Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Toxoid / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Toxoid.

Journal articles on the topic 'Toxoid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Toxoid.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Ruan, Xiaosai, Donald C. Robertson, James P. Nataro, John D. Clements, and Weiping Zhang. "Characterization of Heat-Stable (STa) Toxoids of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Fused to Double Mutant Heat-Labile Toxin Peptide in Inducing Neutralizing Anti-STa Antibodies." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 5 (2014): 1823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01394-13.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTA long-standing challenge in developing vaccines against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC), the most common bacteria causing diarrhea in children of developing countries and travelers to these countries, is to protect against heat-stable toxin type Ib (STa or hSTa). STa and heat-labile toxin (LT) are virulence determinants in ETEC diarrhea. LT antigens are often used in vaccine development, but STa has not been included because of its poor immunogenicity and potent toxicity. Toxic STa is not safe for vaccines, but only STa possessing toxicity is believed to be able to induce neutra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Polvani, C., A. Gasparini, U. Benatti, et al. "Murine red blood cells as efficient carriers of three bacterial antigens for the production of specific and neutralizing antibodies." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 14, no. 3 (1991): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1991.tb00187.x.

Full text

Abstract:

Three bacterial toxoids, CRM 197 (mutagenized diphtheria toxin), tetanus toxoid (formaldehyde‐treated tetanus toxin), and PT‐9K/129G (double mutant of pertussin toxin) were encapsulated within red blood cells (RBCs) of B6D2F1 and Balb/C mice according to a mild procedure based on hypotonic dialysis‐isotonic resealing that yielded undamaged RBCs. The toxoid‐loaded RBCs were injected intravenously in order to immunize animals and their effects were compared to those of identical amounts (30–95 micrograms per mouse subdivided into multiple injections) of the corresponding free toxoids injected in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Zhang, Weiping, Chengxian Zhang, David H. Francis, et al. "Genetic Fusions of Heat-Labile (LT) and Heat-Stable (ST) Toxoids of Porcine Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Elicit Neutralizing Anti-LT and Anti-STa antibodies." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 1 (2009): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00497-09.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a major cause of diarrheal disease in humans and farm animals. E. coli fimbriae, or colonization factor antigens (CFAs), and enterotoxins, including heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxins (ST), are the key virulence factors in ETEC diarrhea. Unlike fimbriae or LT, STa has not often been included as an antigen in development of vaccines against ETEC diarrhea because of its poor immunogenicity. STa becomes immunogenic only after being coupled with a strongly immunogenic carrier protein. However, native or shorter ST

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Rahman M, S., K. Baek B, T. Hong S, and H. Lee J. "Antibody responses in buffalos immunized with Clostridium perfringens beta and epsilon toxoids." Veterinární Medicína 46, No. 9–10 (2001): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7886-vetmed.

Full text

Abstract:

The antibody responses to toxoids were measured to investigate whether&nbsp;Clostridium perfringens&nbsp;beta and epsilon toxoids induced protective humoral immune responses in buffalos. Total of 24 buffalos were divided into 4 groups (n&nbsp;= 6), beta toxoid, epsilon toxoid, combination and control groups. These buffalo groups were administered each of the designated toxoids. Immunizations in the beta and epsilon toxoid groups induced strong antibody responses. The neutralizing antibody titres from the beta and epsilon toxoid groups were equally log101.2 on day 21 after inoculati

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Keller, James E. "Characterization of New Formalin-Detoxified Botulinum Neurotoxin Toxoids." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, no. 9 (2008): 1374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00117-08.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Antigenicities of several formalin-detoxified botulinum neurotoxin preparations were measured by inhibition and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunogenicity was studied in mice. The toxoids were derived primarily from the serotype A 150-kDa neurotoxin protein, while one toxoid was derived from the naturally occurring 900-kDa toxin-hemagglutinin complex. Antigenicity was severely compromised in two commercially available toxoids. A variety of new toxoids were synthesized in-house by optimizing formaldehyde reaction conditions. Three of the resulting toxoids we

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Komarovskaya, E. I., and O. V. Perelygyna. "Current state of methods for control the safety and potency of diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid in combined vaccines." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 21, no. 3 (2022): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-3-96-106.

