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Journal articles on the topic 'Wage-price policy – Great Britain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Blackburn, Sheila. "Minimum Wage Policy in Great Britain and the United States - By Jerold L. Waltman." British Journal of Industrial Relations 47, no. 4 (2009): 791–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00753_3.x.

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2

Naturkach, R. P. "The purpose and instruments of the monetary policy of the central banks of the EU member states and Great Britain, their legal basis." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 82 (2024): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.82.1.34.

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The scientific article is devoted to the study of the purpose of the monetary policy of the central banks of the EU member states and Great Britain, its instruments and legal acts, in which they are fixed. The legislation of the member countries of the European Union (Germany, France, Spain, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary) and Great Britain, modern approaches in the science of constitutional and administrative law regarding the definition of the goal of the monetary policy of the central banks of the member countries of the EU, and the range of its instruments are analyzed. Emphasis is pl

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Lagneau-Ymonet, Paul, and Bénédicte Reynaud. "The making of a category of economic understanding in Great Britain (1880–1931): ‘the unemployed’." Cambridge Journal of Economics 44, no. 6 (2020): 1181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beaa018.

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Abstract Evidence-based policy relies on measurement to trigger actions and to manage and evaluate programmes. Yet measurement requires classification: the making of categories of understanding that approximate or represent collective phenomena. In 1931, two decades after implementing the first compulsory unemployment benefits in 1911, the British Government began to carry out a census of out-of-work individuals. Why such an inversion, at odds with the exercise of rational-legal authority, and unlike to its French or German counterparts? To solve this puzzle, we document the making of ‘the une

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Scharpf, Fritz W. "A Game-Theoretical Interpretation of Inflation and Unemployment in Western Europe." Journal of Public Policy 7, no. 3 (1987): 227–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004438.

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ABSTRACTThe paper aims at a more complete, yet still parsimonious, explanation of macro-economic policy failure and success during the ‘stagflation’ period of the 1970s. Focusing on four countries, Austria, Great Britain, Sweden and West Germany, it is shown that both runaway inflation and rising unemployment could be avoided whenever it was possible to achieve a Keynesian concertation between fiscal and monetary expansion on the one hand and union wage restraint on the other. The actual policy experiences of the four countries are then explained in terms of the linkage between a ‘coordination

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Fomin, A. M. "British Policy and Strategy in the Middle East in 1941: Three Wars ‘East of Suez’." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (2020): 191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-191-221.

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After the defeat of France in the summer of 1940, Great Britain was left face to face with the Nazi Germany. It managed to endure the ﬁrst act of the ‘Battle of Britain’, but could not wage a full-scale war on the continent. Under these conditions, the defense of the British positions in the Mediterranean and in the Middle East became a top priority for W. Churchill’s cabinet. The author examines three episodes of Great Britain’s struggle for the Middle East in 1941 (Iraq, Syria, Iran), framing them into the general logic of the German-British confrontation during this period.The author emphas

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Liu, Nicolette. "The Transmission of The Great Depression Through Globalized Economies." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 09, no. 12 (2024): 6302–9. https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2024.v09i12.043.

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Before World War I, British banks and financial institutions played a significant role in the global economy, spreading British capital across the world through extensive international lending and investment. The price of gold was fixed in Britain, and the “gold standard was accepted as an objective fact, hardly subject to alteration.”1 However, with World War I, most countries abandoned the Gold standard, and America soon assumed the leadership position as most European countries were incapacitated due to their participation in the war. The World War significantly altered America’s position i

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Mosakova, E. A., and K. Kizilova. "Labor market in the UK in digital era: The gender dimension." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 3 (2021): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-512-519.

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The article considers gender discrimination in the field of labor relations in the United Kingdom (UK) in the pre-covid period. In the past decades, the Western European countries have made the most significant progress in achieving gender equality in various fields, including labor relations, and became the world leader in this area. However, despite all the efforts of the international community, no country has achieved a full gender equality, and Great Britain is no exception. The authors argue that the British anti-discrimination legislation (before leaving the European Union) was based on

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Giovanis, Eleftherios. "The relationship between flexible employment arrangements and workplace performance in Great Britain." International Journal of Manpower 39, no. 1 (2018): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-04-2016-0083.

