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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trade flows'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Hou, Liyan. "Explaining trade flows and determinants of bilaterial trade." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/719/.

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This thesis provides the empirical analyses for international trade flows and the determinants of bilateral trade. The main modelling framework used in this thesis is gravity model, so firstly, a detailed literature review for the gravity trade model is given. The three empirical studies analyze the role of main determinants of international trade flows in details, including cultural similarities, geographical factors and trade costs. Our findings are summarized as follows. First, the gravity model works well with aggregate data as well as disaggregated data. The core gravity factors and the c

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2

Byers, Darren A. "Baltic trade flows, a gravity analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36346.pdf.

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3

Tan, K.-W. "A quantitative analysis of trade flows." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377742.

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4

Andersson, Martin. "Disentangling Trade Flows : Firms, Geography and Technology." Doctoral thesis, Jönköping : Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-647.

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5

Kalbasi, Hassan. "Trade flows and comparative advantage for Iran." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7004.

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This thesis has three objectives. First, the thesis evaluates the alternative indirect methods of measuring or identifying Iran's comparative advantage through revealed trade performance. Secondly, it seeks to identify Iran's export potential by considering similar and comparable economies. Thirdly, it explores the potential volume and direction of fran's trade flows by using a gravity model. The thesis primarily provides a review and an evaluation of the theory and empirical robustness of the law of comparative advantage. The application of indirect methods proves to be useful in identifying

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6

El, Yaman Souraya. "Essays on international trade and factor flows." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436918.

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7

Andersson, Jesper, and Linn Sundqvist. "The effects of the EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement on trade flows." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37556.

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This bachelor thesis examines the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Mexico and the countries that resembles the European Union(EU) prior to the expansion in 2004, hereafter(EU15). The purpose is to analyze the effects of the FTA between the trading parties and investigate whether the FTA has resulted in positive effects on export volumes. The model includes 16 countries and is estimated with panel data between the years 1997-2016. We apply a gravity model as econometric framework and perform two regressions, one with fixed effects and one with random effects. Our results suggest that export v

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8

Query, Jason. "The Impact of Transportation Costs and Trade Barriers on International Trade Flows." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19256.

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Because trade is seen as welfare improving for society, governments have long employed their policy-making powers to increase trade levels. In recent years, no strategy has been more employed by policy makers than free trade agreements. As free trade agreements become more popular, world tariff levels rapidly approach zero. Given this, policy makers must look to other methods to encourage trade. I examine how non-tariff trade barriers impact international trade levels. By better understanding these trade barriers, policy makers will be able to make more informed decisions. To better un

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9

Altvater, Christoph, and Nils Kottmann. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade : An Empirical Analysis of Sweden's Bilateral Trade Flows." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19020.

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The purpose of this paper is to test empirically how well three alternative model formulations manage to explain the effect of exchange rate volatility on Sweden’s bilateral trade flows with 15 of its important trading partners. We test this through multiple time series analyses using aggregate data from the OECD, SCB, and Riksbank. None of the models is able to describe Sweden’s bilateral trade flows systematically for the period between February 1995 and October 2011. It is found that the volatility measured with the GARCH method has a significant effect in nine out of the thirty investigate

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10

Duong, Xuan Vinh. "ASEAN - China Free Trade Area : A quantitative study of Trade diversion and Trade creation effects on ASEAN - China trade flows." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15348.

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The Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China have a long history of trading with each other. They are economic partners as well as competitors for many years. In order to push their economic relationship to a higher level, in November 2002, ASEAN and China signed the initial framework agreement, determined on establishing the ASEAN - China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) among the eleven countries by 2010 for the ASEAN-6 (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) and by 2015 for the transitional economies of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (the CLMV). There ar

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11

Eisenschmidt, Jens. "Capital Flows and Trade in an Integrated World." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1141325673463-46218.

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The world we live in is increasingly integrated. For the work of economists, increasing international integration bears a significant importance. The present thesis is essentially a work on International Economics. As such it is no exception in that it consists of different chapters, all of which address different issues in the field. The first two chapters are theoretical in nature, whereas the third is empirical. The last chapter provides a technical reference to mathematical problems encountered in the first chapter. The first chapter is concerned with one of the negative effect of internat

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12

Eisenschmidt, Jens. "Capital Flows and Trade in an Integrated World." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24673.