Full text

Abstract:

Relevance. Diphtheria toxoid (DT) and tetanus toxoid (TT) manufacturing appears as many steps process. On every stage of proceeding vaccine the control of critical points is being provided. The Parke Williams 8 strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae used in Russia for producing DT, Clostridium tetani strain Harvard – for TT. Each culture's supernatant proceed being estimated in relevance of toxoid potency via in vivo and/or in vitro methods. To produce DT, the activity of the toxoid must be not less than 50 Lf/ml and 40 Lf/ml for TT. Toxoids must fit in the main safety conditions – absence of t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Komarovskaya, E. I., and О. V. Perelygyna. "Assay of Diphtheria Vaccine Potency by Intradermal Challenge Test." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 22, no. 4 (2023): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-12-23.

Full text

Abstract:

Relevance. Modern identifying potency (immunogenicity) of diphtheria toxoid tests are based on determining immunized animals resistance for administration challenge toxin or evaluation of protective antibodies level in serum. In Russia to assess the potency of diphtheria toxoid (DT) the challenge lethal method has been used for more than 60 years, challenge is based on determination of potency via its possibility to defend immunized animals from lethal doses of diphtheria toxin. This method is used as «golden standard». Last decade European Union Regulatory politic is headed to reduce of using

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Held, Daniel M., Amy C. Shurtleff, Scott Fields, et al. "Vaccination of Rabbits with an Alkylated Toxoid Rapidly Elicits Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype B." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 6 (2010): 930–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00493-09.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were immunized with several different nontoxic botulinum neurotoxin serotype B (BoNT/B) preparations in an effort to optimize the production of a rapid and highly potent, effective neutralizing antibody response. The immunogens included a recombinant heavy chain (rHc) protein produced in Escherichia coli, a commercially available formaldehyde-inactivated toxoid, and an alkylated toxoid produced by urea-iodoacetamide inactivation of the purified active toxin. All three immunogens elicited an antibody response to BoNT/B, detected by enzyme-linked immunoso

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Bernstein, Henry H., Edward P. Rothstein, Sarah S. Long, et al. "Comparison of a Three-Component Acellular Pertussis Vaccine With a Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine in 15- Through 20-Month-Old Infants." Pediatrics 93, no. 4 (1994): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.4.656.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. To compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and three-component acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) with a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis vaccine (DTwP) when administered as a booster dose to infants 15 through 20 months of age. Design. Randomized, double-blind, comparative study. Setting. Three pediatric practices (two private; one hospital-based). Participants. One hundred and sixty-five healthy 15-through 20-month old infants. Selection procedures and interventions. Infants were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to r

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Nijland, Reindert, René Heerlien, Leendert W. Hamoen та Oscar P. Kuipers. "Changing a Single Amino Acid in Clostridium perfringens β-Toxin Affects the Efficiency of Heterologous Secretion by Bacillus subtilis". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, № 5 (2007): 1586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02356-06.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Achieving efficient heterologous protein production and secretion by Bacillus subtilis is an attractive prospect, although often disappointingly low yields are reached. The expression of detoxified Clostridium perfringens β-toxin (β-toxoid) is exemplary for this. Although β-toxin can be efficiently expressed and secreted by Bacillus subtilis, the genetically detoxified, and industrially interesting, β-toxoid variant is difficult to obtain in high amounts. To optimize the expression of this putative vaccine component, we studied the differences in the global gene regulation responses o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Machin, Darren C., Daniel J. Williamson, Peter Fisher, et al. "Sortase-Modified Cholera Toxoids Show Specific Golgi Localization." Toxins 16, no. 4 (2024): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16040194.

Full text

Abstract:

Cholera toxoid is an established tool for use in cellular tracing in neuroscience and cell biology. We use a sortase labeling approach to generate site-specific N-terminally modified variants of both the A2-B5 heterohexamer and B5 pentamer forms of the toxoid. Both forms of the toxoid are endocytosed by GM1-positive mammalian cells, and while the heterohexameric toxoid was principally localized in the ER, the B5 pentamer showed an unexpected localization in the medial/trans-Golgi. This study suggests a future role for specifically labeled cholera toxoids in live-cell imaging beyond their curre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Griffiths, G. D., C. D. Lindsay, A. C. Allenby, et al. "Protection against inhalation toxicity of ricin and abrin by immunisation." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 2 (1995): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400201.

