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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trade of pharmaceuticals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bohlund, Mark. "The Price Effects of Differential Pricing and Parallel Trade in Pharmaceuticals." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5980.

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2

Sweet, Cassandra Mehlig. "The political economy of South-South trade : Indian pharmaceuticals in Brazil." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611233.

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3

Desogus, Claudia <1980&gt. "Competition and Innovation in the EU Regulation of Pharmaceuticals: The Case of Parallel Trade." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3116/1/Claudia_Desogus_Competition_and_Innovation_in_the_Pharmaceutical_Sector.pdf.

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4

Desogus, Claudia <1980&gt. "Competition and Innovation in the EU Regulation of Pharmaceuticals: The Case of Parallel Trade." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3116/.

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5

Hong, Tzay-Pyng. "International patent regime for pharmaceuticals from the Paris Convention to the TRIPS Agreement." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4446.

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Intellectual property protection (IPP) attained its importance in recent years because of the steady increase of intellectual property-endowed goods and technology in global trade. Technology producers, among them multilateral pharmaceutical companies (MPCs) felt that the Paris Convention (the Convention) was not adequate in dealing with trade related issues, and that an agreement was needed to integrate the subject of IPP; especially patent protection for pharmaceuticals, into the broader context of global trade law. The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the

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6

Wilkman, Mats. "Determinants of Swedish Pharmaceutical Exports." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19325.

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In this thesis factors that explain Swedish pharmaceutical export as been analyzed. The period investigated is from 1995 to 2010. The investigation is concluded through the use of a gravity model. It investigates not only the GDP and distance variable but also the effects of GDP/capita, exchange rates and the effect of being a part of the internal market of EU. The effects of having access to the ocean and if the country has English as its official language is investigated as well as the effect of sharing the same religion. The results show that only a smaller subset of countries make up for m

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7

Fazel, Robin. "Enforcing Competition in the Pharmaceutical Sector : - A Multi-Perspective Analysis of Restrictions on Parallel Trade with Pharmaceutical Products." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-379628.

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8

Birg, Laura [Verfasser]. "Parallel Trade of Pharmaceuticals. Conflicts in Health Policy Objectives and Regulatory Externalities in the EU Internal Market / Laura Birg." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024884678/34.

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9

Santos, José Manuel Novais de Magalhães. "A competitividade das exportações da indústria farmacêutica portuguesa." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3423.

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Mestrado em Gestão/MBA<br>A evolução global da humanidade, tanto a nivel social como económico, coloca um imenso desafio e exige um grande progresso à indústria farmacêutica, responsável por desenvolver, produzir e comercializar medicamentos. A evolução social impõe novos padrões de actuação, pelo impacte que o medicamento tem no bem-estar da humanidade, seja na prevenção, seja no tratamento da doença; a globalização económica exige à indústria farmacêutica um crescente aperfeiçoamento empresarial, em domínios que vão desde a qualidade dos produtos, à investigação e desenvolvimento, ao marketi

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10

Beall, Reed. "What is the International Landscape of Essential Medicine Patent Protection and How Can Developing Countries' Medicine Access be Accelerated Within It?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35727.

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This project is at the controversial intersection of medicine patent protection and access to medicines at the international level. Advocates for medicine access argue that medicine patent protection may allow prices to become elevated, thereby frustrating medicine access. But advocates for medicine patent protection argue that the patent system incentivized the research and development to make the product possible in the first place. While this ideological debate is valuable, this doctoral project acknowledges the patent system’s existence and seeks to produce research to advance medicine ac

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11

Satardien, Mogammad Zain. "A critical analysis of the trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights agreement and has South Africa complied with this agreement with special reference to patented pharmaceuticals." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5140_1205413683.

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<p>The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) ia a multilateral international treaty introduced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that came into effect on 1 June 1995. At a basic level it attempted to establish minimum standards for the regulation of intellectual property rights within those countries that are members of the WTO and signatories to it. This thesis served a dual purpose. The first leg was to embark on an investigation into TRIPS, criticallt analyzing the provisions of the Agreement. The important aim here was to analyze and discover whether TRIPS

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12

Vašová, Dominika. "The Role of the WTO in Global Governance." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194540.

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This thesis deals with global governance and its changing structures reflected in the challenges to the functioning of post-war intergovernmental institutions. The main aim of the thesis is to find out whether the World Trade Organization is effective enough in dealing with emerging global issues, which is tested on the case study of the adoption of the TRIPS agreement with special focus on pharmaceuticals. In the first chapter, it provides a theoretical framework of the global governance theory and the means for evaluating the effectiveness of international institutions in global governance t

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13

Basheer, Shamnad. "The invention of an investment incentive for pharmaceutical innovation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b53d2ab0-dcdd-4adc-8728-cdf32e948df6.

