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Journal articles on the topic 'Worst Forms and Sectors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

DOUMBIA, Balla. "Etat des lieux du cadre législatif et institutionnel de lutte contre le travail des enfants au Mali." Notes de l'Enseignant-Chercheur 4, no. 1 (2024): 162–83. https://doi.org/10.71140/necus.41007.

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Child labour poses a serious threat to the health, education and well-being of minors. According to the International Labour Office (ILO), about 168 million children are affected worldwide, or 11% of the child population. This exploitation compromises their physical, mental and social development, while disrupting their schooling. Aware of the devastating effects, states have put in place laws to prevent this practice. At the international level, the International Labour Organization (ILO) is leading the fight against child labour with conventions such as Convention No. 182, which defines the

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2

Amon, Joseph J., Jane Buchanan, Jane Cohen, and Juliane Kippenberg. "Child Labor and Environmental Health: Government Obligations and Human Rights." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/938306.

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The Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour was adopted by the International Labour Organization in 1999. 174 countries around the world have signed or ratified the convention, which requires countries to adopt laws and implement programs to prohibit and eliminate child labor that poses harms to health or safety. Nonetheless, child labor continues to be common in the agriculture and mining sectors, where safety and environmental hazards pose significant risks. Drawing upon recent human rights investigations of child labo

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Fominykh, A. "Relative Inefficiency of the State and Private Sectors: The Statistical Approach." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2004): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-64-75.

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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impo

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Mathias Duarte, Alexandre Scalli, Alexandre Caixeta Guimarães, Guilherme Machado de Carvalho, et al. "Audiogram Comparison of Workers from Five Professional Categories." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/201494.

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Introduction. Noise is a major cause of health disorders in workers and has unique importance in the auditory analysis of people exposed to it. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the arithmetic mean of the auditory thresholds at frequencies of 3, 4, and 6 kHz of workers from five professional categories exposed to occupational noise.Methods. We propose a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study to analyze 2.140 audiograms from seven companies having five sectors of activity: one footwear company, one beverage company, two ceramics companies, two metallurgical companies, and two transpo

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Laily mufid, Firda. "Mewujudkan Model Desa yang Ramah Perempuan dan Peduli Anak sebagai Upaya Mencegah Pekerja Anak di Sektor Pertanian." WELFARE STATE Jurnal Hukum 1, no. 1 (2022): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56013/welfarestate.v1i1.1552.

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The challenge facing Indonesia today is child labor in the agricultural sector. Agricultural land which is the center of livelihood for most of Indonesia's population makes children as workers in the agricultural sector. Based on data on the assessment of child labor in Indonesia in the agricultural sector and recommendations by Modelez International in 2020, there are more than 4 million child workers in Indonesia and 20.7 percent of them are trapped in hazardous work environments or the Worst Forms of Child Labor (WFCL). Strategies to reduce the number of child labourers. among others, ensur

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Hidalgo González, Cristina, and María Pilar Rodríguez Fernández. "Evolución de la eficiencia técnica de la ganadería española en el marco de la Política Agraria Común (PAC) (1993-2005) = Evolution of the technical efficiency of Spanish livestock farming under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (1993 to 2005)." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 18 (June 30, 2014): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i18.1644.

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<p>Este artículo tiene como objetivo medir la eficiencia técnica de las Orientaciones Técnico Económicas ganaderas a partir de la información de la Red Contable Agraria Nacional para el período 1993-2005 y realizar un análisis comparativo entre las ramas ganaderas en función de sus niveles de eficiencia. El marco metodológico para medir la eficiencia será la función frontera estocástica propuesta por Battese y Coelli (1992), y la forma funcional elegida para su estimación es una Cobb-Douglas, la base de datos está constituida por un panel de 6 variables, 13 años y 11 orientaciones ganade

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Kartseva, Marina A., and Polina O. Kuznetsova. "The economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic: which groups will suffer more in terms of loss of employment and income?" Population and Economics 4, no. 2 (2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.4.e53194.

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The paper estimates the scale of the possible impact of the coronavirus epidemic on the Russian labor market and household incomes. We consider vulnerable employment, which includes workers with increased risks of job loss, wage cuts and other negative events that reduce labor incomes. The analysis shows that every second Russian worker can be classified as vulnerable employee. The highest risks for reducing labor incomes as a result of the epidemic are faced by young people, workers with a low level of education, as well as residents of regional centers. About a third of vulnerable employees

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Kartseva, Marina A., and Polina O. Kuznetsova. "The economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic: which groups will suffer more in terms of loss of employment and income?" Population and Economics 4, no. (2) (2020): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.4.e53194.

