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Journal articles on the topic 'Twentieth-Century British India'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

SHARMA, MANISH. "Child marriage debates during British India." VEETHIKA-An International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 7, no. 1 (2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/veethika.2021.07.01.006.

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The social reformers continuously attacked the custom of child marriage in the mid-nineteenth century, but they could not start an organized campaign for various reasons. Apart from individual feminism, the female voice was also quiet. In the late Nineteenth Century, the reformer’s campaign did not attack the religious aspect of child marriage rather focused on its moral and physical elements. Consequently, they restricted their efforts to the sphere of Age of Consent for sexual Consummation of girls only. The Revivalist leaders' massive opposition compelled the British Indian Government not t

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Iqbal, Iftekhar. "The Space between Nation and Empire: The Making and Unmaking of Eastern Bengal and Assam Province, 1905–1911." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 1 (2015): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911814001661.

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The article examines the spatial turn in the contestations between the Indian nation and the British empire, as manifested in the creation and annulment of a new province at the turn of the twentieth century. The province, Eastern Bengal and Assam, was a culmination of the British Indian empire's eastern gaze since the early nineteenth century across northeastern India, Burma, and southern China. While the new province was expected to facilitate the empire's eastward transregional engagements, the national resistance to the scheme was influenced more by the comfort zone of the agro-ecological

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Akita, Shigeru. "Intra-Asian Competition and Collaboration against the West: The N.Y.K. Bombay Line, Tata & Sons, and Indian Cotton at the End of the Nineteenth Century." Asian Review of World Histories 6, no. 2 (2018): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340038.

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Abstract The traditional and orthodox interpretation of the British Raj (colonial rule in India) characterizes it in terms of the economic exploitation of India. However, recent historical studies have focused on the revival or development of the Indian cotton industry at the turn of the twentieth century. This article pays special attention to the rapid development of the Indian cotton-spinning industry as an export industry for the Chinese market and its implications for intra-Asian competition.

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Sreekumar, Hari. "Negotiation and resistance: a history of consumption in British India." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 10, no. 3 (2018): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-05-2017-0019.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the key literature pertaining to consumption during the colonial period in India, broadly covering the time period from the early nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century. The review shows the prominent themes and patterns that help us understand colonial Indian consumers’ encounter with Western products and institutions. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a review of historical research papers and papers pertaining to the colonial period in India. Findings British colonialism introduced new products, institutions and ways o

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Khalfin, N. A. "Indian Missions in Russia in the Late Nineteenth Century and British Historiography of International Relations in Asia." Modern Asian Studies 21, no. 4 (1987): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009252.

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The British Empire's colonial possession of India for many decades of the nineteenth century and in the first half of the twentieth century largely determined the Empire's economic and political pattern. Numerous books and articles on this subject have been written and still more speeches have been delivered, but the most clear-cut and all-round assessment of the significance for Britain of all-out exploitation of the Indian subcontinent and its population was given by Lord Curzon.

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Chervin, Reed. "“Cartographic Aggression”: Media Politics, Propaganda, and the Sino-Indian Border Dispute." Journal of Cold War Studies 22, no. 3 (2020): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00911.

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The middle of the twentieth century witnessed a serious border dispute between China and India. This article explores how these countries used multiple media (e.g., historical documents and film) to support their respective territorial claims. The two countries pursued similar authoritarian approaches by expanding their archival holdings, banning books, and selectively redrawing maps. They regarded dissenting views not only as incorrect but as national security threats. China and India policed domestic media to legitimize government policies and to present their cases to the international comm

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Kumar, Suresh. "Kaleidoscopic Portrayal of Early Twentieth-Century British India: A Study of Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 6 (2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i6.11100.