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Pharmaceutical drugs are often hailed as the poster child for the proposition that patents foster accelerated rates of innovation. This sentiment stems, in large part, from the significantly high research and development (R&D) costs endemic to the pharmaceutical sector. I argue that if the role of the patent regime is one of fostering higher amounts of investment in the R&D process, it is better served by a direct investment protection regime, where the protection does not depend upon whether or not the underlying idea behind the drug is 'new' and 'inventive', the two central tenets of patent

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14

Чуйко, Олена Андріївна, Елена Андреевна Чуйко, and Olena Andriivna Chuiko. "Linguistic and synergetic aspects of American pharmaceutical trade names." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47234.

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Modern linguistics is characterized by the application of synergetics as an interdisciplinary science. This allows investigating processes and phenomena in complex open nonlinear systems which are capable of selforganization and of information interchange.

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15

Balman, J. A. "Trace metal complexation by some pharmaceutical agents." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376552.

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16

Parke, Michael Ronald. "Legal aspects of trade in medicines." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253785.

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17

Abedi, Valugerdi Natasha. "Parallel trade of pharmaceutical drugs within the European Union : a competition law perspective." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-149739.

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18

Whitworth, Steven Scott. "The untold story of Mexico's rise and eventual monopoly of the methamphetamine trade." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483632.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Western Hemisphere))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Giraldo, Jeanne ; Berger, Marcos. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 27, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72). Also available in print.

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19

Nilsson, Peter Olof. "Parallel trade in pharmaceutical products within the European economic area : a legal and economic inquiry." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-96015.

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20

Owino, Pius S. W. "The impact of structural adjustment on the production and availability of pharmaceutical products in Kenya." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357238.

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21

Perston, Benjamin Blair. "Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectrometry and Chemometrics for Quantitative Analysis of Trace Pharmaceuticals on Surfaces." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1330.

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Cleaning validation, in which cleaned surfaces are analysed for residual material, is an important process in pharmaceutical manufacturing and research facilities. Current procedures usually consist of either swab or rinse-water sampling followed by analysis of the samples. The analysis step is typically either rapid but unselective (conductivity, pH, total organic carbon, etc.), or selective but time-consuming (HPLC). This thesis describes the development of an in situ surface-spectroscopic analysis that removes the need for swab sampling and is both rapid and selective. This method has the p

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22

Samawi, Ghazi Atef. "Intellectual property, trade and investment : a study of the pharmaceutical industry with special reference to Jordan." Thesis, University of Salford, 2009. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26893/.

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The pharmaceutical industry in any country is primarily affected by the degree of protection provided to intellectual property rights (IPRs). In a developed market, after a drug is developed and approved, only the company that developed the drug can manufacture it for a specified period of time. Jordan became a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2000. In order to gain admission to the WTO and obtain trade access benefits, a country must agree to abide by the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which covers a broad range of intellectual prope

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23

Грабовська, О. В. "Економічний аналіз міжнародного та національного ринку фармацевтичної продукції". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/71513.

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Магістерська робота присвячена аналізу глобального та українського ринку фармацевтичної продукції. Вона аналізує поточну ситуацію на ринку, ризики та переваги, основні рушійні сили та основних гравців на ринку. Головна мета цього дослідження — провести аналіз ринку для міжнародної компанії.<br>The master’s thesis focuses on the analysis of the global and Ukrainian market of pharmaceutical products. It examines the current situation on the market, its risks and benefits, the main driving forces and the main players on the market. The main aim of this study is to conduct the market analysis for

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24

Taggart, James Hand. "Strategic determinants of the foreign R & D locational decision : the case of the international pharmaceutical industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314641.

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25

Barros, Tatiana Ferrara. "As atividades de trade marketing aplicadas ao setor farmacêutico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-19012016-152801/.

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Devido ao aumento da concorrência no ponto de venda, maior atenção tem sido dedicada aos canais de distribuição. Além disso, é preciso conquistar a preferência do consumidor no momento da compra. Por esse motivo, diversas empresas têm inserido em suas estruturas organizacionais uma área chamada Trade Marketing. O mesmo fenômeno ocorre no setor farmacêutico: os medicamentos genéricos, similares e referencia competem pela preferência dos consumidores. Este fato contribui para a criação de departamentos de Trade Marketing nas indústrias farmacêuticas. O Trade Marketing pode proporcionar a inte

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26

Boring, Anne. "L'influence de l'industrie pharmaceutique sur la politique commerciale des Etats-Unis : the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on US trade policy." Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090029.