Full text

Abstract:

1 Abrin and ricin are highly toxic plant proteins which are very similar in structure and function and inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotes. 2 Rats have been immunised against either toxin using formaldehyde-toxoids by three subcutaneous injections at intervals of 3 weeks. For abrin, serum titres in 14 out of 15 rats were raised to between 1 : 12800 and 1 : 51200 after two injections, 6 weeks from the start of the experiment. Titres of between 1 : 256 and 1 : 1024 were also measured in lung washes after challenge with active abrin toxin. 3 The three major antibody classes, IgG, IgM and IgA

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Qazi, Omar, Dorothea Sesardic, Robert Tierney, et al. "Reduction of the Ganglioside Binding Activity of the Tetanus Toxin HC Fragment Destroys Immunogenicity: Implications for Development of Novel Tetanus Vaccines." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 8 (2006): 4884–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00500-06.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT In this study, the immunogenicities of the nontoxic HC fragment of tetanus toxin and derivatives lacking ganglioside binding activity were compared with that of tetanus toxoid after subcutaneous immunization of mice. Wild-type HC (HCWT) protein and tetanus toxoid both elicited strong antibody responses against toxoid and HC antigens and provided complete protection against toxin challenge. Mutants of HC containing deletions essential for ganglioside binding elicited lower responses than HCWT. HCM115, containing two amino acid substitutions within the ganglioside binding site, provided

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kailasan, Shweta, Thomas Kort, Ipsita Mukherjee, et al. "Rational Design of Toxoid Vaccine Candidates for Staphylococcus aureus Leukocidin AB (LukAB)." Toxins 11, no. 6 (2019): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060339.

Full text

Abstract:

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections cause high mortality and morbidity in humans. Being central to its pathogenesis, S. aureus thwarts the host defense by secreting a myriad of virulence factors, including bicomponent, pore-forming leukotoxins. While all vaccine development efforts that aimed at achieving opsonophagocytic killing have failed, targeting virulence by toxoid vaccines represents a novel approach to preventing mortality and morbidity that are caused by SA. The recently discovered leukotoxin LukAB kills human phagocytes and monocytes and it is present in all known S. aureus clinic

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Inic-Kanada, Aleksandra, Marijana Stojanovic, Irena Zivkovic, Vladimir Petrusic та Ljiljana Dimitrijevic. "The monoclonal antibody 26 raised against tetanus toxoid also recognizes tetanus toxin and β2-glycoprotein I - its binding properties in vitro and potential applications". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 74, № 3 (2009): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0903245i.

Full text

Abstract:

A murine monoclonal IgG1 antibody, marked as MAb26, specific for tetanus toxoid has been immunochemically characterized. By performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and western blot analyses, it was demonstrated that MAb26 reacted with tetanus toxoid, tetanus toxin and ?2-glycoprotein I (?2GPI). According to the results, MAb26 recognized the sequential epitope on the tetanus heavy chain. The affinity constant, calculated from Scatchard plots of MAb26 binding to tetanus toxoid, was 1.145?108 M-1 and the measurement of the relative affinity of MAb26 by ELISA using thiocyanate eluti

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 460 (1993): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199304600-00049.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 649 (1997): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199706490-00034.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 661 (1997): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199706610-00032.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 387 (1992): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199203870-00034.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 401 (1992): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199204010-00056.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1216 (2008): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812160-00087.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 865 (2001): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200108650-00035.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 926 (2002): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200209260-00034.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 364 (1991): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103640-00057.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 518 (1994): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199405180-00046.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1337 (2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113370-00098.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Hjerpe, Charles A. "Tetanus Toxoid." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 6, no. 1 (1990): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30920-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Rahmadani Putri, Merisa Riski, Syarifah Ismed, and Titin Dewi Sartika Silaban. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KELENGKAPAN IMUNISASI TETANUS TOXOID PADA IBU HAMIL." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 17, no. 2 (2022): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v17i2.1343.

Full text

Abstract:

Tetanus neonatorum is caused by Clostridium Tatami toxin. The study aimed to determine the factors associated with the completeness of tetanus toxoid immunization for pregnant women. This type of research is quantitative, and analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was selected by systematic random sampling so that a sample of 75 pregnant women was obtained. The completeness of tetanus toxoid immunization were measured using a questionnaire. The results of the Chi-Square test of attitudes toward the completeness of tetanus toxoid immunization showed that there was no relationship

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Norlin, Gunnar. "PURIFICATION OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN AND DIPHTHERIA TOXOID." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 24, no. 5-6 (2009): 505–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1947.tb00619.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Norlin., Gunnar. "PURIFICATION OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN AND DIPHTHERIA TOXOID." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 29, no. 1 (2009): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1951.tb00102.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Rinaldi, Ricky, Umi Baroroh, Fauzian Giansyah Rohmatulloh, et al. "In Silico Study of Pertussis Toxin S1 for Recombinant Pertussis Vaccine Development in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Computational Biology (IJCB) 1, no. 1 (2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/ijcb.v1i1.40911.

