Journal articles on the topic 'Whole Number Concepts and Operations'
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1
Sidney, Pooja Gupta, and Martha Wagner Alibali. "Creating a context for learning: Activating children’s whole number knowledge prepares them to understand fraction division." Journal of Numerical Cognition 3, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v3i1.71.
Abstract:
When children learn about fractions, their prior knowledge of whole numbers often interferes, resulting in a whole number bias. However, many fraction concepts are generalizations of analogous whole number concepts; for example, fraction division and whole number division share a similar conceptual structure. Drawing on past studies of analogical transfer, we hypothesize that children’s whole number division knowledge will support their understanding of fraction division when their relevant prior knowledge is activated immediately before engaging with fraction division. Children in 5th and 6th grade modeled fraction division with physical objects after modeling a series of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems with whole number operands and fraction operands. In one condition, problems were blocked by operation, such that children modeled fraction problems immediately after analogous whole number problems (e.g., fraction division problems followed whole number division problems). In another condition, problems were blocked by number type, such that children modeled all four arithmetic operations with whole numbers in the first block, and then operations with fractions in the second block. Children who solved whole number division problems immediately before fraction division problems were significantly better at modeling the conceptual structure of fraction division than those who solved all of the fraction problems together. Thus, implicit analogies across shared concepts can affect children’s mathematical thinking. Moreover, specific analogies between whole number and fraction concepts can yield a positive, rather than a negative, whole number bias.
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Trafton, Paul R., and Judith S. Zawojewski. "Implementing The Standards: Meanings of Operations." Arithmetic Teacher 38, no. 3 (November 1990): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.38.3.0018.
Abstract:
“Carlos finally understands subtraction! He got nine of the ten exercises correct, and every one of them involved renaming.” Statements like this confuse students' computational proficiency with their understanding of an operation. Ironically, this student's understanding of the operation of subtraction may be very shallow. We often give too little attention to building and assessing concepts of operations, yet this is one of three important components of teaching and learning about number that are included in the NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989). The first of the three components is the standard on number sense and numeration. Concepts of operations (see table 1) is the second and builds on number sense. The third of the three number standards, whole-number computation, must build on the other two areas. A deep understanding of the concepts associated with an operation results from careful attention to many important real-world and mathematical ideas and relationships.
3
Perlwitz, Marcela D. "Dividing Fractions: Reconciling Self-Generated Solutions with Algorithmic Answers." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 10, no. 6 (February 2005): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.10.6.0278.
Abstract:
In this Article, I Discuss Some Key Episodes that occurred in one of my mathematics classes on basic arithmetic notions. The core concepts of the course included place-value numeration, whole numbers and operations, fractions and operations, and foundations of number theory.
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Friedman, B. A. "First to Fight: Advanced Force Operations and the Future of the Marine Corps." Journal of Advanced Military Studies 11, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.20201102007.
Abstract:
General David H. Berger’s tenure as Commandant of the Marine Corps has set the stage for drastic change toward a Marine Corps more focused on maritime operations. The Commandant has called on these changes to be concept driven and capabilities tested, driving experimentation, wargaming, analysis, research and development, and acquisitions. The Marine Corps is pursuing or developing a number of concepts but lacks an overarching concept that provides context and coherence for conceptual exploration. The author proposes advanced force operations, a concept designed to be broad enough to link together modern concepts like expeditionary advanced base operations and distributed operations, while building on the Marine Corps’ traditions and strengths. Advanced force operations envision Marine Corps forces acting as a vanguard force, competing for maritime access, shaping naval campaigns, and enabling the introduction of Joint forces.
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Alhazaymeh, Khaleed, and Nasruddin Hassan. "Interval-Valued Vague Soft Sets and Its Application." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/208489.
Abstract:
Molodtsov has introduced the concept of soft sets and the application of soft sets in decision making and medical diagnosis problems. The basic properties of vague soft sets are presented. In this paper, we introduce the concept of interval-valued vague soft sets which are an extension of the soft set and its operations such as equality, subset, intersection, union, AND operation, OR operation, complement, and null while further studying some properties. We give examples for these concepts, and we give a number of applications on interval-valued vague soft sets.
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Kouba, Vicky L. "Review: Arithmetic as Mathematics." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 24, no. 2 (March 1993): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.24.2.0172.
Abstract:
Too often in the past “arithmetic” has been viewed as simple computing or simple acquisition of procedures. In contrast, the chapters in Analysis of Arithmetic for Mathematics Teaching portray arithmetic as a thoughtful building of a flexible knowledge of our complex number system, rich in concepts, connections, and patterns that are crucial for understanding most of the rest of mathematics. This book provides research foundations and conceptual analyses of the standard topics of arithmetic: understanding of and operations on whole numbers, fractions, and decimals. The authors provide updates on the results, theories, and thoughts about children's learning of arithmetic concepts and processes, a field that has coalesced over the past twenty years.
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Muchyidin, Arif, Lefi Nurlatif, and Indah Nursuprianah. "Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Pemahaman Konsep Bangun Ruang." JRPM (Jurnal Review Pembelajaran Matematika) 5, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jrpm.2020.5.2.72-86.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to describe 8th-grade students’ misconceptions in solving surface area and volume of beam and cube problems and their causal factors. This is qualitative descriptive research. Based on the research, students’ misconceptions in solving surface area and volume of beam and cube problems are misconceptions on the concept of a beam, misconceptions on the concept of the cube, misconceptions on the concept of prerequisite material, misconceptions on unit comprehension, misconceptions on the understanding of meaning, and misconceptions on sign and number operations. While the causal factors of misconception are students’ assumptions about the lack of importance of concepts so students only memorize formulas, students are not able to associate one concept with other concepts, lack of understanding concepts in prerequisite material, misunderstanding the meaning of words in a problem, students have difficulty understanding pictures., misunderstanding the difference in the size of area and length.
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Fritz-Stratmann, Annemarie, Antje Ehlert, and Gabriele Klüsener. "Learning support pedagogy for children who struggle to develop the concepts underlying the operations of addition and subtraction of numbers: the ‘Calculia’ programme." South African Journal of Childhood Education 4, no. 3 (December 30, 2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v4i3.232.
Abstract:
This paper argues for teaching pre-service teachers about remediation strategies for learners who encounter problems in mathematics in the early grades. The premise is that all teachers should be equipped with theory-based practical knowledge to support learning. A few teaching sessions to develop the concepts that underlie the mathematical operations of addition and subtraction are introduced in this paper. An empirically validated, comprehensive model of cumulative arithmetic competence development from the ages of four to eight years forms the basis for the construction of the suggested teaching unit. The model distinguishes five competence levels of arithmetical conceptual development, and proposes that concepts build on one another hierarchically. A ‘part plus part is equivalent to whole’ model was constructed based on this hierarchical structure and the understanding that the concept of addition is a dynamic process. The teaching examples include exercises for all children, not only ones who struggle. Possibilities for adapting the exercises to the individual development level of slower or faster learners are also included. All exercises are accompanied by a reflection on the procedure and strategies applied in order to support meaningful and sustainable learning and to give student teachers the opportunity to use knowledge of mathematical cognition theory during their pre-service years.
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Sanz, Maria T., Emilia López-Iñesta, Daniel Garcia-Costa, and Francisco Grimaldo. "Measuring Arithmetic Word Problem Complexity through Reading Comprehension and Learning Analytics." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091556.
Abstract:
Numerous studies have addressed the relationship between performance in mathematics problem-solving and reading comprehension in students of all educational levels. This work presents a new proposal to measure the complexity of arithmetic word problems through the student reading comprehension of the problem statement and the use of learning analytics. The procedure to quantify this reading comprehension comprises two phases: (a) the division of the statement into propositions and (b) the computation of the time dedicated to read each proposition through a technological environment that records the interactions of the students while solving the problem. We validated our approach by selecting a collection of problems containing mathematical concepts related to fractions and their different meanings, such as fractional numbers over a natural number, basic mathematical operations with a natural whole or fractional whole and the fraction as an operator. The main results indicate that a student’s reading time is an excellent proxy to determine the complexity of both propositions and the complete statement. Finally, we used this time to build a logistic regression model that predicts the success of students in solving arithmetic word problems.
