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1

Shokrollahihassanbarough, Farzad, Ali Alqahtani, and Mirosław Wyszynski. "Thermodynamic simulation comparison of opposed two-stroke and conventional four-stroke engines." Combustion Engines 162, no. 3 (2015): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116867.

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Today’s technology leveraging allows OP2S (Opposed Piston 2-Stroke) engine to be considered as an alternative for the conventional four-stroke (4S) engines as mechanical drive in various applications, mainly in transportation. In general, OP2S engines are suited to compete with conventional 4-stroke engines where power-to-weight ratio, power-to-bulk volume ratio and fuel efficiency are requirements. This paper does present a brief advent, as well as the renaissance of OP2S engines and the novel technologies which have been used in the new approach. Also precise thermodynamic benefits have been
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2

Ivanov, A. B., D. A. Man’shev, and S. A. Kriushin. "Two-stroke gasoline engine lubricants." World of petroleum products 1 (2022): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-1-48-58.

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The article considers the design and lubrication of small 2-stroke engines installed on snowmobiles, quad bikes, motorcycles and drones. The compositions of the 2-stroke engine oils, base oils and additives, actual specification JASO, NMMA, API, TISI and ISO are analysed. Concern the short characteristics of JASO engine test methods.
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3

MITIANIEC, Władyslaw, and Konrad BUCZEK. "Modification of four-stroke engine for operation in two-stroke cycle for automotive application." Combustion Engines 162, no. 3 (2015): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116860.

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The main disadvantages of two-stroke engines such a big fuel consumption and big emission of hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide can be reduced by new proposal of design of two stroke engine based on four stroke engines. The paper describes the operation of high supercharged spark ignition overhead poppet valve two-stroke engine, which enables to achieve higher total efficiency and exhaust gas emission comparable to four-stroke engines. The work of such engines is possible by proper choice of valve timings, geometrical parameters of inlet and outlet ducts and charge pressure. The engine has to be
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4

Li, Yaozong, Han Wu, Yanli Liu, et al. "Study on Engine Performance and Combustion System Optimization of a Poppet-Valve Two-Stroke Diesel Engine." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103685.

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Two-stroke engines have higher power density than traditional four-stroke engines, and therefore are suitable for engine downsizing. In this work, a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine is modified for two-stroke operation, and the combustion system is designed and optimized using a 3D simulation. Three different combustion chamber profiles and injection spray angles are compared to determine an optimized combustion system. The engine test results show that the two-stroke engine equipped with the newly designed combustion system is able to achieve the same effective power output at a much
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5

Kenny, R. G. "Developments in Two-Stroke Cycle Engine Exhaust Emissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 206, no. 2 (1992): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_165_02.

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This paper is concerned with the exhaust emissions from two-stroke cycle spark ignition engines and the means being investigated to reduce them. The simple two-stroke engine has inherently low levels of NOx emissions and high levels of hydrocarbon emissions. The reasons for these emissions characteristics are explained by reference to the open literature. The two-stroke engine is used in a wide range of applications including low-cost, low-output mopeds and high-performance motorcycles. More recently there has been a resurgence of interest in the two-stroke as an alternative to the four-stroke
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6

Markov, V. A., F. B. Barchenko, E. A. Savastenko, A. A. Savastenko, Sh R. Lotfullin, and V. A. Neverov. "Forcing a Four-Stroke Engine by Switching it to a Two-Stroke Cycle at Low-Speed Modes." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 2 (743) (February 2022): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-2-38-52.

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Improving the dynamic qualities of internal combustion engines and the throttle response of vehicles equipped with them is an urgent problem in engine building. To solve it, we suggest switching a four-stroke engine to a two-stroke cycle at low-speed modes. Within the study, we found that the worst indicators of fuel efficiency of two-stroke engines are partially compensated by the best indicators of their power density. We took a close look at the switching of the 2 / 4SIGHT gasoline engine of the British company Ricardo from a four-stroke cycle to a two-stroke cycle. To implement the switchi
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7

Dhirendra, Patel, Kumar Singh Abhishek, and sarda and Ritu raj Chirag. "REVIEW SIX STROKE ENGINE." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) 6, no. 1/2 (2017): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2017.6207.

