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Journal articles on the topic 'Wall pressures'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Harrop‐Williams, Kingsley O. "Geostatic Wall Pressures." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 115, no. 9 (1989): 1321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1989)115:9(1321).

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2

Sadrekarimi, Abouzar. "Pseudo-static lateral earth pressures on broken-back retaining walls." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 11 (2010): 1247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-025.

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Displacement of retaining walls during earthquakes causes damage to the structures founded on their backfill. The displacement of the wall can be reduced by decreasing the lateral earth pressure applied on its back. This can be achieved in a broken-back wall as the size of the failure wedge formed behind the wall is reduced; therefore, the calculation of lateral earth pressures is essential in assessing the safety of and designing broken-back retaining walls. In this study, a series of reduced-scale shaking table model experiments were performed on broken-back quay walls composed of concrete b

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3

Song, Fei, Jian Min Zhang, and Lu Yu Zhang. "Evaluation of Earth Pressures Against Rigid Retaining Structures with RTT Mode." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.200.

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The evaluation of earth pressure is of vital importance for the design of various retaining walls and infrastructures. Experimental studies show that earth pressures are closely related to the mode and amount of wall displacement. In this paper, based on the reveal of the formation mechanism of earth pressures against rigid retaining wall with RTT mode, a new method is proposed to calculate the earth pressure distribution in such conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is confirmed by the experimental results.

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4

Boone, Lorne C., David C. Sego, and S. Peter Dozzi. "Field performance of thin wall foundations." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 2 (1996): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-037.

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The feasibility of building residential basement foundation walls of unreinforced concrete thinner than the conventional 200 mm thick wall is investigated. An optimum thickness of 150 mm was determined for an unreinforced 2400 mm high foundation wall based on the use of equivalent fluid pressures with sand and gravel backfill material. For walls backfilled with other than clean sand and gravel, or with a submerged condition, it was found that the theoretical maximum backfill heights for both 150 and 200 mm walls are substantially less than those presently specified by the Alberta Building Code

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5

Chen, Zuyu, and Songmei Li. "Evaluation of active earth pressure by the generalized method of slices." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 4 (1998): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-022.

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The generalized method of slices, commonly used in slope stability analysis, can be extended to determine active earth pressures applied to various types of supports. The governing force and moment equlibrium equations are given. In a similar manner to slope stability analysis, the methods of optimization are used to define the critical slip surface that is associated with the maximum wall pressure. Examples show that the approaches give active earth pressures identical to the Rankine solution for gravity walls. For other types of support, such as anchored or strutted walls, the earth pressure

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6

Harrop-Williams, K. O. "Geostatic wall pressures. Technical note." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 27, no. 2 (1990): A115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(90)95273-4.

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7

Eigenbrod, K. D., and J. P. Burak. "Field measurement of anchor forces, ground temperatures, and pore-water pressures behind a retaining structure in northwestern Ontario." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 1 (1992): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-012.

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Anchor forces, ground temperatures, and piezometric pressures were measured at a retaining wall in northwestern Ontario over a period of 2 years. The anchor forces were measured with strain gauges attached in pairs directly to the anchor rods. This method appeared practical in the field for time periods of less than 2 years as long as the strain gauges were carefully protected against moisture. The anchor forces increased from an average of 5 kN initially up to values of 50 kN during the winter periods and dropped during the summer periods back to the same values measured initially. The anchor

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8

Filz, George M., and James M. Duncan. "Earth Pressures Due to Compaction: Comparison of Theory with Laboratory and Field Behavior." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1526, no. 1 (1996): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152600105.