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Permin, Eike, Jelena Kurilova-Palisaitiene, Tom Mannheim, Kai Buhse, Robert Schmitt, Burkhard Corves, and Mats Björkman. "Energy Efficiency Potentials of Different Robot Design Concepts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 840 (June 2016): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.840.8.
Abstract:
Rising prices and political conditions are increasing the pressure on manufacturers to increase their energy efficiency. While measures for energy intensive processes such as heating or material transformation have been researched in large number in the last year, less effort has been put into the area of robot-based operations. In contrast to that, large potentials can be expected by optimizing the load-to-weight ratio in pick-and-place or assembly tasks. This paper thus researches the energy efficiency potentials of three robot concepts. The standard serial unit is compared to a parallel robot and a hybrid approach between the two, the PARAGRIP. In addition to a review of the current state of the art, a simulation is presented demonstrating saving potentials of more than 40 per cent in an industrial application scenario.
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Gregg, Jeff, and Underwood Diana Gregg. "Interpreting the Standard Division Algorithm in a Candy Factory Context." Teaching Children Mathematics 14, no. 1 (August 2007): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.14.1.0025.
Abstract:
In our mathematics courses for preservice elementary school teachers, we spend a good deal of time helping students make sense of the standard algorithms for whole-number operations. Our goal in focusing on “why the algorithms work” is not to suggest that teachers show children the algorithms and then tell them why they work. Rather, our goal is to promote a deeper understanding of the mathematical concepts underlying the algorithms. We believe that by making the routine problematic and challenging our students to think about the mathematical significance of the steps in the algorithms, they will be better prepared to respond to the multitude of ideas children bring to arithmetical computation.
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Blando, John A., Anthony E. Kelly, Beth R. Schneider, and D. Sleeman. "Analyzing and Modeling Arithmetic Errors." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 20, no. 3 (May 1989): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.20.3.0301.
Abstract:
Thirty-nine seventh-grade students completed an arithmetic test designed to uncover errors involving misunderstandings of (a) operations with whole numbers, (b) grouping symbols, and (c) rules of precedence (order of operations). Both the students' final answers and the intermediate steps for each test item were analyzed, and models to represent students' behaviors were developed. Certain types of errors were common across students. Errors were found to be closely tied to the format of the test item. Variations in the formats of test items that left the underlying computations unchanged exposed some students' superficial understandings of mathematical concepts.
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Watrous, J. "Distinguishing quantum operations having few Kraus operators." Quantum Information and Computation 8, no. 8&9 (September 2008): 819–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic8.8-9-10.
Abstract:
Entanglement is sometimes helpful in distinguishing between quantum operations, as differences between quantum operations can become magnified when their inputs are entangled with auxiliary systems. Bounds on the dimension of the auxiliary system needed to optimally distinguish quantum operations are known in several situations. For instance, the dimension of the auxiliary space never needs to exceed the dimension of the input space of the operations for optimal distinguishability, while no auxiliary system whatsoever is needed to optimally distinguish unitary operations. Another bound, which follows from work of R. Timoney , is that optimal distinguishability is always possible when the dimension of the auxiliary system is twice the number of operators needed to express the difference between the quantum operations in Kraus form. This paper provides an alternate proof of this fact that is based on concepts and tools that are familiar to quantum information theorists.
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Pavlenko, V. N. "The Concepts of “Tool”, “Psychological Tool”, “Sign” and Their Relationship." Cultural-Historical Psychology 16, no. 1 (2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2020160112.
Abstract:
The article focuses on a number of key concepts for cultural-historical psychology — ‘tool’, ‘psychological tool’, ‘sign’ — and their relationship, both in the past and modern researches. It analyses different approaches to the interpretation of the concept of ‘tool’ and proposes an alternative version of its understanding. Notably, L.S. Vygotsky moved away from the concept of ‘psychological too’ to the concept of ‘sign’, and this transition is discussed in terms of Vygotsky’s understanding of the latter. The paper presents a comparative analysis of tools and signs in their plain, historically original forms. It is suggested that the main difference between tools and signs is that the function of tools is to replace the individual as a participant of collective activity in its various specific operations, while the function of signs is to replace the individual in just one aspect — in the regulation of social interaction in joint activities. Such understanding is consistent with the idea of the social nature of signs as well as with the idea of the possibility of forming self-regulation on this basis.
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Soualhi, Younes. "Surplus Distribution in Current Takāful Operations: A Critical Sharīʿah Perspective." Arab Law Quarterly 30, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341323.
Abstract:
This research addresses a number of issues related to surplus distribution in takāful. The first section is devoted to revisiting the main financial concepts related to the surplus such as underwriting surplus and profit. Modes of distribution such as pro-rata and offsetting will also be discussed in the light of equity principle advocated by the Sharīʿah. The second section deals with the major juristic views and doctrines delineated against and in favour of surplus distribution. Legal doctrines such as ownership or otherwise surplus after donation will be meticulously discussed and reviewed in light of the current practices of takāful operators. The last section deals with a general outline of Sharīʿah parameters in relation to equitable surplus distribution, followed by scrutiny of surplus distribution practices of a number of takāful operators both in Malaysia and the Gulf States. This article argues that, while it is strongly recommended to redistribute the surplus to the participants only, there are exceptional reasons supported by Sharīʿah evidence allowing takāful operators to share in the surplus.
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Vakili-Ardebili, Ali. "Complexity of Value Creation in Sustainable Building Design (SBD)." Journal of Green Building 2, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.2.4.171.
Abstract:
Value creation is a significant part of the sustainable building process. To understand the process of value creation, this paper identifies a number of important issues. First, the paper addresses the existence of and identifies reasons for complexity in the process of value creation over a whole lifecycle (WLC). Then, a conceptual framework model is developed and adapted to the WLC in order to monitor building process stages and intervals. Next, the concepts and strategies leading to WLC value maximization are addressed. Finally, a conceptual WLC value creation model is proposed that is based on sustainable building process stages and building asset stakeholders' benefits. The paper indicates how value created is an accumulation of values acquired through various operations over the building WLC.
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Druzhinin, A., O. Davidenko, S. Bratishko, and H. Zhyliakova. "CONCEPT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN CONSTRUCTION AND DIRECTIONS OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE." Series: Economic science 2, no. 162 (March 26, 2021): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-2-162-2-11.
Abstract:
The analysis of the main provisions of two concepts: "The concept of application of construction information modeling in the management of the life cycle cost of public facilities" (Project) was developed at the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine (NASU) by a group of experts led by Professor V.S. Kuybida and “Concept of Implementation of BIM - Construction Information Modeling in Ukraine” (Project) of the EU International Technical Assistance “Assistance to the Organization of the Government of Ukraine in Improving the Management of the Infrastructure Project Cycle”. The developers of the first Concept identified the principles, but the implementation of these principles in Ukraine requires the improvement of the current system of relations in the investment-construction-operational process, changes the traditional mechanisms of the industry and construction management through innovation. The second Concept presents the results of a comprehensive study in general of the problems of implementation of information technology, without a deep study of the state of the construction industry of Ukraine. The analysis of the main provisions of the two concepts allowed to identify the principles that should be the basis for combining three life cycle models: design, construction, operation - from the first stage of design to the reconstruction or liquidation of the object, in order to use them to innovate and improve competitiveness of objects at all stages of a life cycle and influence on work of the construction enterprises in market conditions. The educational component of the Concept as a whole does not cause objections, but requires specification of a number of decisions at the level of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine, universities, specialties and departments. In general, the combination of the two concepts provides a lot of historical and methodological material for the educational process and can be the basis for the educational process of information technology. Simultaneously, the analysis of the two concepts requires attention to differences, conclusions and generalizations that contradict the real situation in the industry and require a single system of terms.