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Now a day the most difficult challenges in engine technology is to increase its thermal efficiency, If the efficiency is higher, than there will less fuel consumption and lower atmospheric emissions per unit of work produced by the engine. In Six Stroke engine, the name indicates a cycle of six strokes in which two are useful power strokes. The engine which we get by adding two more stroke in existing four stroke engines generates more power with higher fuel efficiency. The exhausted heat generated form four stroke cycle is used in this engine to get an additional power and exhaust stroke of t
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8

Dhirendra, Patel, Kumar Singh Abhishek, and sarda and Ritu raj Chirag. "REVIEW SIX STROKE ENGINE." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) 6, no. 1/2 (2017): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2017.6224.

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Now a day the most difficult challenges in engine technology is to increase its thermal efficiency, If the efficiency is higher, than there will less fuel consumption and lower atmospheric emissions per unit of work produced by the engine. In Six Stroke engine, the name indicates a cycle of six strokes in which two are useful power strokes. The engine which we get by adding two more stroke in existing four stroke engines generates more power with higher fuel efficiency. The exhausted heat generated form four stroke cycle is used in this engine to get an additional power and exhaust stroke of t
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9

Ramakrishnan, V., R. Thamilarasan, and K. Purushothaman. "Performance Evaluation of EGR in Two Stroke I.C. Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 812 (November 2015): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.812.60.

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Petrol engines are known for their simplicity, low cost and maintenance. However nowadays use of two stroke petrol engines are fading away from the market. An attempt has been made here to revive the use of these old engines by using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) to improve performances.Short circuiting of fresh charge is an important contributing factor for reduction in performance in two stroke engines. Our project is aimed to reduce short circuiting of fresh charge by admitting cooled exhaust gas to pass through reed valves fitted at the upper end of the transfer passage, in a crank case
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10

Jiang, Hanjie, Ye Zhou, Hann Woei Ho, and Elmi Abu Bakar. "Modeling of two-stroke aviation piston engines for control applications." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 2 (2023): 168781322311532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132231153234.

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Two-stroke Aviation Piston Engines are multivariable systems with severe non-linear dynamics, making their modeling challenging for control engineers. Although many studies have been conducted on simplified modeling of four-stroke gasoline engines and large-scale two-stroke diesel engines for automobiles and ships, only a few have focused on the general modeling of small two-stroke aviation engines. Thus, extensive research on a general modeling method for two-stroke aviation engines is required. A general non-linear Mean Value Engine Model (MVEM) of two-stroke aviation piston engines is devel
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11

Sapate, Kumar D., and A. N. Tikekar. "Mechanical Modifications to Convert Small Two Strokes Carbureted Engine to Electronic Fuel Injection System Engine to Reduce Emission and Fuel Consumption." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.213.

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The evolution of four stroke engines and improved environmental pollution control norms has pushed the two-stroke engines towards obsolescence due to their inherent design problems. This has made the existing manufacturers & users of two-stroke engines a setback. In this paper attempt has been made to high light the performance parameters in respect of fuel efficiency and emission control. In this research work an effort is made to retrofit the commonly used two stroke engine for optimal performance by using EFI engine. It mainly includes injector locations with reference to spark plug whi
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12

Wilson, Bill. "Modern two‐stroke engine lubrication." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 49, no. 1 (1997): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00368799710159230.

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13

Wilson, Bill. "Conventional two‐stroke engine lubrication." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 49, no. 1 (1997): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00368799710159249.

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14

Sher, Eran. "Scavenging the two-stroke engine." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 16, no. 2 (1990): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1285(90)90045-5.

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15

Liang, Jinhui, Dongdong Zhang, and Shuwen Wang. "Vibration characteristic analysis of single-cylinder two-stroke engine and mounting system optimization design." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (2020): 003685042093063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420930631.

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Compared with four-stroke engines, single-cylinder two-stroke engines have the characteristics of small inertia, high rotational speed, and wide excitation frequency range. However, the structural vibration and noise generated by the two-stroke engine are very violent. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the vibration and noise of the single-cylinder two-stroke engine. Based on the design theory of the engine mounting system, the excitation frequency, direction, and magnitude of a single-cylinder two-stroke engine are analyzed. The rubber isolator is selected as the new mount element, and the dyn
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16

Amin, Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, and Abdul Aziz Azhar. "Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Technique: A Review for Application in Two-Stroke Gasoline Engines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.53.

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Since Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) has significantly low temperature combustion, NOx will be dramatically reduced while the mixture will be largely homogenous, thus soot formation will naturally be reduced too. The system can be operated under an ultra lean fuel condition thus able to achieve high efficiency and low emission. In addition to, two-stroke engines advantages i.e. light, simple construction, less components and cheap to manufacture, two-stroke engines have the potential to pack almost twice the power density than that of four-stroke engine with similar capacity. T
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17

MITIANIEC, Wladyslaw. "Study of Atkinson cycle in two-stroke diesel engine with opposed pistons." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-321.

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The paper presents possibilities of change working parameters of two-stroke diesel engine with opposed pistons. Obtaining of higher engine efficiency is realized by applying of Atkinson cycle. Modification of scavenging process by changing pistons position connecting with two crankshafts enables asymmetrical scavenge timing. Decreasing of shorter time of closing exhaust ports before compression process and longer expansion process give higher engine work and with high charging ratio increases engine power. These types of engines are recently recommended for power plant stations. The paper incl
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18

Kutlar, Osman Akin, and Fatih Malkaz. "Two-Stroke Wankel Type Rotary Engine: A New Approach for Higher Power Density." Energies 12, no. 21 (2019): 4096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214096.

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The Wankel engine is a rotary type of four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine. The higher specific power output is one of its strong advantages. In Wankel rotary engine, every eccentric shaft revolution corresponds to one four-stroke cycle, whereas conventional reciprocating engine fulfills four-stroke cycle in two crankshaft revolutions. This means the power stroke frequency is twice that of conventional engines. Theoretically, application of two-stroke cycle on Wankel geometry will duplicate the power stroke frequency. In this research, a single-zone thermodynamic model is developed for
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19

Moskwa, John J., Wenbo Wang, and Duane J. Bucheger. "A New Methodology for Use in Engine Diagnostics and Control, Utilizing “Synthetic” Engine Variables: Theoretical and Experimental Results." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 3 (2001): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1387019.

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This paper describes new methodologies and algorithms for use in engine diagnostics that simplify and improve combustion quality monitoring and closed-loop engine control in order to meet stringent emission standards. The “synthetic” variables these algorithms produce can be used to indicate the work produced by each cylinder combustion event at all engine speeds, and can be effectively used for on-board combustion quality measurements, engine diagnostics, and closed-loop control. The algorithms are very simple in form, run in real time, and the methodologies can be applied to compression igni
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20

Wang, Yang, Wuqiang Long, Jingchen Cui, et al. "Development of a variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 10-11 (2020): 2618–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020901659.

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A new variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine was proposed and designed in this paper. The variable mode valve actuation system can significantly enhance braking safety and improve fuel economy and emission of heavy-duty engines through flexible switching among four-stroke driving mode, two-stroke compression-release braking mode, and cylinder deactivation mode on a conventional four-stroke engine. The switching was controlled by four-stroke driving modules and two-stroke braking modules, both of which have two operation states: effective state and failure state. For the c
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21

Zhang, Min. "Comparing different types of engines and efficiency-a literature review." Theoretical and Natural Science 11, no. 1 (2023): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/11/20230404.

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The goal of this research was to evaluate and contrast the performance of various engine types. The study was conducted on a sample of two engines, one of which is an Internal Combustion engine and the other is an External combustion engine. The internal combustion engine has two cycles, Otto cycle is used in gasoline engines while the diesel cycle is used in diesel engines. The external engine has two cycles too, the submarine uses Stirling Cycle and the Thermal power plant uses the Rankine cycle. The engines were evaluated based on their thermal efficiency, brake power, and specific fuel con
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22

Mai, Nguyen Trong, and Hoang Xuan Thinh. "Selecting lubricating oil for two-stroke gasoline engines: a multi-criteria decision-making approach." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 27, 2024): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2024.003264.

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The two-stroke engine boasts advantages in terms of simpler manufacturing and a smaller size when compared to the four-stroke engine. Vehicles powered by two-stroke engines can thus effortlessly overcome road obstacles compared to their four-stroke counterparts. However, the use of a two-stroke engine results in higher carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions than that of a four-stroke engine. This discrepancy places greater demands on the selection of lubricating oil for two-stroke engines compared to four-stroke engines. In market, there exists a multitude of lubricating oil options tailore
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23

Li, Zifan. "Analysis of the Principle and Applications of Four-stroke Engines in Transportation." Applied and Computational Engineering 98, no. 1 (2024): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/98/2024fmceau0113.

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Abstract. Four-stroke engines a type of internal combustion engine (IC engine) that can turn the heat provided from the fuel to work, and they are mainly classified as two groups, which are gasoline engines and diesel engines. Four-stroke engines can be applied to high power machines because of its high thermal efficiency. In four-stroke engines, the piston reaches the dead center four times in the cylinder to complete a cycle. This cycle includes the taking in of gas, the compression, the ignition, the expansion and the exhaustion of gas. In gasoline engine, this cycle is called the Otto cycl
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Mao, Yanjun. "Research Progress of Two-Stroke Internal Combustion." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 96 (May 5, 2024): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/m06wxq40.

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In a world that is gradually moving towards renewable sources of energy, the 2-stroke motor with it is low efficiency and high emission is being phased out. However, there are some applications which require the unique characteristics of the 2-stroke motor, making it the only suitable form of power for those applications. This paper will discuss the operating principle of the 2-stroke motor, how its construction is able to be simplistic and light, and how it has a high power-to-weight ratio. This paper will also discuss the relatively inefficient scavenging process caused by the simplistic nat
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Kyrtatos, N. P., and I. Koumbarelis. "A Three-Zone Scavenging Model for Two-Stroke Uniflow Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 3 (1988): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240167.

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A three-zone scavenging model for two-stroke uniflow engines was developed and used in conjunction with a control-volume-type engine simulation code for performance prediction of long stroke uniflow-type marine engines. In this model it is attempted to simulate the three different regions perceived to exist inside the cylinder during scavenging, namely the air, mixing, and combustion products regions, by modeling each region as a separate control volume. Two time-varying coefficients are used to specify the rates of entrainment of the air and the burned gases into the mixing region. Results of
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26

Ahmed Mostafa Eldeeb, Moussa Abdel Rahman Said, Mostafa Fathy Abdel Khalik, and Adham Mohammed Abdelkader. "Practical study of the effect of hydrogen enrichment on the performance characteristics of small two stroke engine." Open Access Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 1 (2024): 084–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjet.2024.7.1.0031.

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Although the two-stroke gasoline engines have been a mainstay for many Transportation applications, due to their high-power density, they have been austere by high HC emissions and loss of energy which results in poor fuel efficiency. Limited crude oil reserves and increasing concern about pollution norms has pushed us to search for alternative fuel to use in internal combustion engines such as CNG, LPG, HCNG, H2 etc. To improve the poor gas exchange process of a simple ported two-stroke engine, green hydrogen blended with gasoline is considered a good alternative fuel. In this paper, hydrogen
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27

Vilardell, Josep, and Juan Valcárcel. "Powering a two-stroke RNA engine." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 14, no. 7 (2007): 574–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0707-574.

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28

Lal, A. G., and I. V. Parsadanov. "MODELING OF MIXTURE FORMATION IN A TWO-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 2 (September 2, 2024): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2024.2.04.

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The Ukrainian engine industry played a significant role in the creation, production, and improvement of the efficiency of two-stroke diesel engines with opposed mooved pistons and providing them with the highest indicators of liter and overall power. The results of research carried out at the department of engines and hybrid power plants of NTU "KhPI" reveal existing reserves for further improvement, ensuring world-class indicators and forming promising characteristics of two-stroke diesel engines of the 6DN12/2x12 series. Further developments to ensure a new level of power cannot be implement
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29

Arabaci, Emre. "Performance analysis of a novel six-stroke otto cycle engine." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190926144a.