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The paper estimates the scale of the possible impact of the coronavirus epidemic on the Russian labor market and household incomes. We consider vulnerable employment, which includes workers with increased risks of job loss, wage cuts and other negative events that reduce labor incomes. The analysis shows that every second Russian worker can be classified as vulnerable employee. The highest risks for reducing labor incomes as a result of the epidemic are faced by young people, workers with a low level of education, as well as residents of regional centers. About a third of vulnerable employees

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9

Srivastava, Vishal, Saurabh bhardwaj, and Gopal Chaudhary. "An intelligent multi-criteria decision-based approach for sustainable growth of the energy sector: the case study of India and Vietnam." Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things 6, no. 1 (2022): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jisiot.060105.

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Traditional and sustainable forms of energy are examined from a variety of angles, including economics, technology, society, ecology, politics, and flexibility, to ensure that Vietnam’s energy industry continues to expand sustainably. These sources have been evaluated and assessed using an extended spherical fuzzy MCDM method. Thermal, gas, nuclear, solar, wind, biomass, and hydro energy alternatives are employed in the decision-making model. The weights of evaluation criteria are determined using the spherical fuzzy AHP model, and renewable power choices are prioritized using the WPM model. W

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10

Park, Sang-Hee, and Seong-Won Yoon. "Making Sense of Sound and Governance: the Case of Neighbor Noise." Institute for Euro-African Studies 3, no. 1 (2023): 82–106. https://doi.org/10.55952/ggc.2023.04.3.1.82.

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This analysis aims to propose a prospective governance model to solve noise pollution problems in South Korea, with the neighbor noise issue central to the process. In Korea, where more than half of the population lives in apartment buildings, neighbor noise is one of the main reasons that lead to social problems. Neighbor noise causes feuds and conflicts among residents, which could result in physical violence and, in the worst cases, murder. Noise pollution problems, therefore, should not be seen solely as noise issues. The causes of noise pollution, the forms of conflicts caused by noise po

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11

Yanovsky, K. "The Size of the State Sector of the Economy (Theoretical Approaches, Survey of Literature, Russian Experience)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2004): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-25-34.

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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impo

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Luzan, S. "Regulation and Management of Enterprises with State Participation: International Experience." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2004): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-35-43.

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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impo

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13

Zhavoronkov, S. "Inefficiency of State Property Management (The Case of Large Enterprises)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2004): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-44-52.

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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impo

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14

Savitsky, K. "Tendencies and Ways of Development of Unitary Enterprises." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2004): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-53-63.

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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impo

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15

meena, D. C. "Role of Livestock Sector in Sustainable Livelihood Security in Yamuna Ravine Area of Uttar Pradesh." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, no. 3 (2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/jul_sep/10-17.

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Livestock has been an integral part of human life since civilization started. It provides enormous opportunities to bring required growth in agriculture and households income, especially in remote and poor endowed regions. Ravines are the worst forms of land degradation caused by water erosion. The households those residents within ravine areas have low socio-economical status compared to residents of outside ravine areas. The present study explored the role of livestock in agriculture and households income in Yamuna ravine areas using both primary and secondary data. Further, this study also

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Montealegre, María Griñán. "Solutions for the Sustainable Management of a Cultural Landscape in Danger: Mar Menor, Spain." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010335.

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The focus of this paper is a case study on the municipality of San Javier in Spain. The aim of the analysis was to provide a working model for the integration of the assessment and conservation of built heritage into broader projects devoted to the sustainable restoration of natural spaces undergoing evident declines in habitability. With a population of 31,905, San Javier is located on the edge of the Mar Menor, which is one of the largest permanent salt water lagoons in the Mediterranean. It forms part of the coastal region of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia in the southeast

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Marques, Rosa Maria, and Paulo Nakatani. "The Strength and Fragility of the Brazilian Economy." Monthly Review 67, no. 1 (2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-01-2015-05_2.

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Analyzing the Brazilian economy is a difficult and complex task; the current indicators register results ranging from excellent to mediocre and worrisome, depending on the variable observed. For example, the nation has advanced into modernity in a few sectors, while at the same time, in recent years, new forms of dependency from the center of capitalism deepened. Further complexities arise when, beyond the economy, one takes into consideration not only the results of so-called "inclusion" policies and the popularity of President Dilma Rousseff (popularly referred to as "Dilma"), but also the n

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Basri, Y. M., R. Natariasari, and B. Devitarika. "MSMEs Tax Compliance in Indonesia During Pandemic COVID-19: The Role of Risk Preference as Moderation." Journal of Tax Reform 9, no. 1 (2023): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2023.9.1.125.

