Relevant bibliographies by topics / Translation shifts

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Translation shifts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Translation shifts.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Translation shifts"

1

Berman, Sidney. "TRANSLATION SHIFTS AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF BIBLE TRANSLATIONS: THE CASE OF RUTH 4:13 IN THE SETSWANA VERSIONS." Journal for Semitics 24, no. 2 (November 17, 2017): 470–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/3464.

Full text
Abstract:
This article proposes that the starting point for the improvement of Bible translations in sub-Saharan Africa is the identification and analysis of translation shifts. Shifts are differences between the corresponding portions of a translation and the source text. The concept of shifts is motivated by the observation that differences between a Bible translation and its source text are inevitable. This article demonstrates that the demarcation and examination of a shift can greatly enlighten the hypothesis of circumstances that caused the shift. Consequently, the translator or reviewer can be alert to the influence of similar circumstances contemporarily and find possible ways to eliminate or modify the shift. The article uses the text of Ruth 4:13 from Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. The three Setswana Bibles that are compared with Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia are the translations by Robert Moffat (1857), Alfred Wookey (1908) and Bible Society of South Africa (1970). After examination and comparison, the article hypothesizes on the circumstances that may have caused the shifts of Ruth 4:13. It ends with suggestions for translating the verse without causing shifts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rezvani, Reza, and Peyman Nouraey. "A Comparative Study of Shifts in English Translations of The Quran: A Case Study on “Yusuf” Chapter." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 17, no. 1 (April 2014): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2014.17.1.70.

Full text
Abstract:
Long since Translation Studies emerged as a nascent academic discipline, it has seen a considerable number of descriptive theories and models, among which, Catford’s (1965) translation ‘shift’ approach has garnered particular attention within the realm of translational comparative studies. Quranic texts have constantly been the center of attention, as the Quran has established itself as the most famous and sublime text in Arabic. As such, the present comparative study aimed at investigating the frequencies of different types of translation shifts occurring in translations form Arabic into English drawing on Catford’s (1956) shift typology. To this end, seven translations of the first thirty verses of the Chapter ‘Yusuf’ rendered by Sarwar, Arberry, Irring, Pickthall, Saffarzade, Shakir and Yusef Ali were selected to be studied. First, each element was compared for any probable shift(s). Then, the Chi-square procedure was applied in order to establish the existence of any statistically significant differences in shift frequencies. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between five types of shifts. The results also revealed that the most frequent translation shifts from Arabic into Persian were Unit shifts and Level shifts with a mean of 83 and 49 respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

van Leuven-Zwart, Kitty M. "Translation and Original." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.2.1.05leu.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This article presents a method for the establishment and description of shifts in integral translations of narrative texts. The method is based on the premise that both micro- and macrostructural shifts in translation can furnish indications of the translational norms adopted by the translator, his interpretation of the original text and the strategy applied during the process of translation. In the first installment of the article (Target 1:2) the first component of the method was discussed, acomparative model for the classification of microstructural shifts. In addition, the theoretical basis of the second component, the descriptive model, was presented, focusing on the effects of microstructural shifts on the macrostructural level. The second installment gives a detailed explanation of the descriptive model (Section 4) and a brief account of the results which were obtained when the method was applied.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Supriyatno, Iwan. "THE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE SHIFT IN THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THESIS ABSTRACTS FOUND AT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY HALU OLEO UNIVERSITY." Journal of Teaching English 4, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jte.v4i1.13908.

Full text
Abstract:
This study is an attempt to contribute in the study of translation shift. The goal is to find out and describe the structure shift that occurs in Indonesian-English translation. This study also analized the accuracy of translations that contain structure shifts. The analysis was specifically directed to the thesis abstracts and their English translation version that taken from the library of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Halu Oleo University. This study employed qualitative design. The total abstracts involved as source of data in this study were 2 abstracts that came from one study program, that is, Early-childhood Education. The analysis of the structure shift was based on the theory of Catford (1965). The result revealed that the structure shifts do exist in the translation of the thesis abstracts. Specifically, there are 10 structure shifts found in this study. Furthermore from these data, 4 of them are considered inaccurate translation; 5 are considered accurate translation; and only 1 is considered very accurate translation. This study concluded that the translator‟s comprehension about the target language system is highly required in order to produce an accurate translation. This study also suggests that the translation shifts shoud be included as one topic to be discussed in translation class. Keywords: Structure shift, Accuracy, Thesis Abstract
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Leuven-Zwart, Kitty M. van. "Translation and Original." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 151–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.1.2.03leu.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This article presents a method for the establishment and description of shifts in integral translations of narrative texts. The method is based on the premise that both micro- and macrostructural shifts in translation can furnish indications of the translational norms adopted by the translator, his interpretation of the original text and the strategy applied during the process of translation. Further it is based on the assumption that research on the nature and frequency of microstructural shifts must precede research on macrostructural ones, in order to guarantee that findings are verifiable and the study repeatable. Thus, the method developed consists of two components: a comparative and a descriptive model. The comparative model is designed for the classification of microstructural shifts, i.e. semantic, stylistic and pragmatic shifts within sentences, clauses and phrases. The descriptive model focuses on the effects of microstructural shifts on the macrostructural level. With the aid of this model shifts with respect to characters, events, time, place and other meaningful components of the text can be determined and described.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Chairina, Melyanda Agustin, Jufrizal Jufrizal, and M. Yusdi. "FORM SHIFTS IN TRANSLATING PASSIVE CLAUSES FOUND IN NOVEL HARRY POTTER: HARRY POTTER AND THE DEATHLY HALLOWS." Humanus 18, no. 2 (November 12, 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/humanus.v18i2.104342.