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The world we live in is increasingly integrated. For the work of economists, increasing international integration bears a significant importance. The present thesis is essentially a work on International Economics. As such it is no exception in that it consists of different chapters, all of which address different issues in the field. The first two chapters are theoretical in nature, whereas the third is empirical. The last chapter provides a technical reference to mathematical problems encountered in the first chapter. The first chapter is concerned with one of the negative effect of internat

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13

Mensah, Isaac <1986&gt. "Three essays in international trade and capital flows." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15027.

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The thesis embodies three chapters addressing three research questions in international trade and capital flows. The first chapter, titled "The Euro's effect on trade: An analysis of “old” and “new” EMU members provides new empirical evidence of the "euro effect" on bilateral trade flows by shedding light on the experience of “new” EMU members. The study covers the period 1988-2015. Our results show a positive but statistically insignificant euro's effect on bilateral trade. That notwithstanding, the “euro effect” is positive for the “new” EMU members. We also find an increase in the concentra

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14

Björkman, Lina, and Maria Ullgren. "Political Trade : A study of the relationship between bilateral trade flows and regime type." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355249.

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In this study we examine how bilateral trade flows are affected by regime type. Previous research with the aim to investigate the effect of regime type on bilateral trade has primarily used a binary definition of democracy, and findings have indicated that democracies trade more extensively with other democracies. In this thesis, we add to the existing literature by disaggregating regime types, defining liberal democracies, electoral democracies and authoritarian regimes, and adopt the well-proven methodology of the gravity model of trade in OLS regressions. We use trade data adopted from IMF

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15

Nilsson, Désirée. "Essays on Trade Flows, Demand Structure and Income Distribution." Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-780.

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This doctoral dissertation consists of four individual essays and an introductory chapter. The common features of the four separate essays are that they analyse international trade flows focusing on the role of demand structures. The first essay uses a gravity model to detect the effects of income-dependent differences in preferences within a country on the export and import of different types of goods. The second essay analyses the effect of income-dependent differences in preferences within a country on the likelihood of firms selecting that particular destination for their exports. The thir

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Nilsson, Désirée. "Essays on trade flows, demand structure and income distribution /." Jönköping : Jönköping International Business School [Internationella handelshögsk. i Jönköping], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-780.

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17

Poole, Jennifer Pamela. "Mobility and information flows in international trade and investment." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3277677.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 10, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-109).

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18

Levchenko, Andrei A. 1977. "Essays on trade and capital flows in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29429.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references and index.<br>This thesis is a collection of essays on the effects of trade and capital flows in developing countries. Chapter 1 starts with the observation that institutions - contract enforcement, property rights, investor protection, and the like - have received a great deal of attention in recent years. I propose a simple model of international trade in which institutional differences are modeled within the Grossman-Hart-Moore framework of contract incompleteness. I show

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19

Lopez, Forero Maria Margarita. "Essays on international trade, capital flows and financial frictions." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E030/document.

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Cette thèse aborde différents sujets ayant trait aux liens entre l’économie réelle et l’économie financière au sein de l’économie internationale. Trois essais abordent ces liens selon différentes perspectives aussi bien micro que macro-économiques. Le premier chapitre, co-écrit avec Jean-Charles Bricongne et Sebastian Franco-Bedoya, évalue l’arbitrage proximité-concentration avec des entreprises multi-produits afin d’identifier le type de lien (complémentarité ou substituabilité) entre les exportations et les IDE. Tandis que les modèles d’IDE horizontal prédisent qu’IDE et exportations se subs

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20

Makochekanwa, Albert. "An econometric analysis of Botswana’s sectoral export trade flows." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25165.

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21

Naqvi, Kaukab Hassan. "Dynamics and determinants of bilateral trade flows of Pakistan." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144515.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(経済学)<br>甲第11848号<br>経博第225号<br>新制||経||203(附属図書館)<br>23628<br>UT51-2005-N682<br>京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済システム分析専攻<br>(主査)教授森棟公夫, 教授柴田章久, 教授西山慶彦<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当

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22

Mbogela, Cosmas Simon. "Trade openness : an African perspective : examining the determinants of trade openness and bilateral trade flows for the African countries." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11314.