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Matthias, Olga, and Steve Brown. "Implementing operations strategy through Lean processes within health care." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 36, no. 11 (November 7, 2016): 1435–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-04-2015-0194.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how operations strategy and Lean concepts can be applied within a healthcare organisation and the degree to which both Lean and operations strategy are understood by senior-level National Health Service (NHS) personnel, based on the process of ongoing longitudinal cases studies. Further interviews and data analysis will examine actual performance of Lean capabilities within the NHS. Design/methodology/approach For this explanatory multiple-case study project the authors collected data through semi-structured interviews with executives in the NHS to understand how operations strategies are developed in the NHS and implemented in NHS hospitals. The unit of analysis is the hospital. Multiple (22) interviews took place over 12 months with senior-level personnel responsible for implementing change via operations strategy goals, and incorporating Lean initiatives. In addition, to triangulate data, the authors examined healthcare reports and strategy policy documents from each case hospital. This forms stage 1 of a longitudinal study which will examine the actual performance of Lean within the NHS hospitals across a range of operations parameters and explore links between such capabilities and the role and importance of operations strategy in more detail. Findings The findings lead to the conclusion that operations strategies were not fully developed within the hospitals. In addition, the ongoing data capture shows that “Best practice” was not being disseminated across the NHS, for either patient experience or organisational effectiveness and the role of operations strategy was not fully clear other than as a rather vague “umbrella” term. Despite Lean’s attraction for healthcare at a micro-level, significant operational and cultural hurdles must be overcome for the full strategic benefits of Lean to be realised. A much more holistic approach in providing a full service for the whole of the patient journey is needed. Research limitations/implications The sample provides an initial snapshot. A larger number of hospitals and/or further longitudinal research will be needed to deepen understanding of embedding strategic change to improve overall performance. Practical implications Tackling cultural performance and operational issues at a macro-level could help healthcare providers reconcile the perceived conflicting goals of improving patient care (i.e. service delivery) whilst simultaneously reducing costs. The role of explicit operations strategies could be pivotal in designing and implementing such change. Originality/value This research builds on and extends the work of Toussaint and Berry (2013), Seddon and O’Donovan (2010) and Carlborg and Kowalkowski (2013). The authors highlight how some of the apparent contradictions in the requirements of the various stakeholders create operational and strategic tensions. The authors highlight the multi-faceted nature of design and delivery of a multi-touchpoint service within the complexity of a large healthcare provider.
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Schmitz, Georg J. "Quantitative mereology: An essay to align physics laws with a philosophical concept." Physics Essays 33, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-33.4.479.
Abstract:
Mereology stands for the philosophical concept of parthood and is based on a sound set of fundamental axioms and relations. One of these axioms relates to the “existence of a universe as a thing having part all other things.” The present article formulates this logical expression first as an algebraic inequality and eventually as an algebraic equation reading in words: “The universe equals the sum of all things.” “All things” here are quantified by a “number of things.” Eventually, this algebraic equation is normalized leading to an expression: “The whole equals the sum of all fractions.” This introduces “1” or “100%” as a quantitative—numerical—value describing the “whole.” The resulting “basic equation” can then be subjected to a number of algebraic operations. Especially squaring this equation leads to correlation terms between the things implying that the whole is more than just the sum of its parts. Multiplying the basic equation (or its square) by a scalar allows for the comparison to and aligning with physics equations like the entropy equation, the ideal gas equation, an equation for the Lorentz-factor, conservation laws for mass and energy, the energy-mass equivalence, the Boltzmann statistics, and the energy levels in a Hydrogen atom. It further leads to a “contrast equation,” which may form the basis for the definition of a length and a time scale. Multiplying the basic equation with vectors, pseudovectors, pseudoscalars, and eventually hypercomplex numbers opens up the realm of possibilities to generate many further equations.
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Booth, David. "Hereditarily finite Finsler sets." Journal of Symbolic Logic 55, no. 2 (June 1990): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274659.
Abstract:
Hereditarily finite sets are sets which are finite, whose members are finite, the members of whose members are finite, and so on. In ZF there are but countably many such sets; they constitute Vω. Were ZF to lose its axiom of regularity, however, one could not guarantee that the number of hereditarily finite sets would remain countable.In Mostowski set theory, in which atomic sets are permissible, each atom, in isolation, would form a hereditarily finite collection. The number of hereditarily finite sets could be anything one should choose.Even in a world that did not permit the free adjunction of arbitrary, meaningless atoms, the number of hereditarily finite sets could remain large. In Finsler set theory, it is shown as Theorem 22, below, that there are uncountably many hereditarily finite sets.The reader who is interested in this paradoxical sounding fact can turn directly to §4 after grasping these introductory concepts. §3 is an exhaustive list of the smallest Finsler sets; it is hoped that this list will prove useful in checking future attempts to classify the finite Finsler sets.Finsler set theory is not a firmly axiomatized theory. It is, at its present stage, a family of theories undergoing evolution. It permits the usual mathematical operations with sets. One can employ ordinal numbers, cardinal numbers, and the usual methods of Cantorian set theory freely. But there is a somewhat different interpretation attached to the concept “set” than one is used to in Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, ZF.
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Johnson, Gregory, Christopher Grayson, and Adam Stromlund. "Innovative Oil Spill Recovery Technology Developments." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 1382–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.1382.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT (2017-404) Long-term challenges for the oil spill response industry include spills occurring in the open ocean or ice-infested waters, as well as spills of heavy oil. Historically, only a small percentage of the oil from major spills is ever recovered. For example, during the Deepwater Horizon incident, skimming operations only accounted for approximately 3% of the spilled oil. This low number was due to the delayed response of assets as well as the use of inefficient skimming systems and methods. Both government and private organizations seek effective response solutions that are capable of rapid deployment to existing platforms and infrastructure. Alion Science and Technology, under contract to the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement has developed two proof-of-concept technologies; both of which were successfully tested in 2016. Both of these research projects have been pushing the edge of the envelope for oil spill recovery operations with the use of existing technologies. The first of these concepts is the “ICEHORSE”, an oil-in-ice skimmer designed to recover surface oil pooled in broken ice fields. The system is designed to submerge and transit below the ice field where it may then be surfaced in a pocket of oil to begin skimming. This allows for remote skimming operations while the boat remains in safer waters and gives the skimmer the ability to position itself in the thickest areas of oil. The initial proof-of-concept system has seen further development with the goal being a commercially available product. The “Autonomous Oil Skimmer” is designed to be used with any vessel-based skimming system to improve the efficiency of recovery operations. Our proprietary control algorithm collects oil thickness data from a sensor and then directs and tracks the oil recovery operation autonomously. Collection data may be remotely accessed, allowing for centralized project oversight of multiple resources. Part of this effort included the evaluation of different oil sensors and the development of algorithms to incorporate the sensor data into the control system. This paper discusses some of the design challenges of each system as well as the results of testing, and plans for further development.
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Lo, Wing Yee. "Unpacking Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Elementary Number Theory: The Case of Arithmetic Word Problems." Mathematics 8, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101750.
Abstract:
“Number” is an important learning dimension in primary mathematics education. It covers a large proportion of mathematical topics in the primary mathematics curriculum, and teachers use most of their class time to teach fundamental number concepts and basic arithmetic operations. This paper focuses on the nature of mathematics pedagogical content knowledge (MPCK) concerning arithmetic word problems. The aim of this qualitative research was to investigate how well the future primary school teachers in Hong Kong had been prepared to teach mathematical application problems for third and sixth graders. Nineteen pre-service teachers who majored in both mathematics and primary education were interviewed using two sets of scenario-based questions. The results revealed that innovative approaches were suggested for teaching third graders while the strategies suggested for teaching sixth graders were mostly based on a profound understanding of mathematical content knowledge. Many participants demonstrated sound knowledge about the sixth grader’s mathematical misconception, but most of them were unable to precisely indicate the third grader’s error in presenting a complete solution for a typical mathematics word problem. A deep understanding of elementary number theory seems to be a precondition for developing pre-service teachers’ MPCK in teaching arithmetic word problems.