Full text
Abstract:
Shift is one of the phenomena in translation to suit with the acceptability of translation product. This article aims at finding out the shifts of form in translating passive clauses found in the novel Harry Potter translated by Listiana Srisanti. This research used a qualitative method where the research analysis relied on linguistic description and employed meaning-based to reveal and describe how is the existence of shifts of form and meaning in the translation. The data of this research were passive clauses taken from the novel “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows” as the source language (SL), and the passive clauses translation in the target language (TL) obtained from the translated Novel “Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian.” Based on the data analysis, it shows that the translation shift of form comprised structure shifts 67 data (60%), class shifts 37 data (33 %), and unit shifts 8 data (7%). Even though the shifts found in the translation, there was an acceptable translation of passive clauses. Thus, it indicated that there are shifts in translation, but it was acceptable.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ghoreishi, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein, and Sirwan Aminzadeh. "The Effects of Translation Shifts on The Readability in Translation of Children’s Literature." Asian Social Science 12, no. 6 (May 20, 2016): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n6p239.

Full text
Abstract:
<p>This study examines the effects of translation shifts on the level of readability in translating children’s literature. It conducts this study on three Persian translations of “<em>Alice’s Adventures in the Wonderland</em>” to rank Catford’s shifts based on their effects on the readability of translation. To do that, in this study, the typology of Catford’s shifts will be extended, and the way to measure text readability will be modulated to include the effects of these shifts on the translation readability.</p><p>Thus, Ranking 14 types of shifts, the study reveals that complex shifts (represented as clauses and groups in the texts) are more effective than simple shifts (which are symbolized as single word -nouns and adjective, determiners- in the text) on the readability of translations. This means the complex shifts are more recognizable for children. Of course, verbs, although are mostly the representatives of simple shifts, are very effective on readability of text. Since, they, along with clause and group segments, are will recognizable for them. Therefore children cannot determine the place of single words in the text, but are expert in realizing word clusters in form of clauses and groups.</p>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Károly, Krisztina. "Shifts in repetition vs. shifts in text meaning." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 40–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.22.1.04kar.

Full text
Abstract:
This study focuses on the discoursal role of repetition, exploring the way shifts in repetition patterns in text trigger coherence shifts, altering the meaning potential of translations. As repetition in translation has been hypothesized to be affected by certain universals of translation, the paper also offers initial data to support the universals of explicitation and avoiding repetition. Lexical repetitions are investigated using Hoey’s (1991) theory in a corpus of Hungarian—English news texts. Analyses reveal considerable shifts in repetition in translations; however, these differences are not statistically significant. The corpus also provides evidence for repetition shifts affecting the macropropositional structure of target texts, leading to macropropositional shifts, which alter the global meaning of translations compared to sources.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Astari, Nyoman Yuli. "THE SHIFT OF LEXICAL COHESION IN TRANSLATION OF THE NOVEL THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES." Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture 7, no. 1 (June 2, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ljlc.2019.v07.i01.p07.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This paper aims to describe the translation equivalent of the lexical cohesion found in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; and to identify the effects of shift of cohesion in translation of “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes “ and its translation. In this paper qualitative descriptive method is used to describe or analyze the data of shift of cohesion in translation. The finding shows that the lexical cohesion in the text is built by a number of repetition, synonymy, near-synonymy, superordinate, general word and collocation. Shifts of cohesion found in the novel are shifts in the level of explicitness and shifts in the textual meaning(s). Shifts in the level of explicitness; i.e. the general level of the target texts’ textual explicitness is higher or lower than that of the source text and Shifts in the textual meaning(s); i.e. the explicit and implicit meaning potential of the source text changes through translations. Key words: lexical cohesion, translation strategy, and shift of cohesion.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Mabruroh, Mabruroh. "An Analysis on Indonesian English Translation Shifts Found in Two Short Stories of Bilingual Children Book Series Published by “Gema Insani”." LUNAR 2, no. 02 (November 5, 2018): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/ln.v2i02.532.

Full text
Abstract:
English is international language which everyone should understand even a little. In this research, the researcher deals about translation shift especially in the bilingual children books. Indonesian is the source language while English as the target language. The objective of this research are to find out kinds of translations shift and to know how are the translation shift applied in translating two of short stories there are “Cerita Si Lebah and Cerita Si kupu-kupu”. This book very interesting, many children like to read this book, because this book makes children easy to learn English. In book Cerita Si Lebah and Si Kupu-Kupu translating Indonesian into English there are a shifting. Shift is departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from SL into the TL. There are two types Translation shift they are Level Shift and Category Shift. The method of this research uses descriptive qualitative method. The data analysis used by the researcher is content analysis. The researcher read and compares both Indonesian as the source language and English as the target language. The researcher took the entire sentence from the Indonesian text and English text, check whether there are shifts in translations which are taken the valid data. Then, analyze the types of translation shifts occurred and draw conclusion based on the analysis. The objects being analyzed are books entitle Cerita Si Lebah and Cerita Si Kupu-Kupu. The researcher takes the data from that’s book found 22 data there are 1 data is Level Shift and 21 data is category shift. Then, from Cerita si Lebah was found 9 data, they are level shift and category shift. The category shifts found are unit shift, structure shift and class shift. From Cerita Si Kupu-Kupu book found 13 data they are category shift, they are structure shift and Intra system shift. So, it can be concluded that the translation shift found in two short are mostly category shift.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Translation shifts"