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Mulk Raj Anand (1905-2004) is considered one of the pioneering Indian writers in English of Anglo-Indian fiction who gained international acclaim. Along with R.K. Narayana, and Raja Rao, he is popularly known as the trio of Indian English novelists. He marked his revolutionary appearance by giving voice to the oppressed section of the society with his novel, Untouchable in 1935. In this novel, he takes a day from the life of Bakha, a young sweeper who is an untouchable because of his work of cleaning latrines in the early 20th century British India. Discrimination based on caste and poverty ar

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Kumar, Suresh. "Kaleidoscopic Portrayal of Early Twentieth-Century British India: A Study of Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 7 (2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i7.11115.

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Mulk Raj Anand (1905-2004) is considered one of the pioneering Indian writers in English of Anglo-Indian fiction who gained international acclaim. Along with R.K. Narayana, and Raja Rao, he is popularly known as the trio of Indian English novelists. He marked his revolutionary appearance by giving voice to the oppressed section of the society with his novel, Untouchable in 1935. In this novel, he takes a day from the life of Bakha, a young sweeper who is an untouchable because of his work of cleaning latrines in the early 20th century British India. Discrimination based on caste and poverty ar

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9

Irschick, Eugene F. "Order and Disorder in Colonial South India." Modern Asian Studies 23, no. 3 (1989): 459–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009513.

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Recently, we have come to see that the perceptions which we had of the decay and destruction of India in the eighteenth century were more than anything else a product of British writing which sought consciously or unconsciously to magnify and color the changes which took place in the eighteenth century to enhance the magnitude of their own ‘achievements’ from then onwards. ‘achievements’ from then onwards. Secondly, we have come to see the interaction of British desires for political security on the one hand and a steady income from land and other taxes as producing a situation first of depres

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Baltar, Enrique. "The origins of Muslim nationalism in British India." Journal of Arts and Humanities 6, no. 5 (2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v6i5.1167.

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<p>British rule of India stripped Muslim elites of their traditional status of ruling class and reduced them to the status of a religious minority doubly pressured by the new conditions of colonial society and competition of the majority Hindu community. These pressures strengthened in the collective imagination the perception of a minority at a disadvantage and it helped the Muslim elites to become gradually aware of their right to constitute in nationhood and the need to organize politically to defend their interests. This article aims to analyze how Islamic nationalism was taking shap

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KLEIN, IRA. "Materialism, Mutiny and Modernization in British India." Modern Asian Studies 34, no. 3 (2000): 545–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00003656.

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British rule in India probably was in the reformist van of colonial regimes, but by Independence relatively few among the Indian populace had benefited notably from Western ‘modernization’. Although praised lavishly by a past generation of English historians for equipping India for ‘rapid progress’ under ‘the rule of law’, British policies hardly represented exemplary social engineering or ‘transformed’ the prosperity, health, well being, education or career opportunities of most Indians. Early in its sway the British raj conceived of implanting on the subcontinent modes of development respons

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Campion, David A. "Authority, accountability and representation: the United Provinces police and the dilemmas of the colonial policeman in British India, 1902–39*." Historical Research 76, no. 192 (2003): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00173.

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Abstract This article examines police administration and the experience of colonial policing in the villages and towns of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, one of the largest and most important regions of British India in the early twentieth century. During this time it was the inefficiency and weakness of the British in their policing methods, rather than the brutally effective use of the Indian Police Service, that fuelled resentment among the population of colonial India and led to widespread discontent among European and Indian officers and constables. Yet throughout this period, the

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Makala, Melissa Edmundson. "BETWEEN TWO WORLDS: RACIAL IDENTITY IN ALICE PERRIN'S THE STRONGER CLAIM." Victorian Literature and Culture 42, no. 3 (2014): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000114.

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Like many Anglo-Indian novelists of her generation, Alice Perrin (1867–1934) gained fame through the publication and popular reception of several domestic novels based in India and England. However, within the traditional Anglo-Indian romance plot, Perrin often incorporated subversive social messages highlighting racial and cultural problems prevalent in India during the British Raj. Instead of relying solely on one-dimensional, sentimental British heroes and heroines, Perrin frequently chose non-British protagonists who reminded her contemporary readers of very real Anglo-Indian racial inequa

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Rashkow, Ezra D. "Wilding the domestic: Camp servants and glamping in British India." Indian Economic & Social History Review 58, no. 3 (2021): 361–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194646211020309.