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There has been global economic fallout from the Pandemic COVID-19. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) is one of the industries hit worst. Many MSMEs have seen their profits decline or even disappear. Consequently, tax income dropped. In order to raise tax revenue, the government has implemented a number of reforms, one of which is a push for greater tax compliance among MSMEs. This study aims to analyze the effect of providing tax incentives and understanding taxpayers on MSME tax compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also examines risk preferences as moderation. The popu

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An, Evgenia, and Alessandro Frigerio. "Semi-Compliant labor migrants in South Korea: Koryo-saram diaspora and their lessons for global development." Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education 8 (April 30, 2018): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0385.

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The paper analyses the case of labor migration of CIS ethnic Koreans (Koryo-saram) to South Korea. Because of an ethnicity-based preferential policy, they are offered better conditions than other migrants, but in many cases they choose to switch to a condition of semi-compliance by voluntarily taking jobs in sectors that fall out of their visa requirements. This option is dictated by the absence of Korean language skills and better remuneration in the illegal market, but at the same time exposes them to worse working conditions and vulnerability caused by illegality. This situation, that is co

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Et. al., Suleiman Mohammed Saeed. "Socio-Economic Effects of HIV/AIDS on Households with People Living With HIV/AIDS in Northern Nigeria." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (2021): 5406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2188.

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The purpose of this paper is to review the socio-economic effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) on households with People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Northern Nigeria. The pandemic is devastating and constitutes a serious threat to the socio-economic development of infected, affected, and society at large. This study was qualitative in nature, thus it utilized in-depth interviews to pull together information from the 39 key informants as its method. It is observed that HIV/AIDS occurrence rate has led to poor health, loss of jobs, and

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Trajkovska, Maja. "ORGANIZED CRIME AS A RISK FACTOR WHICH THREATENS NATIONAL SECURITY." Knowledge International Journal 32, no. 1 (2019): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3201181t.

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This paper defines the terms of threats, risks and challenges in security and national security systems. In the modern era, the continent of Europe, which our country is part of, as an expansively accepted synonym for democracy and legal order, faces the worst crisis in terms of security from the end of the Cold War. Specifically, in that period, the security aspects were comprehended through a state-centered attitude, with an emphasis on the military importance of this concern, since the possibility of the outbreak of war conflicts including a nuclear war, was the center of attention. But, no

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Arce Chaves, Laura, and Ramsés Alfaro Mora. "Efectos del Covid-19 en el sector emprendedor costarricense / Effects of Covid-19 in the Costa Rican entrepreneurial sector." Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas 11, no. 22 (2021): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/revrrpp.v11i22.724.

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Este estudio buscó investigar el impacto, las respuestas y demandas de apoyo en relación con recursos humanos, económicos, tecnológicos y estrategias de Relaciones Públicas centradas en comunicación digital como motor de comercialización de productos y servicios, necesarias ante la crisis provocada por el Covid-19. Los resultados mostraron información de un colectivo de emprendedores procedentes de bases de datos de aliados estratégicos al equipo de investigación, tales como cámaras gremiales y colegios profesionales además de empleadores de la Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, que de forma vo

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Amirudin, Amirudin, Jumadil Saputra, Teuku Afrizal, M. Latip, and Α. Tarmizi. "Investigating the COVID-19 Self-Isolation Policy and Its Impact on Socioeconomic of Vulnerable Groups: An application of Rational and Non-Rational Thinking Models." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (June 1, 2021): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.58.

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The spread of the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues in impending world public health and bringing considerable human suffering. The present study investigates the vulnerable groups' reaction from informal sectors to the execution of the self-isolation policy of COVID-19 in Semarang City, Indonesia. This study is designed using a qualitative method with an ethnography approach. Using the binary opposition thinking pattern pioneered by Levi-Strauss, this study conducts the interview process with 25 informants in Semarang City. The data analysed using the response pattern of info

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Nozdrina, Nadezhda, and Inna Schneiderman. "Quality of life and housing conditions of the population in the largest agglomerations and million-plus cities of Russia." Population 25, no. 1 (2022): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.1.

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The role of the largest urban agglomerations and cities with millions of inhabitants in Russia in shaping the quality of life and housing conditions of the population is analyzed in the article. The main problems of the development of large urban agglomerations of Russia in the post-Soviet period are considered. The existing methods of defining their boundaries are analyzed. Based on the calculation of the pair correlation coefficients, the nature and degree of closeness of the relationship between the population of the largest urban agglomerations of Russia and a number of basic characteristi

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Sofe, Abdinur Abdirisak. "Assessment of corruption in the humanitarian assistance in Puntland State of Somalia." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 1 (2020): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2019-0017.

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Purpose Corruption in humanitarian aid is one of the most worried and worst problems around the world. The existence of corruption acts in humanitarian aid delivery can endanger the already susceptible lives of the neediest individuals in the community. Amid serious humanitarian allegation in the country, this study aims to capture meaningful insights in humanitarian aid corruption in Puntland State of Somalia. Design/methodology/approach The study applied qualitative method and used interview as a technique of data collection. The information obtained through the interview was analyzed by quo

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Rautenbach, Christa. "Editorial." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 5 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i5a2450.

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The last issue of 2013 consists of fourteen contributions dealing with a potpourri of topics. The first two articles are both by the same author. In the first one, André Louw addresses the recent, sometimes deplorable conduct of intellectual property (or IP) lawyers, and in the second one, André Louw explores the proper role and meaning of good faith (or bona fides) in contract law, and the approach of our courts to the application of this principle in individual cases involving claims of unfairness and the like. The third article, by Rufaro Mavunga, critically assesses the Minimum Age Convent

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Marome, Wijitbusaba Ann. "Enhancing Adaptation to Climate Change by Impact Assessment of the Flood in Bangkok." Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 13, no. 2 (2016): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v13i2.81266.

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Bangkok is not only Thailand’s political, economic and administrative capital, but also a regional and global hub. In recent decades, it has transformed from a compact urban core into a sprawling megacity. Today, in addition to the original centre, the city also extends into its five neighboring provinces and forms a single agglomeration, the Bangkok Metropolitan Region: around 15% of the country’s population resides here. However, alongside its economic and demographic vitality, Bangkok is highly vulnerable to climate change and other environmental issues. In particular, due to the ‘three wat

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Onuoha, Joachim Chukwuemeka. "The Constitutional Implications of the Indigeneity Syndrome and its Effects on the Political Stability of Nigeria." Constitutional Implications of the Indigeneity Syndrome and its Effects on the Political Stability of Nigeria 8, no. 12 (2023): 17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10441822.

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In practical analysis, there are two categories of Nigerians cum Nigerians, to wit, the indigene and non indigene Nigerians. The indigenes of a particular locality are those who can trace their origin to the ancestors of the locality and they enjoy full citizenship rights therein, whereas the non-indigenes in the same locality are the latter-day settlers who are often denied those same rights irrespective of how long they have lived there. Invariably, the Nigerian Constitution is at the center of this citizenship quagmire. The Constitution provides and guarantees the citizens all the rights an

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Mavunga, Rufaro Audrey. "A Critical Assessment of The Minimum Age Convention 138 of 1973 and The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 182 of 1999." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 5 (2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i5a2432.

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The International Labour Organisation (the ILO) has regulated child labour through the Minimum Age Convention and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention. Such conventions aim at the reduction and eventual elimination of harmful labour practices. After the ratification of such conventions, many countries have adopted domestic laws prohibiting harmful labour. Despite such regulations, statistics prove that children still participate in harmful work. The main purpose of this article is to assess the ILO child labour conventions critically, so as to provide further understanding of the provisi

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А. А., Дибиров, та Погодина О. В. "Предпринимательская и хозяйственная активность сельского населения как ключевой фактор в развитии сельских территорий". ИННОВАЦИИ, № 7(261) (6 липня 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26310/2071-3010.2020.261.7.007.

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Основным драйвером развития сельских территорий является человеческий капитал, обеспечивающий более полное использование местных природных ресурсов посредством реализации предпринимательских и хозяйственных способностей и навыков сельских жителей. Сельское хозяйство является базовой отраслью большинства сельских территорий, от уровня его развития, прежде всего, зависит благополучие сельских жителей. Последние годы на сельских территориях усиливаются диспропорция и неравномерность в развитии, что приводит к сужению пространства хозяйствования, оттоку активной части населения в города. Типизация

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Bílková, Diana. "The Best and Worst-Paid Sectors in the Czech Republic." Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 24, no. 1 (2016): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.aop.497.