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Purpose There is an increasing concern on the quality of jobs and productivity witnessed in the flexible employment arrangements. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between various flexible employment arrangements and the workplace performance. Design/methodology/approach Home-based working, teleworking, flexible timing and compressed hours are the main employment types examined using the Workplace Employee Relations Survey (WERS) over the years 2004 and 2011 in Great Britain. The workplace performance is measured by two outcomes – the financial performance and labour pro

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9

Linne, Karsten. "The “New Labour Policy” in Nazi Colonial Planning for Africa." International Review of Social History 49, no. 2 (2004): 197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900400149x.

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The National Socialist planning for a recolonization of Africa was based on a new social and labour policy and focused chiefly on the “labour question”. In designing their schemes, planners strove to mobilize wage labour and circumvent the much-feared “proletarianization” of the workers. The key problem in exploiting the African colonies had two main aspects: a shortage of manpower and migrant labour. Therefore, planners designed complex systems of organized, state-controlled labour recruitment, and formulated rules for labour contracts and compensation. An expanded labour administration was t

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Гречан, Алла, та Артем Коба. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ МОТИВАЦІЇ ОПЛАТИ ПРАЦІ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ". Automobile Roads and Road Construction, № 112 (30 листопада 2022): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2022-112-309-315.

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The article analyzes the peculiarities of remuneration of employed persons in the business sector. Compliance of "pay indicators" with the legislative basis of Ukraine - in particular, the Code of Labor Laws of Ukraine No. 322-08 dated 07.23.1996 (ed. dated 08.19.2022) and the Law of Ukraine "On Remuneration" No. 108/95 was determined - VR from 03/24/1995 (edited from 08/19/2022). The social, humanitarian, political and legal orientations of "labor remuneration" in the domestic doctrine of labor are outlined. The genesis of the right to work in Ukraine is analyzed in accordance with the provis

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Blikhar, M., N. Mykhalitska, M. Veresklia, I. Komarnytska, and G. Koziar. "FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE STATE: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE STUDY OF INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CAUSES OF CRISIS PHENOMENA IN THE ECONOMY." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, no. 37 (2021): 426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.230333.

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Abstract. The article maps out the topical issue of reinforcing the financial and economic security of our country by switching from uncritical compliance with standard requirements of financial institutions affecting the provision and amount of international loans to development of own economic policy on the basis of rethinking the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of the financial and economic security of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the issue of increasing the sustainability of the financial system of Ukraine taking into consideration foreign experience and to determin

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Ng, Shu Wen, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Susan A. Jebb, and Barry M. Popkin. "Patterns and trends of beverage consumption among children and adults in Great Britain, 1986–2009." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 3 (2011): 536–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511006465.

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Many dietary recommendations include reduction of excessive intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and other energy-rich beverages such as juices and alcohol. The present study examines surveys of both individual dietary intake data and household food expenditure surveys to provide a picture of patterns and trends in beverage intake and purchases in Great Britain from 1986 to 2009, and estimates the potential for pricing policy to promote more healthful beverage purchase patterns. In 2008–9, beverages accounted for 21, 14 and 18 % of daily energy intake for children aged 1·5–18 and 4–18 yea

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Popović, Goran, Ognjen Erić, and Jelena Bjelić. "Factor Analysis of Prices and Agricultural Production in the European Union." ECONOMICS 8, no. 1 (2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2020-0001.

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AbstractCommon agricultural policy (CAP) is a factor of development and cohesion of the European Union (EU) agriculture. The fundamentals of CAP were defined in the 1950s, when the Union was formed. Since then, CAP has been reforming and adapting to new circumstances. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union defines the goals of CAP: stable (acceptable) prices of agricultural products, growth, productivity and technological progress in agriculture, growth in farmers’ income and supplying the common market. Factor analysis of the prices and production goals of CAP directly or indirectly

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14

Sakthivel, P., Krishna Reddy Chittedi, and Daniel Sakyi. "Price Discovery and Volatility Transmission in Currency Spot and Futures Markets in India: An Empirical Analysis." Global Business Review 20, no. 4 (2017): 931–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917721834.