1

Hemsworth, Kirsty. "Translation and/as empathy : mapping translation shifts in 9/11 fiction." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19920/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis seeks to establish an unprecedented empathic approach to the comparative analysis of 9/11 fiction in translation. The central tenet of this study is that translation – as a creative, subversive and disarming force – is a fundamentally empathic process. As parallel and reciprocal works of fiction, 9/11 novels and their translations are not only bound by the centrifugal force of the traumatic event at their centres, but perform, expand and subvert the same empathic structures and interactions on which they are founded. By foregrounding an innovative comparison of translation shifts, this thesis will map the potential for interactivity and reciprocity across the translation divide, and reinstate the translated text as a rich terrain for textual analysis. This thesis will focus on four key works of fiction and their French translations: Falling Man and L’homme qui tombe (Don DeLillo), The Submission and Un Concours de Circonstances (Amy Waldman), Terrorist and Terroriste (John Updike), and The Zero and Le Zéro (Jess Walter). This topographical overview of 9/11 fiction offers a deliberately fragmentary and episodic account of a genre that is unsettled in translation, with a view to capturing, and testing the limits of, the vast temporal, empathic and imaginative networks in which the texts and their translations participate. By drawing complex empathic maps of 9/11 fiction and their translations, this thesis will emphasise the value of translation shifts as an innovative and critical tool for literary analysis. It seeks to expand the limits of contemporary literary translation approaches to accommodate dynamic, empathic forms of analysis and textual modes of comparison, where both source and target texts are indivisible from the empathically-unsettled terrains in which they are forged.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lascar, Elisabeth Ramirez, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, Faculty of Education, and Division of Languages and Linguistics. "Shifts of cohesion as manifested in translation." THESIS_FE_DLL_Lascar_E.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/377.

Full text
Abstract:
One of the aims of this study is to identify shifts of cohesion in translation from Spanish into English, with a view to validating Blum-Kulka's proposal that explication is a universal strategy in translation. The study uses the translation work of ten advanced translation students using narrative texts of approximately 250 words in length. Some of these students are native speakers of Spanish and others native speakers of English. Another aim of the study is to examine how cohesive devices are deployed across an ability range of students and to establish whether there are systematic differences in their deployment. The study will also attempt to establish whether the levels of language competence of informants account for specific shifts of cohesion in translation and whether certain shifts of cohesion are motivated by the style of the source and target texts.
Master of Arts (Hons)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lascar, Elisabeth Ramirez. "Shifts of cohesion as manifested in translation /." [Milperra, N.S.W. : The author], 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030707.132350/index.html.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Draganic, Roberto. "On the Translation of Adjectival Pre-Modifiers : A Study of English-Swedish Translation Shifts." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77342.

Full text
Abstract:
This study examined the translation of adjectival pre-modifiers (i.e. pre-modifying adjectives and pre-modifying participles) from English into Swedish. The selection of this topic and material was inspired by previous research on the increasing frequency of noun phrase pre-modification in English, contrasted with notions of Swedish-specific preferences for translating English pre-modifiers into different structures found in previous research and literature. Swedish tendencies included rendering English pre-modifiers as post-modification and the compounding of pre-modifying adjectives or participles with noun phrase heads to form Swedish compound nouns. The concept of translation shifts as labels for translation methods was used to classify translations of adjectival pre-modifiers, in addition to categorising the translation choices based on word class, rank and position. The study concluded that English adjectival pre-modifiers were overwhelmingly translated with formal correspondence (86%), i.e. as adjectival pre-modifiers. The other translation methods that were applied were used considerably less extensively; unit shifts and class shifts constituted 9% and 4% of all translation choices, respectively; omissions of the sense and meaning of the adjectival pre-modifier were found as the translation method for 1% of English adjectival pre-modifiers.  Unit shifts were found to result in a total of 8 different types of structural equivalents to adjectival pre-modifiers. In order of frequency, these were: prepositional phrase, first element of compound noun, extended attribute, pre-modifying prepositional phrase, verb phrase, first element of compound adverb, last element of compound participle and relative clause. Class shifts resulted in 3 categories of formally non-correspondent structures, namely adverb, noun and genitival attribute. The conclusions that could be drawn from the results were that the tendency for the Swedish translation of adjectival pre-modifiers to result in post-modification and compound nouns was small. A qualitative analysis showed that select examples of translations to formally correspondent equivalents were commonly motivated by considerations of readability to reduce sentence length and complexity. Examples of various category shifts were for the most part found to have been caused by the questionable idiomaticity of formally correspondent translation options.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Jawad, Hisham Ali. "Repetition in Arabic literary discourse : patterns, shifts and translation strategies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24738.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis has three goals: to identify patterns of repetition in the Arab writers Taha Hussein’s and Muhammad al-Muwaylihi’s texts, their shift in the English translations, and to establish the translation strategies used in this area. The empirical base material for this study consists of a three-part autobiography (al-Ayyaam, ‘The Days’) and a narrative fiction (Hadiith ‘Isaa ibn Hishaam, ‘Isa ibn Hisham’s Tale’). As a first step Taha Hussein and Muhammad al-Muwaylihi along with their texts are presented and criteria for selecting research material discussed. Secondly, the notion of repetition is explored from the perspective of linguistic and cultural norms, and issues related to the norm theories discussed. Lastly, a comparative analysis is carried out in five chapters to see how instances of repetition are rendered in the English translations. The findings show that Arabic texts utilise repetitive patterns for text-building and rhetorical purposes. These patterns are manifested, on all levels, in phonological, morphological and lexical repetition, lexical doublets paraphrase, parallelism and chiasmus. A stereoscopic type of lexical doublet cements textual cohesion and coherence by signalling complex meaning that goes beyond the confines of the doublet. Patterns of repetition are shifted in the English translations and various translation strategies are applied, the most common being grammatical transposition and reduction. A statistical assessment of the translation of lexical doublets in three samples is done. The samples are about 2500 words each and randomly selected from the autobiography’s three parts. The figures suggest that one translator (Part One) adopts a source text-oriented strategy versus a shifting strategy preferred by the other two. This is a useful indicator of the direction of the translations, towards either adequacy or acceptability.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Choi, Wai Kuan. "Translation shifts of speech roles and modality in legislative and business texts." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586619.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lam, Kin Man. "Culture-specific reference and functional priority : function shifts through speech translation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2178683.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Machali, Rochayah. "The occurrence of shifts and the question of equivalence in translation." Australia : Macquarie University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/44598.