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Scholz, Michael, Sven Kreitlein, and Jörg Franke. "E|Flow - Decentralized Computer Architecture and Simulation Models for Sustainable and Resource Efficient Intralogistics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 856 (November 2016): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.856.117.
Abstract:
Nowadays material flow in factories is realized by different concepts of transport. Each of those specific conveyers has pros and cons due to its concept. In general, the state of art of transport systems have a low flexibility of the path planning and are not suitable for dynamic transport requirements, wherefore they are designed for a specific application. Generally, the common systems cover a specific task of transportation and can fulfill a predefined maximum amount of transportation orders. Due to the effects of mass-customization there is an increase of the variance of the products combined with a reduction of the number of units per variation and a volatile costumer demand. Therefore, it is necessary that the next generations of production lines, especially the intralogistics transportation systems, have to be designed more adaptable and flexible. The object of the research in this paper is a cyber-physical material flow system with flexible, autonomous and collaborative vehicles combined with centralized sensors to digitalize the workspace. Furthermore, the number of vehicles in the system can be adjusted to the volume of the transport requirement, wherefore the system is suitable for different tasks in the intralogistics. Due to the approach of a decentralized digitalization of the workspace on the one hand side and the decentralized architecture of the path planning and order allocation system on the other hand side the concept lead to a nearly endless scalability of the system. The scalability is only restricted by the maximum number of entities which can use the communication system. Therefore, it is possible that the system adjust itself to the actual intralogistics demand as well as the dimension of the field of operation. This lead to a self-adjustable intralogistics transportation system which avoid a physical redesign of the whole system if the intralogistics demand is changing. To validate the approach, the decentralized intelligence of the transport entities and the production units is implemented in a discrete event simulation. In this simulation environment different task allocation methods, sizes of the transportation fleet, lot size management concepts and site layout concepts can be compared and rated which each other.
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ALMEIDA, JOÃO PAULO A., REMCO DIJKMAN, LUÍS FERREIRA PIRES, DICK QUARTEL, and MARTEN VAN SINDEREN. "MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN, REFINEMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ABSTRACT INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 15, no. 04 (December 2006): 599–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843006001505.
Abstract:
In a model-driven design process the interaction between application parts can be described at various levels of platform-independence. At the lowest level of platform-independence, interaction is realized by interaction mechanisms provided by specific middleware platforms. At higher levels of platform-independence, interaction must be described in such a way that it can be further refined and realized onto a number of different middleware platforms, each with its particular interaction mechanisms and implementation constraints. In this paper, we investigate concepts that support interaction design at various levels of middleware-platform-independence. In addition, we propose design operations for interaction refinement. The application of these operations to source designs results in target designs that take into account implementation constraints imposed by platforms, while preserving characteristics prescribed in source designs. Target designs are related to source designs by conformance. We discuss how transformation and conformance can be related, such that transformations indeed preserve the characteristics prescribed by a source design.
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Hideg, Eva, Erzsébet Nováky, and Péter Alács. "Interactive foresight on the Hungarian SMEs." Foresight 16, no. 4 (August 5, 2014): 344–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-12-2012-0091.
Abstract:
Purpose – The aim of this study is to present a concept of interactive foresight process, its theoretical and methodological considerations and a foresight exercise concerning the development of knowledge economy in the Central Hungarian Region. Design/methodology/approach – A methodology of interactive foresight process for creating regional future concepts is developed, which is based on a specific meaning of integral futures and uses online solutions, too. Findings – Personal meetings with small and medium enterprise (SME) stakeholders and the works of interactive communications with feedbacks within and among stakeholder groups was organized around the research homepage. The networking created the interconnection and the feedbacks between the stakeholders and the futurist group in the process of shaping regional future ideas. The online networking is running. Research limitations/implications – The low number of stakeholders can limit the validity and acceptance of futures ideas created by this process. Practical implications – The developed interactive foresight process can also be applicable at different organizational levels and in different fields for shaping shared future ideas. Social implications – Application of interactive foresight process can contribute to the development of anticipatory democracy. Originality/value – A theoretically based interactive foresight process has been developed in which stakeholders can participate not only interactively in the foresight process but they can implement the achievements in their enterprising activity as well. The participants were interested in foresight and cooperative during the whole process because they learned the use of foresight tools through collective solution of practical tasks which were important for them.
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Trifunović, Darko. "Elements of Critical Infrastructure Resilience." National security and the future 20, no. 1-2 (January 9, 2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/nstf.20.1-2.6.
Abstract:
This Article points to key elements of Critical Infrastructure Resilience (CIR) and how they differ from Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP). CIP is still very important and one of the key systems that the society relies upon to ensure the continuity of operation of CI. However, CIP cannot predict an adequate number of major threats that would allow to conduct the preparedness and response at the level which would ensure the sufficient operation of CI in all cases. In that sense CIR sets a new paradigm with a quality that reduces vulnerability, minimizes the consequences of threats, accelerates response and recovery, and facilitates adaptation to a disruptive event. Some selected concepts of CIR with examples are presented in the Article that should assist in further development and enhancement of resilience of subsystems and infrastructures as a whole, resulting in more secure CI.
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Tan, Bing Qing, Fangfang Wang, Jia Liu, Kai Kang, and Federica Costa. "A Blockchain-Based Framework for Green Logistics in Supply Chains." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 7, 2020): 4656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114656.
Abstract:
The logistics industry around the world has proliferated over recent years as a large number of business organizations have come to recognize the importance of logistics. Cost control used to be emphasized to remain competitive, but recently green logistics has gained attention with the awareness of the integration of economy and society as a whole. Nowadays, green logistics is a useful concept to improve the sustainability of logistics operations, and its related policies and theoretical research have been investigated and explored. However, the practical applications of green logistics are impeded by real-time data sharing, which is common in the logistics industry. Blockchain technology is adopted to address this challenge and enable data sharing among related stakeholders. This paper presents a reference framework for green logistics based on blockchain to reach the sustainable operations of logistics, with the integration of the Internet of Things and big data. Finally, potential benefits and limitations are analyzed when implementing this framework.
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Abdounur, Oscar João. "Structural Mathematical Changes in Theoretical Music in the Early Renaissance." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2019.4.1-017.
Abstract:
This paper investigates interrelationships between theories of ratio and theoretical music originating in Antiquity, with special attention to the early Renaissance in Europe. It considers evidence from different theories of ratio, stressing tendencies in mathematical treatment involving such concepts, which show similarities with music in structure and⁄or terminology and also examines their reflection in music in the period in question. It could be said that from later times and in particular in Euclid's Elements Book V, ratios were seen as musical intervals generalized, whose nature was very different from numbers or magnitudes. The change is from operations with ratios related to contiguous musical intervals to theories admitting compounding ratios in general sense with an essentially arithmetic character, manifested for instance in the idea that a ratio is equal to a number. It will be investigated here some attributes of these competing theories of ratios, as well as its close relationships with theoretical music up to the 16th century.
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Bukreev, M. Y. "Banking operations as an object of administrative and legal protection." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 81, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2018.2.02.
Abstract:
The subject matter of the research is the relations that are formed in the process of banking operations.
It has been substantiated that banks and the banking system are among the most important financial institutions, which proper and stable functioning influences on all other spheres of life in the state. It is proved by the consequences of crises in the banking sector that have occurred in Ukraine over the past few years. Awareness of the importance of this area and the possible consequences of unlawful encroachments have determined the need to search for all legal means for combating delicts in the sphere of banking operations. Understanding the fact that one can achieve significant results in the sphere of protecting banking operations by administrative and legal means, has necessitated this scientific study.