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Compaction of backfill adjacent to stiff and unyielding structures induces earth pressures in the compacted fill that exceed normal at-rest earth pressures. A numerical method that can be used to calculate compaction-induced lateral earth pressures has been proposed by Duncan and Seed. The purpose of the study described in this paper is to evaluate the theory by comparing calculated and measured compaction-induced lateral earth pressures. The data for the comparisons is from values measured in backfills behind three stiff, unyielding walls: the instrumented retaining wall in the Transport and

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9

Ooi, Phillip S. K., Michael T. Adams, and Joseph B. Lawrence. "Long-Term Behavior of a Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Integrated Bridge System in Hawaii." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (2019): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119827913.

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A 109.5-Ft-long Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Integrated Bridge System (GRS-IBS) in Hawaii was instrumented to measure superstructure strains, vertical pressures below the footing, lateral pressures behind the end wall and modular block facing, and lateral displacements of the facing. Field surveys were also performed to measure the bridge footing settlement. The field data showed that: (1) with time the superstructure compressive concrete strains gradually increased and the end wall lateral pressures gradually decreased, evidence of superstructure concrete creep and shrinkage; (2) three years

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10

Thompson, S. A., N. Galili, and R. A. Williams. "Lateral and vertical pressures in two different full-scale grain bins during loading Presiones laterales y verticales durante el llenado de diferentes silos para granos." Food Science and Technology International 3, no. 5 (1997): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329700300508.

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Lateral and vertical floor pressures were measured in two different corrugated-walled steel grain bins using load cells mounted on the floor and walls of the bin. Bin one was 12.8 m in diameter and 17.1 m tall and bin two was 11.0 m in diameter and 14.0 m tall. Tests were conducted with corn. In the 12.8 m diameter bin the largest average lateral wall pressure was 28.2 kPa at a grain depth of 15.2 m, while in the 11.0 m diameter bin the largest average lateral pressure was 26.9 kPa at a grain depth of 11.9 m. Design standard EP433 produced only slightly more conservative lateral wall pressure

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11

Shu, Jicheng, Jianping Sun, Dingwen Zhang, and Huanwei Wei. "Sequential Measurement and Analysis of Large Underground Retaining Structures by Diaphragm Wall Anchor for the Spring Area." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5291420.

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The performance of a diaphragm wall-anchor structure in spring area in Jinan city, China, is studied. Based on field measured data, lateral wall deflections, lateral soil movements, horizontal displacement of the capping beam, the maximum lateral wall deflection, ground surface settlement, lateral earth pressures on diaphragm wall, internal force of diaphragm wall, axial anchoring forces, settlements of adjacent building, and pore-water pressure are investigated. The results indicate that the maximum deflections of the lateral wall are 0.07%∼0.18% of the excavation depth (He). The ground surfa

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12

Dawe, J. L., and G. G. Aridru. "Prestressed concrete masonry walls subjected to uniform out-of-plane loading." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 6 (1993): 969–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-128.

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Two series of post-tensioned concrete masonry walls subjected to uniform lateral loading were tested to investigate their flexural strength behaviour. Each series of walls consisted of four full-scale prestressed specimens, with varying levels of prestressing force, and one reinforced specimen. Of particular interest were the load–deflection curves, initial cracking loads, wall stiffness, crack patterns, and ultimate failure loads. An air bag test apparatus was used for applying lateral uniform pressures to the specimens. Results of this experimental investigation showed that, for a given wall

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13

Ashill, P. R., and R. F. A. Keating. "Calculation of tunnel wall interference from wall-pressure measurements." Aeronautical Journal 92, no. 911 (1988): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000021813.

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Summary A method is described for calculating wall interference in solid-wall wind tunnels from measurements of static pressures at the walls. Since it does not require a simulation of the model flow, the technique is particularly suited to determining wall interference for complex flows such as those over VSTOL aircraft, helicopters and bluff shapes (e.g. cars and trucks). An experimental evaluation shows that the method gives wall-induced velocities which are in good agreement with those of existing methods in cases where these techniques are valid, and illustrates its effectiveness for incl

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14

Chabert, Steren, and Larry A. Taber. "Intramyocardial pressure measurements in the stage 18 embryonic chick heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 282, no. 4 (2002): H1248—H1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00364.2001.

