Relevant bibliographies by topics / Worst Forms and Sectors

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Worst Forms and Sectors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 September 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Worst Forms and Sectors"

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DOUMBIA, Balla. "Etat des lieux du cadre législatif et institutionnel de lutte contre le travail des enfants au Mali." Notes de l'Enseignant-Chercheur 4, no. 1 (2024): 162–83. https://doi.org/10.71140/necus.41007.

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Child labour poses a serious threat to the health, education and well-being of minors. According to the International Labour Office (ILO), about 168 million children are affected worldwide, or 11% of the child population. This exploitation compromises their physical, mental and social development, while disrupting their schooling. Aware of the devastating effects, states have put in place laws to prevent this practice. At the international level, the International Labour Organization (ILO) is leading the fight against child labour with conventions such as Convention No. 182, which defines the
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Amon, Joseph J., Jane Buchanan, Jane Cohen, and Juliane Kippenberg. "Child Labor and Environmental Health: Government Obligations and Human Rights." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/938306.

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The Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour was adopted by the International Labour Organization in 1999. 174 countries around the world have signed or ratified the convention, which requires countries to adopt laws and implement programs to prohibit and eliminate child labor that poses harms to health or safety. Nonetheless, child labor continues to be common in the agriculture and mining sectors, where safety and environmental hazards pose significant risks. Drawing upon recent human rights investigations of child labo
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Fominykh, A. "Relative Inefficiency of the State and Private Sectors: The Statistical Approach." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2004): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-64-75.

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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impo
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Mathias Duarte, Alexandre Scalli, Alexandre Caixeta Guimarães, Guilherme Machado de Carvalho, et al. "Audiogram Comparison of Workers from Five Professional Categories." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/201494.

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Introduction. Noise is a major cause of health disorders in workers and has unique importance in the auditory analysis of people exposed to it. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the arithmetic mean of the auditory thresholds at frequencies of 3, 4, and 6 kHz of workers from five professional categories exposed to occupational noise.Methods. We propose a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study to analyze 2.140 audiograms from seven companies having five sectors of activity: one footwear company, one beverage company, two ceramics companies, two metallurgical companies, and two transpo
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Laily mufid, Firda. "Mewujudkan Model Desa yang Ramah Perempuan dan Peduli Anak sebagai Upaya Mencegah Pekerja Anak di Sektor Pertanian." WELFARE STATE Jurnal Hukum 1, no. 1 (2022): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56013/welfarestate.v1i1.1552.

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The challenge facing Indonesia today is child labor in the agricultural sector. Agricultural land which is the center of livelihood for most of Indonesia's population makes children as workers in the agricultural sector. Based on data on the assessment of child labor in Indonesia in the agricultural sector and recommendations by Modelez International in 2020, there are more than 4 million child workers in Indonesia and 20.7 percent of them are trapped in hazardous work environments or the Worst Forms of Child Labor (WFCL). Strategies to reduce the number of child labourers. among others, ensur
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Hidalgo González, Cristina, and María Pilar Rodríguez Fernández. "Evolución de la eficiencia técnica de la ganadería española en el marco de la Política Agraria Común (PAC) (1993-2005) = Evolution of the technical efficiency of Spanish livestock farming under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (1993 to 2005)." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 18 (June 30, 2014): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i18.1644.

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<p>Este artículo tiene como objetivo medir la eficiencia técnica de las Orientaciones Técnico Económicas ganaderas a partir de la información de la Red Contable Agraria Nacional para el período 1993-2005 y realizar un análisis comparativo entre las ramas ganaderas en función de sus niveles de eficiencia. El marco metodológico para medir la eficiencia será la función frontera estocástica propuesta por Battese y Coelli (1992), y la forma funcional elegida para su estimación es una Cobb-Douglas, la base de datos está constituida por un panel de 6 variables, 13 años y 11 orientaciones ganade
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Kartseva, Marina A., and Polina O. Kuznetsova. "The economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic: which groups will suffer more in terms of loss of employment and income?" Population and Economics 4, no. 2 (2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.4.e53194.

