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Journal articles on the topic 'Two-stroke engine'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Shokrollahihassanbarough, Farzad, Ali Alqahtani, and Mirosław Wyszynski. "Thermodynamic simulation comparison of opposed two-stroke and conventional four-stroke engines." Combustion Engines 162, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116867.

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Today’s technology leveraging allows OP2S (Opposed Piston 2-Stroke) engine to be considered as an alternative for the conventional four-stroke (4S) engines as mechanical drive in various applications, mainly in transportation. In general, OP2S engines are suited to compete with conventional 4-stroke engines where power-to-weight ratio, power-to-bulk volume ratio and fuel efficiency are requirements. This paper does present a brief advent, as well as the renaissance of OP2S engines and the novel technologies which have been used in the new approach. Also precise thermodynamic benefits have been considered, to demonstrate the fundamental efficiency advantage of OP2S engines. Hence, simulations of two different engine configurations have been taken into consideration: a one-cylinder opposed piston engine and two-cylinder conventional piston four-stroke engine. In pursuance of fulfilling this goal, the engines have been simulated in AVL Boost™ platform which is one of the most accurate Virtual Engine Tools, to predict engine performance such as combustion optimization, emission and fuel consumption. To minimize the potential differences of friction losses, the bore and stroke per cylinder are taken as constant. The closed-cycle performance of the engine configurations is compared using a custom analysis tool that allows the sources of thermal efficiency differences to be identified and quantified. As a result, brake thermal efficiency, power and torque of OP2S engine have been improved compared to conventional engines while emission concern has been alleviated.
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2

MITIANIEC, Władyslaw, and Konrad BUCZEK. "Modification of four-stroke engine for operation in two-stroke cycle for automotive application." Combustion Engines 162, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116860.

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The main disadvantages of two-stroke engines such a big fuel consumption and big emission of hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide can be reduced by new proposal of design of two stroke engine based on four stroke engines. The paper describes the operation of high supercharged spark ignition overhead poppet valve two-stroke engine, which enables to achieve higher total efficiency and exhaust gas emission comparable to four-stroke engines. The work of such engines is possible by proper choice of valve timings, geometrical parameters of inlet and outlet ducts and charge pressure. The engine has to be equipped with direct fuel injection system enabling lower emission of pollutants. The work is based on theoretical considerations and engine parameters are determined on the simulation process by use GT-Power program and CFD program for different engine configurations. The initial results included in the paper show influence of valve timing on engine work parameters and predicted exhaust gas emission. The simulation results show that the nitrogen oxides are considerably reduced in comparison to four-stroke engines because of higher internal exhaust gas recirculation. The innovation of this proposal is applying of variable valve timing with turbocharging system in the two-stroke engine and obtaining a significant downsizing effect. The conclusions shows the possibilities of applying two-stroke poppet valve engine as a power unit for transportation means with higher total efficiency than traditional engines with possible change of engine operation in two modes: two- and four stroke cycles. The main disadvantages of two-stroke engines such a big fuel consumption and big emission of hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide can be reduced by new proposal of design of two stroke engine based on four stroke engines. The paper describes the operation of high supercharged spark ignition overhead poppet valve two-stroke engine, which enables to achieve higher total efficiency and exhaust gas emission comparable to four-stroke engines. The work of such engines is possible by proper choice of valve timings, geometrical parameters of inlet and outlet ducts and charge pressure. The engine has to be equipped with direct fuel injection system enabling lower emission of pollutants. The work is based on theoretical considerations and engine parameters are determined on the simulation process by use GT-Power program and CFD program for different engine configurations. The initial results included in the paper show influence of valve timing on engine work parameters and predicted exhaust gas emission. The simulation results show that the nitrogen oxides are considerably reduced in comparison to four-stroke engines because of higher internal exhaust gas recirculation. The innovation of this proposal is applying of variable valve timing with turbocharging system in the two-stroke engine and obtaining a significant downsizing effect. The conclusions shows the possibilities of applying two-stroke poppet valve engine as a power unit for transportation means with higher total efficiency than traditional engines with possible change of engine operation in two modes: two- and four stroke cycles.
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3

Kenny, R. G. "Developments in Two-Stroke Cycle Engine Exhaust Emissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 206, no. 2 (April 1992): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_165_02.

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This paper is concerned with the exhaust emissions from two-stroke cycle spark ignition engines and the means being investigated to reduce them. The simple two-stroke engine has inherently low levels of NOx emissions and high levels of hydrocarbon emissions. The reasons for these emissions characteristics are explained by reference to the open literature. The two-stroke engine is used in a wide range of applications including low-cost, low-output mopeds and high-performance motorcycles. More recently there has been a resurgence of interest in the two-stroke as an alternative to the four-stroke engine for automotive use. A number of the recently reported approaches to emissions control are reviewed, including the use of exhaust oxidation catalysts in simple low-cost engines and direct fuel injection on more costly, multi-cylinder engines.
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4

Ramakrishnan, V., R. Thamilarasan, and K. Purushothaman. "Performance Evaluation of EGR in Two Stroke I.C. Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 812 (November 2015): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.812.60.