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Intramyocardial pressure (IMP) and ventricular pressure (VP) were measured in the trabeculating heart of the stage 18 chick embryo (3 days of incubation). Pressure was measured at several locations across the ventricle using a fluid-filled servo-null system. Maximum systolic and minimum diastolic IMP tended to be greater in the dorsal wall than in the ventral wall, but transmural distributions of peak active (maximum minus minimum) IMP were similar in both walls. Peak active IMP near midwall was similar to peak active VP, but peak active IMP in the subepicardial and subendocardial layers was f

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15

Varela-Rivera, Jorge, Manuel Polanco-May, Luis Fernandez-Baqueiro, and Eric I. Moreno. "Confined masonry walls subjected to combined axial loads and out-of-plane uniform pressures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 4 (2012): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-021.

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This paper presents the results of a study on the behavior of three full-scale confined masonry walls subjected to combined axial loads and out-of-plane uniform pressures. The variable studied was the wall axial load. Analytical models were developed to predict out-of-plane cracking and maximum pressures. The former was predicted using the finite element method and the latter using the spring-strut method. This last method was modified to include the effect of the wall axial load. Experimental cracking and maximum pressures were compared with those obtained from analytical models. Based on the

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16

Alarcon, Cristhian A. Mancilla, William H. McAnally, and Richard L. Stockstill. "Hydrodynamic loadings on a floating guard wall at a navigation lock." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 9 (2007): 1069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-040.

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New float-in technology is being applied to construction of floating guard walls in navigation projects such as Olmsted lock and dam on the Ohio River. Guard wall fluid-structure interaction design can be decoupled if the effects of the structural response on the fluid load pattern are negligible. The assumption that the hydrodynamic pressures acting on a floating guard wall can be decoupled from the structural response of the wall is tested. The effects of the flow and pressure distribution in the presence of a typical guard wall were modeled and used as boundary conditions for structural ana

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17

Drzewiecki, Gary, Shawn Field, Issam Moubarak, and John K. J. Li. "Vessel growth and collapsible pressure-area relationship." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 4 (1997): H2030—H2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.4.h2030.

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The role that the pattern of vessel wall growth plays in determining pressure-lumen area (P-A) and pressure-compliance curves was examined. A P-A vessel model was developed that encompasses the complete range of pressure, including negative values, and accounts for size given the fixed length, nonlinear elastic wall properties, constant wall area, and collapse. Data were obtained from excised canine carotid and femoral arteries, jugular veins, and elastic tubing. The mean error of estimate was 8 mmHg for all vessels studied and 2 mmHg for blood vessels. The P-A model was employed to examine tw

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18

Loring, S. H., K. Yoshino, W. R. Kimball, and G. M. Barnas. "Gravitational and shear-associated pressure gradients in the abdomen." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 3 (1994): 1375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.3.1375.

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The abdomen has been variously characterized as a hydrostatic system, in which pressures exhibit a gravitational gradient and pressure fluctuations are spatially uniform, and as a compartment, in which pressure gradients are not simply gravitational and pressure fluctuations differ markedly from place to place. To characterize the pressures acting on the ventral abdominal wall, we used saline-filled catheters and air-filled balloons in anesthetized dogs in various body positions during spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation. Pressures were measured in the stomach and at multiple site

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19

Yang, Xiao, and Guo Lin Yang. "Soil Pressure Test and Numerical Analysis on Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall of Green Gabion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5039.

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Based on reinforced earth retaining wall of green gabion which is built at the site of seventh project Shaoxing-Zhuji Expressway, the research for soil pressure in a cross section which locate at the site of K38+398kmare made by field test and numerical analysis. The horizontal and vertical earth pressure are studied in the construction, The pressures between field test and numerical analysis which depend on FLAC3D are rough similar. With increased of height in filling soil, the earth pressures on the wall toe in 3 direction such as horizon , vertical, 45°are increased ,and then gradually come

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20

Li, Dong, Wei Wang, and Qichang Zhang. "Lateral Earth Pressure behind Walls Rotating about Base considering Arching Effects." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/715891.