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27

Waddell, Ruth J. H. "Organic and trace metal impurity profiling in illicit ecstasy seizures with the application of chemometric procedures." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273388.

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28

Burt, David G. "An examination of the pharmaceutical responses to the implementation of the Chemists and Druggists Register : the transformation of a trade into a profession." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430355.

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29

Nemkyová, Renata. "Intellectual Property and Access to Medicines: Patent Pooling as Access Enabler in Pharmaceutical Industry." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193645.

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The doctrine of intellectual property is based on the assumption that the exclusivity to commercialize a novel product granted to an inventor creates incentives to conduct research. In some areas, however, intellectual property can constitute a barrier to development of social welfare. In the area of access to medicines in developing countries, the intellectual property-related problem can take two forms. When needed products are not being developed and thus do not exist, lack of availability occurs. Lack of accessibility, on the other hand, arises when necessary medicines do exist, but their

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30

Anumol, Tarun. "Attenuation Of Trace Organic Compounds By Advanced Treatment Technologies In Water Reuse." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332685.

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The ubiquity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water systems is well known. With the increasing implementation of water reuse schemes in the US, concern about potential health effects of these compounds in humans has risen. While potential synergistic effects of chronic low doses exposure to a cocktail of these compounds is still being studied, it is prudent to monitor and attenuate these trace organic compounds (TOrCs) from our water sources. This research initially focused on identifying suitable `indicator' TOrCs based on theoretical physico-chemical parameters and actual ex

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31

KANNAMKUMARATH, SASI S. "TRACE ELEMENTAL SPECIATION USING CHROMATOGRAPHY/CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS COUPLED TO INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD, PHARMACEUTICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085673299.

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32

Kannamkumarath, Sasi S. "Trace elemental speciation using chromatography/capillary electrophoresis coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectometry for food, pharmaceutical and environmental analysis." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1085673299.

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33

Thiab, S. H. H. "The development of analytical procedures for analysis of trace metals in pharmaceutical formulations and the speciation of arsenic in antacids." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/8776/.

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The reliability of data obtained from the existing United States Pharmacopeia (USP) method, USP <231> for elemental impurities (EI) have been questioned in the literature. New regulations regarding EI in pharmaceutical products were recently implemented on the 1st January 2018. The new regulations are USP <232>/<233> and the International Council for Harmonisation equivalent guidelines (ICH Q3D). The new regulations include the use of instrumentation such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The aim of

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34

Greenberg, Chloe Frances. "Onsite Remediation of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Domestic Wastewater using Alternative Systems Including Constructed Wetlands." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84966.

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Pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs) and other trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) encompass a diverse group of chemicals that are not currently monitored or regulated in US drinking water or wastewater. Researchers have found low levels of TOrCs in aquatic and terrestrial environments all over the globe, and observed negative effects on impacted biota. The primary source of TOrCs in the environment is domestic wastewater discharges. Centralized wastewater treatment plants present greater risks on a global scale, but on a local scale, onsite treatment systems may have more potent imp

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35

Vystavna, Yuliya. "Environmental and socio-economic determinants, their impacts on trace metals and pharmaceuticals in watercourses : a comparison on two watersheds of France and Ukraine." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14486/document.

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Les objectifs de cette étude comparative de deux bassins versants en France et en Ukraine» sont de trois ordres : i) déterminer l’occurrence des micropolluants émergents (métaux traces et molécules pharmaceutiques) dans les eaux de surface, ii) permettre leur évaluation qualitative et quantitative et enfin iii) estimer leur distribution en fonction du contexte socio-économique. Cette recherche porte sur l'analyse de l'origine, sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et sur le comportement des micropolluants (métaux traces et molécules pharmaceutiques) dans les eaux de surface des rivières Jalle (

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36

Barclay, Victoria K. H. "Development of LC-MS/MS Methods for the Analysis of Chiral and Achiral Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites in Aqueous Environmental Matrices." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för analytisk farmaceutisk kemi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-171550.

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This thesis describes the development of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for the trace analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their metabolites in aqueous environmental matrices. The research was focused on the development of chiral LC-MS/MS methods for the analysis of fluoxetine and metoprolol, as well as their chiral metabolites in environmental water samples. A method was also developed for the achiral compounds, diazepam and nordiazepam. The LC-MS/MS methods were validated by the use of the isotope-labeled compounds. As these isotope-labe

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37

Lam, Rebecca. "Investigation of two solid sample introduction techniques for the analysis of biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical samples by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102993.