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Petrol engines are known for their simplicity, low cost and maintenance. However nowadays use of two stroke petrol engines are fading away from the market. An attempt has been made here to revive the use of these old engines by using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) to improve performances.Short circuiting of fresh charge is an important contributing factor for reduction in performance in two stroke engines. Our project is aimed to reduce short circuiting of fresh charge by admitting cooled exhaust gas to pass through reed valves fitted at the upper end of the transfer passage, in a crank case scavenged two stroke engine. Reed valves were provided at the upper end of the transfer passage using a flange arrangement. Exhaust gas temperature at around 4000 was cooled using a heat exchanger to avoid pre-ignition inside the engine cylinder. The performance of the engine is tested using eddy current dynamometer. The study indicates an appreciable decrease in specific fuel consumption and in HC/CO emissions in a crank case scavenged two stroke engine.
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5

Wilson, Bill. "Modern two‐stroke engine lubrication." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 49, no. 1 (February 1997): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00368799710159230.

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6

Wilson, Bill. "Conventional two‐stroke engine lubrication." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 49, no. 1 (February 1997): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00368799710159249.

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7

Sher, Eran. "Scavenging the two-stroke engine." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 16, no. 2 (January 1990): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1285(90)90045-5.

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8

Sapate, Kumar D., and A. N. Tikekar. "Mechanical Modifications to Convert Small Two Strokes Carbureted Engine to Electronic Fuel Injection System Engine to Reduce Emission and Fuel Consumption." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.213.

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The evolution of four stroke engines and improved environmental pollution control norms has pushed the two-stroke engines towards obsolescence due to their inherent design problems. This has made the existing manufacturers & users of two-stroke engines a setback. In this paper attempt has been made to high light the performance parameters in respect of fuel efficiency and emission control. In this research work an effort is made to retrofit the commonly used two stroke engine for optimal performance by using EFI engine. It mainly includes injector locations with reference to spark plug which decides the combustion efficiency of engine. It also includes the location of different sensors and subsequent modification of silencer. As the automobile engine has to operate at higher speeds, proper and firm mounting of different electronic part is essential which affects the performance of engine. After mechanical modification of engine with EFI system it is tested by connecting it to dynamometer. The results are compared with that of carbureted engine.
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9

MITIANIEC, Wladyslaw. "Study of Atkinson cycle in two-stroke diesel engine with opposed pistons." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-321.

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The paper presents possibilities of change working parameters of two-stroke diesel engine with opposed pistons. Obtaining of higher engine efficiency is realized by applying of Atkinson cycle. Modification of scavenging process by changing pistons position connecting with two crankshafts enables asymmetrical scavenge timing. Decreasing of shorter time of closing exhaust ports before compression process and longer expansion process give higher engine work and with high charging ratio increases engine power. These types of engines are recently recommended for power plant stations. The paper includes full analysis of engine work with scavenge and combus-tion processes for different timing phases based on geometry of the CI Leyland L60 engine by using of CFD modelling and own 0D model. Simulation tests indicate a high scavenge efficiency, good penetration of injected fuel and fast combustion process. The work contains figures of pressure, temperature traces and emission of main chemical species in exhaust gases with comparison of engine works for different timing phases. Atkinson cycle in two-cycle work of engine and full combustion process enables to achieve high total efficiency. The study is an input for realization of such processes in a future of power plant engines with different fuelling systems.
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10

Vilardell, Josep, and Juan Valcárcel. "Powering a two-stroke RNA engine." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 14, no. 7 (July 2007): 574–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0707-574.

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11

Liang, Jinhui, Dongdong Zhang, and Shuwen Wang. "Vibration characteristic analysis of single-cylinder two-stroke engine and mounting system optimization design." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (July 2020): 003685042093063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420930631.

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Compared with four-stroke engines, single-cylinder two-stroke engines have the characteristics of small inertia, high rotational speed, and wide excitation frequency range. However, the structural vibration and noise generated by the two-stroke engine are very violent. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the vibration and noise of the single-cylinder two-stroke engine. Based on the design theory of the engine mounting system, the excitation frequency, direction, and magnitude of a single-cylinder two-stroke engine are analyzed. The rubber isolator is selected as the new mount element, and the dynamic model of the engine powertrain mounting system is established based on ADAMS software. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the design variables of the mounting system, the natural frequency of the mounting system is used as an objective, and the three-directional stiffness of the mounting system is taken as design variables for the optimization problem. The optimization model is solved by the sequential quadratic programming method. The results show that the maximum frequency of the mounting system after optimization is less than 1/[Formula: see text] of the excitation frequency, and the isolation effect is achieved. The dynamic model and the optimization method presented in this article would provide a useful tool for the design and optimization of mounting system for the single-cylinder two-stroke engine to reduce vibration from the engine to the engine support.
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12

Amin, Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, and Abdul Aziz Azhar. "Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Technique: A Review for Application in Two-Stroke Gasoline Engines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.53.

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Since Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) has significantly low temperature combustion, NOx will be dramatically reduced while the mixture will be largely homogenous, thus soot formation will naturally be reduced too. The system can be operated under an ultra lean fuel condition thus able to achieve high efficiency and low emission. In addition to, two-stroke engines advantages i.e. light, simple construction, less components and cheap to manufacture, two-stroke engines have the potential to pack almost twice the power density than that of four-stroke engine with similar capacity. The problem of poor combustion efficiency and high white smoke emission, which is caused by burnt engine oil, can be addressed by the incorporation some features that will ultimately convert a typical two-stroke engine into an efficient HCCI engine demonstrating bulk combustion. This paper briefly described an attempt to modify two-stroke engine design to prove the claim. Such an engine with its conversion will be suitable for use as a prime mover for series Hybrid Electrical Vehicle (HEV) giving high power-to-weight ratio and improved efficiency of the overall vehicle powertrain system.
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13

Kumar T, Jayanth, and Arun M. "Modification of Two Stroke I.C Engine to Reduce Emission and Fuel Consumption." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2010): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2010.v2.97.