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In field, the earth pressure on a retaining wall is the common effect of kinds of factors. To figure out how key factors act, it has taken into account the arching effects together with the contribution from the mode of displacement of a wall to calculate earth pressure in the proposed method. Based on Mohr circle, a conversion factor is introduced to determine the shear stresses between artificial slices in soil mass. In the light of this basis, a modified differential slices solution is presented for calculation of active earth pressure on a retaining wall. Comparisons show that the result o

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21

Dozzi, P., J. Warwaruk, and B. Laviolette. "Thin unreinforced concrete house foundation walls." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 3 (1992): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-047.

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The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of building residential basement foundation walls of unreinforced concrete thinner than the conventional 200 mm thick wall. The thin-wall foundation should require no special engineering attention, and should be acceptable as a standard to the industry.The study comprised a literature search, building code review, and a feasibility analysis which included technical and cost considerations. Additionally, an industry perspective was obtained through interviews with house builders and contractors specializing in residential basement wor

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22

Malone, A. S., T. H. Shellhammer, and P. D. Courtney. "Effects of High Pressure on the Viability, Morphology, Lysis, and Cell Wall Hydrolase Activity of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 9 (2002): 4357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.9.4357-4363.2002.

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ABSTRACT Viability, morphology, lysis, and cell wall hydrolase activity of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 and SK11 were determined after exposure to pressure. Both strains were completely inactivated at pressures of 400 to 800 MPa but unaffected at 100 and 200 MPa. At 300 MPa, the MG1363 and SK11 populations decreased by 7.3 and 2.5 log cycles, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that pressure caused intracellular and cell envelope damage. Pressure-treated MG1363 cell suspensions lysed more rapidly over time than did non-pressure-treated controls. Twenty-four ho

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23

Kihara, Naoto, Hideki Kaida, Atsushi Shibayama, and Yoshinori Miyagawa. "RESPONSES OF CONCRETE VERTICAL WALLS TO TSUNAMI WAVE PRESSURES AND DEBRIS IMPACT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.papers.38.

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By carrying out a set of experiments on the responses of vertical concrete/RC walls to tsunami impacts, the characteristics of the responses of concrete/RC walls to tsunami impacts were investigated. Experiments on both the responses of walls to only tsunami wave pressure and those to both tsunami wave pressure and debris collision were carried out. In experiments on the responses only to tsunami wave pressure, flexural failure at the base of the wall was observed when the bending moment at the base of the wall was greater than the predicted cracking moment. In experiments on the responses to

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24

Wauters, Joost, Piet Claus, Nathalie Brosens, et al. "Relationship between Abdominal Pressure, Pulmonary Compliance, and Cardiac Preload in a Porcine Model." Critical Care Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/763181.

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Rationale. Elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) may compromise respiratory and cardiovascular function by abdomino-thoracic pressure transmission. We aimed (1) to study the effects of elevated IAP on pleural pressure, (2) to understand the implications for lung and chest wall compliances and (3) to determine whether volumetric filling parameters may be more accurate than classical pressure-based filling pressures for preload assessment in the setting of elevated IAP.Methods. In eleven pigs, IAP was increased stepwise from 6 to 30 mmHg. Hemodynamic, esophageal, and pulmonary pressures were r

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25

Heldt, G. P., and M. B. McIlroy. "Dynamics of chest wall in preterm infants." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 1 (1987): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.1.170.

