Relevant bibliographies by topics / Viroids

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Viroids'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Viroids"

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Moskalev, A. V., V. B. Sboychakov, A. V. Apchel та N. V. Tsygan. "Вiological effects of viroids". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, № 2 (15 грудня 2018): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12333.

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Possible potential microbial agents of a human which represent by ring highly complementary one-chained ribonucleic acid with an absent of protein coating, as for viruses containing a ribonucleic acid, are characterized. Pathogenic effects of viroids in comparison with viruses and defective viruses are considered. Intimate viroid’s mechanisms on a host cell are described. So viroids do not code any proteins, their action on a plant should be consequence of direct interaction of viroid’s ribonucleic acid and host cell’s contents. However the molecular mechanism by which viroids causes plants’ diseases still remains not completely determined. It is considered, that the first targets of viroid are the nucleic acids and proteins of the host cell. Genomes of some viroids contain areas complementary to some cellular RNA. In connection with it supposed, that disease begins because of inhibition of functions of these cellular ribonucleic acids or their cutting directed viroids by a ribonucleic acid. Pathogenicity of viroids can be also a result of mimicry at a molecular level. Because of features of structure or sequence nucleotides the viroid’s ribonucleic acid can replace by itself some cellular ribonucleic acids. In viroid’s pathogenesis also can be involved and an interference of ribonucleic acids. All this allows to assume, that viroids can become the reason of infectious diseases of the human.
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Hadidi, Ahmed, Liying Sun, and John W. Randles. "Modes of Viroid Transmission." Cells 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11040719.

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Studies on the ways in which viroids are transmitted are important for understanding their epidemiology and for developing effective control measures for viroid diseases. Viroids may be spread via vegetative propagules, mechanical damage, seed, pollen, or biological vectors. Vegetative propagation is the most prevalent mode of spread at the global, national and local level while further dissemination can readily occur by mechanical transmission through crop handling with viroid-contaminated hands or pruning and harvesting tools. The current knowledge of seed and pollen transmission of viroids in different crops is described. Biological vectors shown to transmit viroids include certain insects, parasitic plants, and goats. Under laboratory conditions, viroids were also shown to replicate in and be transmitted by phytopathogenic ascomycete fungi; therefore, fungi possibly serve as biological vectors of viroids in nature. The term “mycoviroids or fungal viroids” has been introduced in order to denote these viroids. Experimentally, known sequence variants of viroids can be transmitted as recombinant infectious cDNA clones or transcripts. In this review, we endeavor to provide a comprehensive overview of the modes of viroid transmission under both natural and experimental situations. A special focus is the key findings which can be applied to the control of viroid diseases.
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Zhang, Yuhong, Yuxin Nie, Luyou Wang, and Jian Wu. "Viroid Replication, Movement, and the Host Factors Involved." Microorganisms 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2024): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030565.

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Viroids represent distinctive infectious agents composed solely of short, single-stranded, circular RNA molecules. In contrast to viruses, viroids do not encode for proteins and lack a protective coat protein. Despite their apparent simplicity, viroids have the capacity to induce diseases in plants. Currently, extensive research is being conducted on the replication cycle of viroids within both the Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae families, shedding light on the intricacies of the associated host factors. Utilizing the potato spindle tuber viroid as a model, investigations into the RNA structural motifs involved in viroid trafficking between different cell types have been thorough. Nevertheless, our understanding of the host factors responsible for the intra- and inter-cellular movement of viroids remains highly incomplete. This review consolidates our current knowledge of viroid replication and movement within both families, emphasizing the structural basis required and the identified host factors involved. Additionally, we explore potential host factors that may mediate the intra- and inter-cellular movement of viroids, addressing gaps in our understanding. Moreover, the potential application of viroids and the emergence of novel viroid-like cellular parasites are also discussed.
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Ito, Takao, Hiroyuki Ieki, Katsumi Ozaki, Toru Iwanami, Kenji Nakahara, Tatsuji Hataya, Tsutae Ito, Masahiro Isaka, and Takeshi Kano. "Multiple Citrus Viroids in Citrus from Japan and Their Ability to Produce Exocortis-Like Symptoms in Citron." Phytopathology® 92, no. 5 (May 2002): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.5.542.