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How can a jungle be domestic, and a camp servant be a domestic servant? This article argues for a reconceptualisation of historical forests and jungles of India: spaces usually conceived of as wild and hostile in the popular imagination were also a domestic realm. Pushing the boundaries of traditional conceptualisations of both domestic and wild, I examine the lives of late nineteenth to early twentieth-century camp servants and colonial officers living and working in the central Indian hinterland. Building on my work on populations I have referred to as ‘subaltern shikaris’, typically ‘tribal

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Klein, Ira. "Plague, Policy and Popular Unrest in British India." Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 4 (1988): 723–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00015729.

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The dark and fatal passage of plague across the Indian sub-continent in the early twentieth-century, and the inability of Western medicine quickly to halt its incursions symptomized disharmonies in the relationship between modernization and Indian society and ecology. The impact of economic development and environmental change on Indian mortality has been examined elsewhere, but the result was the perpetuation or increase of high death-rates from a multiplicity of diseases through the end of World War I. In the half-century 1872-1921 annual mortality ranged between 40 and 50 per thousand, more

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Sah, Reetesh. "Education System in Nainital during the Nineteenth and Mid-Twentieth Century British India." Quest-The Journal of UGC-HRDC Nainital 11, no. 3 (2017): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-0035.2017.00041.9.

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Constable, Philip. "Scottish Missionaries, ‘Protestant Hinduism’ and the Scottish Sense of Empire in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-century India." Scottish Historical Review 86, no. 2 (2007): 278–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2007.86.2.278.

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This article examines the Scottish missionary contribution to a Scottish sense of empire in India in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Initially, the article reviews general historiographical interpretations which have in recent years been developed to explain the Scottish relationship with British imperial development in India. Subsequently the article analyses in detail the religious contributions of Scottish Presbyterian missionaries of the Church of Scotland and the Free Church Missions to a Scottish sense of empire with a focus on their interaction with Hindu socioreligious th

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LEGG, STEPHEN. "Stimulation, Segregation and Scandal: Geographies of Prostitution Regulation in British India, between Registration (1888) and Suppression (1923)." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 6 (2012): 1459–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000503.

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AbstractThis paper explores the regulation of prostitution in colonial India between the abolition of the Indian Contagious Diseases Act in 1888 and the passing of the first Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act in 1923. It challenges the commonly held assumption that prostitutes naturally segregated themselves in Indian cities, and shows that this was a policy advocated by the Government of India. The object was to prevent the military visiting these segregated areas, in the absence of effective Cantonment Regulations for registering, inspecting, and treating prostitutes. The central government

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Sherpa, Diki. "The Transformation of the Indo-Tibetan Trade in Wool, 1904–1962." China Report 55, no. 4 (2019): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445519875245.

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During the first half of the twentieth century, the wool trade articulated new political and economic relationships between Tibet and the British Raj in India and the world beyond. Kalimpong, the Eastern Himalayan town in North Bengal, flourished on the basis of India’s frontier trade with Tibet for about five decades. By placing the trans-frontier wool trade of colonial India at the centre of analysis, this article seeks to highlight the material history that existed on its landed periphery. An attempt will be made to understand the emergence, pattern and significance of India’s trans-frontie

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Harnetty, Peter. "‘Deindustrialization’ Revisited: The Handloom Weavers of the Central Provinces of India, c. 1800–1947." Modern Asian Studies 25, no. 3 (1991): 455–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00013901.