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In this thesis, new approaches to direct trace metals analysis of solid samples by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy were investigated using laser ablation and thermal vaporization systems for solid sample introduction of biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical samples.<br>Laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to pharmaceutical tablets. Precision of analysis depended on laser parameters and could be improved using signal ratios. The feasibility of using laser ablati

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38

Marcellin, Sherry Suzette. "The political economy of pharmaceutical patents : US sectional interests and the African group at the WTO : a case study in international trade decision-making and the possibility for change." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1049/.

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The public international backlash against the TRIPS Agreement and the global pharmaceutical industry that followed in the wake of the March 2001 lawsuit brought by 39 pharmaceutical companies against the government of South Africa prompted a critical investigation into how the current order came into being and how it might be in a process of changing. To do this the thesis follows Cox’s insight in Critical IPE that each successive historical structure generates the contradictions and points of conflict that bring about its transformation (Cox, 1995: 35). The research therefore first looks at t

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Anumol, Tarun, Sylvain Merel, Bradley Clarke, and Shane Snyder. "Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of trace organic contaminants in water." Chemistry Central, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610118.

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BACKGROUND:The widespread utilization of organic compounds in modern society and their dispersion through wastewater have resulted in extensive contamination of source and drinking waters. The vast majority of these compounds are not regulated in wastewater outfalls or in drinking water while trace amounts of certain compounds can impact aquatic wildlife. Hence it is prudent to monitor these contaminants in water sources until sufficient toxicological data relevant to humans becomes available. A method was developed for the analysis of 36 trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) including pharmaceut

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Bjärnram, Carl Johan. "Parallel trade in pharmaceutical products within the EEA: from first to final marketing : balancing the need to protect and promote public health and safety with the EC treaty objective of establishing a common market." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2135/.

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This thesis provides a thorough clarification of the rules governing parallel trade in pharmaceutical products within the EEA; from first to final marketing. More specifically, the thesis provides an analysis of the application of EC competition law (Articles 81 and 82 EC Treaty), the free movement of goods provisions (Articles 28-30 EC Treaty), Community measures, and Member State laws to parallel import-restrictive measures. The EC Treaty and Community measures must, in conjunction with Member State laws, facilitate the establishment of an internal market without compromising public health a

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Oliveira, Alyne Viana de. "Grupos de interesse na formulação da política externa norte-americana : o lobby da indústria farmacêutica /." Marília, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152978.

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Orientador: Carlos Gustavo Poggio Teixeira<br>Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a participação de grupos de interesse na definição da política externa norte-americana ao defenderem seus interesses econômicos. Com base no modelo do jogo de dois níveis proposto por Robert Putnam, considera-se o impacto dos atores domésticos no processo de tomada de decisão na política externa comercial dos Estados Unidos. Sob tal perspectiva, analisaremos como lobby da indústria farmacêutica norte-americana se organizou e quais estratégias foram adotadas por eles para fazer valer os seus int

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42

Heunis, C. "A comparative study of the pharmacy business models with specific reference to Nuclicks and Pick 'n Pay." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53233.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this report is to create a better understanding of the new pharmacy initiatives in the South African market, with specific reference to the Nuclicks and Pick 'n Pay groups. In order to understand the respective business concepts better the following abstracts from each chapter of the study is given. Chapter one is basically the introduction to the study and describes the events that lead to the above mentioned corporate retailers to enter the pharmacy market place. An introduction to Hamel's business model

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Oliveira, Alyne Viana de [UNESP]. "Grupos de interesse na formulação da política externa norte-americana: o lobby da indústria farmacêutica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152978.

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Submitted by Alyne Viana de Oliveira (alynevoliveira@gmail.com) on 2018-03-12T14:06:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Alyne Viana de Oliveira.pdf: 1914408 bytes, checksum: 8cfbfe498a2b7962ceccae0b1245a5f4 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-03-12T17:27:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_av_me_mar.pdf: 1914408 bytes, checksum: 8cfbfe498a2b7962ceccae0b1245a5f4 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T17:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_av_me_mar.pdf: 1914408 bytes, checksum: 8cfbfe498a2b7962ceccae0b1245a5f4 (MD

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Sacco, Solomon Frank. "A comparative study of the implementation in Zimbabwe and South Africa of the international law rules that allow compulsory licensing and parallel importation for HIV/AIDS drugs." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1100.

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"Zimbabwe and South Africa are facing an HIV/AIDS epidemic of such proportions that the populations of these countries will markedly decline in the next ten years despite the existence of effective drugs to treat the symptoms of AIDS and dramatically lower the communicability of the virus. These drugs are under patent protection by companies in the developed world and the patents raise the prices above the level of affordability for HIV infected persons in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has declared a national emergency on HIV/AIDS, apparently in conformance with TRIPS and has issued comp

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Musungu, Sisule Fredrick. "The right to health in the global economy : reading human rights obligations into the patent regime of the WTO-TRIPS Agreement." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/931.

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"The implementation of the TRIPS Agreement, within the wider context of globalisation, has brought about a conflict between the obligation of states to promote and protect health and the achievement of economic goals pursued under the WTO regime. Since trade is the driving engine of globalisation, it is imperative that, at the very least, rules governing it do not violate human rights but rather promote them. The problem of IP and the right to health therefore lies in ensuring that the integration of economic rules and institutional operations in relation to IPRs coincide with states’ obligati

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Sane, Nini. "Evaluation de l'efficacité du traitement des effluents domestiques par un pilote d'assainissement autonome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 3, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BOR30050.

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Ce projet de thèse vise la mise en place d’un système d’assainissement autonome écologique et économique répondant aux normes sanitaires nationales mais aussi la valorisation des déchets solides et liquides issues des ménages dans le secteur agricole. Il entre dans le cadre des objectifs de développement durable (ODD) notamment le point numéro 6 concernant l’accès à l’eau et à l’assainissement pour tous. Une filière d’assainissement autonome a été installé à Keur Moussa dans la région de Thiès au Sénégal. Cette filière dimensionnée pour une maison individuelle pouvant loger jusqu’à 12 habitant

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Catalán, Lapesa Joaquín. "La distribución farmacéutica. Evolución histórica, tendencias de futuro y comercio colaborativo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672751.

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Puede afirmarse que el sector farmacéutico no ha entrado en una época de cambios, sino que lleva sumergido durante las últimas dos décadas en un cambio de época. Entre los agentes del sector sanitario, así como a nivel de la sociedad en general entendemos que existe la necesidad de aumentar el conocimiento y conciencia del papel que juega el sector de la distribución farmacéutica. Las características principales de este sector son la consolidación, globalización y concentración de empresas en el mercado de la distribución; las fuertes inversiones en innovación tecnológica aplicada a la logísti

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Barreto, Ana Cristina Costa. "A flexibilização do acordo TRIPS e a necessidade de respeito aos direitos humanos nas regras da OMC: o humanismo nas relações internacionais." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2769.

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Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2017-03-29T20:31:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Ana Cristina Costa Barreto.pdf: 1379161 bytes, checksum: e932f1f0ba91c5306c603d7f88bca510 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T20:31:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Ana Cristina Costa Barreto.pdf: 1379161 bytes, checksum: e932f1f0ba91c5306c603d7f88bca510 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-04<br>CAPES<br>The global transformations occurring in modernity have led to the emergence of new challenges and the need to search for new perspectives on stakeholder parti

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Кисельова, О. О. "Організація i методика обліку, аналізу і аудиту реалізації товарів". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72281.

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У роботі досліджено теоретичні і практичні аспекти реалізації товарів на підприємствах фармацевтичної галузі, їх облік, аналіз та аудит, а також розроблено шляхи їх удосконалення. Проаналізовано особливості реалізації товарів фармацевтичної галузі. Розроблено практичні рекомендації щодо удосконалення методики обліку, аналізу та аудиту реалізації товарів фармацевтичної галузі.<br>В работе исследованы теоретические и практические аспекты реализации товаров на предприятиях фармацевтической отрасли, их учет, анализ и аудит, а также разработаны пути их совершенствования. Проанализированы особенност

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Yalgin, Hasret. "Vers la synthèse éco-compatible de dérivés de quinoléine biosourcés en flux continu." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2256.

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Les composés incorporant un motif quinoléine occupent une place privilégiée parmi les substances pharmaceutiques, et possèdent également une large variété d’applications dans des domaines comme la cosmétique ou l’agro-alimentaire. Cependant, malgré l’intérêt de ces dérivés hétérocycliques, les synthèses classiques de quinoléines décrites dans la littérature sont peu respectueuses de l’environnement. Pour pallier à ce problème, nous avons envisagé une approche éco-compatibles usant de matières premières bio-sourcées qui serait applicable à l’échelle industrielle. Plus particulièrement, ce proje

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