Full text
Abstract:
"March 1990".
Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, School of English & Linguistics, 1991.
Bibliography: leaves 219-221.
PART ONE: Research preliminaries -- The occurrence of shifts and the question of equivalence in translation -- Research methodology -- Theoretical orientation to the analysis of translation and texts -- The profile of major discourse types in Bahasa Indonesia -- PAERT TWO: Chapters of analysis -- The translation of procedural discourses -- The translation of hortatory discourses -- The translation of expository discourses -- The translation of narrative discourses -- PART THREE: Chapters of discussion -- Synthesis of translation shifts -- Translation types and translation equivalence at the textual level -- PART FOUR: Concluding chapter -- Conclusion and implications.
The study focuses on translation shifts, on their occurrence and their consequences, and especially how they relate to the question of equivalence in translation. For this purpose, eight Indonesian source language texts (SLTs) and eighty English translations (TLTs) were analysed, in terms of their, notional and prominent text features, rhetorical purpose, cohesion, topic-comment structures, and topical progression. The results of the analysis show how translators' behaviour and reactions to the SLTs vary, as indicated by divergencies in their translations. The variations indicate the kinds of shift fostered in the translation: obligatory and/or optional. -- Another fruit of the study is the identification of a number of shiftsensitive items in Indonesian grammar, such as /DI-/, /NG-/, /-LAH/. The textual effects of the shifts vary from the localized shift of interpersonal tenor to global shifts affecting text type and sub-type, and even to shifts of referential meaning. Although the shifts of text type and of sub-type show a tendency towards directness and neutrality, the shifts raise the question of whether or not the resulting TLTs can be considered as justified translations and as translation equivalences. The answer is the need to postulate a more flexible and wider view of equivalence, whilst setting up limits to acceptance of shifts which cause mistranslations, i.e shifts of referential meaning. This view provides a basis for distinguishing translation from adaptation and from mistranslation, a distinction which has hitherto been taken for granted in translation and in the training of translators. -- Appendices containing the TL texts (the SL texts are presented in each chapter of analysis) are presented at the back of the thesis. There is also a glossary of terms used in the study.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
viii, 250 leaves
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Dussau, Xavier. "Réflexivité et hyper-réflexivité des shifts à poids bilatéraux." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12618.

Full text
Abstract:
On montre pour plusieurs classes de poids W sur Z, l'hyper-réflexivité du shift bilatéral S sur l'espace de Hilbert de suites pondérées associé au poids W (l'hyper-réflexivité de S est équivalente au fait que tout opérateur borné laissant stables les sous-espaces invariants par translation non triviaux doit commuter avec S). Il n'existe aucun résultat général permettant d'affirmer l'existence de sous-espaces invariants non triviaux, alors que l'hyper-réflexivité du shift signifie que la classe de ces sous-espaces est très riche. Les méthodes utilisées vont du théorème des noyaux de L. Schwartz à des résultats récents de V. V. Kapustin concernant les compressions du shift unilatéral usuel sur un espace de Hardy. Des méthodes de transfert permettent d'étendre certains de ces résultats à des espaces de Hilbert pondérés de fonctions sur la droite réelle.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

AlGhamdi, Abdullah A. "Ideological Shifts in Newspaper Translations in the Arab Gulf Region." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564503071229478.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Translation shifts"

1

Verne, Jules. The complete twenty thousand leagues under the sea: A new translation of Jules Verne's science fiction classic. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

1949-, Morris James Winston, and Institute of Ismaili Studies, eds. The master and the disciple: An early Islamic spiritual dialogue : Arabic edition and English translation of Jaʻfar b. Manṣūr al-Yaman's Kitāb al-ʻĀlim wa'l-ghulām. London: I.B. Tauris, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Baḥrānī, Hāshim ibn Sulaymān. The Qaʼem in the Qurʼan: Translation of al-Maḥajjah fī-mā nazala fī al-Qāʼim al-Ḥujjah. Mumbai: Jafari Propagation Centre, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Orations of the Fatimid caliphs: Festival sermons of the Ismaili imams : an edition of the Arabic texts and English translation of Fatimid khuṭbas. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ṭabarsī, Ḥusayn Taqī al-Nūrī. The shooting star: English translation of An-Najmus saaqib fee ahwaal-e-Imaamul ghaaeb : an account of the concealment of Imam Mahdi (a.s.), the twelfth Imam of the twelver Shia Muslims. Mumbai: Jafari Propagation Centre, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