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14

Kutlar, Osman Akin, and Fatih Malkaz. "Two-Stroke Wankel Type Rotary Engine: A New Approach for Higher Power Density." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 4096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214096.

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The Wankel engine is a rotary type of four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine. The higher specific power output is one of its strong advantages. In Wankel rotary engine, every eccentric shaft revolution corresponds to one four-stroke cycle, whereas conventional reciprocating engine fulfills four-stroke cycle in two crankshaft revolutions. This means the power stroke frequency is twice that of conventional engines. Theoretically, application of two-stroke cycle on Wankel geometry will duplicate the power stroke frequency. In this research, a single-zone thermodynamic model is developed for studying the performance characteristic of a two-stroke Wankel engine. Two different port timings were adapted from the literature. The results revealed that late opening and early closing port geometry (small opening area) with high supercharging pressure has higher performance at low speed range. However, as the rotor speed increases, the open period of the port area becomes insufficient for the gas exchange, which reduces power performance. Early opening and late closing port geometry (large opening area) with supercharging is more suitable in higher speed range. Port timing and area, charging pressure, and speed are the main factors that characterize output performance. These preliminary results show a potential for increasing power density by applying two-stroke cycle of the Wankel engine.
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15

Kyrtatos, N. P., and I. Koumbarelis. "A Three-Zone Scavenging Model for Two-Stroke Uniflow Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240167.

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A three-zone scavenging model for two-stroke uniflow engines was developed and used in conjunction with a control-volume-type engine simulation code for performance prediction of long stroke uniflow-type marine engines. In this model it is attempted to simulate the three different regions perceived to exist inside the cylinder during scavenging, namely the air, mixing, and combustion products regions, by modeling each region as a separate control volume. Two time-varying coefficients are used to specify the rates of entrainment of the air and the burned gases into the mixing region. Results of the use of the model for predicting the performance of a large marine two-stroke engine are presented.
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16

Moskwa, John J., Wenbo Wang, and Duane J. Bucheger. "A New Methodology for Use in Engine Diagnostics and Control, Utilizing “Synthetic” Engine Variables: Theoretical and Experimental Results." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1387019.

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This paper describes new methodologies and algorithms for use in engine diagnostics that simplify and improve combustion quality monitoring and closed-loop engine control in order to meet stringent emission standards. The “synthetic” variables these algorithms produce can be used to indicate the work produced by each cylinder combustion event at all engine speeds, and can be effectively used for on-board combustion quality measurements, engine diagnostics, and closed-loop control. The algorithms are very simple in form, run in real time, and the methodologies can be applied to compression ignition or spark ignition, 2-stroke or 4-stroke gasoline or diesel engines. Both simulation and experimental results are given for a two-stroke, two-cylinder in-line engine. The rotational dynamics and firing sequence of this configuration of engine is very similar to a four-stroke, four cylinder in-line engine, and nearly identical results will be seen with these two designs. Even more dramatic improvements can be seen with engines of fewer cylinders because of greater variations in their inertial forces. The algorithms can be successfully applied to many other engine configurations as well. Therefore, benefits can be derived from the application of these algorithms and their “synthetic” variables to control strategies for almost all modern small and medium size automotive and marine engines, as well as utility engines used for lawn care, snow removal, and other similar applications.
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17

Wang, Yang, Wuqiang Long, Jingchen Cui, Hua Tian, Xiangyu Meng, Xin Wang, and Duo Xu. "Development of a variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 10-11 (February 12, 2020): 2618–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020901659.

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A new variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine was proposed and designed in this paper. The variable mode valve actuation system can significantly enhance braking safety and improve fuel economy and emission of heavy-duty engines through flexible switching among four-stroke driving mode, two-stroke compression-release braking mode, and cylinder deactivation mode on a conventional four-stroke engine. The switching was controlled by four-stroke driving modules and two-stroke braking modules, both of which have two operation states: effective state and failure state. For the control of the multi-cylinder engine, all cylinders can be divided into several groups, and all the four-stroke driving modules in the same group were controlled by one solenoid valve, as well as all the two-stroke braking modules were controlled by another solenoid valve. A hydraulic-mechanical multi-body dynamics model was established to investigate the switching response of the variable mode valve actuation system. The results indicated that when the engine operated at 2000 r/min, the switching of the four-stroke driving module and the two-stroke braking module required 30 °CA and 101 °CA at most, respectively. In addition, to avoid the conflict between the four-stroke driving valve lift and the two-stroke braking valve lift, the switching between the four-stroke driving mode and the two-stroke compression-release braking mode must have a reasonable sequence. The variable mode valve actuation system has an excellent switching response and it is convenient for the control of the multi-cylinder engine. Therefore, the variable mode valve actuation system has a good application prospect for heavy-duty engines.
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18

OKADA, Kentarou, Masamitu NAKANO, Kazuo SATO, and Touichi SAWADA. "Methane Gas Direct Injection Two-stroke Engine." Proceedings of Ibaraki District Conference 2002 (2002): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeibaraki.2002.63.