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In this study, a simulation model with finite time thermodynamics was presented for an Otto cycle six-stroke engine. In this six-stroke engine, two free strokes occur after the exhaust stroke. These free strokes cause the engine to have higher thermal efficiency. Due to high thermal efficiency, these six-stroke engines can be used in hybrid electric vehicles. In this study, the effect of residual gas fraction and stroke ratio on the effective power and effective thermal efficiency were investigated. In addition, heat balance was obtained for the engine and the use of fuel energy in the engine
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Chountalas, Theofanis D., Maria Founti, and Dimitrios T. Hountalas. "Review of Biofuel Effect on Emissions of Various Types of Marine Propulsion and Auxiliary Engines." Energies 16, no. 12 (2023): 4647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16124647.

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The International Maritime Organization aims to reduce the maritime industry’s carbon emissions by 40% in the next two decades and has introduced measures to control CO2 emissions. These have significantly increased interest regarding biofuels, which can be used immediately on existing vessels, reducing their carbon footprint. The most common variant is B30, a blend of 70% crude oil and 30% biodiesel. Concerns exist for the potential effect on engine performance and NOx emissions. Scientific works on the subject are limited for two-stroke marine engines, while some studies are available for fo
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31

Kumar T, Jayanth, and Arun M. "Modification of Two Stroke I.C Engine to Reduce Emission and Fuel Consumption." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2010): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2010.v2.97.

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32

Fathallah, Aguk Zuhdi Muhammad, Ian Bimatara, and Rosli Abu Bakar. "Prediction Performance of Two Stroke Semi Free Piston Diesel Engine with Dual Piston System." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, no. 1 (2022): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012083.

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Abstract The design of the semi-free piston two-stroke diesel engines has been successfully implemented. Before the engine is built, it is necessary to predict its performance. Prediction is done by using the simulation method. This method is considered the most effective because it does not fabricate the machine first. Modelling and simulation are done using application software. Simulation modelling covers all parts of the engine, namely the intake system, block, injection system, and then exhaust system. Engine performance predictions are based on speed variations as well as load variations
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Myo, Thura, and Aung Sandar. "Modifications for Conversion of Conventional Four Stroke Engine to a Six Stroke Engine." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 4 (2018): 1361–64. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14311.

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Considering the climate change and the shortage of non renewable energy resources, the interests in the waste heat recovery from internal combustion engines is one of the opportunities for economizing of energy consumption. In an internal combustion engine, a great amount of fuel energy is wasted in the form of heat due to thermal limitations. Roughly one third of fuel energy is converted to mechanical power and the rest is released to the ambience in the form of heat. To save the non renewable energy resources, the interest in waste heat recovery has been growing. A six stroke internal combus
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Markov, V. A., F. B. Barchenko, V. A. Neverov, A. A. Savastenko, and Sh R. Lotfullin. "Computational Analysis of the Dynamic Qualities of a Diesel Engine and a Tracked Vehicle." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 3 (744) (March 2022): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-3-31-52.

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Power and dynamic characteristics are the most important indicators of internal combustion engines and vehicles equipped with them. The article considers a method for improving these indicators by transferring a four-stroke engine to work on a two-stroke cycle in modes with low rotational frequencies and the indicators of the dynamic qualities of a diesel engine and a vehicle. A dynamic model of a diesel engine and a tracked vehicle is proposed. Computational studies of the acceleration dynamics of a tracked vehicle weighing 6000 kg, equipped with a base D-245 diesel engine (4 ChN 11.0/12.5) a
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35

Giernalczyk, Mariusz. "Analysis of the Possibility of Using Low Speed Two-Stroke Dual-Fuel Engines for Propulsion of Sea-Going Vessels." Journal of KONES 26, no. 2 (2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0031.

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Abstract The use of gas/LNG to supply marine engines in addition to tangible economic benefits is also a method of limiting emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and meeting strict environmental protection regulations, especially in special areas. The technology of supplying liquid and gas fuels (Dual Fuel) is most easily used in four-stroke engines but the highest thermal efficiency is ensured by combustion two-stroke piston engines. However, in the first two-stroke dual-fuel engines, the gas supply installation was more complicated than in the four-stroke engine. It resulted, a
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Banji, Titilope Ibukun, Gregg Arney, and Daniel B. Olsen. "Fuel Injection Optimization for Large-Bore Two-Stroke Natural-Gas Engines." Energies 18, no. 3 (2025): 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030624.

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Recent methane emissions regulations present a challenge for the large-bore, natural-gas-fueled engines used at over 1700 compression stations across the US. Poor air–fuel mixing in the main combustion chamber of these engines results in low combustion efficiency and the resulting methane emissions. High-pressure fuel injection is believed to be a significant development in improving air–fuel mixing in natural-gas engine combustion chambers. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of in-cylinder mixing to injection pressures using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, determine
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37

Kravchenko, Serhii, Oleg Linkov, Maxim Shelestov, Alexander Bekaryuk, and Eduard Bozhko. "Mathematical Modeling of the Working Process of a Two-Stroke Engine with Countermoving Pistons." NTU "KhPI" Bulletin: Power and heat engineering processes and equipment, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-774x.2021.04.03.

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Simulation of the working process of an internal combustion engine is the basis for all further calculations and studies of the engine. Of particular relevance is the availability of an adequate mathematical model of the engine process due to the fact that due to the trend of continuous improvement of engine performance, it is necessary to take into account many influencing factors to obtain a satisfactory result. The most complex and dependent on many physicochemical parameters is the process of combustion of fuel in the engine. Models of combustion in diesel engines can be divided into three
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Rebhan, Martin, and John Stokes. "Two-stroke/four-stroke multicylinder gasoline engine for downsizing applications." MTZ worldwide 70, no. 4 (2009): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03226944.

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KARPIŃSKI, Paweł, Konrad PIETRYKOWSKI, and Łukasz GRABOWSKI. "Turbocharging the aircraft two-stroke diesel engine." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (2019): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-319.

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The power and efficiency of a two-stroke engine strongly depends on the efficiency of the scavenging process which consists in re-moving the rest of the exhaust gases from the cylinder and filling it with a fresh charge. The quality of the charge exchange process is significantly influenced by the construction of the intake system. The paper presents a zero-dimensional model of the aircraft two-stroke opposed-piston diesel engine with two variants of the intake system: with a mechanical compressor and a turbocharger connected in series with a mechanical compressor. Simulation studies of the de
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OKADA, Kentaro, Masamitsu NAKANO, and Kazuo SATO. "Numerical Simulation of Two-stroke Hydrogen Engine." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2003.43 (2003): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2003.43.110.

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OKADA, Kentarou, Masamitu NAKANO, Kazuo SATO, and Touichi SAWADA. "Methane Gas Direct Injection Two-stroke Engine." Proceedings of Ibaraki District Conference 2002 (2002): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeibaraki.2002.63.

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., S. Bhattacharya. "ANALYSIS OF PISTON OF TWO STROKE ENGINE." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 06 (2014): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0306119.

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GRABOWSKI, Łukasz, Paweł KARPIŃSKI, and Grzegorz BARAŃSKI. "Experimental research of two stroke aircraft diesel engine." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (2019): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-412.

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This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the opposed-piston diesel engine. This engine was designed during one of the stages of the research on a new-type drive unit for gyrocopter applications. In order to conduct research, a special test stand as well as control and measurement systems were developed. As part of the work on the engine, the fuel injection system, engine temperature control system and measurement systems were designed. In addition, a computer program has been developed for the fuel injection system control (injectors, valves fuel pressure regulators). The pap
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Zhang, Defu, Zhenyu Shen, Nan Xu, Tingting Zhu, Lei Chang, and Hui Song. "Development of a Zero-Dimensional Model for a Low-Speed Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine with Exhaust Gas Bypass and Performance Evaluation." Processes 11, no. 3 (2023): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030936.

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Most large commercial vessels are propelled by low-speed two-stroke diesel engines due to their fuel economy and reliability. With increasing international concern about emissions and the rise in oil prices, improvements in engine efficiency are urgently needed. In the present work, a zero-dimensional model for a low-speed two-stroke diesel engine is developed that considers the exhaust gas bypass and geometry structures for the gas exchange model. The model was applied to a low-speed two-stroke 7G80 ME-C9 marine diesel engine and validated with engine shop test data, which consisted of the ma
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Tsitsilonis, Konstantinos-Marios, Gerasimos Theotokatos, Nikolaos Xiros, and Malcolm Habens. "Systematic Investigation of a Large Two-Stroke Engine Crankshaft Dynamics Model." Energies 13, no. 10 (2020): 2486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102486.