David, Matthews, ed. The battle of Karbala: A marsiya of Mir Anis. Islamabad, Pakistan: Alhamra, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Abdullo, Foteḣi. Ganjinai iloḣī: Ḣazor sukhan az imomoni pok ("). Dushanbe: Devashtich, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Anis, Mir Babbar Ali. The battle of Karbala: A marsiya of Anis. New Delhi: Rupa & Co., 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

(Translator), Zhou Zhinan, ed. Han Ying gong gong biao shi yu fan yi tan jiu yu shi fan: A study on the English translation of public signs = Hanying gonggong biaoshiyu fanyi tanjiu yu shifan. Beijing Shi: Shi jie zhi shi chu ban she, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Mitton, Tony. al-Ghawwāsāt: Super submarines. al-Qāhirah: Nahḍat Miṣr, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Translation shifts"

1

Hatim, Basil, and Jeremy Munday. "Translation shifts." In Translation, 142–45. Second edition. | London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429266348-18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Hatim, Basil, and Jeremy Munday. "Translation shifts." In Translation, 242–47. Second edition. | London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429266348-32.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hatim, Basil, and Jeremy Munday. "Translation shifts." In Translation, 26–32. Second edition. | London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429266348-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Hatim, Basil, and Jeremy Munday. "Text, genre and discourse shifts in translation." In Translation, 85–91. Second edition. | London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429266348-11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hatim, Basil, and Jeremy Munday. "Text, genre and discourse shifts in translation." In Translation, 202–9. Second edition. | London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429266348-25.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hatim, Basil, and Jeremy Munday. "Text, genre and discourse shifts in translation." In Translation, 300–309. Second edition. | London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429266348-39.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Alves, Fabio, Adriana Pagano, Stella Neumann, Erich Steiner, and Silvia Hansen-Schirra. "Translation units and grammatical shifts." In American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series, 109–42. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ata.xv.07alv.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Chi, Limin. "Modernization Through Translation: Shifts and Trends (1890s–1900s)." In Modern Selfhood in Translation, 1–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1156-7_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Fomicheva, Marina, Núria Bel, and Iria da Cunha. "Neutralizing the Effect of Translation Shifts on Automatic Machine Translation Evaluation." In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 596–607. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18111-0_45.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Zlatnar Moe, Marija. "Register shifts in translations of popular fiction from English into Slovene." In Why Translation Studies Matters, 125–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.88.12zla.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Translation shifts"

1

Dahlan, Suratman, and Saiful Latif. "The Category Shifts in English–Indonesian Translation." In International Conference on Educational Research and Innovation (ICERI 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200204.055.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rosa, Rusdi Noor. "Thematic Progression Shifts in the Translation of Student Translators." In Proceedings of the Sixth of International Conference on English Language and Teaching (ICOELT 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoelt-18.2019.35.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Salsabila, Alika, and Myrna Laksman-Huntley. "Indonesian Translation of French Pronominal Verbs: Procedures and Shifts." In 1st International Conference on Language, Literature, and Arts Education (ICLLAE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200804.043.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Leontyeva, Kseniya. "Cognitive Dominants And Shifts In Sociocultural Perspective In Literary Translation." In Philological Readings. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.04.02.15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Rosa, Rusdi Noor, and Rudy Sofyan. "Theme Shifts in the Translation of Student and Professional Translators." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.159.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Rosa, Rusdi Noor, and Rudy Sofyan. "Theme Shifts in the Translation of Student and Professional Translators." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.266.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Rosa, Rusdi Noor, and Rudy Sofyan. "Theme Shifts in the Translation of Student and Professional Translators." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.52.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Astuti, Widya, Rahmad Husein, and Syahron Lubis. "The Shifts of Themes and Rhemes in The Translation of English Political Texts into Indonesian." In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aisteel-18.2018.84.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Miyanawala, T. P., Mengzhao Guan, and Rajeev K. Jaiman. "Flow-Induced Vibrations of a Square Cylinder With Combined Translational and Rotational Oscillations." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54662.

Full text
Abstract:
In this work, we investigate the combined translation and rotational flow-induced vibration (FIV) of elastically mounted square cylinder in a free-stream at zero incidence angle. We employ a partitioned iterative scheme to solve coupled fluid-rigid body interaction using unstructured grid. The fluid-solid coupled solver and the mesh is verified by investigating pure translational motion cases at zero incidence against published data for a laminar flow past a square cylinder. Further analysis revealed that the increase of mass ratio shifts the lock-in to higher reduced velocity region. The influence of of the torsional motion parameters is analyzed for a pure rotational case. The combined 3-DOF motion is next considered while keeping the above two analyses as reference. It was evident that, even small yaw vibrations adds circulation to the flow and thus increases the vortex intensity. This phenomenon is identified to be responsible for the differences of motion parameters between the isolated DOF cases and combined 3DOF cases. Finally, for the completeness of the study, the influence of 3D effects is estimated for the same geometry and also a high Re case is presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sallati, Carolina, and Klaus Schützer. "The Digitalization Principles from a User- Centered Design Perspective: A Conceptual Framework for Smart Product Development." In Entwerfen Entwickeln Erleben - EEE2021. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil Ralph H. Stelzer, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jens Krzywinski, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2021.49.