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When Marx in 1853 denounced the exploitation of India under British rule and wrote of ‘The British intruder who broke up the Indian handloom’ he laid the foundation for an economic critique which has endured to the present day. In the twentieth century, the fate of the Indian handloom weaver has been at the center of the controversy over the concept of the ‘deindustrialization’ of India on which there is now a substantial body of literature. Did the handloom industry collapse in face of competition from manufactured British imports as proponents of this thesis contend? Or were the handloom wea

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Chakravartty, Aryendra. "Understanding India: Bhadralok, Modernity and Colonial India." Indian Historical Review 45, no. 2 (2018): 257–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983617747999.

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This article explores the understandings of mid-nineteenth-century colonial India through the perceptions of Bholanauth Chunder, an anglicised Bengali bhadralok and his early attempt at seeing and experiencing a historical entity called India. The role played by the middle class in forging a sense of anti-colonial nationalism has received significant attention, but this focuses on late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By focusing on the perceptions and visions of an Indian middle class during the mid-nineteenth century, I provide an early articulation of nationalism which preceded the

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Madhwi. "Book Review: Deepak Kumar and Raj Sekhar Basu, eds, Medical Encounters in British India; Samiksha Sehrawat, Colonial Medical Care in North India: Gender State and Society c. 1840–1920; Poonam Bala, ed., Contesting Colonial Authority: Medicine and Indigenous Responses in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India; and Madhuri Sharma, Indigenous and Western Medicine in Colonial India." Indian Economic & Social History Review 56, no. 1 (2019): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464618820149.

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Deepak Kumar and Raj Sekhar Basu, eds, Medical Encounters in British India, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2013, 329 pp.; Samiksha Sehrawat, Colonial Medical Care in North India: Gender State and Society c. 1840–1920, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2013, 292 pp.; Poonam Bala, ed., Contesting Colonial Authority: Medicine and Indigenous Responses in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India, Delhi: Primus Books, 2016, 158 pp.; and Madhuri Sharma, Indigenous and Western Medicine in Colonial India, Delhi: Foundation Books, 2012, 177 pp.

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Sunanda Kapoor and Eva Prasher. "“Reviving Twentieth-century Medical Legacy – The Case of Banarasi Dass Women’s Hospital, Sadar Bazaar, Ambala Cantonment, India”." Creative Space 6, no. 2 (2019): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2019.62004.

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One of the notable advancements of late 19th-early 20th century British India was the introduction of ‘western-style’ medical care for women. Located within confines of the colonial or princely enclaves, a number of women’s hospitals, staffed with trained British female doctors, were established under the Dufferin Fund. But the benefits of medicalised childbirth did not extend to commonplace Indian women. At this point of time, history was also made by certain philanthropic and nationalist individuals who made some pioneering efforts to extend benefits of medicalised childbirth to the vast neg

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Reetz, Dietrich. "In Search of the Collective Self: How Ethnic Group Concepts were Cast through Conflict in Colonial India." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 2 (1997): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014311.

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When the concept of Western nationalism travelled to India in the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century it was carried by British officialdom and an increasingly mobile and articulate Indian élite that was educated in English and in the tradition of British society. Not only did it inspire the all-India nationalist movement, but it encouraged regional politics as well, mainly in ethnic and religious terms. Most of today's ethnic and religious movements in South Asia could be traced back to their antecedents before independence. Looking closer at the three major regional movemen

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LEES, JAMES. "Administrator-scholars and the Writing of History in Early British India: A review article." Modern Asian Studies 48, no. 3 (2013): 826–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x13000322.

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AbstractThe histories of Asian peoples penned by British East India Company officials during the early years of colonial rule—rightly—have long been considered to be doubtful source material within the historiography of South Asia. Their credibility was suspect well before the middle of the twentieth century, when Bernard Cohn's work began to present the British colonial state as one that relentlessly sought to categorize Indian society, and to use the distorted information thus gained to impose its government.However, the histories of these administrator-scholars still retain value—not as acc

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FULLER, C. J. "Anthropologists and Viceroys: Colonial knowledge and policy making in India, 1871–1911." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 1 (2015): 217–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000037.