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The chest wall of the preterm infant has visible paradoxical movement during breathing, because of its greater flexibility than those of older children and adults. We studied the dynamics of the chest wall in 10 preterm infants to describe the interaction of the chest wall volume, as partitioned by the inductance plethysmograph, and the transthoracic and abdominal pressures. There was considerable hysteresis between the chest wall volume and the transthoracic pressure, and it had linear pressure-volume behavior during airway occlusion, late inspiration, and early expiration. The slope of this

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26

Godbey, P. S., J. A. Graham, R. G. Presson, W. W. Wagner, and T. C. Lloyd. "Effect of capillary pressure and lung distension on capillary recruitment." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 4 (1995): 1142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.4.1142.

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To investigate the effect of capillary pressure and alveolar distension on capillary recruitment, we used video-microscopy to quantify capillary recruitment in individual subpleural alveolar walls. Canine lobes were perfused with autologous blood either while inflated by positive airway pressure or while inflated by negative intrapleural pressure in the intact thorax with airway pressure remaining atmospheric. Low flow rates minimized the arteriovenous pressure gradient (< 5 mmHg), permitting capillary pressure estimation by averaging these pressures. Capillary pressure was varied stepwise

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27

KRESS, BRIAN T., and DAVID C. MONTGOMERY. "Pressure determinations for incompressible fluids and magnetofluids." Journal of Plasma Physics 64, no. 4 (2000): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800008825.

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Certain unresolved ambiguities surround pressure determinations for incompressible flows: both Navier–Stokes and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD). For uniform-density fluids with standard Newtonian viscous terms, taking the divergence of the equation of motion leaves a Poisson equation for the pressure to be solved. But Poisson equations require boundary conditions. For the case of rectangular periodic boundary conditions, pressures determined in this way are unambiguous. But in the presence of ‘no-slip’ rigid walls, the equation of motion can be used to infer both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary cond

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28

Franco, Leopoldo, Giorgio Bellotti, and Claudia Cecioni. "PHYSICAL MODEL TESTS OF WAVE OVERTOPPING AND FORCES ON BREAKWATER CROWN WALLS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.papers.63.

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This paper describes new physical model tests aiming at measuring both wave overtopping and wave induced forces on rubble mound breakwater crown walls. The physical model and the equipment used for the measurements are described in detail. For the completed tests, a detailed analysis is reported, by evaluating the properties of the incoming waves at the toe of the breakwater and some statistical parameters to describe the wave induced forces and pressures on the crown wall. Careful analysis is also carried out to evaluate how the distribution of the pressures changes with time. It is found tha

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29

Ratjen, F., R. Zinman, and M. E. Wohl. "A new technique to demonstrate flow limitation in partial expiratory flow-volume curves in infants." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 4 (1989): 1662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.4.1662.

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Partial expiratory flow-volume (PEFV) curves in infants are generated by applying a compressive pressure over the chest wall with an inflatable jacket. This study addresses two issues: pressure transmission to and across the chest wall and whether flow limitation can be identified. Eleven infants sedated with chloral hydrate were studied. Pressure transmission to the chest wall, measured with neonatal blood pressure cuffs placed on the infant's body surface, was 72 +/- 4% of jacket pressure during compression maneuvers. The pressure transmission to the air spaces, determined by measuring airwa

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30

Wang, Qin Hua, Bi Qing Shi, and Ping Sheng Xu. "Peak Pressure on Curtain Wall of a High-Rise Building with above 200 Meters High." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1421.

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In this paper, pressure time history on curtain wall of high-rise building are sampled through synchronous multi-spots pressure measurement test in wind tunnel. Peak pressures are calculated by using the method mentioned in this paper for design of curtain wall. Some results and conclusion are useful for design of curtain wall on high-rise building.

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31

Zhou, Zhao-Nian, Sheng-Jing Dong, Eldon R. Smith, and John V. Tyberg. "Differences in distensibility between the anterior and posterior walls of the left ventricle in dogs." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 3 (1991): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-051.

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Nonuniformity of myocardial systolic and diastolic performance in the normal left ventricle has been recognized by a number of investigators. Lack of homogeneity in diastolic properties might be caused by or related to differences in the distensibility of different regions of the left ventricular (LV) wall. Thus, we compared the end-diastolic transmural pressure–strain relations in both the anterior and posterior LV walls in seven anesthetized dogs during two interventions (pulmonary artery constriction and aortic constriction). Transmural pressure was defined as the difference between LV intr

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32

Yang, Qing Guang, Jie Liu, Jie He, and Shan Huang Luo. "Estimation of Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Wall with Translation Mode." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.682.

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Considering the movement effect of translation mode，friction angle reduction coefficient and method of bevel-layer analysis,estimation of active earth pressures is deduced for cohesiveless soil retaining wall with translation mode.In order to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach，a model test for active earth pressures was conducted in laboratory;and the proposed method was used to analyze this model. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the curve of active earth pressure increases firstly and decreases then along the depth of retaining wall with different values of s

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33

Miller, Larry S., Joseph K. Kim, Qing Dai, et al. "Mechanics and hemodynamics of esophageal varices during peristaltic contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 287, no. 4 (2004): G830—G835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00015.2004.

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Our hypothesis states that variceal pressure and wall tension increase dramatically during esophageal peristaltic contractions. This increase in pressure and wall tension is a natural consequence of the anatomy and physiology of the esophagus and of the esophageal venous plexus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate variceal hemodynamics during peristaltic contraction. A simultaneous ultrasound probe and manometry catheter was placed in the distal esophagus in nine patients with esophageal varices. Simultaneous esophageal luminal pressure and ultrasound images of varices were recorded duri

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34

Johnson, Mark, and John M. Tarbell. "A Biphasic, Anisotropic Model of the Aortic Wall." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 123, no. 1 (2000): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1339817.

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A biphasic, anisotropic elastic model of the aortic wall is developed and compared to literature values of experimental measurements of vessel wall radii, thickness, and hydraulic conductivity as a function of intraluminal pressure. The model gives good predictions using a constant wall modulus for pressures less than 60 mmHg, but requires a strain-dependent modulus for pressures greater than this. In both bovine and rabbit aorta, the tangential modulus is found to be approximately 20 times greater than the radial modulus. These moduli lead to predictions that, when perfused in a cylindrical g

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35

Choudhury, Deepankar, and K. S. Subba Rao. "Seismic passive resistance in soils for negative wall friction." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 4 (2002): 971–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-023.

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In the presence of pseudo-static seismic forces, passive earth pressure coefficients behind retaining walls were generated using the limit equilibrium method of analysis for the negative wall friction angle case (i.e., the wall moves upwards relative to the backfill) with logarithmic spirals as rupture surfaces. Individual density, surcharge, and cohesion components were computed to obtain the total minimum seismic passive resistance in soils by adding together the individual minimum components. The effect of variation in wall batter angle, ground slope, wall friction angle, soil friction angl

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Loring, Stephen H., Carl R. O'Donnell, Negin Behazin, et al. "Esophageal pressures in acute lung injury: do they represent artifact or useful information about transpulmonary pressure, chest wall mechanics, and lung stress?" Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 3 (2010): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00835.2009.

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Acute lung injury can be worsened by inappropriate mechanical ventilation, and numerous experimental studies suggest that ventilator-induced lung injury is increased by excessive lung inflation at end inspiration or inadequate lung inflation at end expiration. Lung inflation depends not only on airway pressures from the ventilator but, also, pleural pressure within the chest wall. Although esophageal pressure (Pes) measurements are often used to estimate pleural pressures in healthy subjects and patients, they are widely mistrusted and rarely used in critical illness. To assess the credibility

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37

Fang, Yung‐Show, Tsang‐Jiang Chen, and Bin‐Ferng Wu. "Passive Earth Pressures with Various Wall Movements." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 120, no. 8 (1994): 1307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1994)120:8(1307).

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38

S. C. Negi and J. C. Jofriet. "Computer-Aided Prediction of Silo-Wall Pressures." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 2, no. 2 (1986): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26731.

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39

Fang, Yung‐Show, and Isao Ishibashi. "Static Earth Pressures with Various Wall Movements." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 112, no. 3 (1986): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1986)112:3(317).

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Xing, Cheng, Siqun Wang, George M. Pharr, and Leslie H. Groom. "Effect of thermo-mechanical refining pressure on the properties of wood fibers as measured by nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy." Holzforschung 62, no. 2 (2008): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2008.050.

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Abstract Refined wood fibers of a 54-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) mature wood were investigated by nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of steam pressure, in the range of 2–18 bar, during thermo-mechanical refining was investigated and the nano-mechanical properties and nano- or micro-level damages of the cell wall were evaluated. The results indicate that refining pressure has important effects on the physical and mechanical properties of refined fibers. No obvious damage was observed in the cell walls at pressures between 2 and 4 bar. Nano-cracks (most les

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Edyvean, J., M. Estenne, M. Paiva, and L. A. Engel. "Lung and chest wall mechanics in microgravity." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 5 (1991): 1956–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1956.

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We studied the effect of 15–20 s of weightlessness on lung, chest wall, and abdominal mechanics in five normal subjects inside an aircraft flying repeated parabolic trajectories. We measured flow at the mouth, thoracoabdominal and compartmental volume changes, and gastric pressure (Pga). In two subjects, esophageal pressures were measured as well, allowing for estimates of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi). In all subjects functional residual capacity at 0 Gz decreased by 244 +/- 31 ml as a result of the inward displacement of the abdomen. End-expiratory Pga decreased from 6.8 +/- 0.8 cmH2O at

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Zucker, Tal, Neil M. Skjodt, and Richard L. Jones. "Effects of High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation on Pleural Pressure and Oscillated Flow." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 42, no. 6 (2008): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-42.6.485.

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Abstract The effectiveness of high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HF-CWO) is directly related to the level of oscillated flow (vosc) in the airways. We used the Vest™ system to investigate the effects of HFCWO on chest wall and pleural pressures and we correlated these pressures to the resultant vosc. We also compared the latest HFCWO device with it predecessor. Different combinations of vest inflation pressure (background pressure) and oscillation frequency were randomly applied to 10 healthy volunteers. Chest wall pressure was determined using an air-filled bag under the vest and pleura

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Tan, Yong, and Ye Lu. "Compaction-Induced Earth Pressures against a Sheet Pile Wall in Peat." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2045, no. 1 (2008): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2045-04.

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With vibrating-wire total pressure cells instrumented on sheet pile walls in peat bogs, lateral earth pressures developing in peat against the supporting faces of sheet pile walls were measured during deep dynamic compaction (DDC). The measured total lateral earth pressures induced by impaction at different tamping points were examined. Analyses of field data indicated that during DDC, pressure increments increased linearly with blow counts. Under the same compaction energy, pressure increments were determined by both the horizontal tamping distance, X (distance from a tamping point to sheet p

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Ahmed, Abu, Christopher M. Waters, Charles W. Leffler, and Jonathan H. Jaggar. "Ionic mechanisms mediating the myogenic response in newborn porcine cerebral arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 287, no. 5 (2004): H2061—H2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00660.2004.

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Mechanisms that underlie autoregulation in the newborn vasculature are unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that in newborn porcine cerebral arteries intravascular pressure elevates wall tension, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and a constriction that is opposed by pressure-induced K+ channel activation. Incremental step (20 mmHg) elevations in intravascular pressure between 10 and 90 mmHg induced an immediate transient elevation in arterial wall [Ca2+]i and a short-lived constriction that was followed by a smaller steady-state [Ca2+]i elevation and su

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Choudhury, Deepankar, Shailesh Singh, and Shubhra Goel. "New approach for analysis of cantilever sheet pile with line load." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 43, no. 5 (2006): 540–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-018.