Full text
Abstract:
The industry relies on interdisciplinarity to promote advancements. The diverse engineering domains, information technologies, management and social sciences are combined in the industrial environment and oriented o society’s ever-changing demands. In parallel, the demographic shifts caused by population aging present room for innovation on many fronts, such as in health, technology, industry, products, and services, and in the same way in product development processes. In an attempt to tackle such issues, this article discusses how the addressing of the elderly population demands, particularly the demand for smart products, might be supported by the principles of production digitalization. In doing so, it proposes a conceptual framework for the development of smart products for the elderly, sustained by three core pillars: specific product lifecycle stages, Industrie 4.0 requirements for smart product development; and Industrie 4.0 enabling technologies which are integrated by the User-Centered Design philosophy. Their combination into a framework aims at addressing two main points: assist in the translation of elderly real consumers’ expectations and demands into more adequate, appealing products and in creating a transition path for companies who wish to incorporate the principles and technologies of production digitalization in their value chain. Furthermore, the article discusses how this proposal could be validated in the real industrial environment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Translation shifts"

1

Бережна, Маргарита Василівна. Translator’s Gender in the Target Text. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4140.

Full text
Abstract:
For the last three decades, the issue of translator’s gender and its representation in the target text has been actively researched in translation studies. Over the period there appeared numerous, sometimes contradicting views on markers of feminine / masculine / other types of speech, on whether the translator’s gender is revealed in the target text, and on the quality of translation depending on the translator’s gender. The present paper focuses on the translator’s gender markers in the target text. Taking into account the results of other linguists and my own observations, I consider the researched units being either definite or ambiguous markers of the translator’s gender. I want to bring to light gender differences in two Ukrainian translations (female translation by Natalia Tysovska and male translation by Viacheslav Brodovyi) of George R.R. Martin’s A Game of Thrones. The semantic, pragmatic and stylistic shifts in the target text conditioned by the translator’s gender and gender stereotypes blur the sense of the source text. Thus, such shifts should be regarded as unwanted changes and better be avoided.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Barash, Itamar, and Robert E. Rhoads. Translational Mechanisms that Govern Milk Protein Levels and Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586474.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Original objectives: The long term objective of the project is to achieve higher content of protein in the milk of ruminants by modulating the translational machinery in the mammary gland. The first specific aim of the BARD proposal was to characterize responsiveness of various experimental systems to combination of lactogenic hormones and amino acids with particular emphasis on discrimination between the control of total protein synthesis and milk protein synthesis. Based on the results, we planned to proceed by characterizing the stage of protein synthesis in which the stimulation by lactogenic hormones and amino acid occur and finally we proposed to identify which components of the translation machinery are modified. Background to the topic: Milk protein is the most valuable component in milk, both for direct human consumption and for manufacturing cheese and other protein-based products. Attempts to augment protein content by the traditional methods of genetic selection and improved nutritional regimes have failed. The proposal was based on recent results suggesting that the limiting factor for augmenting protein synthesis in the bovine mammary gland is the efficiency of converting amino acids to milk proteins. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Insulin and prolactin synergistically stimulate â-casein mRNA translation by cytoplasmatic polyadenylation. The interaction between insulin and prolactin was demonstrated two decades ago as crucial for milk-protein synthesis, but the molecular mechanisms involved were not elucidated. We found in differentiated CID 9 mouse mammary epithelial cells line that insulin and prolactin synergistically increases the rate of milk protein mRNA translation. We focused on â-casein, the major milk protein, and found that the increase in â-casein mRNA translation was reflected in a shift to larger polysomes, indicating an effect on translational initiation. Inhibitors of the PI3K, mTOR, and MAPK pathways blocked insulin-stimulated total protein and â-casein synthesis but not the synergistic stimulation. Conversely, cordycepin, a polyadenylation inhibitor, abolished synergistic stimulation of protein synthesis without affecting insulin-stimulated translation. The poly(A) tract of â-casein mRNA progressively increased over 30 min of treatment with insulin plus prolactin. The 3’-untranslated region of â-casein mRNA was found to contain a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE), and in reporter constructs, this was sufficient for the translational enhancement and mRNA-specific polyadenylation. Furthermore, insulin and prolactin stimulated phosphorylation of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) but did not increase cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Chamovitz, Daniel, and Albrecht Von Arnim. Translational regulation and light signal transduction in plants: the link between eIF3 and the COP9 signalosome. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696515.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an eight-subunit protein complex that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. Genetic analysis of the signalosome in the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana has shown that the signalosome is a repressor of light dependent seedling development as mutant Arabidopsis seedlings that lack this complex develop in complete darkness as if exposed to light. These mutant plants die following the seedling stage, even when exposed to light, indicating that the COP9 signalosome also has a central role in the regulation of normal photomorphogenic development. The biochemical mode of action of the signalosome and its position in eukaryotic cell signaling pathways is a matter of controversy and ongoing investigation, and recent results place the CSN at the juncture of kinase signaling pathways and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. We have shown that one of the many CSN functions may relate to the regulation of translation through the interaction of the CSN with its related complex, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF3). While we have established a physical connection between eIF3 subunits and CSN subunits, the physiological and developmental significance of this interaction is still unknown. In an effort to understand the biochemical activity of the signalosome, and its role in regulating translation, we originally proposed to dissect the contribution of "h" subunit of eIF3 (eIF3h) along the following specific aims: (i) Isolation and phenotypic characterization of an Arabidopsis loss-of-function allele for eIF3h from insertional mutagenesis libraries; (ii) Creation of designed gain and loss of function alleles for eIF3h on the basis of its nucleocytoplasmic distribution and its yeast-two-hybrid interactions with other eIF3 and signalosome partner proteins; (iii) Determining the contribution of eIF3h and its interaction with the signalosome by expressing specific mutants of eIF3h in the eIF3h- loss-of function background. During the course of the research, these goals were modified to include examining the genetic interaction between csn and eif3h mutations. More importantly, we extended our effort toward the genetic analysis of mutations in the eIF3e subunit, which also interacts with the CSN. Through the course of this research program we have made several critical scientific discoveries, all concerned with the apparent diametrically opposed roles of eIF3h and eIF3e. We showed that: 1) While eIF3e is essential for growth and development, eIF3h is not essential for growth or basal translation; 2) While eIF3e has