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Sequential polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses showed many viroid-like RNAs in samples collected from citrus trees in Japan. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analyses of the amplified fragments verified that they were derived from variants of six citrus viroids, Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd) including CVd-I-LSS (a distinct variant of CBLVd), Hop stunt viroid, Citrus viroid III, Citrus viroid IV, and Citrus viroid OS. The samples induced symptoms with variable severity in Arizona 861-S1 ‘Etrog’ citrons (Citrus medica L.) likely due to the varying accumulation patterns produced by the different viroids. Some of the symptoms caused by the samples harboring the citrus viroids other than CEVd were as severe as those caused by CEVd. Some source citrus trees showing the severe bark scaling characteristic of exocortis disease in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) rootstocks contained only citrus viroids other than CEVd in complex. This indicates that certain exocortis-like diseases in Japan were caused by some combination of citrus viroids not including CEVd.
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Mathioudakis, Matthaios M., Nikolaos Tektonidis, Antonia Karagianni, Louiza Mikalef, Pedro Gómez, and Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska. "Incidence and Epidemiology of Citrus Viroids in Greece: Role of Host and Cultivar in Epidemiological Characteristics." Viruses 15, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15030605.

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Viroids represent a threat to the citrus industry and also display an intricate matter for citrus tristeza virus (CTV) control as most of the commercial citrus rootstocks that are resistant/tolerant to CTV appear to be highly susceptible to viroid infection. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of the viroid’s incidence and distribution, along with the assessment of unexplored epidemiological factors leading to their occurrence, are necessary to further improve control measures. Herein, a large-scale epidemiological study of citrus viroids in five districts, 38 locations and 145 fields in Greece is presented, based on the analysis of 3005 samples collected from 29 cultivars of six citrus species. We monitored the occurrence of citrus exocortis (CEVd), hop stunt (HSVd), citrus dwarfing (CDVd), citrus bark cracking (CBCVd), and citrus bent leaf (CBLVd) viroids, and addressed their epidemiological patterns and factors shaping their population structure. Our results show a high frequency and wide distribution of four viroids in all areas and in almost all hosts, whereas CBLVd occurrence was restricted to Crete. Mixed infections were found in all districts in which a wide spread of viroids was observed. We identified a potential pathogens’ different preferences that could be partially explained by the host and cultivar, including the type of infection (single or mixed) and the number of viroids in the mixed infections. Overall, this work provides the first detailed epidemiological study on citrus viroids, enriching our knowledge for the implementation, production, and distribution of certified citrus propagative material, and the development of sustainable control strategies.
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Wang, Yafei, Yan Shi, Honglian Li, and Jiaxin Chang. "Understanding Citrus Viroid Interactions: Experience and Prospects." Viruses 16, no. 4 (April 9, 2024): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16040577.

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Citrus is the natural host of at least eight viroid species, providing a natural platform for studying interactions among viroids. The latter manifests as antagonistic or synergistic phenomena. The antagonistic effect among citrus viroids intuitively leads to reduced symptoms caused by citrus viroids, while the synergistic effect leads to an increase in symptom severity. The interaction phenomenon is complex and interesting, and a deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms induced during this viroid interaction is of great significance for the prevention and control of viroid diseases. This paper summarizes the research progress of citrus viroids in recent years, focusing on the interaction phenomenon and analyzing their interaction mechanisms. It points out the core role of the host RNA silencing mechanism and viroid-derived siRNA (vd-siRNA), and provides suggestions for future research directions.
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Kunta, Madhurababu, J. V. da Graça, and Mani Skaria. "Molecular Detection and Prevalence of Citrus Viroids in Texas." HortScience 42, no. 3 (June 2007): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.600.

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Viroids are graft- or mechanically transmissible agents, disseminated through budding. Biological indexing of commercially important citrus cultivars grown in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas showed that many are infected with citrus viroids. Most of these trees carried more than one viroid. In most cases, the infected trees are asymptomatic carriers because sour orange, the predominant rootstock used in Texas, does not show symptoms of viroid infection. Detection of viroids through biological indexing on sensitive indicator plants followed by sequential polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sPAGE) is the gold standard but is time-consuming and requires plants to be kept at optimum conditions. A conditional use of reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provides an efficient and alternative detection of viroids for use in the Texas virus-free citrus budwood certification program. RT-PCR could be useful in Texas to help expedite the evaluation for the presence of viroids before conducting the final biologic indexing. Using RT-PCR, we could detect, clone, and sequence full-length viroids of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) (both cachexia and noncachexia variants), Citrus viroid-III (Citrus dwarfing viroid), and Citrus viroid-IV (Citrus bark cracking viroid) from a collection of viroid-inoculated grapefruit plants. The source plants were previously shown to be viroid-infected by biological indexing on Etrog citron plants. Based on our results, RT-PCR can be a conditional substitute for biological indexing of mother trees in foundation blocks and shoot tip-grafted trees in the virus-free budwood program. A positive RT-PCR result has a serendipitous value because those trees can be discarded from the pool before expensive biological indexing.
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Lee, Benjamin D., and Eugene V. Koonin. "Viroids and Viroid-like Circular RNAs: Do They Descend from Primordial Replicators?" Life 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12010103.