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19

., S. Bhattacharya. "ANALYSIS OF PISTON OF TWO STROKE ENGINE." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 06 (June 25, 2014): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0306119.

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20

OKADA, Kentaro, Masamitsu NAKANO, and Kazuo SATO. "Numerical Simulation of Two-stroke Hydrogen Engine." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2003.43 (2003): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2003.43.110.

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21

KARPIŃSKI, Paweł, Konrad PIETRYKOWSKI, and Łukasz GRABOWSKI. "Turbocharging the aircraft two-stroke diesel engine." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-319.

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The power and efficiency of a two-stroke engine strongly depends on the efficiency of the scavenging process which consists in re-moving the rest of the exhaust gases from the cylinder and filling it with a fresh charge. The quality of the charge exchange process is significantly influenced by the construction of the intake system. The paper presents a zero-dimensional model of the aircraft two-stroke opposed-piston diesel engine with two variants of the intake system: with a mechanical compressor and a turbocharger connected in series with a mechanical compressor. Simulation studies of the developed cases were carried out in the AVL BOOST software. For the defined engine operating points, its performance was compared for different designs of the intake system. It was confirmed that the use of a turbocharger with a mechanical compressor extends the range of operating at high altitudes.
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22

Rebhan, Martin, and John Stokes. "Two-stroke/four-stroke multicylinder gasoline engine for downsizing applications." MTZ worldwide 70, no. 4 (April 2009): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03226944.

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23

Maehara, Mitsuhiro, Kuniaki Nakajima, Takenori Fukushima, Kozo Uchiyama, Seiichi Shiga, Mikiya Araki, Hisao Nakamura, and Tomio Obokata. "Operation of a Two-Stroke S. I. Engine with Scavenging-Port Injection of CNG(CNG and Alternative Fuels, CNG Engines)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.409.

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24

GRABOWSKI, Łukasz, Paweł KARPIŃSKI, and Grzegorz BARAŃSKI. "Experimental research of two stroke aircraft diesel engine." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-412.

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This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the opposed-piston diesel engine. This engine was designed during one of the stages of the research on a new-type drive unit for gyrocopter applications. In order to conduct research, a special test stand as well as control and measurement systems were developed. As part of the work on the engine, the fuel injection system, engine temperature control system and measurement systems were designed. In addition, a computer program has been developed for the fuel injection system control (injectors, valves fuel pressure regulators). The paper presents the results of the preliminary tests for a single value of engine speed (1500 rpm) and three values of load defined by torque. The measured value of the indicated pressure made it possible to calculate the maximum pressure. The results obtained from the bench tests were analyzed.
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25

Arabaci, Emre. "Performance analysis of a novel six-stroke otto cycle engine." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190926144a.

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In this study, a simulation model with finite time thermodynamics was presented for an Otto cycle six-stroke engine. In this six-stroke engine, two free strokes occur after the exhaust stroke. These free strokes cause the engine to have higher thermal efficiency. Due to high thermal efficiency, these six-stroke engines can be used in hybrid electric vehicles. In this study, the effect of residual gas fraction and stroke ratio on the effective power and effective thermal efficiency were investigated. In addition, heat balance was obtained for the engine and the use of fuel energy in the engine was examined with the help of performance fractions. In the simulation model, the results are quite realistic as the working fluid was assumed to consist of fuel-air-residual gases mixture.
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26

Tsitsilonis, Konstantinos-Marios, Gerasimos Theotokatos, Nikolaos Xiros, and Malcolm Habens. "Systematic Investigation of a Large Two-Stroke Engine Crankshaft Dynamics Model." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 2486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102486.

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The crankshaft dynamics model is of vital importance to a multitude of aspects on engine diagnostics; however, systematic investigations of such models performance (especially for large two-stroke diesel engines that are widely used in the power generation and shipping industries) have not been reported in the literature. This study aims to cover this gap by systematically investigating the parameters that affect the performance of a two-stroke diesel engine crankshaft dynamics model, such as the numerical scheme as well as the engine components inertia and friction. Specifically, the following alternatives are analysed: (a) two optimal performing numerical schemes, in particular, a stiff ordinary differential equations (ODE) solver and a fast solver based on a piecewise Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) scheme method, (b) the linear and the non-linear inertia-speed approaches, and (c) three engine friction submodels of varying complexity. All the potential combinations of the alternatives are investigated, and the crankshaft dynamics model performance is evaluated by employing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), which consider the results accuracy compared to the measured data, the computational time, and the energy balance error. The results demonstrate that the best performing combination includes the stiff ODE solver, the constant inertia-speed approach and the most simplistic engine friction submodel. However, the LTI numerical scheme is recommended for applications that require fast response due to the significant savings in computational time with an acceptable compromise in the model results accuracy.
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27

Giernalczyk, Mariusz. "Analysis of the Possibility of Using Low Speed Two-Stroke Dual-Fuel Engines for Propulsion of Sea-Going Vessels." Journal of KONES 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0031.