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The paper estimates the scale of the possible impact of the coronavirus epidemic on the Russian labor market and household incomes. We consider vulnerable employment, which includes workers with increased risks of job loss, wage cuts and other negative events that reduce labor incomes. The analysis shows that every second Russian worker can be classified as vulnerable employee. The highest risks for reducing labor incomes as a result of the epidemic are faced by young people, workers with a low level of education, as well as residents of regional centers. About a third of vulnerable employees
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Kartseva, Marina A., and Polina O. Kuznetsova. "The economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic: which groups will suffer more in terms of loss of employment and income?" Population and Economics 4, no. (2) (2020): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.4.e53194.

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The paper estimates the scale of the possible impact of the coronavirus epidemic on the Russian labor market and household incomes. We consider vulnerable employment, which includes workers with increased risks of job loss, wage cuts and other negative events that reduce labor incomes. The analysis shows that every second Russian worker can be classified as vulnerable employee. The highest risks for reducing labor incomes as a result of the epidemic are faced by young people, workers with a low level of education, as well as residents of regional centers. About a third of vulnerable employees
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Srivastava, Vishal, Saurabh bhardwaj, and Gopal Chaudhary. "An intelligent multi-criteria decision-based approach for sustainable growth of the energy sector: the case study of India and Vietnam." Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things 6, no. 1 (2022): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jisiot.060105.

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Traditional and sustainable forms of energy are examined from a variety of angles, including economics, technology, society, ecology, politics, and flexibility, to ensure that Vietnam’s energy industry continues to expand sustainably. These sources have been evaluated and assessed using an extended spherical fuzzy MCDM method. Thermal, gas, nuclear, solar, wind, biomass, and hydro energy alternatives are employed in the decision-making model. The weights of evaluation criteria are determined using the spherical fuzzy AHP model, and renewable power choices are prioritized using the WPM model. W
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Park, Sang-Hee, and Seong-Won Yoon. "Making Sense of Sound and Governance: the Case of Neighbor Noise." Institute for Euro-African Studies 3, no. 1 (2023): 82–106. https://doi.org/10.55952/ggc.2023.04.3.1.82.

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This analysis aims to propose a prospective governance model to solve noise pollution problems in South Korea, with the neighbor noise issue central to the process. In Korea, where more than half of the population lives in apartment buildings, neighbor noise is one of the main reasons that lead to social problems. Neighbor noise causes feuds and conflicts among residents, which could result in physical violence and, in the worst cases, murder. Noise pollution problems, therefore, should not be seen solely as noise issues. The causes of noise pollution, the forms of conflicts caused by noise po
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Worst Forms and Sectors"

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Macedo, Joana de Negrier Almeida e. "Trabalho infantil: representações sociais nos media." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3314.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Sociologia das Organizações e do Trabalho<br>O trabalho infantil é um fenómeno global que viola direitos fundamentais das crianças prejudicando a sua saúde e o seu desenvolvimento mental, físico, social e moral para além de as privar de frequentar a escola ou as obrigar a um abandono precoce. Nesta tese para além do enquadramento conceptual e jurídico essencial à delimitação do fenómeno propomo-nos analisar a representação social do trabalho infantil nos media portugueses durante o ano de 2008 com base nas categorias seleccionadas designadamente “Região”, “Sexo”, “I
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Adeleye, Adekunbi. "Strategies and mechanisms to eradicate the worst forms of child labour in Nigeria." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9152.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Children are the future of a nation and the hope for a better tomorrow. For a country to develop, the rights of a child should be of paramount concern to the government of the nation. These rights include, but are not limited to, the right to adequate standard of living, health care, education, play and recreation, protection from abuse, negligence and exploitation. Unfortunately, many children are denied these rights and the joy of childhood by being involved in child labour as a means to survive. In Nigeria, child labourers engage in all forms of labou
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Obi, A. "Modern slavery and worst forms of child labour in South Africa: case of the former homeland areas." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016119.