In order to analyze banking operations as an object of administrative and legal protection, the author has fulfilled the following tasks. The author has highlighted the use of the concepts of “protection” and “administrative and legal protection” in the context of their implementation in relation to banking operations. The foundations of Ukrainian and international administrative and legal regulation of protecting relations in the sphere of banking operations have been revealed. The essence and features of banking operations influencing the understanding of the sphere of protected relations have been outlined; and the content of administrative and legal protection of relations in the field of banking operations has been revealed. It has been noted that there is an extensive system of banking legislation on legal norms in Ukraine regulating banking operations that require legal protection.
The practical significance of the obtained results of the article is determined by the substantiated provisions for improving the approaches to increase the efficiency of the administrative and legal protection of the relations in the sphere of banking operations. A number of practical results of the research can be used while studying administrative and legal means of protecting relations in the field of banking operations.
30
Schäffer, Beat, Georg Thomann, Philipp Huber, Mark Brink, Stefan Plüss, and Robert Hofmann. "Zurich Aircraft Noise Index: An Index for the Assessment and Analysis of the Effects of Aircraft Noise on the Population." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918533.
Abstract:
This article reports on the Zurich Aircraft Noise Index (ZFI), a noise eff ect index describing the integral eff ects of aircraft noise (annoyance and sleep disturbance) on the population in the vicinity of Zurich airport, integrating the considered noise eff ects to a single number valid for the whole airport. In the year 2007 the ZFI became operational as an eff ect-oriented monitoring tool serving noise abatement policy in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. During its development, various exposure–response relationships and parameter settings were studied as a basis to establish the official calculation rule. The official calculation rule was then applied to a time series of 12 years, and reasons for changes in the ZFI were studied by means of sensitivity analyses, taking into account the air traffic operations and population development around Zurich airport in great detail. The article presents the concept and implementation of the ZFI, its development, its application, and insights obtained so far. Based on the obtained results, the potential and limitations of the index to express the number of aff ected persons, its sensitivity to changes in population figures and air traffic as well as the possibilities to separate diff erent influencing parameters, and the scientific shortcomings of the index are discussed.
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Nurnberger-Haag, Julie. "Quick Reads: Another Good Idea: Integers Made Easy: Just Walk It Off." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 13, no. 2 (September 2007): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.13.2.0118.
Abstract:
Walk It Off is a multisensory method that I developed to teach students how to multiply and divide as well as add and subtract integers. In my experience, this method makes these processes much more effective, efficient, and entertaining than other approaches. Students have the opportunity to use the Process Standards while exploring a topic that is often taught strictly as algorithms without understanding. In addition to having visual, oral, and aural characteristics, Walk It Off is kinesthetic, because students literally walk off problems on number lines. The multiple learning modalities that this method uses are compatible with brain-based learning. Students become actively involved in doing calculations as they physically act out problems using the underlying concepts of integers. Although many books and lessons already use number lines to demonstrate addition and subtraction in various ways, the Walk It Off method makes it possible to use a number line for multiplication and division of integers as well. Using integers becomes easy, because students learn only two slightly different processes for the two basic groups of operations: one process for addition and subtraction and a similar process for multiplication and division.
32
Khan Baloch, Naveed, Ayaz Hussain, and Muhammad Iram Baig. "Protector: A Permanent Fault Resilient Router Architecture for Network on Chip." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 686–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2004.02.
Abstract:
The decreasing size of the transistor has increased the vulnerability towards faults. Increasing number of cores on a single chip has made the concept of Network on Chip (NoC) a standard communication backbone among cores. This facility comes with vulnerability of faults in the system due to decreasing size of transistors. A permanent fault in the network leads to undesirable consequence such as permanent blocking of flits or failure of the whole router. Preserving the router in the operational state has a significant impact on the reliability of the system. Permanent fault in buffers and pipeline stages of the router has a high impact on performance. The proposed router architecture Protector provides faults protection to both buffers and pipelines stages by exploiting the concepts of borrowing from other resources, using bypass paths and by creating multiple paths to reach output. The proposed router incurred an area overhead of 30% as compared to the baseline design. Reliability analysis using Silicon Protection Factor indicates that the proposed router has better fault tolerance efficiency as compared to state of the art. Latency analysis using PARSEC and SPLASH-2 benchmarks indicates proposed router incurs 13% and 16% latency overhead in the presence of faults.
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Azhimuh, AA Biban, Muhammad Turmuzi, and Wahidaturrahmi Wahidaturrahmi. "Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel." Griya Journal of Mathematics Education and Application 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/griya.v1i2.44.
Abstract:
This study was conducted to determine the degree of difficulty in learning mathematics in grade X students with the population in this study is 359 students grade X and the number of study samples is 72 students were taken with cluster sampling techniques. Data collection techniques in this study used a essay test and unstructured interview questions for 10 students. The instrument of this study are in the form of mathematical essay questions that are closed to the material system of linear equations in two variables for 4 problems. The data obtained were analyzed by fit student answers and key answers in learning difficultiy analysis guide. The results of this study indicate that students of class X in the academic year 2019/2020 had the most difficulty learning principle in the amount of 21.90% which is included in the low category level. While students who had difficulty learning concepts and operations are 13.90% and 12.34% respectively included in the very low category level.
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Korpysa, Jarosław, Marcin Halicki, and Agnieszka Lopatka. "Entrepreneurial management of project supply chain – a model approach." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 3 (September 10, 2020): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.18.
Abstract:
The paper’s principal purpose is to present the original concept of the project supply chain’s entrepreneurial management. Based on the literature on the subject, one defines the entrepreneurial management concept showing the influence of entrepreneurial management on company operation. Moreover, the paper also outlines the most important concepts of the project supply chain and presents the functioning scheme. Theoretical considerations concerning contemporary theories of entrepreneurial management and project supply chain are the prelude to presenting the concept of entrepreneurial management. The presented approach can be found helpful for the effective management of the project supply chain, which has not yet been thoroughly defined. It should be mentioned that the designed model of the entrepreneurial supply chain management is an original proposal for the paradigm of project supply chains. Both in a classical and project supply chain, a significant role is given to the flow of material resources between the individual chain components. It determines that the project supply chain is mainly driven by the need for its members’ value increase. It was explained that regarding entrepreneurial competences, knowledge can be transferred to other organizations in the whole supply chain. It was also mentioned that the project supply chain’s entrepreneurial management takes into account the flexibility manifesting itself through the establishment of agile project teams, and by focusing on human relationships. It is the basis for the presented concept of the entrepreneurial management model of the project supply chain. AcknowledgmentThe project is financed within the framework of the program of the Minister of Science and Higher Education under the name “Regional Excellence Initiative” in the years 2019–2022; project number 001/RID/2018/19; the amount of financing PLN 10,684,000.00.
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Sperry, Megan M., Qawi K. Telesford, Florian Klimm, and Danielle S. Bassett. "Rentian scaling for the measurement of optimal embedding of complex networks into physical space." Journal of Complex Networks 5, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnw010.
Abstract:
The London Underground is one of the largest, oldest and most widely used systems of public transit in the world. Transportation in London is constantly challenged to expand and adapt its system to meet the changing requirements of London’s populace while maintaining a cost-effective and efficient network. Previous studies have described this system using concepts from graph theory, reporting network diagnostics and core–periphery architecture. These studies provide information about the basic structure and efficiency of this network; however, the question of system optimization in the context of evolving demands is seldom investigated. In this paper we examined the cost effectiveness of the topological–physical embedding of the Tube using estimations of the topological dimension, wiring length and Rentian scaling, an isometric scaling relationship between the number of elements and connections in a system. We measured these properties in both two- and three-dimensional embeddings of the networks into Euclidean space, as well as between two time points, and across the densely interconnected core and sparsely interconnected periphery. While the two- and three-dimensional representations of the present-day Tube exhibit Rentian scaling relationships between nodes and edges of the system, the overall network is approximately cost-efficiently embedded into its physical environment in two dimensions, but not in three. We further investigated a notable disparity in the topology of the network’s local core versus its more extended periphery, suggesting an underlying relationship between meso-scale structure and physical embedding. The collective findings from this study, including changes in Rentian scaling over time, provide evidence for differential embedding efficiency in planned versus self-organized networks. These findings suggest that concepts of optimal physical embedding can be applied more broadly to other physical systems whose links are embedded in a well-defined space, and whose topology is constrained by a cost function that minimizes link lengths within that space.