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Abstract The use of gas/LNG to supply marine engines in addition to tangible economic benefits is also a method of limiting emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and meeting strict environmental protection regulations, especially in special areas. The technology of supplying liquid and gas fuels (Dual Fuel) is most easily used in four-stroke engines but the highest thermal efficiency is ensured by combustion two-stroke piston engines. However, in the first two-stroke dual-fuel engines, the gas supply installation was more complicated than in the four-stroke engine. It resulted, among others from the necessity of compressing the gas to high pressures (15÷30 MPa), for which extremely energy-consuming multi-stage compression systems were needed. The complicated technical system is inherently prone to failures, which is why the dual-fuel low-speed two-stroke diesel engines remained for a long period in the design and experimental phase. In recent years, there has been a significant breakthrough thanks to the introduction of new solutions with the possibility of supplying two-stroke engines with low-pressure gas (less than 1.6 MPa). In recent years, many ships powered by two-stroke, dual-fuel internal combustion engines were commissioned. Some ship-owners owning a fleet of LNG carriers with two-stroke diesel engines that so far have been powered only by liquid fuels have decided to adapt them to gas combustion. This required the adaptation of the engine for gas combustion and the expansion of the supply gas fuel system. This paper is an attempt to analyse the legitimacy of introducing two-stroke, dual-fuel internal combustion engines into the propulsion system and adaptation of engines that are already used to burn gas in them. It presents the changes introduced on one of the LNG gas carriers consisting in adapting the engine to gas combustion through modification of the cylinder head and fuel supply installation. Parameter results of the modified engines obtained during sea trials have been presented. Both advantages and disadvantages resulting from gas combustion have been pointed out. Finally, the possibility of this solution application to other LNG carriers was assessed.
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28

NAKASHIMA, Masaru, Shunta MIYAZAKI, Kohei KAWATE, Kota TOSHIMA, Hiroyuki ASOU, Changjun LIN, and Korai TAKAO. "Development of an Opposed-Piston Two-Stroke Engine Device using Model Engines." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2021.74 (2021): B31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2021.74.b31.

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29

Lalić, Branko, Nikola Račić, and Gojmir Radica. "Two-Stroke Low Speed Diesel Engine Simulation Model for NOx Analysis." Transactions on Maritime Science 6, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v06.n01.002.

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All commercial marine engines have to comply with IMO regulations on emissions, especially of nitrogen oxides. This paper describes the gases produced in the combustion process in the diesel engine, and the manner of pollutant creation. Several models of slow-speed diesel engines have been developed and analysed. The characteristics of the simulation model are compared with the characteristics obtained on the testbed, and their differences considered. Using the term for the formation of NOx, as well as independently developed programs in MATLAB, the rate of nitrogen oxide formation was obtained as a function of excess air, pressure and temperature. The reduction of excess air increases adiabatic flame temperature and has an effect on NOx emissions. The obtained results are compared with the actual values measured on the testbed.
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30

Marques, Crístofer, Jean-D. Caprace, Carlos Belchior, and Alberto Martini. "An Approach for Predicting the Specific Fuel Consumption of Dual-Fuel Two-Stroke Marine Engines." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020020.

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Increasing environmental demands, alongside the planned penetration of natural gas as marine fuel, have rendered dual-fuel engines as an attractive prime mover alternative. In this context, knowing the specific fuel consumption is essential to selecting the most efficient engine. The specific fuel consumption can be approached by simulation models with varying levels of complexity that are either implemented by basic programming languages or simulated by dedicated packages. This study aims to develop a simplified model to predict the specific fuel consumption of dual-fuel two-stroke marine engines driving fixed or controllable pitch propellers. The model relies on clear trends approachable by polynomials that were revealed by normalizing specific fuel consumption. This model requires only the value of specific fuel consumption at a nominal maximum continuous rating to predict the engine consumption at any specified rating, including at partial engine load. The outcome of the study shows that the maximum deviations regarding the two simulated engines did not exceed −3.6%. In summary, the proposed model is a fast and effective tool for optimizing the selection of dual-fuel, two-stroke Diesel engines regarding fuel consumption.
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31

Blair, G. P. "The Two-Stroke Cycle Engine, Proscribe or Prosper?" Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 205, no. 2 (April 1991): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1991_205_156_02.

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32

Fischer, Hartmut. "Exhaust gas muffler for a two‐stroke engine." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 4 (October 1992): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.405201.

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33

Kenbeek, D., and G. van der Waal. "High-performance ester-based two-stroke engine oils." Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 8, no. 2 (July 1991): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000080202.

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34

Lam, Edward. "Air intake silencer for a two-stroke engine." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, no. 3 (2000): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1319412.

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35

Sivasankaran, G. A., R. P. S. Bisht, V. K. Jain, M. Gupta, A. Sethuramiah, and V. K. Bhatia. "Jojoba-oil-based two-stroke gasoline engine lubricant." Tribology International 21, no. 6 (December 1988): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-679x(88)90109-0.

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36

Andwari, Amin Mahmoudzadeh, Azhar Abdul Aziz, Mohd Farid Muhamad Said, and Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff. "A Converted Two-Stroke Cycle Engine for Compression Ignition Combustion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.331.