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AbstractThe anthropology of caste was a pivotal part of colonial knowledge in British India in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Denzil Ibbetson and Herbert Risley, then the two leading official anthropologists, both made major contributions to the study of caste, which this article discusses. Ibbetson and Risley assumed high office in the imperial government in 1902 and played important roles in policy making during the partition of Bengal (1903–5) and the Morley-Minto legislative councils reforms (1906–9); Ibbetson was also influential in deciding Punjab land policy in the 1

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Mukherjee, Mithi. "Sedition, Law, and the British Empire in India: The Trial of Tilak (1908)." Law, Culture and the Humanities 16, no. 3 (2017): 454–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872116685034.

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This article is a historical inquiry into the sedition trial in 1908 of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, one of the most important anticolonial leaders in twentieth-century India. It argues that Tilak, in the grand spectacle of this political trial, rejected the British discourse of imperial justice that had served as the ground of the British Empire until then, and claimed a new discourse of legislative freedom for the people of India. The trial thus marked a fundamental discursive rupture in the history of empire and paved the way for mass anticolonial movements under the leadership of Gandhi.

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Shokoohy, Mehrdad. "The Zoroastrian fire temple in the ex-Portuguese colony of Diu, India." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 13, no. 1 (2003): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135618630200295x.

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AbstractThe ex-Portuguese town of Diu on the island with the same name off the south coast of Saurashtra, Gujarat, is one of the best-preserved and yet least-studied Portuguese colonial towns. Diu was the last of the Portuguese strongholds in India, the control of which was finally achieved in 1539 after many years of futile struggle and frustrating negotiations with the sultanate of Gujarat. During the late sixteenth and seventeenth century Diu remained a main staging post for Portuguese trade in the Indian Ocean, but with the appearance of the Dutch, and later the French and British, on the

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Tumblin, Jesse. "‘Grey Dawn’ in the British Pacific: Race, Security and Colonial Sovereignty on the Eve of World War I." Britain and the World 9, no. 1 (2016): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2016.0213.

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This article examines the way a group of colonies on the far reaches of British power – Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and India, dealt with the imperatives of their own security in the early twentieth century. Each of these evolved into Dominion status and then to sovereign statehood (India lastly and most thoroughly) over the first half of the twentieth century, and their sovereignties evolved amidst a number of related and often countervailing problems of self-defence and cooperative security strategy within the British Empire. The article examines how security – the abstracted political g

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Dabi, Tajen. "Medicine in British Frontier Policy." Indian Historical Review 45, no. 1 (2018): 124–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983617748001.

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Medical missions formed an important part of British colonial policy in the Northeast India. This study will trace the evolution of colonial medical policy from the early decades of twentieth century in Arunachal Pradesh. Considered to be on the fringe of the British Empire which was based in the Brahmaputra Valley, and thus outside the administrative limits of the colony, this study will provide a fresh vista to re-assess British frontier policy in the erstwhile tribal areas of Assam. Medicine, so far, has not been seen or understood to have been part of these colonial interventions in Arunac

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Singh, Megha. "A Portrayal of Nationalism in Rabindranath Tagore’s Gora." Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-A) 27, no. 1 (2021): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrua.2021-27-1-9.

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India witnessed a great many changes in the nineteenth and twentieth century. It has undergone amalgamation and transformation witnessing social, economic and political changes, religious disharmony, clashes and conflicts in the race, and also rising nationalism to subdue colonialism. Rabindranath Tagore, an eminent author of great many novels wrote Gora in 1907during disruptive times which India had undergone. Tagore in Gora portrays Gora as the central character of rising nationalism who voices his concern for the freedom of India from the clutches of British, a revolutionary making effort t

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Scarre, Chris, and Judith Roberts. "The English Cemetery at Surat: Pre-Colonial Cultural Encounters in Western India." Antiquaries Journal 85 (September 2005): 251–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500074400.

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During the seventeenth century East India Company merchants settled in several cities of western India under the control of the Mughal Empire. The most important of these was Surat in Gujarat, where an English cemetery of impressive brick and stucco tombs was established. The style and nature of these monuments provide an insight into the cultural interactions that took place between the English merchants and the local population, as well as indicating the political aspirations of the East India Company officials. A description of these tombs, the earliest dating to 1649, is followed by a disc

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Reddy, Gautham. "The Andhra Sahitya Parishat: Language, nation and empire in colonial South India (1911–15)." Indian Economic & Social History Review 56, no. 3 (2019): 283–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464619852266.

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The Andhra Sahitya Parishat or the Telugu Academy as it was also known occupied a definitive role in the formation of a Telugu public and the development of Telugu literary activism in the early twentieth century. This essay revisits the early years of the Andhra Sahitya Parishat (1911–15) in order to examine questions related to the origins of ‘Telugu Classicism’ and its relationship to Indian negotiations with colonial modernity. By reviewing the Parishat’s membership, early interventions in public literary controversies, and its successful attempts to position itself as a nationalist interm

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ASPENGREN, HENRIK C. "Sociological knowledge and colonial power in Bombay around the First World War." British Journal for the History of Science 44, no. 4 (2010): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087410001305.

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AbstractBy the turn of the twentieth century a distinct ‘social domain’ – along with its constituent parts, problems and internal dynamics – was turned into a political entity, and a concern for state bureaucracies existed across the industrializing world. Specific motivations for this trend may have varied from location to location, but included arguments for higher industrial productivity and less political discontent, often intertwined with a humanitarian impulse in calls for better housing, expanded public health or improved working conditions. As has been well documented, the politicizati

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ROY, KAUSHIK. "Race and Recruitment in the Indian Army: 1880–1918." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 4 (2013): 1310–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000431.

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AbstractIn 1914, the Indian Army was deployed against the enemies of the British Empire. This paper analyses the administrative mechanism as well as the imperial assumptions and attitudes which shaped the recruitment policy of the Indian Army during the First World War. From the late nineteenth century, the Martial Race theory (a bundle of contradictory ideas) shaped the recruitment policy. With certain modifications, this theory remained operational to the first decade of the twentieth century. The construction of the ‘martial races’ enabled the British to play-off different communities again

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SOHONI, PUSHKAR. "Marathi of a Single Type: The demise of the Modi script." Modern Asian Studies 51, no. 3 (2016): 662–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000542.

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AbstractWhile the debates about the use of a single script for rendering the Marathi language became relevant only after the advent of printing, the fast-changing social and political landscapes of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries lent their own weight to the discourse. The debates about the writing system became the venue for various competing social forces and political movements. The issues of region, caste, class, and religion—the core of today's identity politics—were all embroiled in this debate, as were both the British colonial and Indian nationalist governments. In just 150 year

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Constable, Philip. "The Marginalization of a Dalit Martial Race in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Western India." Journal of Asian Studies 60, no. 2 (2001): 439–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2659700.

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Repeatedly in indian recruitment handbooks and army histories of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, self-sufficiency, physical and moral resilience, orderliness and hard work, fighting tenacity, and above all, a sense of courage and loyalty were the characteristics attributed to the Indian martial races. Thus Major-General George MacMunn wrote of the Sikhs:As a fighting man his slow wit and dogged courage give him many of the characteristics of the British soldier at his best.

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FAN, FA-TI, and JOHN MATHEW. "Negotiating natural history in transitional China and British India." BJHS Themes 1 (2016): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2016.6.

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AbstractThis article examines scientific developments in China and India by comparing and contrasting the enterprises of natural history during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From this perspective, the cases of China and India shared some similarities, but also exhibited important differences with respect to the conditions, ideologies, personnel, processes and strategies in scientific development. Two very large countries, with much left unexplored, attracted broad scientific interest in their flora and fauna from the early modern period; the interest intensified in the nin

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Owen, Roger. "The rapid growth of Egypt’s agricultural output, 1890–1914, as an early example of the green revolutions of modern South Asia: some implications for the writing of global history." Journal of Global History 1, no. 1 (2006): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022806000052.

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The article uses comparative Indian material from British India and later, the Pakistani Punjab to ask new questions of the standard accounts of Egypt’s post-1890 cotton boom. It also argues for the particular relevance of the rich Punjabi green revolution data to the Egyptian case, and more generally, for the rewards to be obtained from an academic dialog between selected aspects of late nineteenth and of late twentieth century globalization. Topics analyzed include the impact of the various agricultural revolutions on social and regional inequalities, the issue of sustainability, the role of

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R, SAFEED. "Reimagining the Growth and Development of Tourism in Travancore with Special Emphasis on Kanya kumari." GIS Business 14, no. 3 (2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4076.

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One of the wealthiest and most developed state in the British India was Travancore, which was situated on the south of the Indian Subcontinent. The princely state was blessed with nature and the geographical features are entirely distinct from other places in India. The modern industry like tourism got spatial attention from the government from the beginning of the twentieth century and it accepted several plans for attracting visitors to its tourist spots. A few tourist destinations, which were in pathetic condition were elevated to high standard and world class facilities were arranged to me

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GUPTA, CHARU. "‘Innocent’ Victims/‘Guilty’ Migrants: Hindi public sphere, caste and indentured women in colonial North India." Modern Asian Studies 49, no. 5 (2015): 1345–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x14000031.

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AbstractThis article analyses representations of the indentured woman in the Hindi print-public sphere of colonial north India in the early twentieth century. There have been sophisticated studies on the condition of Indian women in the plantation colonies of the British Empire, this article focuses instead on the vernacular world within India, showing how the transnational movements of these women emigrants led to animated discussions, in which they came to be constructed as both innocent victims and guilty migrants, insiders and outsiders. The ways in which these mobile women came to be repr

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GREEN, NILE. "Jack Sepoy and the Dervishes: Islam and the Indian Soldier in Princely India." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 18, no. 1 (2008): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186307007766.

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Like other Britons in colonial India, Sir William Sleeman had a poor opinion of the traditional holy men who still formed an important part of Indian society in the nineteenth century. Reflecting his writings on the suppression of the Thugs that would make him famous, Sleeman declared that, “There is hardly any species of crime that is not throughout India perpetrated by men in the disguise of these religious mendicants; and almost all such mendicants are really men in disguise”.1 None of these holy men were considered more dubious – more superstitious and reactionary – than the dervishes and

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Ratnagar, Shereen. "Appropriation and Its Consequences: Archaeology under Colonial Rule in Egypt and India." Journal of Egyptian History 13, no. 1-2 (2021): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340055.

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Abstract The beginnings of archaeology in Egypt and in India are the subject of this paper. In both countries, antiquities were carried away by the powerful. Moreover, the hubris of the colonial powers ruling both countries made it inevitable that not only antiquities, but knowledge about the past, were appropriated in different ways. For modern Egyptians, the Pharaonic past was remote in culture and distant in time. The people themselves were until fairly recently prevented from learning the Pharaonic writing, once it was deciphered, by various ways and means. In contrast, in India the coloni

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LUDDEN, DAVID. "Spatial Inequity and National Territory: Remapping 1905 in Bengal and Assam." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 3 (2011): 483–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000357.

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AbstractIn 1905, Viceroy Nathaniel Curzon applied well-worn principles of imperial order to reorganize northeastern regions of British India, bringing the entire Meghna-Brahmaputra river basin into one new administrative territory: the province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. He thereby launched modern territorial politics in South Asia by provoking an expansive and ultimately victorious nationalist agitation to unify Bengal and protect India's territorial integrity. This movement and its economic programme (swadeshi) expressed Indian nationalist opposition to imperial inequity. It established a

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Kidambi, Prashant. "Sport and the Imperial Bond: The 1911 ‘All-India’ Cricket Tour of Great Britain." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 8, no. 3-4 (2013): 261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341256.