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This article investigates the price discovery and volatility transmission between currency spot and futures markets in India. Daily closing currency spot and futures prices of United States dollar/Indian Rupee (USD/INR), Japanese Yen/Indian Rupee (JPY/INR), Great Britain Pound/Indian Rupee (GBP/INR) and Euro/Indian Rupee (EUR/INR) from 1 March 2010 to 20 January 2015 were used. Both long-and short-run relationship as well as volatility transmission was investigated by the use of Engle Granger co-integration test, error correction mechanism, causality test and the bivariate GARCH model. The co-

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15

Martın Romero, Begoña. "Estimating the pay distribution in the new earnings survey using missing data methods." Statistical Journal of the IAOS: Journal of the International Association for Official Statistics 24, no. 3-4 (2007): 147–55. https://doi.org/10.3233/sji-2007-00674.

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The National Minimum Wage (NMW) was first introduced in Great Britain in April 1999. Measuring the impact of the NMW on levels of pay, and informing policy makers on how to set and change NMW levels require estimation of hourly pay distributions, especially at lower levels of the wage spectrum. Up to now, the hourly pay distribution was estimated using the hourly pay rate, which is derived from total earnings and hours worked. A major problem in producing reliable estimates is the difficulty in obtaining an accurate derived hourly pay, as the component variables are often prone to errors. The

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Metcalfe, P. J., and A. Sen. "Sensitivity to scope of water and wastewater service valuations: a meta-analysis of findings from water price reviews in Great Britain." Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy 11, no. 1 (2021): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2021.1984314.

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17

Anderson, Peter, Daša Kokole, and Eva Jane Llopis. "Production, Consumption, and Potential Public Health Impact of Low- and No-Alcohol Products: Results of a Scoping Review." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (2021): 3153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093153.

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Switching from higher strength to low- and no-alcohol products could result in consumers buying and drinking fewer grams of ethanol. We undertook a scoping review with systematic searches of English language publications between 1 January 2010 and 17 January 2021 using PubMed and Web of Science, covering production, consumption, and policy drivers related to low- and no-alcohol products. Seventy publications were included in our review. We found no publications comparing a life cycle assessment of health and environmental impacts between alcohol-free and regular-strength products. Three public

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18

McDougall, Gerald S. "National Styles of Regulation: Environmental Policy in Great Britain and the United States, David Vogel. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986, 328pp. Price: $39.95 cloth, $12.95 paper." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 6, no. 4 (2007): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050060416.

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19

Afzal, Mohammad. "The Impact of Globalisation on Economic Growth of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (2007): 723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.723-734.

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Globalisation has diverse definitions and concepts.1 Globalisation has many facets and has a variety of social, political and economic implications. This term introduced in early 1980, which never precisely defined, is a frequently used word in the political economy. It simply means growing integration of the national economies, openness to trade, financial flows, foreign direct investment and the increasing interaction of people in all facets of their lives. Globalisation also implies internationalisation of production, distribution and marketing of goods and services. International integrati

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20

Frolov, Serhiy, Maksym Ivasenko, Mariia Dykha, Iryna Shalyhina, Vladyslav Hrabar, and Veronika Fenyves. "Interaction between decentralized financial services and the traditional banking system: A comparative analysis." Banks and Bank Systems 19, no. 2 (2024): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(2).2024.05.

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This paper investigates the interaction between decentralized financial services and the traditional banking system by building VAR models, conducting Granger causality tests, building impulse response functions, and performing variance analysis. To implement the model, banking indicators of the USA, India, and Great Britain were selected: the volume of commercial and industrial loans, interest rate, consumer price index, total liabilities and capital of banks, aggregate deposits, federal funds rate (for the USA), and repo rate (for India). The study examined central bank data of the specified

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Kordos, Marcel. "British-Slovak Foreign Trade Relations: Consequences of Brexit." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 3 (2019): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.3-26.

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The possibility of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union has never been more realistic and up-to-date since joining the European Communities (EC) as it is today. The UK is facing a unique situation. At present, this depends solely on the capabilities of European and British government officials, who negotiate the terms of withdrawal and future cooperation between the two entities. The main goal of this paper is based on the British – Slovak trade relations development analysis to figure out their impact within the Brexit consequences on the future Slovak economy and its current status in

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Schrooten, Mechthild. "Mehr Mut zu grüner Geldpolitik." Wirtschaftsdienst 102, no. 6 (2022): 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10273-022-3220-6.

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AbstractMonetary policy currently has only limited room for manoeuvre to fight inflation. Structural supply problems, war and past omissions are having an impact. Inflation is hitting those hardest who cannot pass on the price increase. There is no evidence of a wage-price spiral in Germany at present. Raising the key interest rates now will not lead directly to a reduction in inflation. However, combining monetary policy with social and climate policy goals has great potential. It is a matter of having the courage to pursue a green monetary policy.

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Брух, М. І., О. Р. Левицька, І. Я. Городецька, О. М. Корнієнко, and Б. П. Громовик. "Immunomodulators as objects of the pharmaceutical market. Message I. Analysis of the nomenclature of immunostimulators." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 4 (August 24, 2023): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.01.

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Increasing incidence of chronic diseases (bronchial asthma, allergic conditions, cancer, multiple sclerosis), unmet clinical needs for the treatment of immune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, increasing number of post-covid diseases are driving the growth of the immunomodulator market. The global CAGR of the immunomodulator market is expected to be 5.4% during 2022–2027. That is why immunomodulators (immunostimulators and immunosuppressants) are a promising segment of the pharmaceutical market. The aim of the work was to study the range of immunomodulators (in terms of immunostimu

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Kjærgaard, Thorkild. "Freden i Kiel, Grønland og Nordatlanten 1814-2014." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 54 (March 3, 2015): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v54i0.118891.

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Thorkild Kjærgaard: The Peace in Kiel, Greenland, and the North Atlantic, 1814–2014 At the peace conference in Kiel (North Germany) in January 1814, the Danish-Norwegian North Atlantic Empire that controlled an enormous area of land and water, including not only Denmark (with Schleswig-Holstein) and Norway but also Iceland, the Faroe Islands and the huge, thinly populated ice-covered island of Greenland, was dissolved by the victorious powers of the Napoleonic wars. Norway was given to Sweden as compensation for Finland, which Sweden — now in the victorious coalition — had lost to Russia

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CUTLER, TONY. "Richard Aldrich, David Crook and David Watson, Education and Employment: the DfEE and its place in history, London, Institute of Education, 2000, xv + 238 pp., £15.99 pbk. David Price, Office of Hope: a history of the public employment service in Great Britain, London, Policy Studies Institute, 2000, £16.00 pbk." Journal of Social Policy 30, no. 2 (2001): 361–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279401306293.

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Wypych, Nataniel, and Zuzanna Zawolska. "The Migration Dilemma of the Younger Generation from the Perspective of Wage Purchasing Power." Finanse i Prawo Finansowe 3, no. 39 (2023): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.3.39.03.

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The purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to determine whether there is a need to differentiate between countries in terms of the amount of aid they provide for the return of their citizens, and in which of the European countries a person can save the most and build up wealth in the fastest way. Methodology. The study is based on historical data from 2016 to 2021 on average salaries, average cost of living, average price per square meter of housing in a country’s capital and the average price of a VW Golf IV car in 37 European countries. Results of the research. In the

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Adeniyi, Okeowo Idowu, Oladoke Sunday Oladeji, Abu Zekeri, Isaac Oladapo Olasehinde, and Adenika Oluwasogo Abimbola. "Investigation of Inflation and Wage Dynamics in Nigeria: New Empirical Insights." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 24, no. 11 (2024): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2024/v24i111558.

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The current inflationary pressure in Nigeria is eroding the purchasing power of the salaried workers and the value of the national currency with the proposition that it could worsen the welfare of the citizens despite the abject and extreme poverty that prevails in the country. The paper therefore made an empirical investigation into the inflation and wage dynamics in Nigeria. The variables were tested for unit roots using ADF tests. The unit roots shows that all the variables are non-stationary at levels except the Consumer Price Index of Transportation (CT) and Wages and Salaried Workers as

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Kowalewski, Pawel, and Sayuri Shirai. "A quarter of a century of the BoJ’s efforts to overcome liquidity trap." Bank i Kredyt Vol. 54, No. 4 (2023): 335–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.5714.

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Japan was the first country to experience sustained deflationary threat since the late 1990s. It stemmed from a mixture of factors of different natures, out of which domestic structural rigidities and the Great Moderation played the key role. Confronting these pressures were not easy for the Bank of Japan (BoJ). This process was lengthy and associated mistakes in monetary policy decisions proved to be unavoidable, but it led to the transition of the BoJ from an obsolete institution into a bold, innovative central bank, which since 2013 has started to set new trends in the monetary policies wor

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LAIKO, O. I., V. P. TALPA, and Z. V. CHECHOVICH. "THE ROLE OF LOCAL TAXES IN STIMULATING ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES." Economic innovations 22, no. 3(76) (2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2020.22.3(76).53-66.

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Topicality. Local taxes and fees are a means of filling basic budgets not only in the direct sense, when the fiscal function of such taxes is performed but also when the regulatory function of such taxes is activated and local authorities have the opportunity to improve the business climate of their economic mesosystem and change its structure, giving preference to the most promising types of economic activity. Currently, Ukraine has adopted a general institutional framework that makes it possible to conduct economic cooperation of territorial communities, but the provisions of legislative, me

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Rockoff, Hugh. "On the Controversies Behind the Origins of the Federal Economic Statistics." Journal of Economic Perspectives 33, no. 1 (2019): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.1.147.

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Our federal economic statistics originated in the economic and political divisions in the United States and the bitter debates over economic policy they engendered at the end of the 19th century and during the world wars and Great Depression. Workers were angry because they believed that they were being exploited by robber barons who were capturing all of the benefits of economic growth, while employers were just as sure that the second industrial revolution had brought workers an unparalleled increase in real wages. Other debates centered on the effects of unrestricted immigration on wages an

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Bidabad, Bijan, and Mahshid Sherafati. "Mesoeconomics of Migration and Trade." International Journal of Business and Management Future 3, no. 1 (2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijbmf.v3i1.303.

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In this paper, we analyze Mesoeconomics of migration and trade in interregional and international economy. Decision-makers are interested in analyzing how changing the prices or wages will lead to these movements and what policies can be devised to revert the markets into their initial equilibrium. We assume in our simple model, that the wages or prices change in one region, and we will measure the equilibrium of the markets of the two regions. After some time, by migration of workers and trading commodities, a new equilibrium will be achieved. If one of the governments of the two regions inte

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Đuričin, Dragan, and Iva Herceg-Vuksanović. "Envisioning a new economic system after the transition from pandemic to endemic: Serbia's perspective." Ekonomika preduzeca 70, no. 1-2 (2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopre2202001d.

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In the last two and a half centuries, industrialization, propelled by a catalytic impact of free-market capitalism, has been contributing to prosperity and breaking the limits beyond all imagination that during the history inhibited the development of human potential. Unfortunately, neoliberal capitalism, as the last and most extreme variant of free-market capitalism, has shown some hidden fractures. After the Great Recession of 2008, the problems due to inbuilt fault lines and misconceptions erupted to the surface. Over the last two years, marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, the world economy ha

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"Minimum wage policy in Great Britain and the United States." Choice Reviews Online 46, no. 03 (2008): 46–1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.46-1609.

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Monsuur, Fredrik, Marcus Enoch, Mohammed Quddus, and Stuart Meek. "Investigating the role of preference variation in the perceptions of railway passengers in Great Britain." Transportation, June 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-023-10397-x.