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Viroids are a unique class of plant pathogens that consist of small circular RNA molecules, between 220 and 450 nucleotides in size. Viroids encode no proteins and are the smallest known infectious agents. Viroids replicate via the rolling circle mechanism, producing multimeric intermediates which are cleaved to unit length either by ribozymes formed from both polarities of the viroid genomic RNA or by coopted host RNAses. Many viroid-like small circular RNAs are satellites of plant RNA viruses. Ribozyviruses, represented by human hepatitis delta virus, are larger viroid-like circular RNAs that additionally encode the viral nucleocapsid protein. It has been proposed that viroids are direct descendants of primordial RNA replicons that were present in the hypothetical RNA world. We argue, however, that much later origin of viroids, possibly, from recently discovered mobile genetic elements known as retrozymes, is a far more parsimonious evolutionary scenario. Nevertheless, viroids and viroid-like circular RNAs are minimal replicators that are likely to be close to the theoretical lower limit of replicator size and arguably comprise the paradigm for replicator emergence. Thus, although viroid-like replicators are unlikely to be direct descendants of primordial RNA replicators, the study of the diversity and evolution of these ultimate genetic parasites can yield insights into the earliest stages of the evolution of life.
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Wei, Shuang, Ruiling Bian, Ida Bagus Andika, Erbo Niu, Qian Liu, Hideki Kondo, Liu Yang, et al. "Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 10, 2019): 13042–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900762116.

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Viroids are pathogenic agents that have a small, circular noncoding RNA genome. They have been found only in plant species; therefore, their infectivity and pathogenicity in other organisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate whether plant viroids can replicate and induce symptoms in filamentous fungi. Seven plant viroids representing viroid groups that replicate in either the nucleus or chloroplast of plant cells were inoculated to three plant pathogenic fungi,Cryphonectria parasitica,Valsa mali, andFusarium graminearum. By transfection of fungal spheroplasts with viroid RNA transcripts, each of the three, hop stunt viroid (HSVd), iresine 1 viroid, and avocado sunblotch viroid, can stably replicate in at least one of those fungi. The viroids are horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis and vertically through conidia. HSVd infection severely debilitates the growth ofV. malibut not that of the other two fungi, while inF. graminearumandC. parasitica, with deletion of dicer-like genes, the primary components of the RNA-silencing pathway, HSVd accumulation increases. We further demonstrate that HSVd can be bidirectionally transferred betweenF. graminearumand plants during infection. The viroids also efficiently infect fungi and induce disease symptoms when the viroid RNAs are exogenously applied to the fungal mycelia. These findings enhance our understanding of viroid replication, host range, and pathogenicity, and of their potential spread to other organisms in nature.
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Bar-Joseph, Moshe. "On the Trail of Viroids a Return to Phytosanitary Awareness." Pathogens 14, no. 6 (May 29, 2025): 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14060545.

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Viroids are subviral plant pathogens composed of non-coding, small, circular, single-stranded RNAs that parasitize the transcriptional machinery of their host cells. For many years, viroid-induced diseases were mistakenly attributed to viruses due to similarities in symptoms and pathogenic behavior. However, advances in molecular biology over the past sixty years have clearly distinguished viroids from viruses and other pathogens in terms of genetic composition, structural features, and replication mechanisms. Citrus trees in the Mediterranean region appear to have been associated with viroid infections since ancient times. Nevertheless, the use of propagation material harboring asymptomatic viroid infections allowed for continued production of high-quality fruit. This delicate equilibrium was disrupted with the spread of novel citrus pathogens, prompting the adoption of new horticultural practices that emphasized the elimination of citrus pathogens—including viroids—from propagation material. Concurrently, a contrasting approach emerged in the late 1960s: the experimental use of “graft-transmissible dwarfing agents”—later identified as citrus viroids—to control citrus tree size. Our lab initiated work on citrus viroid-induced dwarfing in the early 1980s and continued this line of research for nearly two decades. Eventually, we concluded that it was impractical to simultaneously promote rigorous sanitation protocols while advocating for the use of viroids to induce dwarfing. This review summarizes key biological and molecular aspects of citrus and avocado viroids investigated in our laboratory, including the development of diagnostic techniques and the exploration of viroid-induced dwarfing as a horticultural tool.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Viroids"

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Bonfiglioli, Roderick. "Studies on the ultrastructural localisation of viroids and other plant pathogens." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb713.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 78-90. Designed to localize viroids at the histological and subcellular level and to determine with which cellular compartments the different viroids are associated. The majority of the work, in both the viroid and the phytoplasma studies involved the development of different methods and techniques.
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Taylor, Kathryn, Richard Langham, and Zhongguo Xiong. "Relationship of Viroids to Macrophylla Decline." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220553.

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A physiological characterization has established that vascular changes in Macrophylla decline affected trees are not similar in character to xyloporosis affected trees. In addition, a survey of Macrophylla decline affected citrus did not establish any genetic similarity between Macrophylla decline and xyloporosis. We report diagnosis of either CCV or CEV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), as well as diagnosis of Macrophylla decline or xyloporosis by Zn-distribution, water conductivity, accumulation of decline- specific proteins and examination of phloem morphology in lemon trees on the Macrophylla rootstock.
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Visvader, Jane Ellen. "Structure and function of citrus exocortis viroid /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv834.pdf.

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Rakowski, Andrew George. "Molecular aspects of viroid activities /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr162.pdf.

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Warrilow, David. "Studies on the replication complex of citrus exocortis viroid /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw295.pdf.

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Keese, Paul Konrad. "Structures of viroids and virusoids and their functional significance." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk268.pdf.

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Wah, Yan Fong Wan Chow. "Viroids in grapevines : transmission via seeds and persistence in meristem-regenerated vines." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw136.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 127-152. The aim of this work is to study viroids in grapevines, particularly their vertical transmission via seeds, during meristem culture and micropropagation. There was also an attempt to produce viroid-free vines by shoot apical meristem culture (SAMC).
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Bojic, Teodora. "Host involvement in the replication of potato spindle tuber viroid and the evolutionary relationship between plant viroids and the hepatitis delta virus." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28353.

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The present study examines the interaction between host RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), with the goal of locating and characterizing a putative RNAP II promoter within the viroid's RNA genome. By using a co-immunoprecipitation approach coupled with deletion and mutational analysis, RNAP II was shown to specifically bind the left terminal hairpin loop of PSTVd(+) RNA. The interaction with RNAP II appears to be dependent on PSTVd secondary structure features, rather than a particular sequence. These findings provide direct evidence of association between RNAP II and PSTVd RNA, and render a unique example of a possible RNA promoter for RNAP II. The second part of the study examines the evolutionary relationship between viroids and the hepatitis delta virus (HDV), as these pathogens share key structural and functional characteristics. We conclude, based on infection experiments, that HDV and viroids share common strategies and host factors to fulfill their respective life-cycles. We found that both HDV and an HDV mutant lacking the HDAg protein-coding region (miniHDV) can replicate in a plant host. However, miniHDV and PSTVd can replicate in human cells only in the presence of the small delta antigen (HDAg-S). Together, these results provide support for the hypothesis that HDV evolved from a viroid-like element through the capture of a cellular transcript necessary for its adaptation to a human host.
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Forster, Anthony Carlyle. "Self-cleavage of plant pathogenic RNAs." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf7331.pdf.

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Klümper, Sandra Nicole. "Prozessierung des Kartoffel-Spindelknollensucht-Viroids (PSTVd) Charakterisierung der beteiligten Enzyme der Wirtspflanze /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965233219.

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Books on the topic "Viroids"

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S, Semancik Joseph, ed. Viroids and viroid-like pathogens. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1987.

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1921-, Diener T. O., ed. The Viroids. New York, N.Y: Plenum Press, 1987.

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Rao, Ayala L. N., Irene Lavagi-Craddock, and Georgios Vidalakis, eds. Viroids. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1464-8.

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Hadidi, A. Viroids. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers, 2003.

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O, Diener T., ed. The viroids. New York: LondonbPlenum, 1987.

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Diener, T. O., ed. The Viroids. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1855-2.

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Berberich, Stephen M. The naked intruder: USDA and the discovery of the viroid. Washington, DC?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1989.

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Karl, Maramorosch, ed. Viroids and satellites: Molecular parasites atthe frontier of life. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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Karl, Maramorosch, ed. Viroids and satellites: Molecular parasites at the frontier of life. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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Centre technique interprofessionnel des fruits et légumes (France). Virus diseases of fruit trees: Diseases due to viroids, viruses, phytoplasmas and other undetermined infectious agents. Paris: CTIFL, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Viroids"

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Tzanetakis, I., and S. Sabanadzovic. "Fig viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas." In The fig: botany, production and uses, 323–31. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0013.

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Abstract This chapter provides information on the symptoms, transmission, molecular and genetic characteristics and detection of some of the most important viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas infecting figs, such as the Fig mosaic virus, Fig badnavirus-1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2, Fig mild mottle associated virus, Fig fleck-associated virus, Fig latent virus-1, Fig cryptic virus, Citrus exocortis viroid, Hop stunt viroid, Apple dimple fruit viroid, Phytoplasma asteris and Phytoplasma solani.
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Owens, Robert A. "Viroids." In Plant Virus Evolution, 83–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75763-4_5.

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Salazar, L. F., I. Bartolini, and A. Hurtado. "Viroids." In Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Potatoes and Production of Seed-Potatoes, 135–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0842-6_16.

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Flores, Ricardo, and Vicente Pallás. "Viroids." In Handbook of Plant Virology, 93–106. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003578611-8.

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Parthasarathy, S., P. Lakshmidevi, V. K. Satya, and C. Gopalakrishnan. "Viroids." In Plant Pathology and Disease Management, 141–42. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032711973-17.

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Flores, Ricardo, Francesco Di Serio, Beatriz Navarro, Nuria Duran-Vila, and Robert A. Owens. "Viroids and Viroid Diseases of Plants." In Studies in Viral Ecology, 307–42. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118025666.ch12.

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Diener, T. O. "Viroids and the nature of viroid diseases*." In 100 Years of Virology, 203–20. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6425-9_15.

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Horst, R. Kenneth. "Viruses, Viroids, Phytoplasmas." In Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook, 49–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2141-8_12.

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Riesner, Detlev. "Viroid Function." In The Viroids, 99–116. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1855-2_5.

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Sänger, Heinz L. "Viroid Function." In The Viroids, 117–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1855-2_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Viroids"

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Veerapen, Varusha Pillay. "Viroid resistance conferred by AGO2 in transgenic tomato plants: Viroids or AGO2, who wins?" In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1052621.

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"Development of a CRISPR/SHERLOCK-based method for the detection of six regulated viroids." In Plant Health 2024. American Phytopathological Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/aps-ph24-077.

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Shesteperov, A. A., and E. S. Starostina. "PARASITOCENOTIC ASPECTS IN PHYTOPARASITOLOGY." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.462-468.

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The term "microparasitocenosis" proposed by A. P. Markevich, who combined parasitizing forms of resident microflora of the organism and parasites that entered from external environment. Viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, phytohelminths, phytoparasitic mites and insects form the parasitocenosis in a macroorganism (plant) and represent a damaging complex that contributes to pathological changes in the macroorganism. The intention to simplify complex biological processes as much as possible has led to artificial isolation of any single pathogen. This turned out to be necessary and effective in studying causative agents of dangerous plant parasite infections. But it turned out to be inconsistent for associated infections and invasions since complex diseases develop when they are combined with other phytoparasites. Their synergism contributes to high harmfulness of complex diseases. Unfortunately, the problem of plant parasite infection and invasion has not been sufficiently studied in phytoparasitology. As defined, plant parasitism has boundaries from positive to neutral interactions of other types that are precisely outlined by pathogenicity. Harmfulness is exactly what can explain centuries-old hostility towards parasites. We considered the plant parasite cenosis of strawberries that included 27 plant parasites and 25 pathogens. The discovery of relationships between phytopathogens and phytoparasites has resulted in a qualitative change in cognitive tools and the interpretation of various pathogenic process phases. Based on systemic analysis, phytoparasites at different levels (plants, plant populations, biocenosis) are considered not as a mechanical population but as an integral system that functions under specific laws. Systemic quality of the plant parasitic cenosis appears in its interactions with other organisms.
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Lang, Teresa. "VIROS." In the SIGGRAPH 2003 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/965333.965374.