a negative role in translational regulation, eIF3h is positively required for efficient translation of transcripts with complex 5' UTR sequences; 3) Over-accumulation of eIF3e and loss-of-function of eIF3h both lead to cop phenotypes in dark-grown seedlings. These results were published in one publication (Kim et al., Plant Cell 2004) and in a second manuscript currently in revision for Embo J. Are results have led to a paradigm shift in translation research – eIF3 is now viewed in all systems as a dynamic entity that contains regulatory subuits that affect translational efficiency. In the long-term agronomic outlook, the proposed research has implications that may be far reaching. Many important plant processes, including developmental and physiological responses to light, abiotic stress, photosynthate, and hormones operate in part by modulating protein translation [23, 24, 40, 75]. Translational regulation is slowly coming of age as a mechanism for regulating foreign gene expression in plants, beginning with translational enhancers [84, 85] and more recently, coordinating the expression of multiple transgenes using internal ribosome entry sites. Our contribution to understanding the molecular mode of action of a protein complex as fundamental as eIF3 is likely to lead to advances that will be applicable in the foreseeable future.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Elroy-Stein, Orna, and Dmitry Belostotsky. Mechanism of Internal Initiation of Translation in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696518.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Original objectives Elucidation of PABP's role in crTMV148 IRES function in-vitro using wheat germ extract and krebs-2 cells extract. Fully achieved. Elucidation of PABP's role in crTMV148 IRES function in-vivo in Arabidopsis. Characterization of the physical interactions of PABP and other potential ITAFs with crTMV148 IRES. Partly achieved. To conduct search for additional ITAFs using different approaches and evaluate the candidates. Partly achieved. Background of the topic The power of internal translation via the activity of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) elements allow coordinated synthesis of multiple gene products from a single transcription unit, and thereby enables to bypass the need for sequential transformation with multiple independent transgenes. The key goal of this project was to identify and analyze the IRES-trans-acting factors (ITAFs) that mediate the activity of a crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (crTMV148) IRES. The remarkable conservation of the IRES activity across the phylogenetic spectrum (yeast, plants and animals) strongly suggests that key ITAFs that mediate its activity are themselves highly conserved. Thus, crTMV148 IRES offers opportunity for elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms underlying internal translation in higher plants in order to enable its rational manipulation for the purpose of agricultural biotechnology. Major conclusions and achievements. - CrTMV IRES requires PABP for maximal activity. This conclusion was achieved by PABP depletion and reconstitution of wheat germ- and Krebs2-derived in-vitro translation assays using Arabidopsis-derived PABP2, 3, 5, 8 and yeast Pab1p. - Mutations in the internal polypurine tract of the IRES decrease the high-affinity binding of all phylogenetically divergent PABPs derived from Arabidopsis and yeast in electro mobility gel shift assays. - Mutations in the internal polypurine tract decrease IRES activity in-vivo. - The 3'-poly(A) tail enhances crTMV148 IRES activity more efficiently in the absence of 5'-methylated cap. - In-vivo assembled RNPs containing proteins specifically associated with the IRES were purified from HEK293 cells using the RNA Affinity in Tandem (RAT) approach followed by their identification by mass spectroscopy. - This study yielded a list of potential protein candidates that may serve as ITAFs of crTMV148 IRES activity, among them are a/b tubulin, a/g actin, GAPDH, enolase 1, ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1, 26S proteasome subunit p45, rpSA, eEF1Bδ, and proteasome b5 subunit. Implications, both scientific and agriculture. The fact that the 3'-poly(A) tail enhances crTMV148 IRES activity more efficiently in the absence of 5'-methylated cap suggests a potential joint interaction between PABP, the IRES sequence and the 3'-poly(A). This has an important scientific implication related to IRES function in general.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Christopher, David A., and Avihai Danon. Plant Adaptation to Light Stress: Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586534.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Original Objectives: 1. Purify and biochemically characterize RB60 orthologs in higher plant chloroplasts; 2. Clone the gene(s) encoding plant RB60 orthologs and determine their structure and expression; 3. Manipulate the expression of RB60; 4. Assay the effects of altered RB60 expression on thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic function in plants exposed to different light conditions. In addition, we also examined the gene structure and expression of RB60 orthologs in the non-vascular plant, Physcomitrella patens and cloned the poly(A)-binding protein orthologue (43 kDa RB47-like protein). This protein is believed to a partner that interacts with RB60 to bind to the psbA5' UTR. Thus, to obtain a comprehensive view of RB60 function requires analysis of its biochemical partners such as RB43. Background & Achievements: High levels of sunlight reduce photosynthesis in plants by damaging the photo system II reaction center (PSII) subunits, such as D1 (encoded by the chloroplast tpsbAgene). When the rate of D1 synthesis is less than the rate of photo damage, photo inhibition occurs and plant growth is decreased. Plants use light-activated translation and enhanced psbAmRNA stability to maintain D1 synthesis and replace the photo damaged 01. Despite the importance to photosynthetic capacity, these mechanisms are poorly understood in plants. One intriguing model derived from the algal chloroplast system, Chlamydomonas, implicates the role of three proteins (RB60, RB47, RB38) that bind to the psbAmRNA 5' untranslated leader (5' UTR) in the light to activate translation or enhance mRNA stability. RB60 is the key enzyme, protein D1sulfide isomerase (Pill), that regulates the psbA-RN :Binding proteins (RB's) by way of light-mediated redox potentials generated by the photosystems. However, proteins with these functions have not been described from higher plants. We provided compelling evidence for the existence of RB60, RB47 and RB38 orthologs in the vascular plant, Arabidopsis. Using gel mobility shift, Rnase protection and UV-crosslinking assays, we have shown that a dithiol redox mechanism which resembles a Pill (RB60) activity regulates the interaction of 43- and 30-kDa proteins with a thermolabile stem-loop in the 5' UTR of the psbAmRNA from Arabidopsis. We discovered, in Arabidopsis, the PD1 gene family consists of II members that differ in polypeptide length from 361 to 566 amino acids, presence of signal peptides, KDEL motifs, and the number and positions of thioredoxin domains. PD1's catalyze the reversible formation an disomerization of disulfide bonds necessary for the proper folding, assembly, activity, and secretion of numerous enzymes and structural proteins. PD1's have also evolved novel cellular redox functions, as single enzymes and as subunits of protein complexes in organelles. We provide evidence that at least one Pill is localized to the chloroplast. We have used PDI-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to characterize the PD1 (55 kDa) in the chloroplast that is unevenly distributed between the stroma and pellet (containing membranes, DNA, polysomes, starch), being three-fold more abundant in the pellet phase. PD1-55 levels increase with light intensity and it assembles into a high molecular weight complex of ~230 kDa as determined on native blue gels. In vitro translation of all 11 different Pill's followed by microsomal membrane processing reactions were used to differentiate among PD1's localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles. These results will provide.1e insights into redox regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light stress. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms and factors regulating chloroplast photosynthetic genes is important for developing strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency, crop productivity and adaptation to high light environments.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