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This research entails an empirical examination of the determinants of trade openness in Africa and the determinants of bilateral trade flows between Africa and the BRIC and OECD member countries. Besides, the study examines the impacts of trade openness on the economic growth in Africa. Before all this is done, the study surveys the updated empirical data on the African economy and trade to give a state of the art on the economic development processes in the African continent. Recognising the role of international trade in the global economic growth and considering the marginalisation of Afric

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23

Chua, Swee Teen. "Capital mobility, trade, growth and the environment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324971.

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24

Söderström, Jannice. "Cultural Distance : An Assessment of Cultural Effects on Trade Flows." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1339.

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<p>This thesis will investigate trade patterns among 77 selected countries and how these pat-terns may be affected by cultural attributes such as similarities in culture, institutions, common border, language, and such cultural characteristics. A cultural- and institutional distance measure will be calculated using the Pythagorean Theorem to assess the various cultural and institutional differences among countries. In more economic terms, a Euclid-ian space between the countries’ scores on each cultural and institutional index is calculated into one measure.</p><p>By the use of the gravity mod

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25

Corlu, Anil. "Income Inequality and Trade Flows: A Country Study for 2001." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9212.

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This paper tests the relationship between income inequality and trade flows. The model is based upon Helena Bohman and Désirée Nilsson (2007) and Mitra Trindade and Dalgin (2008). This paper will set up gravity model for 50 countries which includes, income distribution, population, average individual income level and GINI variable as distribution of disposable income as an explanatory variables. Results confirm that when income inequality increases in the exporting country, export of necessities increase and export of luxuries decrease. Income distribution also shows expected effect on trade f

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26

Abdul, Karim Mohamed Azhar. "Essays on the measurement of marginal intra-industry trade and adjustment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251429.

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27

Cheng, I.-Hui. "Three essays on political economy, trade and international economic integration." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314295.

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28

Lundin, Jesper. "The Gravity of Liberation : An analysis of Hong Kong's trade flows." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30331.

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June 1 1997. After 155 years under British rule, Hong Kong was reunited with its ancient roots, China. The administrative power shifted. What happened then? In this paper we analyze how Hong Kong’s trade flows changed after the liberation. We conduct our analysis with main focus on the trade predicting factors of Gravity, Institutional quality and Hong Kong’s relationship to China. We have found that trade flows did not significantly change much, however, Hong Kong’s attitude towards its trade partners’ institutional quality seem to have. Further, Hong Kong seem to have embraced the reunificat

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29

Ferng, Li-Kung. "Dynamic strategic monetary policies, the trade balance, and international capital flows." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272297267.

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30

HereÌdia, Caldeira Cabral Manuel de. "Factor content of vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade : endowments and requirements as determinants of matched trade flows." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410419.

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31

Van, de Winkel Tijl. "Trade liberalisation and the impact of regional trade flows on the mark-ups in South African manufacturing industries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5680.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-48).<br>Since the mid-1990s South Africa has made considerable progress in opening up its trade regime.This study presents estimates of average mark-ups for the manufacturing industries over the period 1970-2002 and further analyses the impact of trade liberalisation and regional trade flows on the internal competitiveness of South African manufacturing industries between 1988 and 2002. While several international studies have analysed the impact of trade flows, few have analysed the impact of trade liberalisation using tariff data.

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32

Skřivánek, Michal. "Ocenění podniku LIPOVICA trade s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15902.

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Business valuation of micro trading company LIPOVICA trade s.r.o; main business activity of the company is selling and distribution of aluminum radiators on the markets in the Czech and Slovak republic. The valuation is based on discounted cash flows method, economic value added method, capitalization of profits method and simple liquidation method.

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33

Fischer, Manfred M., and Börje Johansson. "Opening Up International Trade in Eastern European Countries. Consequences for Aggregate Trade Flows in the Rhine-Main-Danube Area." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1994. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4191/1/WSG_DP_4094.pdf.

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34

Grande, Adrian. "Gini in the bottle : Does income inequality (Gini) affect trade flows (bottle)?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-145923.

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Consumer studies are well known to assume non-homothetic preferences in their models, as the demand for a good can not be determined by assuming a single representative consumer. The question of how to include non-homothetic preferences into an empirical model for international trade is of importance as if not, the model exclude the demand side reason for trade. And does the effect look different regarding different types of goods. A significant share of countries GDP and the economic growth of a country is relying on trade; hence this question could be of great interest in order to determine

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35

Kavussanos, Manolis George. "An empirical examination of bilateral seaborne trade flows in the world economy." Thesis, City University London, 1992. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8017/.

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The aim of this thesis is to construct a disaggregated econometric model of the pattern of bilateral seaborne trade flows. Commodities are classified into 5 categories according to the type of ship used in their transportation. Exports and imports are classified into 30 regions, according to the major sea-lanes used by ships. An understanding of the determinants of trade f lows at this level of disaggregation is important for shipowners. The use of disaggregated data also helps in the estimation of the price elasticities of traded goods, an issue of more general interest to exporters and polic

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36

Smolka, Marcel [Verfasser], and Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Kohler. "Essays on International Trade and Factor Flows / Marcel Smolka ; Betreuer: Wilhelm Kohler." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1164017918/34.

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37

Vallejo, HernaÌn Eduardo. "World-wide analysis of bilateral trade flows : pattern, performance and commercial openness." Thesis, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322142.

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38

Paley, Jeremy. "Fear of food the effect of food scares on international trade flows /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/6440.

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39

Barua, Suborna. "The impacts of climate change on trade and foreign direct investment flows." Thesis, Federation University Australi, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/171400.

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A growing body of climate economics research suggests that climate change affects production, prices, distribution structures, investments and national income. Studies further describe international trade and climate related investments as key activities in climate impact mitigation and adaptation. However, despite its increasing relevance, the empirical link between climate change and international trade and investment remains largely unexplored. This thesis investigates the climate change impacts on trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows using static and dynamic panel estimations co

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40

Gabrielsson-Kjäll, Frida, and Maria Ädel. "The Impact of the EU GSP Agreement on the Andean Countries' Trade Flows." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12342.

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<p>The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the impact of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) agreement on the export from the Andean Community (AC) to the European Union (EU) between the years 1995 to 2000. The GSP agreement enables developing countries to face lower- or no tariffs when exporting to developed countries. According to Ricardian theory, Heckscher-Ohlin theory, and New Trade theory decreased trade barriers tend to have a positive effect on trade. When analyzing the trade flow between these countries using the gravity model the outcome is found to be consistent with the th

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Habtu, Besrat, and Intisar Ahmed. "The effect of Mercosur on trade : How have Mercosur effected trade between member countries?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38808.

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This thesis examines whether there is an effect of the Mercosur free trade agreement on export and import between member countries. The study uses an extended gravity model framework on a panel data between the years 1975 to 2017 for 34 countries, including the member countries. Two different regressions were run using OLS and country fixed effect. A Linder effect was also added to the regressions to further understand the impact on trade. The results show a significantly positive effect of the FTA on imports. The FTA yielded insignificant and significantly negative result for OLS and FEM resp

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Bertho, Fabien. "The impact of liner shipping trade and competition regulations on the market structure, maritime transport costs and seaborne trade flows." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/7o52iohb7k6srk09mit038srm.

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J’évalue l’impact des réglementations commerciales et concurrentielles dans transport maritime de ligne sur la structure du marché, les coûts de transport et le commerce maritime. D’abord, je quantifie le niveau global des Barrières Commerciales (BC) dans le secteur du transport maritime de ligne en construisant un Indice de Restriction du Commerce des Services (IRCS). Cet indicateur est inclus dans une analyse économétrique en deux étapes. Les BC sont susceptibles d’influencer le commerce maritime à travers les Coûts de Transport Maritime (CTM). Ainsi, j’évalue l'impact des BC sur les CTM, pu

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43

Muller-Plantenberg, Nikolas. "Essays on the dynamic interaction of trade and capital flows and exchange rates." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2681/.

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The notion that trade and capital flows drive exchange rates is widespread in the financial press but receives scant attention in economic research. The flow market model of the exchange rate has fallen out of fashion in the 1970s, at a time when stock-oriented approaches, such as monetary and portfolio balance models, gained prominence. However, given the limited empirical success of mainstream exchange rate models over the past decades, it may be time for a reassessment of the flow market approach. The aim of this work is to demonstrate how balance of payments imbalances influence the demand

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44

Nähle, Thomas. "Exchange Rates and Trade : The Impacts of the Euro on bilateral Export Flows." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26981.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate how exports are affected by exchange rate risk, by analyzing the effects of the European monetary union (EMU) on exports. This is achieved by using a gravity model for nine EMU and nine non-EMU countries for the time period from 1996 to 2012. Total export values are first analyzed before the change in exports is investigated. The main finding is that the EMU membership does not affect export flows for the sample countries when time dummies are included in the model. Missing time effects to capture business cycles might be an explanation while previou

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Brenton, P. A. "An application of consumer demand theory to the modelling of bilateral trade flows." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376078.

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46

Zhang, Ji. "The evolution of trade flows between Portugal and China : an inter-industry approach." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12503.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus<br>Depois da política de reforma e abertura, durante as últimas 3 décadas, a China foi o principal país com crescimento mais rápido ao nível mundial, sendo que a taxa de crescimento média tem sido superior a 10%. E a China tornou se o maior país em termos de comércio internacional e o segundo maior em termos de economia ao nível mundial. Por outro lado, depois de ter juntado à União Europeia, apesar da grande recessão em 2008/2009 e a crise da Zona Euro entre 2010 e 2013, a economia Portuguesa tem tido um crescimento significante nas últim

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Mthembu, Nokwazi Nombulelo Adora, and M. Z. Shamase. "Bilateral trade flows between South Africa and the BRICS member states, 2011 – 2015." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1802.

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A dissertation submitted to the Department of History in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty Arts at the University of Zululand, 2018.<br>Bilateral trade flows among the BRICS member states thus far have contributed mutually between the progressions of each country and continue to. Nevertheless, South Africa‘s economy does not allow it to continue lagging behind its alliance partners. South Africa needed to be robust when it comes to the trade agreements with the group, since South Africa‘s economy has been scrabbling in growth in the past few years.

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LUARASI, MARSELA. "NON-TARIFF MEASURES AND TRADE FLOWS: THE CASE OF EU AGRI-FOOD STANDARDS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/260421.

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Trade may increase or decrease by imposing food standards. Thus there is not yet a clear trend whether the standards promote or hinder trade. From political point of view, a standard is considered as trade protectionist tool, which in agricultural trade takes the form of the so-called non-tariff measure (NTMs) including the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs), which is in the focus of this research work. The objective of this work is to quantify the protectionism of MRLs standards relative to the stringency of international standards of Codex Alimentarius and to give insights on the effects of Europ

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Buhre, Louise. "The Dynamics of Trade Affinities : An Assessment of the Globalization of the European Continent." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1340.

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<p>This thesis is an assessment of the dynamics of trade affinities and how they have influenced trade flows in the European continent. The focus is how trade affinities have altered over a time span of four time periods stretching from the 1970s up to today and how these alterations have influenced globalization.</p><p>A total of 41 countries belonging to the European continent have been selected. Furthermore four variables were selected to represent trade affinities; distance, border, colony, and language. These have been selected as they are generally believed to be static and thus should n

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Mangano, Clifford Anthony. "Exchange rates, refinery flexibility, and international petroleum flows." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184945.

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The study analyses the relative separation of the effects of changes in a nation's dollar exchange rate and crude oil's dollar price on a country's short-run crude oil derived demand. It examines the role of the dollar exchange rate on domestic and international petroleum flows and discusses the short-run inefficiencies that occur due to adjustment times in a country's domestic petroleum market. A four-equation, structural model of a country's short-run petroleum demand function for its two petroleum flows (crude oil and imported product) was used. Using the translog function, estimates of dir

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