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AbstractThis study explores the factors associated with passenger satisfaction on the UK railways. To uncover taste variation, the data was segmented into three homogeneous groups of passengers through a latent class ordered logit model, whereby the class allocation was based on observed personal and trip characteristics. The findings suggest that there is significant variation in the impact of service attributes on overall satisfaction across the segments, ‘class a’, ‘class b’ and ‘class c’. Class a (15% of the sample) consists of moderately dissatisfied to highly dissatisfied passengers, for

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Savchenko, Tetyana. "STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL MARKETS OF POULTRY PRODUCTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF EURO INTERACTION." Herald UNU. International Economic Relations And World Economy, no. 44 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2413-9971/2022-44-12.

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The article examines the influence of European integration processes on the conditions of functioning of regional markets of poultry products of Ukraine. The importance of the poultry industry for the development of the agricultural sector of the country’s economy and ensuring food security has been clarified. The impact of the export of poultry products on the development of production, the unification of products, the reduction of their cost price, the introduction of a flexible price policy, the improvement of the professionalism of employees due to the exchange of experience during migrati

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Kot, Tetiana, and Irina Grinko. "INFLUENCE OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WORLD MONETARY SYSTEM." Herald UNU. International Economic Relations And World Economy, no. 52 (2024). https://doi.org/10.32782/2413-9971/2024-52-18.

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The article is devoted to the study of the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the world monetary system in conditions of global turbulence and uncertainty. The modern world currency system is characterized by a number of problems caused by the inconsistency of currency policy, the devaluation of national currencies, which negatively affects international currency relations on a global scale. Therefore, the formation process and main elements of the world currency system were studied. Scientific approaches to defining the essence of the concept of "exchange rate" were analyzed and the func

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Chestnutt, Ivor G., and Anwen L. Cope. "A retrospective analysis of NHS patient dental charges in England, Scotland and Wales." British Dental Journal, August 16, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-024-7739-3.

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AbstractObjectives This analysis aimed to: i) review how patient dental charges (PDCs) changed over time in England, Scotland and Wales; ii) determine how these changes relate to a) inflation and b) minimum wages; and iii) how the charges have varied in the devolved administrations.Methods Data were obtained from NHS and Office for National Statistics (ONS) records and historical valuations of the national living wage (NLW). General inflation was calculated using the ONS Consumer Price Index.Results PDCs differed significantly between countries in relation to cost; which aspects of dental care

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ŞENOL, Celal. "Sustainability of the Belgrad Forest: Visitor Opinions About the Potential, Price and Service Policy." Mavi Atlas, September 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1163163.

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This research focuses on the analysis of the sustainable use of the Belgrade Forest and recreation area, which make up part of the northern forests of Istanbul.  The forest, which is defined as the oxygen reservoir of the city, is one of the places that the local people use intensively. Activities for different interests such as sports, activities, leisure time, barbecue and observation are carried out in the recreation area. A large part of the region, which is among the natural assets of Istanbul, is under protection. In the city where the population is constantly increasing, it is of

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Robb, Thomas. "From the Editor." Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language--TESL-EJ, November 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55593/ej.27107fromed.

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[First part only] Dear Readers, While this issue is a bit slimmer than usual, it contains an informative set of articles on a variety of currently relevant topics: Creativity-nurturing practices in ELT (Iran), Reading circles (Mali), Learner agency (Indonesia), Summer English camps (Canada) and Code-switching & translanguaging (Japan). Readers might have noticed that the On the Internet article for this issue was pre-released so that it would be available for reference to teachers in schools that start their term in or around September. We thank Ilka Koska & Rachel Toncelli for offerin

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Pashchenko, Oksana, Оlena Zharikova, and Larysa Oliinyk. "INCOME AS ONE OF THE WELL-BEING FACTORS OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE." Bioeconomics and Agrarian Business 12, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bioeconomy13(2).2022.51-69.

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The paper aims to analyze the Ukrainians income structure, to study of the ratio of real, nominal wages and the consumer prices index; to draw a scatter diagram, which makes it possible to make assumptions about a logarithmic nature of the relationship between indicators of average annual wages and GDP growth per capita by countries; to study the correlation between average annual rates GDP growth per capita and wages based on correlation-regression analysis; to determine the ways to improve the well-being in modern conditions. The living standard of the population is one of the main socio-eco

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"Book Reviews." Journal of Economic Literature 49, no. 1 (2011): 129–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.49.1.129.