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Summary This article explores the interplay of sport, politics and public diplomacy through a case study of the first ‘Indian’ cricket tour of Great Britain in 1911, an extraordinary venture peopled by an improbable cast of characters. Led by the young Maharaja Bhupindar Singh, the newly enthroned ruler of the princely state of Patiala, the team contained in its ranks cricketers who were drawn from different Indian regions and religious communities. The article examines the politics of this intriguing cricket tour against a wider backdrop of changing Indo-British relations and makes three key

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Khuytr, M. D. Mohammad Hashim. "The impact of the religious authority in Iraq's political events (1914-1918) Study in light of the British documents." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 217, no. 1 (2018): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v217i1.556.

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This research aims to the impact of the religious authority follow in the political events in Iraq during the First World War, and culminated in the position of the harbingers established a greater role in the years following the war, both those represented by the fact that a number of uprisings against occupying such as Najaf uprising British authority Najaf in 1918 or the fact that Iraq's major liberal revolution on the thirtieth of June 1920. Within this context revealed British documents is published on the seriousness of the role that the contribution of the religious authority and its me

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Metcalf, Barbara D. "Nationalist Muslims in British India: The Case of Hakim Ajmal Khan." Modern Asian Studies 19, no. 1 (1985): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014530.

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Islamic political rhetoric has had a wide variety of meanings in twentieth-century South Asia. This variety has often been obscured by observers who assume Islamic political symbols to have a single set of meanings as well as by contemporary political figures who attribute to earlier figures their own particular views. In Pakistan today, for example, all national heroes of the past are assumed to have used Islamic symbols exactly as does the current regime. In a recent contest—in which so far no winner has emerged—prizes were offered for portraits depicting Muhammad 'Ali Jinnah, the urbane, we

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HUSSAIN, SHAFQAT. "Forms of Predation: Tiger and Markhor Hunting in Colonial Governance." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 5 (2012): 1212–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000054.

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AbstractIn this paper I compare late nineteenth and early twentieth-century sport hunting of markhor, a mountain goat, by British civil and military officials in the mountainous northern frontier region of Kashmir State, with their hunting of tigers, particularly man-eating tigers in the hilly and plains regions of India. Using these two instances, this paper elucidates and compares two competing visions of colonial governance. The British sportsman hunted man-eating tigers in order to protect Indian society from wild nature. Hunting them was also symbolic of their welfare-oriented governance

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LEE, KUN JONG. "Heinz Insu Fenkl's Memories of My Ghost Brother: An Amerasian Rewriting of Rudyard Kipling's Kim." Journal of American Studies 42, no. 2 (2008): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875808004702.

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Heinz Insu Fenkl's Memories of My Ghost Brother is an Amerasian rewriting of Rudyard Kipling's Kim. Fenkl transforms the adventures of a white boy in colonial India into those of an Amerasian boy in post-/neocolonial Korea and changes the Russo-British rivalry of the nineteenth-century Great Game into the Russo-/Communist–American competition of the twentieth-century Cold War. He resurrects the native voice silenced by colonial discourse and highlights the dilemma of Asian women and their biracial children. He ultimately denounces the troubling legacy of the US military presence in Korea and c

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LALLY, JAGJEET. "Crafting Colonial Anxieties: Silk and the Salvation Army in British India,circa1900–1920." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 3 (2016): 765–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000323.

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AbstractIn the early twentieth century, the Salvation Army in British India transformed its public profile and standing, shifting from being an organization seen by the state as a threat to social order, to being partner to the state in the delivery of social welfare programmes. At the same time, the Army also shaped discussion and anxieties about the precarious position of India's economy and sought to intervene on behalf of the state—or to present itself as doing so—in the rescue of India's traditional industries. The Army was an important actor in debates about the future of traditional ind

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