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Openʹko, Pavlo, Mykola Myroniuk, Vladislav Kobzev, and Dmytro Fomenko. "Method for evaluate the effectiveness of providing the exploitation and renewal of armament and military equipment resources." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 10, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.1.15.
Abstract:
The results of the research published in the article will be useful for logistics specialists who are engaged in the organization of the provision of resources (material and technical means) for the processes of operation and renewal of armament and military equipment (AME). The article discusses existing approaches to logistic support of operations (combat actions) and methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of its operation. The influence of factors and problematic issues on the creation of a modern logistics system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is analyzed. The scientific substantiation of determination of indicators of efficiency of delivery of resources in the system of logistic support is offered with the purpose of improvement of functioning of the system of delivery of resources for further consideration during planning of activity. According to the results of the analysis, the urgency of making a quick and correct decision in managing the provision of necessary resources was determined. The dependence of resource efficiency on the type of resources, the intensity of applications for their use, and the capabilities of the system to create and replenish resources have been established. The basic concepts and typical structures of the resource delivery system for working out of the research materials are clarified.
Based on the analysis, it was found that the evaluation of the efficiency of the system of maintenance of the processes of operation and restoration of AME resources should be carried out by the results of the evaluation of the efficiency of providing the resources of each type individually and further determination of the system performance indicators as a whole, taking into account the corresponding total costs for providing the resources, which allowed to offer methodological an approach to assessing the effectiveness of operating processes and the renewal of AME resources themselves, which allows to take into account the implemented strategy of replenishment of resources and rationality of the selected transport network in the conditions of both peacetime and fighting.On the basis of the proposed methodological approach, the directions of further researches were determined concerning: determination of the list of initial data for determining the characteristics of the routes of resource delivery; determining the number of characteristics that are being optimized; forming a methodological approach for determining a rational transport network in the logistics system.
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Ceranowicz, Andy, and Mark Torpey. "Adapting to Urban Warfare." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 2, no. 1 (January 2005): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154851290500200102.
Abstract:
Urban operations currently are of great concern to the defense community. J9, the Experimentation Directorate of USJFCOM, and the Joint Advanced Warfighting Program currently are conducting an experiment to investigate concepts for applying future technologies to joint urban operations. The first phase of the experiment focused on employing future sensors to remotely monitor and understand enemy operations in a foreign city. Characteristics of the urban environment include high building density, a large civilian population, and a cultural environment. These characteristics pose significant challenges for simulation designers. This paper describes the modifications required to adapt the simulations supporting the experiment, JSAF and SLAMEM, to the urban environment. A landscape with a large number of buildings had to be automatically generated and represented in a space efficient manner. Large concentrations of vehicles and pedestrians had to be modeled moving realistically through the city. This behavior had to be automatically generated since it would be impossible to individually control 100,000 entities. Embedding cultural features within the database in the form of building function codes allow civilian entities to automatically plan their movements based on generic daily schedules. Sensor models had to be modified to detect building properties, such as whether a building was fortified. The density of both entities and structures made both movement and intervisibility calculations significantly more expensive, requiring optimization combined with the application of large amounts of hardware. Computation and control was distributed between three CONUS sites and the High Performance Computing Centers at Maui and Wright-Patterson AFB. Limiting and balancing simulation traffic required a major effort. Source squelching was enabled by a distributed data collection system developed to collect data locally on each simulation node while still allowing analysts to perform real-time queries during the experiment.
38
Rahmawati, Rina Dyah, and Budiharti. "Cooperative Learning Model Based On Rhythmical Movement Method To Embed The Operation Concept Of Whole Number." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1254 (November 2019): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1254/1/012004.
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Fitriani, Fitriani, and Wiwik Novitasari. "PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIK SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOPERATIF." MES: Journal of Mathematics Education and Science 3, no. 1 (November 14, 2017): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/mes.v3i1.215.
Abstract:
Communication skills focus on the importance of speaking, writing, describing and explaining mathematical concepts. In achieving that success is by using cooperative learning model. This model is an effective teaching strategy in improving student achievement and socialization while contributed to their changing of attitudes and perceptions of the importance of learning and cooperation, including for their understanding of their peers from different ethnic backgrounds. This research was conducted at SD IT Faza Azkia Kelurahan Hutaraja, South Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatera Province. This research uses quasi experimental research method. This study aims to describe how to improve students 'mathematical communication skills before and after using cooperative learning model, and also to know the effectiveness of using cooperative learning model in improving students' mathematical communication ability. Based on the results of the study concluded there is an increase in the mathematical communication skills of students before and after using cooperative learning model. And the cooperative learning model is effective for teaching count number operations. This is shown by: the effectiveness of student learning activities, the ability of teachers in managing learning is effective, students 'responses to learning is positive and mastery of students' mathematical communication skills reach 100%.
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Feinberg, Ayal. "Explaining Ethnoreligious Minority Targeting: Variation in U.S. Anti-Semitic Incidents." Perspectives on Politics 18, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 770–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153759271900447x.
Abstract:
Over the last two decades alone, the United States has suffered well over ten thousand religion-motivated hate crimes. While racism and religion-motivated prejudice have received considerable attention following the “Unite the Right” rally in Charlottesville that resulted in deadly violence, there is little systematic scholarship evaluating where and when incidents targeting ethnoreligious minorities by non-state actors are likely to occur. Utilizing the FBI’s reported anti-Semitic hate crime data from 2001–2014, my main theoretical and empirical exercise is to determine which factors best explain where and when American ethnoreligious groups are likely to be targeted. I propose that there are four essential mechanisms necessary to explain variation in minority targeting: “opportunity” (target group concentration), “distinguishability” (target group visibility), “stimuli” (events increasing target group salience) and “organization” (hate group quantity). My models show that variables falling within each of these theoretical concepts significantly explain variation in anti-Semitic incidents in the United States. Of particular importance for scholars and practitioners alike, Israeli military operations and the number of active hate groups within a state play a major role in explaining anti-Semitic incident variation.
41
Varun, Rajesh Kumar, Rakesh C. Gangwar, Omprakash Kaiwartya, and Geetika Aggarwal. "Energy-Efficient Routing Using Fuzzy Neural Network in Wireless Sensor Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (August 3, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5113591.
Abstract:
In wireless sensor networks, energy is a precious resource that should be utilized wisely to improve its life. Uneven distribution of load over sensor devices is also the reason for the depletion of energy that can cause interruptions in network operations as well. For the next generation’s ubiquitous sensor networks, a single artificial intelligence methodology is not able to resolve the issue of energy and load. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy-efficient routing using a fuzzy neural network (ERFN) to minimize the energy consumption while fairly equalizing energy consumption among sensors thus as to prolong the lifetime of the WSN. The algorithm utilizes fuzzy logic and neural network concepts for the intelligent selection of cluster head (CH) that will precisely consume equal energy of the sensors. In this work, fuzzy rules, sets, and membership functions are developed to make decisions regarding next-hop selection based on the total residual energy, link quality, and forward progress towards the sink. The developed algorithm ERFN proofs its efficiency as compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms concerning the number of alive nodes, percentage of dead nodes, average energy decay, and standard deviation of residual energy.
42
Redkin, A. V., Yu A. Yaloza, and I. E. Kovalev. "Reliability assessment of convertible aircraft with hybrid propulsion system and multirotor lifting system." Civil Aviation High Technologies 23, no. 5 (October 28, 2020): 76–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2020-23-5-76-96.