Full text

Abstract:

Pertussis or whooping cough is a disease caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria, and the spread disease can be controlled by vaccination. Currently, some pertussis toxoids are prepared by chemical modification, which makes it possible to change the immunospecificity. To avoid altering the structure of toxoids, genetic modification is considered more harmless than chemical modification. A mutant of R9K/E129G is known to have lower toxicity and can be used as a component of the pertussis vaccine. However, the reason behind the low toxicity of this toxoid at the molecular level remains unclear.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Ben David, Alon, Ada Barnea, Amram Torgeman, et al. "Immunologic and Protective Properties of Subunit- vs. Whole Toxoid-Derived Anti-Botulinum Equine Antitoxin." Vaccines 10, no. 9 (2022): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091522.

Full text

Abstract:

Botulism is a paralytic disease caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). Equine antitoxin is currently the standard therapy for botulism in human. The preparation of equine antitoxin relies on the immunization of horses with botulinum toxoid, which suffers from low yield and safety limitations. The Hc fragment of BoNTs was suggested to be a potent antibotulinum subunit vaccine. The current study presents a comparative evaluation of equine-based toxoid-derived antitoxin (TDA) and subunit-derived antitoxin (SDA). The potency of recombinant Hc/A, Hc/B, and Hc/E in mice was similar to that of toxo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

BAXBY, DERRICK. "6. The discovery of diphtheria toxoid and the primary and secondary immune response Glenny AT, Südmersen HJ. J Hyg 1921; 20: 176–220." Epidemiology and Infection 133, S1 (2005): S21—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805004267.

Full text

Abstract:

The routine title of the long ‘note’ by Glenny and Südmersen reproduced here [1] hides two of the most significant findings in theoretical and applied immunology: a brief description of diphtheria toxoid and a comprehensive account of the primary and secondary immune response. The introduction of antitoxin treatment of diphtheria was heralded, in 1896, without exaggeration as ‘the most important advance of the [19th] Century in the medical treatment of acute infective disease’ [2]. However, there were problems with the standardization and potency of antitoxin. The former was solved by Ehrlich

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Liu, Mei, Xiaosai Ruan, Chengxian Zhang, et al. "Heat-Labile- and Heat-Stable-Toxoid Fusions (LTR192G-STaP13F) of Human Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Elicit Neutralizing Antitoxin Antibodies." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 10 (2011): 4002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00165-11.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTEnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) strains are a major cause of diarrheal disease in humans and animals. Adhesins and enterotoxins, including heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STa) toxins, are the key virulence factors. Antigenic adhesin and LT antigens have been used in developing vaccines against ETEC diarrhea. However, STa has not been included because of its poor immunogenicity and potent toxicity. Our recent study showed that porcine-type STa toxoids became immunogenic and elicited neutralizing anti-STa antibodies after being genetically fused to a full-length porcine-type LT t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Lee, Seonhyung, Beom-Ku Han, Yang-Hoon Kim, and Ji-Young Ahn. "SpyCatcher-SpyTagged ApxIA Toxoid and the Immune-Modulating Yeast Ghost Shells." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 16, no. 11 (2020): 1644–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2020.2992.

Full text

Abstract:

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaesecretes the hemolytic cytotoxins ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII, and ApxIV, which cause pleurop- neumonia in swine. Of these, ApxI is the most toxic. ApxIA, a repeats-in-toxin toxin-like protein, has strong hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. This study aimed to develop an immune modulator ApxIA toxoid, with a Spytag/Spycatcher pair (SC::ST pair), in yeast ghost shells (YGSs). These YGSs were utilized as ApxIA toxoid delivery platforms for -glucan components that can be recognized by the innate immune system. The SC::ST pair was used to conjugate the ApxIA toxoid to YGSs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Falade, S., and O. A. Durojaiye. "THE PROTECTIVE VALUE OF AN AUTOGENOUS BACTERIN AND TOXOID AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL CORYNEBACTERIUM PYOGENES INFECTION IN MICE." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 11, no. 2 (2021): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v11i2.2544.

Full text

Abstract:

Bacteria and toxin from a borth culture of a porcine strain of Corynebacterium pyogenes were lethal to white Swiss mice within 24th of inoculation. The pyogenic factor was shown to be a component of the bacterial cells and not of the toxin. Mouse protection tests using a formolised bacterin and formolized toxoid conferred protection to experimental challenge. It is suggested that this toxoid may be of value in protecting animals against the natural infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Oanh, Thi Kim Nguyen, Viet Khong Nguyen, Henri De Greve, and Bruno Maria Goddeeris. "Protection of Piglets against Edema Disease by Maternal Immunization with Stx2e Toxoid." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 1 (2011): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05539-11.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTEdema disease (ED) in piglets is caused by Shiga toxin Stx2e-producingEscherichia coli. We show that a genetically disarmed Stx2e toxoid is a safe antigen that generates antiserum protecting piglets against the Stx2e toxin. Immunization of suckling piglets with the Stx2e toxoid was safe, had no adverse effects on growth of the piglets, and resulted in effective prevention of edema disease clinical symptoms after challenge with the Stx2e toxin. Our data showed that maternal immunity against the Stx2e toxoid can be transmitted from the vaccinated sows to the piglets via the colostrum. Ve

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

&NA;. "Tetanus toxoid immunoglobulins." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 461 (1993): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199304610-00066.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Lleonart-Bellfill, Ramon, Anna Cisteró-Bahima, Maria Teresa Cerdà-Trias, and Alfonso Olivé-Pérez. "Tetanus Toxoid Anaphylaxis." DICP 25, no. 7-8 (1991): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809102500730.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Weisse, M. E. "Tetanus toxoid allergy." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 264, no. 18 (1990): 2448b—2448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.264.18.2448b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Kotloff, Karen L., Steven S. Wasserman, Genevieve A. Losonsky, et al. "Safety and Immunogenicity of Increasing Doses of aClostridium difficile Toxoid Vaccine Administered to Healthy Adults." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 2 (2001): 988–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.2.988-995.2001.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea in industrialized countries. Although most illnesses respond to available therapy, infection can increase morbidity, prolong hospitalization, and produce life-threatening colitis. Vaccines are being explored as an alternative means for protecting high-risk individuals. We assessed the safety, immunogenicity, and dose response of a parenteral vaccine containing C. difficile toxoids A and B. Thirty healthy adults were assigned to receive four spaced inoculations on days 1, 8, 30, and 60 with one of three doses of vaccine (6.2

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sandeep, Shukla &. Deepak Mishra*. "A BRIEF REVIEW ON DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH YIELD PROCESS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI FOR PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT CARRIER PROTEIN (CRM197)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 9 (2019): 6–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3393106.

Full text

Abstract:

It is a well-established fact that bacterial polysaccharide – protein conjugate vaccine have made a huge impact on pediatric vaccination approach. The immunogenicity of polysaccharide is enhanced by coupling them to carrier proteins.   The widely used carrier proteins are tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid (DT) and diphtheria toxoid variant CRM<sub>197</sub>. DT conjugates are less immunogenic, TT conjugates renders reduced polysaccharide response whereas CRM<sub>197</sub> are at lower risk for this.   Cross Reacting Material (CRM<sub>197</sub>), a non-toxic variant of

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Bayart, Caroline, Angélique Mularoni, Nada Hemmani, et al. "Tetanus Toxin Fragment C: Structure, Drug Discovery Research and Production." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 6 (2022): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15060756.

Full text

Abstract:

Tetanus toxoid (TTd) plays an important role in the pharmaceutical world, especially in vaccines. The toxoid is obtained after formaldehyde treatment of the tetanus toxin. In parallel, current emphasis in the drug discovery field is put on producing well-defined and safer drugs, explaining the interest in finding new alternative proteins. The tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) has been extensively studied both as a neuroprotective agent for central nervous system disorders owing to its neuronal properties and as a carrier protein in vaccines. Indeed, it is derived from a part of the tetanus toxin