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A new kind of alternative combustion concept that has attracted attention intensively in recent years is called controlled auto-ignition (CAI) combustion. CAI combustion has been proposed and partially implemented with the aim of both improving the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines, achieving cleaner exhaust emissions and lower cyclic variation. An experimental study is conducted through a CAI two-stroke cycle engine in order to investigate the influence of internal exhaust gas recirculation (In-EGR) and external exhaust gas recirculation (Ex-EGR) variation in relation to combustion cyclic variability and exhaust emissions characteristics. Results implied that cyclic variation of both combustion-related and pressure-related parameter is substantially improved. Furthermore remarkable decreased exhaust emissions, unburned hydrocarbon (uHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric dioxide (NOX), was observed.
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37

Wang, Yang, Wuqiang Long, Jingchen Cui, Xin Wang, Hua Tian, and Xiangyu Meng. "Research on two-stroke compression release braking performance of a variable mode valve actuation system." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 9 (December 24, 2019): 1696–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419894449.

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In order to enhance the braking safety and improve the fuel economy and emission of heavy-duty engines, a variable mode valve actuation system which can switch operation modes flexibly among four-stroke driving, two-stroke compression release braking, and cylinder deactivation modes on a four-stroke engine was developed in this article. The switching was controlled by the four-stroke driving module and the two-stroke braking module, both of which have two states: effective state and failure state. Besides, a full-cycle numerical model of a six-cylinder turbocharged engine was established for the performance analysis of two-stroke compression release braking mode. The orthogonal design method was introduced in the present study to obtain the optimum valve parameters which can result in high braking power and maintain the maximum cylinder pressure at a lower level at the same time. Then, the two-stroke compression release brake braking power with the optimum valve parameters was compared with four-stroke compression release braking power. Meanwhile, the two-stroke braking cam profile of the variable mode valve actuation system was designed according to the optimum valve parameters, and the two-stroke braking performance with the dynamic valve lift of the variable mode valve actuation system was validated by the numerical model including the hydraulic system. The results indicated that a higher engine speed leads to higher braking power at the same valve lift. Besides, two-stroke compression release brake braking power of the variable mode valve actuation system achieved 525.3 kW at 2600 r/min and 358.1 kW at 1900 r/min, 52.9% and 71.3% higher than four-stroke compression release braking power, respectively. Although the two-stroke compression release brake braking power with dynamic valve lift is slightly less than that with the optimum valve parameters, it is still much higher than that of the four-stroke compression release braking power. Therefore, it has a good application prospect for heavy-duty engines.
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Borthakur, Mrinal Kumar, Paramartha Nath, and Mr Pranjal Das. "MODIFICATION OF A TWO STROKE IC ENGINE INTO A COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE." International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 8, no. 2S (February 28, 2018): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/ijest/2018/v10i2s/181002s037.

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39

Haddad, S. D. "Piston Motion and Thermal Loading Analyses of Two-Stroke and Four-Stroke Cycle Engines for Locomotives." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 536–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240288.

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Two-stroke cycle and four-stroke cycle diesel engines are in use in rail traction, with the four-stroke cycle design dominating the field. Cycle simulations using computer programs have shown that the conventional two-stroke cycle is somewhat inferior to its four-stroke cycle counterpart in combustion efficiency and thermal loading. Research at Sulzer concluded that the conventional two-stroke cycle engine is not very suitable for locomotive application. A survey by Ricardos, based on an investigation of engines in current production for traction application, suggested that there are potentials in two-stroke cycle design. This paper presents a summary of the results of a research project concerned with comparison of two well-proven typical locomotive diesel engines, one with a two-stroke cycle and the other with a four-stroke cycle. Performance, mechanical loading, thermal loading, and vibration were chosen as parameters to be investigated to provide information on the status of the two cycles in relation to power range, fuel consumption, reliability, and durability, with a view to assisting the users of locomotive engines to make the correct choice.
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40

Sheng, Jing, Yuping Zeng, Guoman Liu, and Rui Liu. "Determination of Weak Knock Characteristics for Two-Stroke Spark Ignition UAV Engines Based on Mallat Decomposition Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1250327.

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Two-stroke spark ignition (SI) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) engines do not allow heavy knock and require a certain knock safety margin. However, weak knock can help the engine increase power output and reduce fuel consumption. To accurately extract the knock characteristics of engine vibration signals under the condition of weak knock, a signal feature extraction method based on the Mallat decomposition algorithm was proposed. Mallat decomposition algorithm can decompose the signal into two parts: a low-frequency signal and a high-frequency noise signal. The decomposed high-frequency noise is eliminated, and the low-frequency signal is retained as the characteristic domain signal. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The engine vibration signal of a two-stroke SI UAV engine was decomposed into the low-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal by the Mallat decomposition algorithm. The low-frequency signal is taken as the knock characteristic domain signal component, and the wavelet packet energy method is used to verify the correctness of the obtained signal component. The relative energy parameter is calculated by using the knock characteristic domain signal component, which can be used as the determination index of knock intensity. This method provides a reference for the weak knock control of two-stroke SI UAV engines.
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41

Harianton, Iwan, Ayi Ruswandi, and Mohammad Nurdin. "Design of New Ecological Combustion Engine with Double Potential Power Output." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.428.