McClure, Michael A., Yitzhak Spiegel, David M. Bird, R. Salomon, and R. H. C. Curtis. Functional Analysis of Root-Knot Nematode Surface Coat Proteins to Develop Rational Targets for Plantibodies. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575284.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The goal of this research was to provide a better understanding of the interface between root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and their host in order to develop rational targets for plantibodies and other novel methods of nematode control directed against the nematode surface coat (SC). Specific objectives were: 1. To produce additional monoclonal SC antibodies for use in Objectives 2, 3, and 4 and as candidates for development of plantibodies. 2. To determine the production and distribution of SC proteins during the infection process. 3. To use biochemical and immunological methods to perturbate the root-knot nematode SC in order to identify SC components that will serve as targets for rationally designed plantibodies. 4. To develop SC-mutant nematodes as additional tools for defining the role of the SC during infection. The external cuticular layer of nematodes is the epicuticle. In many nematodes, it is covered by a fuzzy material termed "surface coat" (SC). Since the SC is the outermost layer, it may playa role in the interaction between the nematode and its surroundings during all life stages in soil and during pathogenesis. The SC is composed mainly of proteins, carbohydrates (which can be part of glycoproteins), and lipids. SC proteins and glycoproteins have been labeled and extracted from preparasitic second-stage juveniles and adult females of Meloidogyne and specific antibodies have been raised against surface antigens. Antibodies can be used to gain more information about surface function and to isolate genes encoding for surface antigens. Characterization of surface antigens and their roles in different life-stages may be an important step towards the development of alternative control. Nevertheless, the role of the plant- parasitic nematode's surface in plant-nematode interaction is still not understood. Carbohydrates or carbohydrate-recognition domains (CROs) on the nematode surface may interact with CROs or carbohydrate molecules, on root surfaces or exudates, or be active after the nematode has penetrated into the root. Surface antigens undoubtedly play an important role in interactions with microorganisms that adhere to the nematodes. Polyclonal (PC) and monoclonal (MC) antibodies raised against Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and other plant-parasitic nematodes, were used to characterize the surface coat and secreted-excreted products of M. javanica and M. incognita. Some of the MC and PC antibodies raised against M. incognita showed cross-reactivity with the surface coat of M. javanica. Further characterization, in planta, of the epitopes recognized by the antibodies, showed that they were present in the parasitic juvenile stages and that the surface coat is shed during root penetration by the nematode and its migration between root cells. At the molecular level, we have followed two lines of experimentation. The first has been to identify genes encoding surface coat (SC) molecules, and we have isolated and characterized a small family of mucin genes from M. incognita. Our second approach has been to study host genes that respond to the nematode, and in particular, to the SC. Our previous work has identified a large suite of genes expressed in Lycopersicon esculentum giant cells, including the partial cDNA clone DB#131, which encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase. Isolation and predicted translation of the mature cDNA revealed a frame shift mutation in the translated region of nematode sensitive plants. By using primers homologous to conserved region of DB#131 we have identified the orthologues from three (nematode-resistant) Lycopersicon peruvianum strains and found that these plants lacked the mutation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Translation shifts' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography