aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study aimed to quantify the leakage of plastic waste from urban and rural areas into the Tam Giang–Cau Hai lagoon system area in Vietnam. The research involved conducting surveys and sampling plastic waste in wards and communes surrounding the Tam Giang–Cau Hai lagoon system, as well as utilizing a waste flow diagram to calculate the amount of plastic waste leakage into the environment. The findings of the study reveal that the annual plastic leakage in this study area is appro

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Wagenaar, Frank-Christiaan, Claudia A. M. Löwik, Martin Stevens, et al. "Managing persistent wound leakage after total knee and hip arthroplasty. Results of a nationwide survey among Dutch orthopaedic surgeons." Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 2, no. 4 (2017): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jbji.22327.

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Abstract. Background: Persistent wound leakage after joint arthroplasty is a scantily investigated topic, despite the claimed relation with a higher risk of periprosthetic joint infection. This results in a lack of evidence-based clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of persistent wound leakage after joint arthroplasty. Without such guideline, clinical practice in orthopaedic hospitals varies widely. In preparation of a nationwide multicenter randomized controlled trial on the optimal treatment of persistent wound leakage, we evaluated current Dutch orthopaedic care for persisten

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Khatak, Anil, Manoj Kumar, and Sanjeev Dhull. "Analysis of CMOS Comparator in 90nm Technology with Different Power Reduction Techniques." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (2018): 4922. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4922-4931.

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To reduce power consumption of regenerative comparator three different techniques are incorporated in this work. These techniques provide a way to achieve low power consumption through their mechanism that alters the operation of the circuit. These techniques are pseudo NMOS, CVSL (cascode voltage switch logic)/DCVS (differential cascode voltage switch) &amp; power gating. Initially regenerative comparator is simulated at 90 nm CMOS technology with 0.7 V supply voltage. Results shows total power consumption of 15.02 μW with considerably large leakage current of 52.03 nA. Further, with pseu

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R., Deepa, A. N. Nagashree, and Anand . "Transformerless Single Phase Inverter Suitable for Grid Connected Application." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 2 (2015): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.321525.

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In Photovoltaic generation system Transformerless inverter has attracted more attention because of its high efficiency output and reduced cost. The transformerless inverter used for grid connected application in which leakage current is one of the main issues this leakage current has to be tackled properly to avoid EMI problem. Hence, the main aim of this paper is how to achieve common mode voltage constant to eliminate the leakage current. This is done by applying any one of the following SPWM strategy it can be: 1. Basic SPWM strategy 2. Bidirectional SPWM control strategy, Thus by applying

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Jalilzadeh, Tohid, Mehrdad Tarafdar Hagh, and Mehran Sabahi. "Analytical study and simulation of a transformer-less photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with a delta-type tri-direction clamping cell for leakage current elimination." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 2 (2018): 814–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-03-2017-0114.

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PurposeThis paper aims to propose a new transformer-less inverter structure to reduce the common-mode leakage current in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Design/methodology/approachThe proposed circuit structure is the same as the conventional full-bridge inverter with three additional power switches in a triangular structure. These three power switches are between the bridge and the output filter, and they mitigate the common-mode leakage current flowing toward the PV panels’ capacitors. The common-mode leakage current mitigation is done through the three-direction clamping cell (TDC

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Jia, Fuchun, Qingyuan Chang, Mengdi Li, et al. "A Study of Reverse Characteristics of GaN-on-Si Quasi-Vertical PiN Diode with Beveled Sidewall and Fluorine Plasma Treatment." Micromachines 15, no. 12 (2024): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15121448.

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In this work, we show a high-performance GaN-on-Si quasi-vertical PiN diode based on the combination of beveled sidewall and fluorine plasma treatment (BSFP) by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system. The leakage current and breakdown voltage of the diode are systematically studied. Due to the beveled sidewall treated by the fluorine plasma, the diodes achieve an excellent breakdown voltage (VBR) of 790 V and a low reverse leakage current. In addition, the GaN-on-Si quasi-vertical PiN diode achieves a low specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) of 0.51 mΩ·cm2 and a high Baliga’s figure of merit (B

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Essam, Hendawi, and Zaid Sherif. "H7 three phase transformerless inverter for photovoltaic gridtied system with maximum power point operation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 3 (2021): 1853–61. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1853-1861.

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One of the most important and common parts of the modern power systems is the grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Recently, these systems have gotten a big revolution due to the introduction of the transformerless inverters. It has the merits of small size, low cost, and high efficiency. However, transformerless inverters has a general safety problem related to the earth leakage current. Various researches were directed toward evolving their performance and diminishing the leakage current to the standard limits. This article proposes an application of t

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Schmidlin, P. R., T. Huber, T. N. Göhring, T. Attin, and A. Bindl. "Effects of Total and Selective Bonding on Marginal Adaptation and Microleakage of Class I Resin Composite Restorations In Vitro." Operative Dentistry 33, no. 6 (2008): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/07-158.