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Despite a progressive constitution lauded as one of the best and most forward-looking in the world, with an advanced Bill of Rights, instances of human rights violations have been detected at all levels of the South African society. The most disturbing revelations have been associated with situations in many farming communities in South Africa. On the basis of a comprehensive nationwide study initiated in June 2001 and documented in 2003, the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) confirmed widespread human rights violations on South African farms. Through the efforts of the South Afric
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Menard-Kilrane, Monique. "The Role of the ILO in Extending the Scope of International Criminal Law to the Worst Forms of Child Labour." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28591.

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Our dissertation attempts to demonstrate that the combination of international labour standards and of criminal accountability could provide beneficial protection to children against the worst forms of child labour. We will thus explore the role played by the ILO, through the adoption of ILO Convention (no.182) on the Worst Forms of Child Labour, in extending the protection of children against the worst forms of child labour. By analyzing the codified and the customary concepts of international criminal law, we can identify under which principles some of the worst forms of child labour can be
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Júnior, Geraldo Costa. "O trabalho de crianças e adolescentes com ênfase nas piores formas: uma análise dos censos demográficos do Brasil de 2000 e 2010." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-20032014-101550/.

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O trabalho infantil é hoje bastante discutido nas agendas de governo do mundo inteiro. Desde que as primeiras discussões e debates acerca do tema começaram, obteve-se um grande avanço a partir da ratificação da convenção nº. 182 da OIT, que versa sobre as piores formas de trabalho infantil. Cerca de 87% dos Estados membros já ratificaram a Convenção n.º 182, incluindo o Brasil. Em 2010, firmou-se um compromisso, no âmbito da OIT, que estabelece como prioridade a eliminação das piores formas de trabalho infantil até 2016. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é identificar os determinantes da redução
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Zia, Farkhanda. "The effectiveness of trade sanctions and ILO convention 182 on the eradication of the worst forms of child labour in the United Kingdom and Pakistan." Thesis, University of Hull, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550497.

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Child labour is recognised as the most important source of child exploitation and abuse in the developing countries. Endemic in today's poor countries, it seems also to have re-emerged in developed countries. This research explores the present position of child workers in Pakistan and in one of the most developed countries, namely, the UK. The rationale for investigating the situation of working children in a developed country is that the experience of such countries provides important evidence by which to test the assumptions that guide policy in the developing world, with a view to reducing
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Bouhairi, Samar. "La protection des enfants contre l'exploitation au travail dans les principaux instruments internationaux et européens." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA003.

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Aujourd’hui, plus de deux cent millions d’enfants sont contraints de travailler dans le monde pour des raisons multiples. Leurs conditions de travail sont généralement déplorables. L’abolition effective du travail des enfants est donc l’un des plus urgents défis de notre époque. Divers instruments internationaux et européens protègent les enfants contre l’exploitation au travail. Ces instruments visent à assurer l’épanouissement physique et psychologique des enfants ainsi que le respect de leur droit à l’éducation. La présente étude a pour but d’analyser ces principaux instruments<br>Today, mo
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Boroumand, Armin. "L'exploitation des enfants par le travail en droit international, européen et iranien : étude normative comparée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA001.

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D’après la Convention n° 182 de l’OIT, toutes les formes d’esclavage ou pratiques analogues, telles que la servitude pour dettes et le servage, la traite, le travail forcé, ainsi que le recrutement obligatoire des enfants dans les conflits armés figurent parmi les pires formes de travail des enfants. Ledit instrument regroupe l’ensemble de ces notions dans une seule et même catégorie pouvant donner lieu à une possible ambiguïté. Le but de ce travail est de faire toute la lumière sur les nuances qui distinguent chacune de ces notions en droit international, européen (en particulier, le droit du
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MATTEUCCI, FULVIO. "The Worst forms of child labour. Fenomeni di sfruttamento e storie di violenza Prospettive pedagogiche per l’intervento nei contesti." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1002729.

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In questo lavoro abbiamo messo in evidenza la situazione ancor critica dell'infanzia nel mondo in relazione alla Convenzione ILO n. 182 del 1999. Quali paesi sono maggiormente a rischio? Quali sono le implicazioni psicologiche e pedagogiche che caratterizzano le forme di sfruttamento? Quali prospettive pedagogiche per combatterle? A queste ed altre domande abbiamo provato a rispondere a partire da una disamina storico-giuridica e dagli interventi di ONU, ILO e UNICEF per poi dedicarci alle caratteristiche di ogni singola forma di sfruttamento minorile. . Parte del lavoro è stata dedicata
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"The Effects Of Child Labor Monitoring On Knowledge, Attitude And Practices In Cocoa Growing Communities Of Ghana." Tulane University, 2014.