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The crankshaft dynamics model is of vital importance to a multitude of aspects on engine diagnostics; however, systematic investigations of such models performance (especially for large two-stroke diesel engines that are widely used in the power generation and shipping industries) have not been reported in the literature. This study aims to cover this gap by systematically investigating the parameters that affect the performance of a two-stroke diesel engine crankshaft dynamics model, such as the numerical scheme as well as the engine components inertia and friction. Specifically, the followin
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Harianton, Iwan, Ayi Ruswandi, and Mohammad Nurdin. "Design of New Ecological Combustion Engine with Double Potential Power Output." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.428.

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Internal combustion engine popularity has been won commercially by the four-stroke type engine surpassing the two-stroke and rotary wankel engines in the world market places. Commercial engines both gasoline and diesel fuels are mostly using the four-stroke principle and even the hybrid cars still rely on this type of engine as their backup source of power. Current research in this areas are optimizing the effectiveness of the four-stroke combustion engine related to fuel consumption, fuel-air mixture, reuse of exhaust energy to feed air inflow, fuel control system to feed exact volume of fuel
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Kiran, AVNS. "Optimization Technique Approach on a Two-Stroke Engine with Coated Piston and Gasoline Blends." Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology 8, no. 3&4 (2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.202104.

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The performance and emissions affected by the coating have been analyzed in this study. In the present experimental investigation with gasoline blends of butanol and propanol along with magnesium partially stabilized zirconium (Mg-PSZ) as thermal barrier coating on piston crown of 100 microns. The samples of gasoline blends were blended with petrol in 20:80 ratios (20% of ethanol and 80% of gasoline, 20% of butanol and 80% of gasoline). The specific standard parameters have been modified with Mg-PSZ coated petrol engine with aid of design of experiment by Taguchi with grey relational analysis
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Yeryganov, O. V., V. I. Kyrnats, R. O. Brusnik, V. S. Glebov, P. A. Goncharenko, and V. I. Holdenko. "IMPROVMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE TWO-STROKE DIESEL DURING OPERATION." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.2.09.

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The development of world shipping is taking place in the context of ever-increasing requirements to reduce the concentrations of toxic components of gaseous combustion products of hydrocarbon fuels. Concentration limits for these substances are regulated in accordance with Appendix VI of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention. Among the controlled components of diesel exhaust gases, nitrogen oxides are the most dangerous for humans and environment. However, a decrease in the content of nitrogen oxides is inevitably associated with limitations on the maximum cycle temperature, that is, thermal efficiency,
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Wang, Yang, Wuqiang Long, Jingchen Cui, Xin Wang, Hua Tian, and Xiangyu Meng. "Research on two-stroke compression release braking performance of a variable mode valve actuation system." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 9 (2019): 1696–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419894449.

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In order to enhance the braking safety and improve the fuel economy and emission of heavy-duty engines, a variable mode valve actuation system which can switch operation modes flexibly among four-stroke driving, two-stroke compression release braking, and cylinder deactivation modes on a four-stroke engine was developed in this article. The switching was controlled by the four-stroke driving module and the two-stroke braking module, both of which have two states: effective state and failure state. Besides, a full-cycle numerical model of a six-cylinder turbocharged engine was established for t
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Han, Zhiqiang, Xuantao Li, Wei Tian, et al. "Experimental study on ignition characteristic and performance of a two-stroke engine fueled with aviation kerosene." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2025): 18. https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci241027018h.

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Two-stroke spark ignition engines are widely used in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Aviation kerosene offers advantages over aviation gasoline due to its higher flash point and lower volatility, making it likely to be adopted more widely in the future. However, the poor evaporation and atomization characteristics of aviation kerosene result in suboptimal ignition performance, especially in the engine start-up phase. To explore the fitting mixture concentration and temperature conditions for achieving better ignition performance of aviation kerosene, A series of experimental studies are conducted on
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