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Michael Watts of Purdue University reviews “Better Living through Economics” edited by John J. Siegfried. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins, “Twelve papers and fourteen comments explore the fundamental contributions of economic research to important public policy decisions over the past half century. Papers discuss the evolution of emissions trading; better living through improved price indexes; economics and the Earned Income Tax Credit;….” Arthur J. Robson of Simon Fraser University reviews “The Bounds of Reason: Game Theory and the Unification of the Behavioral Sciences” by H

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Melleuish, Greg. "Of 'Rage of Party' and the Coming of Civility." M/C Journal 22, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1492.

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There is a disparity between expectations that the members of a community will work together for the common good — and the stark reality that human beings form into groups, or parties, to engage in conflict with each other. This is particularly the case in so-called popular governments that include some wider political involvement by the people. In ancient Greece stasis, or endemic conflict between the democratic and oligarchic elements of a city was very common. Likewise, the late Roman Republic maintained a division between the populares and the optimates. In both cases there was violence as

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Smith, Jenny Leigh. "Tushonka: Cultivating Soviet Postwar Taste." M/C Journal 13, no. 5 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.299.

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During World War II, the Soviet Union’s food supply was in a state of crisis. Hitler’s army had occupied the agricultural heartlands of Ukraine and Southern Russia in 1941 and, as a result, agricultural production for the entire nation had plummeted. Soldiers in Red Army, who easily ate the best rations in the country, subsisted on a daily allowance of just under a kilogram of bread, supplemented with meat, tea, sugar and butter when and if these items were available. The hunger of the Red Army and its effect on the morale and strength of Europe’s eastern warfront were causes for concern for t

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Huang, Angela Lin. "Leaving the City: Artist Villages in Beijing." M/C Journal 14, no. 4 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.366.

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Introduction: Artist Villages in Beijing Many of the most renowned sites of Beijing are found in the inner-city districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng: for instance, the Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square, the Lama Temple, the National Theatre, the Central Opera Academy, the Bell Tower, the Drum Tower, the Imperial College, and the Confucius Temple. However, in the past decade a new attraction has been added to the visitor “must-see” list in Beijing. The 798 Art District originated as an artist village within abandoned factory buildings at Dashanzi, right between the city’s Central Business District

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Almila, Anna-Mari. "Fabricating Effervescence." M/C Journal 24, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2741.

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Introduction In November 2020, upon learning that the company’s Covid-19 vaccine trial had been successful, the head of Pfizer’s Vaccine Research and Development, Kathrin Jansen, celebrated with champagne – “some really good stuff” (Cohen). Bubbles seem to go naturally with celebration, and champagne is fundamentally associated with bubbles. Yet, until the late-seventeenth century, champagne was a still wine, and it only reached the familiar levels of bubbliness in the late-nineteenth century (Harding). During this period and on into the early twentieth century, “champagne” was in many ways cr

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Adams, Jillian Elaine. "Marketing Tea against a Turning Tide: Coffee and the Tea Council of Australia 1963–1974." M/C Journal 15, no. 2 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.472.

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The Coming of Coffee Before World War II, Australians followed British tradition and largely drank tea. When coffee challenged the tea drinking habit in post-war Australia, the tea industry fought back using the most up-to-date marketing techniques imported from America. The shift to coffee drinking in post-war Australia is, therefore, explored through a focus on both the challenges faced by the tea industry and how that industry tackled the trend towards coffee. By focusing on the Australian Tea Council’s marketing campaign promoting tea as a fashionable drink and preferable to coffee, this a

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Wise, Jenny, and Lesley McLean. "Making Light of Convicts." M/C Journal 24, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2737.

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Introduction The social roles of alcohol consumption are rich and varied, with different types of alcoholic beverages reflecting important symbolic and cultural meanings. Sparkling wine is especially notable for its association with secular and sacred celebrations. Indeed, sparkling wine is rarely drunk as a matter of routine; bottles of such wine signal special occasions, heightened by the formality and excitement associated with opening the bottle and controlling (or not!) the resultant fizz (Faith). Originating in England and France in the late 1600s, sparkling wine marked a dramatic shift

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