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5

"Tolerance of potato cultivars to potato spindle tuber viroid PSTVd." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-093.

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De Loera, Jesús A., and Frederick J. Wicklin. "Viro's method disproves Ragsdale's conjecture." In the sixteenth annual symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/336154.336224.

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"Transcriptomic response of Solanum tuberosum L. to potato spindle tuber viroid infection." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology (PlantGen2023). FRC Kazan Scientific Center RAS, Kazan, Russia;Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2023-54.

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Tabanyukhov, K. A., V. S. Maslennikova, E. V. Bedareva, and M. B. Pykhtina. "THE MAIN PHYTOPATHOGENIC POTATO VIRUSES DISTRIBUTED IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-261.

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Аs a result of the monitoring, a high frequency of occurrence in the districts of the region of four potato viruses — PVY, PVM, PVX and PVS was revealed. Potato spindle tuber viroid was completely absent in all tested samples. The frequency of occurrence of different viruses in potato plants was: PVY — 84.2 %; PVХ — 13.2 %; PVM — 60.5 %, PVS — 28.9 %; PVA, PLRV — 0 %.
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Font San Ambrosio, María Isabel. "VIROSIS EN TOMATE TRANSMITIDAS POR SEMILLA Y SU CONTROL." In I CONGRÉS DE LA TOMACA VALENCIANA: LA TOMACA VALENCIANA DEL PERELLÓ. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/tomaval2017.2017.6524.

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Las virosis transmitidas por semilla en el cultivo del tomate crean gran preocupación entre los productores, y son de especial atención en aquellos que se dedican al cultivo de variedades locales donde las semillas se extraen durante la campaña y son empleadas para cultivos posteriores con lo que la infección y dispersión de estos virus es mucho más frecuente. Entre los virus transmitidos por semilla en tomate destacan el virus del mosaico del tomate (ToMV) y el virus del mosaico del pepino dulce (PepMV). Ambos virus se caracterizan por transmitirse, además de por semilla, de manera mecánica fácilmente y son muy estables manteniéndose en los restos del cultivo anterior y en las infraestructuras empleadas durante el manejo del cultivo. Sin embargo, la localización de estos virus en las semillas contaminadas difiere, mientras que PepMV se localiza únicamente de manera superficial, ToMV puede encontrarse además en zonas más internas como en el endospermo. Esto hace que los tratamientos empleados para la desinfección de semillas infectadas con cada uno de estos virus sea distinto: mientras que PepMV puede ser inactivado con tratamientos químicos superficiales, el tratamiento para descontaminar semillas con ToMV debe ser térmico a elevadas temperaturas.
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"Horizontal transfer of potato viroid PSTVd by Phytophthora infestans to and from host plants." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-003.

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Reports on the topic "Viroids"

1

Bar-Joseph, Moshe, and J. S. Semancik. Characterization of Citrus Viroids as Potential Dwarfing Agents of Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7600051.bard.

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Flores Pedauyé, Ricardo. Viroides: los parásitos extremos. Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18567/sebbmdiv_anc.2015.09.1.

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Bueno Júnior, César, Maurilo Monteiro Terra, Erasmo José Paioli Pires, Renato Vasconcelos Botelho, Mara Fernandes Moura, Marco Antonio Tecchio, and Jorge Manuel Esteves Carvalho Sofia. Doenças e pragas em videiras. Instituto Biológico, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31368/2594-6080b33002022.

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O boletim sobre “DOENÇAS E PRAGAS EM VIDEIRAS”, elaborado por especialistas de universidades e de institutos de pesquisa, apresenta informações atualizadas sobre doenças causadas por fungos, bactérias, vírus, viroides e nematoides e ainda dos ácaros fitófagos. Trata-se de publicação ricamente ilustrada, podendo auxiliar o viticultor e demais interessados no reconhecimento dos principais problemas fitossanitários da videira no próprio campo, bem como relato de medidas de manejo para minimizar estes problemas. Esperamos que o boletim seja uma contribuição efetivamente útil àqueles envolvidos na vitivinicultura, a fim de reduzir as perdas e assegurar bons rendimentos e qualidade das uvas colhidas
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