Abstract:
Projects and experimental models of innovative concepts of VTOL aircraft with a hybrid propulsion system are attracting great interest and investment inflow all over the world. In this regard, when developing new concepts, it is important to understand how much better they will be than the currently operated rotorcraft and convertible aircraft in terms of reliability and flight safety, to be able to use them for passenger transportation in the future. In addition, when designing and choosing the optimal layout, it is necessary to know the contribution of each element and unit to the reliability of the aircraft as a whole in order to meet the requirements. To calculate the reliability indicators, the method of structural diagrams was chosen, and the calculation methodology was developed. The general classification of modern innovative concepts of convertible aircraft is considered, schematic diagram of hybrid propulsion system and its main parameters are determined. The article discusses the influence of the number of lifting rotor groups and their location on the possibility to continue the flight in hover mode in case of failure of one rotor group, the necessary power reserve of lifting electric motors is determined to ensure the given safety condition. In accordance with the adopted structural diagram, the main functional groups of the hybrid propulsion system of convertible aircraft operating in different flight modes are determined. The basic modes of a typical flight profile of a convertible aircraft are considered, time intervals characteristic for each mode are set. For each flight mode, a structural scheme of reliability of functional groups of a hybrid propulsion system is constructed, having a serial or parallel connection of elements, depending on their influence on the consequences of failure, the equation for calculating the probability of fail-free operation is derived. For lifting rotor groups, a combination of critical failures of more than one group is considered, and the equation is composed to calculate the probability of a catastrophic event in hover mode. Based on the obtained equations, the resulting calculation of the probability of fail-free operation, the probability of failure per flight hour for each flight mode was carried out separately and in total for the entire flight. Thus, for all flight modes, the probabilities of a catastrophic and emergency event, as well as a difficult situation in flight, are considered. A comprehensive analysis of the obtained results of reliability indicators calculation for convertible aircraft with six lifting rotors and two turboprop engines made it possible to conclude that it meets the requirements of the 25th part of aviation regulations for transport aircraft. A good potential margin of up to 10-2 was determined for the probability of a catastrophic failure in take-off, landing and transitional modes. The elements and subsystems that are critical for fail-free operation are identified, and ways to improve their reliability and the aircraft as a whole are proposed.
43
Kharchenko, Svetlana. "Orthographic Norm and Grammatical Homonymy." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 4 (December 2019): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.4.19.
Abstract:
The article deals with the relevant linguistic issue of correlation between word spelling and the distinction of units belonging to different grammatical classes. The concepts of word and part of speech are contrasted. The author has revealed the peculiarities of lexical units functioning in written speech, which enables their part-of-speech status identification. The analysis of criteria, suggested by the linguists for differentiation of homonymous adverbs, preposition-and-case-form combinations, and derivative prepositions resulted in proposing a procedure of consecutive operations, accomplished to identify the part-of-speech status of grammatically homonymous words. The results of the linguistic experiment show how in speech practice native speakers solve the problems of part of speech determination and establishing the spelling of such words. It was revealed that the methods for distinguishing grammatical homonyms used by recipients, in many cases, do not lead to the correct solution. The existing codified guidelines are not applied while writing, as spelling of the major part of grammatically homonymous words does not meet the requirements of the norm. To solve the problem under consideration, it is necessary to adjust the content of spelling rules and change the spelling of a number of words, where traditional spelling principles are reflected.
44
Schönbeck, Pia, Malin Löfsjögård, and Anders Ansell. "Quantitative Review of Construction 4.0 Technology Presence in Construction Project Research." Buildings 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10100173.
Abstract:
The development of technologies associated with the fourth industrial revolution is rapid. Construction 4.0 represents the architecture, engineering, construction and operations industries exploration of new technologies, equivalent to Industry 4.0 for the manufacturing industry. These concepts address multiple perspectives besides the technological, such as management and processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent research regarding construction projects addresses information and communication, automatisation or industrialisation technologies. A scoping review was the method used to perform a quantitative analysis of over two thousand journal papers published from 2015 onwards. The results show that new technologies are addressed separately, while synergy studies are uncommon. Longitudinal analyses show that there was no significant increase in journal papers concerning new technologies from 2015 to 2019. Information and communication was the search criterion with the least number of papers found. The environmental perspective of new technologies was present but the least common from 2019 to 2020. Hence, this review shows that there is an extensive research gap regarding Construction 4.0 technologies in the context of construction projects. Studies regarding synergy and environmental effects of new technologies should increase to start the progress towards a successful entry into the fourth industrial revolution.
45
Kawaji, Shigeyasu, and Tetsuo Sawaragi. "Special Issue on Intelligent Control in Coming New Generation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 12, no. 6 (December 20, 2000): 603–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2000.p0603.
Abstract:
In the early 1970s, a concept of intelligent control was proposed by Fu, and since then the advancement of control technologies as a migrate of control theory, artificial intelligence and operations research has been actively attempted. The breakthrough of this concept was to integrate a human judgment and a concept of value as well as management theory into conventional control theoretic approaches, and synthesize these as artificial intelligence. A number of unconventional control techniques have evolved, offering solutions to many difficult control problems in industry and manufacturing. Saridis proposed a general architecture for intelligent control and proposed a design principle of such a hierarchical system as the principle of Increasing Precision with Decreasing Intelligence. During the first generation of intelligent control, a number of intelligent methodologies besides the purely symbolic and logical processing of human knowledge were introduced. They are broadly called soft computing techniques that include artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, and chaos theory. These techniques have contributed much to the advancement of intelligent control from the viewpoint of its ""intelligence"" part, but no solutions are provided from a control theoretic viewpoint, and the definition of intelligence in terms of control theory is still left questionable. To discuss this issue, we initiated a specialist's meeting on survey of intelligent control in 1997 organized under the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, and discussed the current status as well as future perspectives of intelligent control. Some of the papers contributed to this special issue are results obtained in this series of meetings. During that time, the framework of intelligent control has entered the second generation. In the first stage, this framework was discussed in terms of utilized methodologies such as control theory, artificial intelligence, and operations research seeking optimal combinations of these methodologies wherein a distinction is made between the controller, the plant, and the external environment and representations as well as state concepts utilized were a priorily determined and fixed without flexibility. In contrast, the second generation intelligent control system must emphasize a biologically inspired architecture that can accommodate the flexible and dynamic capabilities of living systems including human beings. That is, it must be able to grow and develop increasing capabilities of self-control, self-awareness of representation and reasoning about self and of constructing a coherent whole out of different representations. Actually, a new branch of research on artificial life and system theory of function emergence has shifted the perspectives of intelligence from conventional reductionism to a new design principle based on the concept of ""emergence"". Thus, their approach is quite new in that they attempt to build models that bring together self-organizing mechanisms with evolutionary computation. Such a trend has forced us to reconsider the biological system and/or natural intelligence. In this special issue, we focus on the aspects of semiosis within a multigranular architecture and of emergent properties and techniques for human-machine and/or multiagent collaborative control systems in the coming new generation. These topics are mutually interrelated; the role of multivariable and multiresolutional quantization and clustering for designing intelligent controllers is essential for realizing the abilities to learn unknown multidimensional functions and/or for letting a joint system, which consists of an external environment, a human, and a machine, self-organize distinctive roles in a bottom-up and emerging fashion. This special issue includes papers on proposals of conceptual architecture, methodologies and reports from practical field studies on the hierarchical architecture of machines for realizing hierarchical collaboration and coordination among machine and human autonomies. We believe that these papers will lead to answers to the above questions. We sincerely thank the contributors and reviewers who made this special issue possible. Thanks also go to the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, Prof. Makoto Kaneko (Hiroshima University), who provided the opportunity for editing this special issue.
46
Li, Xiaohong, and Ian Barnes. "Proactive supply risk management methods for building a robust supply selection process when sourcing from emerging markets." Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal 1, no. 3 (September 19, 2008): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17538290810915308.