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

TROTT, D. L., M. YANG, J. GONZALEZ, et al. "Egg Yolk Antibodies for Detection and Neutralization of Clostridium botulinum Type A Neurotoxin." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 5 (2009): 1005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.5.1005.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this research project was to determine the usefulness of an egg antibody platform for producing materials for the detection and neutralization of botulinum type A neurotoxin. Yield estimates for detection and neutralizing antibodies produced using methods described were calculated. Antibody specific to botulinum toxoid A (aToxoid) and toxin A (aBoNT/A) was produced by immunizing hens with botulinum toxoid A (toxoid) followed by increasing amounts of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) in Freund incomplete adjuvant. Egg yolks were extracted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for antibo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Ludwig, K., M. A. Karmali, C. R. Smith, and M. Petric. "Cross-protection against challenge by intravenousEscherichia coliverocytotoxin 1 (VT1) in rabbits immunized with VT2 toxoid." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 1 (2002): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-138.

Full text

Abstract:

Rabbits challenged intravenously with Escherichia coli verocytotoxin (VT1, Shiga toxin 1, Stx1) die after developing diarrhea and paralysis, and this outcome can be prevented by pre-immunization with VT1 toxoid. In nonimmune rabbits, intravenously administered125I-VT1 binds to the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, whereas in immunized animals, these organs are spared and the toxin localizes in the liver and spleen. In rabbits immunized with either VT1 or VT2 toxoids, both the homologous or heterologous toxins are prevented from binding to target organs. This has lead to the ad

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Pier, Christina L., William H. Tepp, Marite Bradshaw, Eric A. Johnson, Joseph T. Barbieri, and Michael R. Baldwin. "Recombinant Holotoxoid Vaccine against Botulism." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 1 (2007): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00843-07.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are the most toxic proteins for humans and designated “Category A Select Agents.” The current vaccine against botulism is in limited supply, and there is a need to develop new vaccine strategies. A recombinant BoNT/A toxoid was produced in Clostridium botulinum that contained a double amino acid substitution, R363A Y365F (termed BoNT/ARYM). BoNT/ARYM was noncatalytic for SNAP25 and nontoxic for mice. Immunization with BoNT/ARYM protected mice from challenge at levels that were similar to chemically inactivated BoNT/A toxoid. BoNT/ARYM elicited an immun

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Sato, Hiroko, and Yuji Sato. "Experience with Diphtheria Toxoid–Tetanus Toxoid–Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Japan." Clinical Infectious Diseases 28, s2 (1999): S124—S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/515063.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Zaragoza, Orellana, Moonen, Moutafis, and Marcellin. "Vaccine Production to Protect Animals Against Pathogenic Clostridia." Toxins 11, no. 9 (2019): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090525.

Full text

Abstract:

Clostridium is a broad genus of anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that can be found in different environments all around the world. The genus includes human and animal pathogens that produce potent exotoxins that cause rapid and potentially fatal diseases responsible for countless human casualties and billion-dollar annual loss to the agricultural sector. Diseases include botulism, tetanus, enterotoxemia, gas gangrene, necrotic enteritis, pseudomembranous colitis, blackleg, and black disease, which are caused by pathogenic Clostridium. Due to their ability to sporula

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Oyedeji, Olusola Adetunji, Francis Fadero, Victor Joel-Medewase, Peter Elemile, and Gabriel Ademola Oyedeji. "Trends in neonatal and post-neonatal tetanus admissions at a Nigerian teaching hospital." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 6, no. 12 (2012): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2105.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Tetanus accounts for high morbidity and case fatality rates in developing countries. This study therefore aimed to identify reasons for the persistence of this disease. Methodology: Paediatric admissions at Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2008 diagnosed with tetanus were studied. Data was analyzed with SPSS 18 and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Of the total 1,681 paediatric admissions, 30 (1.8%) had tetanus. Of the 878 neonatal admissions, 8 (0.9%) had tetanus, while 22 (2.7%) of the total 803 post-neo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Komarovskaya, Е. I., and A. A. Soldatov. "Evaluation of the immune response to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids by the serological methods." Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment 23, no. 3 (2023): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2221-996x-2023-23-3-321-332.

Full text

Abstract:

Scientific relevance. Currently, two types of methods are used to evaluate the potency of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids: the gold standard, which involves administering toxins to immunised animals, and serological methods, which involve quantifying protective antibodies in the serum of immunised animals. International validation studies of serological methods for assessing the potency of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids have resulted in revisions to the relevant chapters of the WHO Manual for Quality Control of Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis Vaccines, as well as the European, Japanese, and s

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!