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Internal combustion engine popularity has been won commercially by the four-stroke type engine surpassing the two-stroke and rotary wankel engines in the world market places. Commercial engines both gasoline and diesel fuels are mostly using the four-stroke principle and even the hybrid cars still rely on this type of engine as their backup source of power. Current research in this areas are optimizing the effectiveness of the four-stroke combustion engine related to fuel consumption, fuel-air mixture, reuse of exhaust energy to feed air inflow, fuel control system to feed exact volume of fuel, exact firing time using intelligent control unit and lower hydrocarbon emissions. However, the development in the engine power output generation is limited due to nearly satisfied expectation of the automotive users caused by limited road development; meanwhile, the short range aerospace engine technology has limited attention in the advanced countries but certainly not in the archipelago country such as Indonesia. This paper is classified to initiates first publication from series of research log book on a new engine design that promotes double power output principle called Double Power Ecological Engine (DPE) for power drive vehicles. The design of DPE engine is located in the firing order, which has direct influence to the new design configuration of crank shaft, air inlet, exhaust and the piston head geometry. The ultimate design of this combustion engine is secured under the firing orders, which are made to secure power output twice as much as it is in the four-stroke engine so that double potential power engine is promoted under ecological fuel ethanol. The design of DPE engine of this research is expected to generate 280 kW power output based on the 1.4 liter engine, which commercially generate around 141 kW. Further research will show the effectiveness of the DPE engine design leading to commercial application.
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42

Tian, Zhe, Xin Ping Yan, and Ye Ping Xiong. "Turbocharged Two-Stroke Diesel Engine of Large Vessels Modeling and Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 235 (November 2012): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.235.233.

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In this article, according to the work principle of turbocharged two-stroke diesel engine, the characteristic of volume method model is referenced to package the diesel engine and the packaged model is calculated. According to the Matlab/Simulink software platform, the model will be combined to form a full mean value engine model and join speed controller to control diesel engine speed. The variation of diesel engine’s various performance parameter and the dynamic characteristics based on the speed control law will be observed, which means reaching better purpose of using diesel engine. In the process of mean value engine model design, joining a scavenging coefficient and improving the excess air ratio will increase simulation precision. By means of the correlation analysis, the diesel engine models complying with the control requirements can be determined.
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43

Wang, Xinyan, Jun Ma, and Hua Zhao. "Analysis of mixture formation process in a two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine." International Journal of Engine Research 19, no. 9 (October 17, 2017): 927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417736451.

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The two-stroke engine has the great potential for aggressive engine downsizing and downspeeding because of its double firing frequency. For a given torque, it is characterized with a lower mean effective pressure and lower peak in-cylinder pressure than a four-stroke counterpart. In order to explore the potential of two-stroke cycle while avoiding the drawbacks of conventional ported two-stroke engines, a novel two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine was proposed and designed. In order to achieve the stable lean-burn combustion in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine, the mixture preparation, especially the fuel stratification around the spark plug, should be accurately controlled. As the angled intake scavenge ports produce strong swirl flow motion and complex transfer between the swirl and tumble flows in the two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine, the interaction between the in-cylinder flow motions and the direct injection and its impact on the charge preparation in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine are investigated in this study by three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. Both the single injection and split injections are applied and their impact on the mixture formation process is investigated. The start of injection timing and split injection ratio are adjusted accordingly to optimize the charge preparation for each injection strategy. The results show that the strong interaction between the fuel injection and in-cylinder flow motions dominates the mixture preparation in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine. Compared to the single injection, the split injection shows less impact on the large-scale flow motions. Good fuel stratification around the spark plug was obtained by the late start of injection timings at 300 °CA/320 °CA with an equal amount in each injection. However, when a higher tumble flow motion is produced by the eight scavenge ports’ design, a better fuel charge stratification can be achieved with the later single injection at start of injection of 320 °CA.
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44

Kishan, S., S. R. Bell, and J. A. Caton. "Numerical Simulations of Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Using Coal Fuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 108, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239962.

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An analytical model of a two-stroke cycle, reciprocating, compression ignition engine was used to investigate the ignition and combustion characteristics of coal/water slurry fuels. The engine cycle simulation was based on a thermodynamic analysis of the cylinder contents and consisted of models for the injection, ignition, combustion, mixing, heat transfer, work, and scavenging processes. The thermodynamic analysis resulted in a set of first-order nonlinear, ordinary differential equations which were numerically integrated to obtain instantaneous cylinder gas, droplet, and particle conditions. The simulation results were first compared to experimental data from a large, slow-speed (120 rpm) engine using a coal/water slurry fuel. Complete validation of the model was not possible due to the lack of detailed experimental data, but comparisons are presented which indicate general agreement between measured and computed values. The model was then used to predict the performance of an engine representative of a locomotive medium-speed engine. Engine and fuel parameters were varied to study their effect on ignition and combustion of the coal/water slurry fuel and on the indicated engine performance. Increases in the inlet air temperature improved the ignition and combustion characteristics. Lower equivalence ratios or smaller particle sizes resulted in higher thermal efficiencies. Also, higher reactive coal led to increased cylinder pressures and higher thermal efficiencies due to faster burning rates.
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45

Taranin, A. G. "USAGE FEATURES OF THE ELECTRONIC INDICATORS FOR SHIP’S AND SHORE POWER SUPPLY TWO– STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (DIESEL ENGINES)." EurasianUnionScientists 5, no. 4(73) (May 12, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.5.73.682.