Abstract:
PurposeThis paper aims to identify proactive supply risk management methods which can be used to reduce or remove risk sources during the supplier selection process, in the context of Western‐based manufacturing companies that source from emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachLearning from the literature and conducting multiple‐case study analyses of five Western‐based manufacturing companies' sourcing experiences from emerging markets.FindingsThe experiences of five Western‐based manufacturing companies suggested that applying the risk management process into supplier selection was particularly important and effective for supply risk reduction when sourcing from emerging markets. Supply risk sources must be identified and proactive supply risk management methods must be used to remove or reduce risk sources for effective supply risk management. The proactive risk management methods discovered in this research are: conducting a supplier questionnaire covering a wide range of business dimensions of the supplier; performing a technical review; negotiating a risk mitigation plan; employing local‐based procurement staff; using a total cost estimate; applying a strict part qualification process.Research limitations/implicationsA multiple‐case study methodology employs a limited number of case studies and therefore may restrict the generalisation of research findings. Manufacturing companies are used as case study organisations for this research. Therefore, the research findings are particularly applicable and useful to manufacturing companies but might not be valid for other types of company. The research focuses on supply risk reduction during the supplier selection process, while further research into other stages of the supply management process is desirable.Practical implicationsThe generated proactive supply risk management methods are useful to manufacturing companies looking to source or aiming to improve their sourcing experiences from emerging markets.Originality/valueThe literature provides valuable contents in terms of concepts but lacks proactive supply risk management methods for supply risk management when sourcing from emerging markets. The generated proactive supply risk management methods based on first‐hand information are valuable both to academics and practitioners in this field.
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Rodnyansky, Dmitry, Aliaksei Bykau, Sergey Manasyan, Yuri Basharimov, and Maxim Evsin. "Contradictions between corporate and state sectoral management in russian regions’ oil industry: digital solutions." SHS Web of Conferences 106 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110601005.
Abstract:
Currently, the key and budget-forming sector of the Russian economy is still the oil industry, which includes the production, processing, transportation and sale of oil and oil products. The share of the oil industry in the country’s GDP amounted to above 40%, and, taking into account the petrochemical and manufacturing industries, exceeds 50%. In this aspect, an important task is to study the institutional environment of the operation of enterprises and organizations of the oil industry, as well as the mechanisms and tools of state sectoral management, because not only the activities of individual companies, corporations and enterprises, but also the level of socio-economic development of the country as a whole. The main forms of state participation in the regulation of such industries remain direct ownership of shares, including a controlling stake or “golden share”, delegation of government representatives to corporate boards of directors, as well as the creation of various forms of organizations with state participation. At the same time, there are a number of contradictions between the state, economic entities of the oil industry and public and expert organizations, which are expressed in different interpretations of short-term and long-term goals, the presence of not always coordinated concepts and strategies for the development of individual industries and areas, inconsistency of a number of state programs, projects, etc. These contradictions lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the system of state regulation of strategic sectors of the economy, which is expressed in a significant lag in labor productivity.
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Ivanova, A. V. "VR & AR TECHNOLOGIES: OPPORTUNITIES AND APPLICATION OBSTACLES." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2018-3-88-107.
Abstract:
The first attempts to create devices that allow interacting with the imitated reality, as well as augmenting reality with superimposed information, were made at the beginning of the 20th century, the very concept of mixed reality (the “reality-virtuality continuum”), which elements are virtual (VR) and augmented (AR) reality, is quite young (24 years), as well as the market of these technologies. The concept of virtual and augmented reality hasn’t changed radically in the past 30 years, but VR and AR devices and software, and content have gone through a significant evolutionary path, and have already experienced several growth spikes.VR and AR technologies can be applied not only in entertainment and games. Many experts believe that virtual and augmented reality, along with Big Data, cloud technologies, artificial intelligence and some others, will become the key technologies of the 4th industrial revolution. VR and AR also have the potential to become the next big computing platform. Today VR and AR technologies help not only to create conceptually new markets, but also to disrupt existing ones.This article discusses the evolution of the VR and AR concepts and technologies and current market trends. The results of the survey show the key obstacles for the mass distribution of AR and VR technologies: high implementation and operational costs of AR/VR solutions; lack of high-quality content and imperfect devices, implicit effectiveness of their use.Based on the empirical study, a rather extensive list of benefits from using virtual and augmented reality technologies has been drawn up: faster and cheaper learning, training and guiding processes, increase in their efficiency, the reduction of the costs of elements and supplies needed, training support personnel; reducing potential risks to life and health of employees and other people while special training (medical operations and invasive procedures, evacuation, security, rescue in various emergencies) and the related optimization of the compensations; reducing the number of errors and accelerating the processes of assembling, repairing and operating special equipment, searching for information, necessary details, product location in the warehouse; significant reduction of accidents rate, as well as the exploration costs, due to the early identification of malfunctions; accelerating the pace of the designing and prototyping objects, significantly reducing the cost and duration of physical modeling process; improving customer experience, product and trading platforms design, that leads to corresponding increase in volume of sales; improving (simplifying) of communication and increasing its effectiveness.
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Zhang, Na, Wenfu Wu, Yujia Wang, and Shuyao Li. "Hazard Analysis of Traditional Post-Harvest Operation Methods and the Loss Reduction Effect Based on Five Time (5T) Management: The Case of Rice in Jilin Province, China." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090877.
Abstract:
Traditional post-harvest operation methods applied in rice fields lack advanced management knowledge and technology, which has led to post-harvest losses. We proposed the concept of Five Time (5T) management for the first time. 5T management divides the whole life cycle of rice into different growth time interval to complete process management. This paper mainly introduces the management of rice grain period, that is, the post-harvest management period, including the operation process management of harvesting, field stacking, drying, warehousing, and storing. In 2019, our research team formulated the 5T management method, which considers the entire post-harvest process, and carried out a pilot application of this method at the Jilin Rice Industry Alliance of Jilin Province. Moreover, to promote the 5T management method, our research team carried out follow-up experiments in rice production enterprises and found severe post-harvest rice losses. This paper combined a large number of literature and the basic theory research of rice post-harvest to analyze the traditional methods for post-harvest processing and the associated rice losses. By implementing the 5T management method, 4.33% of losses incurred during the T1 harvesting period could be recovered. In the T2 field period, drying rice within 48 h after harvesting could reduce losses by 2.5%. In the T3 drying period, the loss rate could be reduced by 1.6% if traditional drying methods were replaced by mechanical drying and by 0.6% if cyclic drying was implemented to prevent over-drying. In the T5 storage period, the loss rate of 7% could be reduced by adopting advanced grain storage technologies such as low-temperature storage. Overall, the rice loss rate could be reduced by 15.43%, which is equivalent to a yield of 32.68 million tonnes of rice. The important factors in each period are strictly controlled in the 5T management method to prevent the post-harvest losses caused by flawed concepts and improper management and to increase the amount of usable fertile land.
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Abramuszkinová Pavlíková, Eva, and Marcela Basovníková. "Certification of Corporate Social Responsibility in EU and China." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 3 (2015): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563030869.
Abstract:
Corporate social responsibility is reflected in environmental, social, economic, stakeholder and voluntariness dimensions. It had become an important topic for European agenda where CSR is considered as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interact with stakeholders on a voluntary basis. In general, it is the responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society. CSR and its certification is important not only for EU but also for out-European business partners such as China. This paper is focused on EU agenda related to CSR, certification, SA8000 standard and the case study of China in relation to SA8000. The results show that the interest in obtaining of SA8000 certificate has risen up to 3231 companies in 2013. European certified companies are represented by 1583 in 2013. The most developing regions in terms of SA8000 certification are Europe and Central Asia, resp. Europe, South Asia and East Asia and the Pacific. In Europe, the most SA8000 certified country is Italy with one third of certifications from the whole world. From out- European countries leading role is taken by India and China. China is the world biggest exporter in the apparel branch which has also the highest number of SA8000 certified companies.