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Free-standing cantilever sheet pile walls in cohesionless soils subjected to horizontal line load have traditionally been analyzed assuming full active and passive earth pressure mobilization on the sides of the embedded portion of the wall. In the conventional analysis, the vertical equilibrium of forces is not checked and the effect of the wall friction angle is neglected because of the assumption of a smooth wall. In the present study, the limit equilibrium method has been used to estimate the minimum penetration depth required for a free-standing cantilever sheet pile wall subjected to hor

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Gaver, D. P., R. W. Samsel, and J. Solway. "Effects of surface tension and viscosity on airway reopening." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 1 (1990): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.1.74.

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We studied airway opening in a benchtop model intended to mimic bronchial walls held in apposition by airway lining fluid. We measured the relationship between the airway opening velocity (U) and the applied airway opening pressure in thin-walled polyethylene tubes of different radii (R) using lining fluids of different surface tensions (gamma) and viscosities (mu). Axial wall tension (T) was applied to modify the apparent wall compliance characteristics, and the lining film thickness (H) was varied. Increasing mu or gamma or decreasing R or T led to an increase in the airway opening pressures

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Pacanowski, John P., Scott L. Stevens, Michael B. Freeman, et al. "Endotension Distribution and the Role of Thrombus following Endovascular AAA Exclusion." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 9, no. 5 (2002): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280200900516.

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Purpose: To determine the pattern of strain and pressure transmitted to an aortic aneurysm wall before and after endovascular exclusion and to evaluate the role of sac thrombus on the conduction of pressure and wall strain. Methods: Three canine thoracic aortas were used to create abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The segments were placed on a pulsatile pump system, and 8 strain transducers were positioned in the aneurysm sac. Baseline strain/pressure (S/P) was recorded in 1 animal, then the AAA was excluded with a stent-graft. Thrombin was injected into the sac, and strain/pressure was record

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Mutoh, T., W. J. Lamm, L. J. Embree, J. Hildebrandt, and R. K. Albert. "Abdominal distension alters regional pleural pressures and chest wall mechanics in pigs in vivo." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 6 (1991): 2611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.6.2611.

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Abdominal distension (AD) occurs in pregnancy and is also commonly seen in patients with ascites from various causes. Because the abdomen forms part of the "chest wall," the purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of AD on ventilatory mechanics. Airway pressure, four (vertical) regional pleural pressures, and abdominal pressure were measured in five anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated upright pigs. The effects of AD on the lung and chest wall were studied by inflating a liquid-filled balloon placed in the abdominal cavity. Respiratory system, chest wall, and lung pressure-volume (

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Amin, J. A., and A. K. Ahuja. "Effects of Side Ratio on Wind-Induced Pressure Distribution on Rectangular Buildings." Journal of Structures 2013 (August 12, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/176739.

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This paper presents the results of wind tunnel studies on 1 : 300 scaled-down models of rectangular buildings having the same plan area and height but different side ratios ranging from 0.25 to 4. Fluctuating values of wind pressures are measured at pressure points on all surfaces of models and mean, maximum, minimum, and r.m.s. values of pressure coefficients are evaluated. Effectiveness of the side ratios of models in changing the surface pressure distribution is assessed at wind incidence angle of 0° to 90° at an interval of 15°. Side ratio of models has considerable effects on the magnitud

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Monos, E. "How Does the Vein Wall Respond to Pressure?" Physiology 8, no. 3 (1993): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1993.8.3.124.

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Regulation of systemic venous capacity includes 1) myogenic control, 2) adaptive increases in gain of intrinsic control and the passive capacity to long-term physiological elevations in pressure, 3) chronic increases in wall thickness and reductions in mechanical stresses when exposed to high pressures, and 4) endothelium-derived relaxing factors.

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