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The present publication illuminate the tasks as follows: Electronic indicator proper usage at four–stroke internal combustion engines (diesel engines) indication; Indication results & diagram proper transfer to PC; indicator diagram top dead center TDC correction and engine performance data output values such as PMI–mean indicated pressure, PME–mean effective pressure, NIND–indicated power and NEFF–effective power proper calculations for each cylinder and engine total.
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46

Taranin, A. G. "USAGE FEATURES OF THE ELECTRONIC INDICATORS FOR SHIP’S AND SHORE POWER SUPPLY TWO– STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (DIESEL ENGINES)." National Association of Scientists 1, no. 27(54) (May 14, 2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2020.1.54.187.

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The present publication illuminate the tasks as follows: Electronic indicator proper usage at four–stroke internal combustion engines (diesel engines) indication; Indication results & diagram proper transfer to PC; indicator diagram top dead center TDC correction and engine performance data output values such as PMI–mean indicated pressure, PME–mean effective pressure, NIND–indicated power and NEFF–effective power proper calculations for each cylinder and engine total
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47

Gregório, Jorge P., and Francisco M. Brójo. "Development of a 4 stroke spark ignition opposed piston engine." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (November 3, 2018): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0039.

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Abstract The purpose of this project was to develop a low-cost OP engine, 4-stroke, gasoline by joining two single-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engines with side valves on the block, removing the heads. The chosed engine was Model EY15 of Robin America. Joining these two engine blocks together made possible to build an opposed-piston engine (OPE) with two crankshafts. In this new engine, the combustion chamber is confined to the space inside the cylinder between the piston heads and the chamber between the valves. The pistons move in the cylinder axis in opposite directions, a feature typical of opposed-piston engines. After building the engine, parameters characteristic of the OPE, such as: rotational speed, torque, fuel consumption and emissions, were measured on an Eddy currents dynamometer. With the collected data, power, specific consumption and overall efficiency were calculated, allowing to conclude that the motor with the opposed-piston configuration is less expensive and is more powerful. The development of the opposed-piston engine in this project has shown that it is feasible to build one engine from a different one already in use, reducing the manufacturing and development costs. In addition, higher power can be obtained with better specific fuel consumption and less vibration.
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48

Wang, Xinyan, Jun Ma, and Hua Zhao. "Analysis of the effect of bore/stroke ratio and scavenge port angles on the scavenging process in a two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 13 (November 14, 2017): 1799–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017735383.

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In this study, a two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline (BUSDIG) engine was proposed and researched to achieve aggressive engine downsizing and downspeeding. Compared to loop or cross scavenged two-stroke engines, the BUSDIG engine can achieve excellent scavenging performance and be operated with higher boost pressure as well as the absence of air and fuel short-circuiting. As a fundamental engine geometric parameter, the bore/stroke (B/S) ratio would directly affect the scavenging process in the uniflow scavenged two-stroke engine. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to investigate the scavenging process in the BUSDIG engine with different B/S ratios. Four B/S ratios of 0.66, 0.8, 1, and 1.3 were analyzed. The results indicate that a bigger B/S ratio leads to deteriorated swirl flow motion but better delivery ratio, scavenging efficiency, and charging efficiency. In order to fulfil the potential of the BUSDIG engine with different B/S ratios, two key scavenge port angles, i.e. axis inclination angle (AIA) and swirl orientation angle (SOA), were varied from the baseline design (AIA = 90°, SOA = 20°) to study their effects on the scavenging process for each B/S ratio design. Overall, a larger AIA leads to lower swirl ratio (SR) but achieves better scavenge performance, which is crucial for a large B/S ratio design. A small SOA design leads to noticeably lower SR but superior scavenging performances for a small B/S ratio design. An intermediate SOA, e.g. 10 and 20°, is preferred to improve the scavenging for a large B/S ratio design.
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KOPCZYŃSKI, Marian, Jacek MAŃCZAK, and Władysław PRZEWOŹNY. "Evolution of two-stroke marine diesel engines design in H. Cegielski-Poznan S.A. production." Combustion Engines 126, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117341.

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The article presents only few chosen issues on the design of two-stroke marine diesel engines produced at HCP, which have a considerable influence on the development of these engines types and provide fully operational basis for a wide future development of these means ofpropulsion. Each of the described representatives of subsequent engine types was, is, or will be produced at HCP-W2.
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50

KOWALAK, Przemysław, Stefan ŻMUDZKI, and Tadeusz BORKOWSKI. "Marine diesel engine – a novel approach of indicated power determination and related uncertainty level." Combustion Engines 168, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-102.

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A proposal of a new method for marine engine indicated power determination, based on direct piston position, instead of crankshaft angular position measurement, was presented. With the aid of bond graph theory, it was proved, that the new method is equivalent to conventional method. To verify hypothesis, that the new method has potential of determined indicated power uncertainty reduction, simulated calculations were carried out. Results of calculations for two marine diesel engines: medium-speed, four stroke and slowspeed two stroke type, at assumption of engine crankshaft constant speed, were compared with results obtained by a conventional method. Data, collected by means of a typical portable, industrial, digital indicator on engines in service, were used for simulation. The uncertainties of engines indicated power determined by means of two methods were analysed. The indicated power uncertainty, achieved for conventional method, was nearly twice higher than for new proposed method. Finally, uncertainty structure was analysed and evaluated for both: new and conventional method of engine indicated power determination.
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