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Among the multitude of interventions to address the worst forms of child labor (WFCL), one of the responses to the presence of WFCL has been the institution of child labor monitoring (CLM). While systems to systematically monitor children with respect to their exposure and risks have been implemented, the degree of their efficacy and ultimately their effect on the targeted populations begs academic scrutiny. This dissertation seeks to provide an empirical view of the community-level dynamics that emerge in response to a community-based CLM program and their effects, in turn, on the CLM itself.
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Books on the topic "Worst Forms and Sectors"

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LeBeau, Debie. Towards the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Namibia. Pollination Publishers, 2004.

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Čhanthawānit, Suphāng. Assessing the situation of the worst forms of child labour in Samutsakhon. Asian Research Center for Migration (ARCM), Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, and the Labour Rights Promotion Network (LPN), 2007.

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K, Collins, and Northern Ireland. Department of Education., eds. Effectiveness of different forms of interventions in the schools and youth sectors: Literature review. Department of Education, 2002.

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Seminar on Integration of Psychosocial Assistance in Programmes for Children in Worst Forms of Child Labour (2003 CVICT, Kathmandu). Children in the worst forms of child labour: Psychosocial care within the NGO setting. ILO, 2003.

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Crawford, Sheena. The worst forms of child labour: A guide to understanding and using the new convention. Social Development Department, Department for International Development, 2000.

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Union, Inter-parliamentary, and International Labour Office, eds. Eliminating the worst forms of child labour: A practical guide to ILO Convention No. 182. ILO, Inter-parliamentary Union, 2002.

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International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour, ed. Sri Lanka's roadmap 2016 on the worst forms of child labour: From commitment to action. Ministry of Labour Relations and Productivity Promotion, Govt. of Sri Lanka, 2010.

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Regional Working Group on Child Labour in Asia. Handbook for action-oriented research on the worst forms of child labour, including trafficking in children. Regional Working Group on Child Labour in Asia, 2000.

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Baker, Rachel. The sexual exploitation of working children: Guidelines for action to eliminate the worst forms of child labour. Social Development Division, Department for International Development, 2001.

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National, Stakeholder Consultation on the Time-Bound Programme Against the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Nepal (2001 Kathmandu Nepal). The National Stakeholder Consultation on the Time-Bound Programme Against the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Nepal. International Labour Organization], 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Worst Forms and Sectors"

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Cullen, Holly. "The Evolving Concept of Worst Forms of Child Labor." In The SAGE Handbook of Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery. SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526436146.n7.

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Lieten, G. K. "Introduction: The Worst Forms of Child Labour in Latin America." In Hazardous Child Labour in Latin America. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0177-9_1.

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Yawson, David O., Michael O. Adu, Paul A. Asare, and Frederick A. Armah. "Multifunctional Landscape Transformation of Urban Idle Spaces for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_214-1.

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AbstractPoor physical and land use planning underpin the chaotic evolution and expansion in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation amplifies urban vulnerability to climate change. Worse, urban landscapes are rarely considered part of the discourse on urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone in climate change adaptation. Yet, landscapes are known to play crucial roles in social, economic, and cultural resilience in cities and towns. Hence, designing basic forms of appealing and functional urban landscapes that support multiple ecosystem services is essential to the dri
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Yawson, David O., Michael O. Adu, Paul A. Asare, and Frederick A. Armah. "Multifunctional Landscape Transformation of Urban Idle Spaces for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_214.

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AbstractPoor physical and land use planning underpin the chaotic evolution and expansion in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation amplifies urban vulnerability to climate change. Worse, urban landscapes are rarely considered part of the discourse on urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone in climate change adaptation. Yet, landscapes are known to play crucial roles in social, economic, and cultural resilience in cities and towns. Hence, designing basic forms of appealing and functional urban landscapes that support multiple ecosystem services is essential to the dri
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Duxfield, Isobel, and Heather Allen. "Gender Imbalance in the Transport Sector – An International Review." In Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85578-8_104.

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Abstract According to the International Labour Organization’s latest figures, women make up just 16.8% of those working in transport globally. This makes it one of the worst-performing industries worldwide- both across the public and private sectors, from boardroom to engine room. Improving gender diversity in the transport sector workforce is essential to achieve its innovation, sustainability and financial goals, while tackling the current, and profound, skills shortage. This paper provides an insight into the challenges and opportunities women face when they choose to work in transport. It
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Billé, Franck. "███ in the Field." In Redacted. punctum books, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0466.1.19.

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In the form of a photo essay, this text grapples with some central questions facing ███ anthropologists doing research in countries where their personal identities are, at best culturally unpalatable, at worst illegal. In this personal account, experiences in two countries (Russia and China) are contrasted. In the latter, elusiveness in responses to personal questions from interlocutors can help carve out spaces of ambiguity. In the former, by contrast, anti-███ legislation (the federal law “for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating for a Denial of Traditional Family V
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Diamanti, Olga, Christos Tzovas, and Nicos Sykianakis. "The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic in Financial Performance of Firms Listed in the Athens Stock Exchange." In Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51038-0_105.

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AbstractThe world was severely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, causing, among others, possibly the worst global recession since 1930s. Of course not all sectors of economic activity were influenced in a similar way. While pharmaceutical companies had a boost in their profitability, other sectors including travel, tourism and leisure experienced huge losses and needed to be subsidized by the government. The current study investigates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the financial performance of firms listed in the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE). The sample includes 82 companies listed in the
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Takeda, Shimpei. "Trace-Cameraless Records of Radioactive Contamination." In Making the Geologic Now. punctum books, 2012. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0014.1.37.

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As an artist working with analog photographic techniques that are rapidly in decline, a native of Japan, and moreover being born in Fukushima prefecture, I took on a mission to create a physical record of the worst man-made nuclear accident in history. A photograph can be created by electromagnetic radiation other than light. Radiation and visible light are similar forms of energy, they just travel in different wavelengths. Using cameraless processes, I want to capture the current state of Japan directly, by exposing photo-sensitive material to traces of radiation emitted from contaminated par
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Ehrich, Martha Emilie. "Transnational Capital and Paper Production." In Palgrave Studies in Economic History. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54324-1_5.

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AbstractThis chapter examines the progression of the Dutch paper industry during the post-Fordist phase, starting from 1980 onward. By highlighting both active and passive government interventions and economic restructuring within the context of the Dutch paper industry, the chapter challenges the notion that the state withdraws from regulatory involvement in the post-Fordist accumulation regime. State strategies, including the deregulation of market structures to facilitate widespread transnational ownership, neoliberal re-regulative initiatives involving closer collaboration between the publ
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Lukasiewicz, Agnieszka, Venere Stefania Sanna, Vera Lúcia Alves Pereira Diogo, and Anikó Bernát. "Shared Mobility: A Reflection on Sharing Economy Initiatives in European Transportation Sectors." In The Sharing Economy in Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86897-0_5.

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AbstractFreedom of movement is a fundamental human right. The transportation sector, therefore, holds high socio-economic significance—while contributing almost a quarter of Europe’s greenhouse gas emissions and being a major air polluter. Key parts of the ‘collaborative and sharing economy’ relate to transport, including peer-to-peer and on-demand transportation. While these forms of ‘collaborative consumption’ may be seen as promoting environmental sustainability, such models also generate inequality and regulatory disputes (e.g., Uber’s workers and licences), leading to stakeholder conflict
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Conference papers on the topic "Worst Forms and Sectors"

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Sarkis, Miriam, Nilay Shah, and Maria M. Papathanasiou. "Integrating process and demand uncertainty in capacity planning for next-generation pharmaceutical supply chains." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.162819.

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Emerging sectors within the biopharmaceutical industry are undergoing rapid scale-up due to the market boom of gene therapies and vaccine platform technologies. Manufacturers are pressured to orchestrate resources and plan investments under future demand uncertainty and, critically, an early-stage process uncertainty for platforms still under development. In this work, a multi-product multi-stage stochastic optimization problem integrating demand uncertainty is presented and augmented with a worst-case optimization approach with respect to process uncertainty. Results focus on a comparison bet
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Kudla, Flavia, Yao Yao, and Manuel Marya. "A Review of Corrosion-Related Failures and Preventive Measures on Non-Magnetic Cr-Mn Austenitic Stainless Steel Drill Collars." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19370.

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Abstract The use of Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steels in non-magnetic drill collars (NMDCs) has evolved over the last few decades as drilling operations have become more challenging, driving the demand for improved materials. Throughout the life of NMDC tools, localized corrosion (i.e., pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) are among the most common damages observed on NMDCs in between drilling runs. In some of the worst drilling scenarios, these two forms of corrosion have led to downhole NMDC component failures such as “washouts” and “twist-offs”. This pap
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de Waard, C., U. Lotz, and D. E. Milliams. "Predictive Model for CO2 Corrosion Engineering in Wet Natural Gas Pipelines." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91577.

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Abstract Starting from a "worst case" corrosion rate prediction with the deWaard-Milliams equation, correction factors can be applied to quantify the influence of environmental parameters and of corrosion product scale formed under various conditions. Equations are proposed for each factor. A low temperature scale formed in condensing water can cause a reduction in the top-of-the-line corrosion rate in pipelines. At higher temperatures a more protective scale forms even under high liquid flowrates. The decrease of corrosion rates caused by dissolved Fe is accounted for with a pH correction fac
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Thomas, B. J. C., M. Al Kindi, and A. S. Braiki. "Non Producing Environments Leading to Downhole CRA Completion Failures." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20620.

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Abstract Materials selection for any oil and gas equipment, but specifically in wells, tend to focus on the nature and characteristic of the producing environments, or injected fluids if dealing with an injector well. They benefit from greater appreciation on the uncertainty range, in terms of volumes, pressure, temperature and concentration of corrodents since it forms the basis of the business case to drill a new well. There is no robust industry-wide materials selection standards, besides that of the sour limitation of ISO 15156, and Operators are therefore relying on their internal standar
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Schutz, R. W., R. L. Porter, and J. M. Horrigan. "Qualification of Ti-6Al-4V-Ru Alloy Production Tubulars for Aggressive Fluoride-Containing Mobile Bay Well Service." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00160.

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Abstract Ti-6Al-4V-Ru alloy (102 mm [4"] OD) seamless pipe was evaluated as candidate production string tubulars for a specific Mobile Bay Field producing corrosive NaCl- and CaF2-saturated sour brines at 210°C (410°F). The extensive qualification test program, which was mandated by a major Mobile Bay gas producer, included assessment of long-term pipe property and metallurgical stability at well temperature, and long-term corrosion resistance in this sour production brine, injected organic acidizing solutions, liquid scale inhibitor, and methanol solvent for hydrate control; in addition to re
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Dobrokhotova, Maria, Dmitry Skobelev, and Maria Stepanova. "REGULATING CARBON INTENSITY IN FERROUS METALLURGY: NEW APPROACHES BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.29.

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The article describes the approaches to development of an effective regulatory mechanism to manage carbon intensity of Russian resource-intensive industries. The authors focus their attention on the ferrous metallurgy industry as the top emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) and the second-largest consumer of energy among Russian industrial sectors. Resource consumption wise this sector is well-studies and regulated by the Best Available Techniques (BAT). Establishing the interrelation between carbon intensity indicators and resource consumption metrics, as well as operating costs per unit of cons
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Hua, Yong, Richard Barker, and Anne Neville. "Understanding the Influence of SO2 and O2 on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Water-Saturated Supercritical CO2." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05832.

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Abstract The general and localized corrosion behaviour of carbon steel (UNS G15130) in water-saturated supercritical CO2 conditions containing O2 and SO2 at 35 °C and 8 MPa is evaluated with a view to the effect this may have on pipeline integrity during dense-phase CO2 transport. The results indicate that crystalline FeCO3 forms in the presence of solely water and CO2. However, the combined introduction of small concentrations of O2 and SO2 (as low as 20 and 2 ppm (mole), respectively) change FeCO3 crystal morphology. Increasing the concentration of SO2 to 50 and 100 ppm whilst maintaining O2
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Crolet, Jean-Louis, and G. Maisonneuve. "Construction of a Universal Scale of Severity for Hydrogen Cracking." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00127.

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Abstract In both its upstream and downstream sectors, the oil &amp; gas industry has to cope with hydrogen cracking in various hydrogenating media, including sour service, cathodic protection (CP), anhydrous HF, or cold hydrogen gas. In order to allow the general transposition of the detailed materials specifications recently established for wet H2S, it has been attempted to directly compare the severity of these different media. The principle of the method employed is to measure the back pressure PH2 developed in a hollow sensor which can be immersed in any corrosive medium. In the steady sta
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Carrasco, Brisa, Francisco Monroy, Edel Cadena, and Juan Campos. "Análisis del desarrollo económico y la desigualdad social en las metrópolis de México." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7996.

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Con el cambio político y económico hacia formas de organización neoliberales, en el mundo se&#x0D; han propagado nuevas formas en que los gobiernos gestionan el territorio y sus recursos. Lo&#x0D; que en un principio se promovió como formas más competitivas para el desarrollo económico y&#x0D; social, a la vuelta de los años se traduce en formas de organización que han fortalecido a los&#x0D; grupos de poder económico, pero que han generado efectos adversos para la población, al&#x0D; contar con cada vez menos acceso a empleos de calidad, a servicios públicos básicos y a&#x0D; mejores remunera
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Ibekwe, Achinike, Kjeld Sorensen, Jonathan Fernández, Alberto Arredondo, and Alex Mena. "Remnant Life Assessment of Bonga FPSO and SPM Mooring Chains." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77941.

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Delivering full service life performance for mooring systems of Floating Production Storage &amp; Offloading assets (FPSO) has been a frustrating challenge to operators across the industry. Remaining strength and fatigue assessment on degraded top mooring chains of the Bonga FPSO and Single Point Mooring (SPM) loading Buoy has been investigated as part of an in-house Bonga Asset Preservation Program. Both facilities are located approximately 120 km off the coast of Nigeria in the Gulf of Guinea operating in tropical waters just North of the Equator, where top chain links have been subjected to
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Reports on the topic "Worst Forms and Sectors"

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Gorman, Clare. Exposing the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Bangladesh’s Leather Sector. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.001.

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As one of the country’s biggest employers and its second largest exporter, the leather sector is big business in Bangladesh. But it is also in crisis. A dramatic decrease in the global demand for leather since COVID-19 has led to the collapse of the supply chain with workers, especially children, bearing the worst of the brunt. As cracks in the industry’s surface widen, new research from the Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) programme shines a light into its hidden corners, revealing examples of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) at almost
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CLARISSA. Relationships Among Business Owners in the Formal and Informal Sectors. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.016.

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The Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) programme uses Action Research (AR) to understand the dynamics which drive the worst forms of child labour (WFCL), and to generate participatory innovations which help to shift these underlying dynamics and mitigate their worst effects. Through 13 Action Research Groups (ARGs) in Bangladesh and 12 groups in Nepal, the programme is generating a rich understanding – particularly through children’s lived experiences – of the complex underlying drivers of harmful work and working children and their employers ar
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Sayem, Mashrique, Sayma Sayed, A. K. M. Maksud, et al. Life Stories From Children Working in Bangladesh’s Leather Sector and its Neighbourhoods: Told and Analysed by Children. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2023.004.

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CLARISSA (Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia) has a participatory and child-centred approach that supports children to gather evidence, analyse it themselves and generate solutions to the problems they identify. The life story collection and collective analysis processes supported children engaged in the worst forms of child labour in Bangladesh to share and analyse their life stories. Over 400 life stories were collected from children who worked in the leather supply chain, or who lived and worked in leather sector neighbourhoods. Using causal mapping, 53
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Hacker, Elizabeth, and Ranjama Sharma. Life Stories From Kathmandu’s Adult Entertainment Sector: Told and Analysed by Children and Young People. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.005.

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Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) has a participatory and child-centred approach that supports children to gather evidence, analyse it themselves and generate solutions to the problems they identify. The life story collection and collective analysis processes supported children and young people involved in the worst forms of child labour in Kathmandu to share and analyse their life stories. Four hundred life stories were collected and then analysed by children and young people engaged in and affected by the worst forms of child labour, includin
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Burns, Danny, and Marina Apgar. A Synthesis of Systemic Action Research Processes in the CLARISSA Programme on Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.039.

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This paper describes, synthesises and analyses the work of 25 Action Research Groups that were the heartbeat of the CLARISSA Systemic Action Research programme. The CLARISSA programme worked to create participatory and systemic solutions to the worst forms of child labour in the adult entertainment sector in Nepal, and the leather sector in Bangladesh. The paper explores how the action research groups were set up, and how they worked through key stages of trust and relationship building, generating evidence, building theories of change, planning and taking action, and assessing the effects of
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Bhattarai (B.C.), Kriti, Danny Burns, Mariah Cannon, et al. Qualitative Analysis of 400 Life Stories from Children and Young People Working in the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Nepal. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.004.

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CLARISSA (Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South‑Eastern Asia) is a large-scale research programme on the worst forms of child labour. It aims to identify, evidence, and promote effective multi‑stakeholder action to tackle the drivers of the worst forms of child labour in selected supply chains in Nepal and Bangladesh. This paper captures the perspectives of 400 children and young people working in the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) – mostly in the adult entertainment sector in Kathmandu, Nepal – to aid understanding about WFCL and how it can be brought to an end. Unde
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Cannon, Mariah, Jiniya Afroze, Danny Burns, et al. Qualitative Analysis of 405 Life Stories from Children Working in the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.006.

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The CLARISSA (Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia) programme is a five-year, action research consortium generating evidence-informed, innovative solutions by children to avoid hazardous, exploitative labour in Bangladesh and Nepal. This paper is based on a qualitative analysis of 405 life stories collected from child labourers in Bangladesh working in the worst forms of child labour in the leather sector or living in leather sector neighbourhoods. Our analysis of their stories provides a rich picture, from children’s perspectives, of the drivers of child la
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Maksud, A. K. M., Sayma Sayed, and Khandaker Reaz Hossain. The Domestic Market and its Relationship to the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Bangladesh’s Leather Industry. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.049.

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This survey was limited in focus. It was designed simply to establish the extent to which small enterprises in the leather sector that employed children were primarily supplying the domestic market. In a purposive sample of 158 small leather enterprises – mostly in the informal economy – that hired children in the Hazaribagh, Hemayetpur, and Bhairab areas of Bangladesh, the majority were found to be supplying their products only to the domestic market. However, a considerable number of leather enterprises directly or indirectly sell their products in foreign markets. This has significant impli
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programme, CLARISSA. Children Re-enter the Worst Forms of Child Labour Despite Participating in Training and Skills-Oriented Programmes. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.028.

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Report of the CLARISSA Nepal Action Research Group 4. As the first step of systemic action research, the CLARISSA programme in Nepal collected 400 life stories of children and young people engaged in the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) within Kathmandu Valley. Life stories collected were from children and young people either engaged in the Adult Entertainment Sector or living in selected neighbourhoods. Among the 400 stories collected, 50 were collected by children and 350 were collected by CLARISSA (adult) researchers. These stories were then collectively analysed by children and young peo
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CLARISSA. Relationship Between Formal and Informal Enterprises in the Leather Sector. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.015.

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The Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) programme uses Action Research (AR) to understand the dynamics which drive the worst forms of child labour (WFCL), and to generate participatory innovations which help to shift these underlying dynamics and mitigate their worst effects. Through 13 Action Research Groups (ARGs) in Bangladesh and 12 groups in Nepal, the programme is generating a rich understanding – particularly through children’s lived experiences – of the complex underlying drivers of harmful work and working children and their employers ar
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