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Nguyen, Duy-Dinh, The-Tiep Pham, Tat-Thang Le, Ton Duc Do, Takuya Goto, and Kazuto Yukita. "Impact of Parameter Mismatch on Three-Phase Dual-Active-Bridge Converters." Electronics 12, no. 12 (2023): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122609.

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Three-phase dual active bridge converters (DAB3) are a widely used topology in battery charging applications thanks to their numerous advantages, such as bidirectional power flow, galvanic isolation, low output current ripple, and inherent soft-switching. In such applications, three single-phase transformers are commonly employed as the AC-link to simplify manufacturing and reduce costs. These transformers’ leakage inductance can be utilized instead of the external leakage inductance to achieve high power density. However, the assumption of uniformity in these inductances is not always accurat

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Shashwot Shrestha, Rachana Subedi, Swodesh Sharma, and Sushil Phuyal. "A Comparative Analysis of Transformer-less Inverter Topologies for Grid-Connected PV Systems: Minimizing Leakage Current and THD." KEC Journal of Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3126/kjse.v9i1.78336.

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The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, into the power grids have gained major attention due to their environmental and economic benefits. Although traditional transformer-based grid-connected PV inverter provides galvanic isolation for leakage current, it suffers from major drawbacks of high cost, lower efficiency, and increased size. Transformer-less grid-connected PV inverter (TLGI) has emerged as a prominent alternative as this achieves higher efficiency, compact design, and lower cost. However, due to a lack of galvanic isolation, TL

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Al-Mamoori, Dalya Hamzah, Naziha Ahmad Azli, Shahrin Md Ayob, and Ali A. Abdullah Albakry. "A multilevel boost inverter with removed leakage current and a reduced number of elements for photovoltaic applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 1 (2024): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i1.pp312-322.

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Recent research has concerted on transformer-less multilevel inverters (TL-MLIs) due to their high-voltage or high-power capacity for converting the low-voltage output of renewable energy sources to the desired output. Moreover, they yield higher efficiency, lower cost and size than the conventional type. However, these inverters usually suffer from leakage current. The proposed inverter attempts to accommodate this concern to the greatest extent feasible. The proposed inverter structure exhibits a common ground between the input and output ports. Due to this, the total common mode voltage (CM

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Pandey, Amit Kumar, Tarun Kumar Gupta, and Pawan Kumar Verma. "Sleep signal controlled footless domino circuit for low leakage current." Circuit World 44, no. 2 (2018): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-06-2017-0030.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a new sleep signal controlled footless domino circuit for reducing the subthreshold and gate oxide leakage currents. Design/methodology/approach In the proposed circuit, a P channel MOSFET (PMOS) sleep switch transistor is inserted between the power supply and the output node. The sleep transistor, the source of the pull-down network, and the source of the N channel MOSFET (NMOS) transistor of the output inverter are controlled by this additional sleep signal to place the footless domino circuit in a low leakage state. Findings The authors simulate the propos

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Geetha, Kamurthy, and Bhupasandra Veeranna Sreenivasappa. "Hybrid bypass technique to mitigate leakage current in the grid-tied inverter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 131–40. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp131-140.

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, The extensive use of fossil fuel is destroying the balance of nature that could lead to many problems in the forthcoming era. Renewable energy resources are a ray of hope to avoid possible destruction. Smart grid and distributed power generation systems are now mainly built with the help of renewable energy resources. The integration of renewable energy production system with the smart grid and distributed power generation is facing many challenges that include addressing the issue of isolation and power quality. This paper presents a new approach to address the aforementioned issues by prop

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Tang, Min, Seidu A. Richard, and Zhigang Lan. "Cerebrospinal fluid leakage after retrosigmoid craniotomy and craniectomy for cerebellopontine angle tumors: A comparative retrospective study." Medicine 104, no. 24 (2025): e42838. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000042838.

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The incidence of CSF leakage after surgery is very critical in the management of patients with cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors. The aim of our current study is to compare the outcome of retrosigmoid craniotomy and craniectomy in terms of the rate of postoperative CSF leakages and burdens such as in-hospital stay and cost on patients. In this comparative retrospective study, data was retrieved to identify the patients who underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy and craniectomy from January 2019 to December 2022 at Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital. Data such as age, sex, preoperativ

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Han, Yongsen, Zhonghua Li, Huan Zheng, and Wenmin Guo. "A Decomposition Method for the Total Leakage Current of MOA Based on Multiple Linear Regression." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 31, no. 4 (2016): 1422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2015.2462071.

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