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Marziyeh Sadat, Moayeri, Hosseini Seyed Azim, Nani Mehdi, Rabieifar Hamidreza, and Asadpour Jafar. "Evaluation of factors affecting the quality of luxury residential buildings using the fuzzy BWM method." Annals of Civil and Environmental Engineering 7, no. 1 (2023): 007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.acee.1001049.

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The construction sector consists of a collection of activities related to buildings and engineering constructions of all kinds. It is the close relationship between this sectors with other economic sectors, which distinguishes it. Therefore, it is an important indicator of the movement of the national economy, but this sector faces major risks, especially in the construction of luxury residential buildings, and these risks may affect the implementation of the project and may lead to increase costs, affect the quality and sometimes delay delivery. This study was carried out to evaluate the fact

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Sood, Amit, Rahul Omprakash Paliwal, and Rishu Yogesh Mishra. "Reproducibility of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness Measurements Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography." Galician Medical Journal 28, no. 4 (2021): E202147. http://dx.doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2021.4.7.

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The objective of the research was to assess the reproducibility of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and to establish whether the same investigator can get the same or similar results when performing the scan thrice in an hour, without reference to the previous scan and the repeat function. Materials and Methods. In this prospective observational study, 200 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were scanned 3 times according to predefined guidelines at 0, 30 and 60 minutes on the same day, by th

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Dessy, Sylvain E., and Stéphane Pallage. "A Theory of the Worst Forms of Child Labour." Economic Journal 115, no. 500 (2004): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00960.x.

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Sood, A. K., R. O. Paliwal, and R. Y. Mishra. "Reproducibility of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness Measurement by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography." Ophthalmology in Russia 19, no. 4 (2022): 705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2022-4-705-718.

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Purpose: To assess the reproducibility of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) when the same investigator does scan thrice in a span of one hour without reference to the previous scan, is able to get similar results or not, without using the repeat function.Methods. In this prospective observational study 200 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion & exclusion criteria were scanned 3 times as per pre-defined guidelines at 0 minutes, 30 minutes; 60 minutes on the same day, by the same investigator using SD-OCT for measu

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Miola, Iagê, Gabriela de Oliveira Junqueira, Flávio Prol, Marcela Vecchione-Gonçalves, Tomaso Ferrando, and Héctor Herrera. "Title: Green bonds in the world-ecology: capital, nature and power in the financialized expansion of the forestry industry in Brazil." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 46 (February 28, 2021): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2021.46.009.

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The 2008 financial crisis opened the doors of green capitalism as a financially sound approach to saving the planet from the worst effects of the climate emergency. The emphasis on the role of finance in promoting “green growth” has permeated mainstream political, academic and business approaches to climate change adaptation and mitigation, assuming multiple forms - from the carbon markets of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, to the Environmental, Social and Governance taxonomy for “green” investments, to the proliferation of sustainable labels in several economic sectors. The presen

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Khandelwal, Ashok, Ranjan Wankhede, Dhananjaye Raje, and Parag Singhal. "Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health, Well-being and Quality of Life of Women in Rural Maharashtra." Physician 7, no. 3 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.38192/1.7.3.4.

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In Maharashtra, Mahila Aarthik Vikas Mandal (MAVIM), a non-profit initiative of the Government of Maharashtra, India, works to build the overall capacities of women. It acts as a nodal agency to implement various female-empowerment schemes of central and state governments. The general observation of MAVIM was that post-COVID-19, women from rural sectors experienced high rates of depression and anxiety. Hence, to understand the extent of the mental well-being of rural women, a cross-sectional field study was planned in the two worst-affected rural sectors of the Vidarbha region, located in cent

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Ushaa, Eswaran, and Eswaran Vishal. "Decarbonization: Pathways for a sustainable future." i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 18, no. 4 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.18.4.20018.

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Decarbonization, the process of reducing carbon emissions, is critical for mitigating climate change and enabling the transition to a sustainable future. This paper examines decarbonization strategies across the energy, transportation, buildings and industrial sectors. A mix of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including data analysis, modeling and policy analysis are utilized. Key findings show that while decarbonization requires ambitious policies and investments, the goals of net-zero emissions are technologically and economically feasible through clean electrification, energy eff

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Wiles, Charles E., Ameen I. Ramzy, and Howard Belzberg. "Cellular Telecommunications at Amtrak's Worst Crash." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 4, no. 2 (1989): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00029952.

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AbstractMedical communications associated with a collision between a passenger train and three locomotives which resulted in the death of 16 and injury to at least 177 persons quickly overwhelmed the relatively sophisticated EMS communications center (SYSCOM) serving the state of Maryland, U.S.A. Other than traditional talk-by and ambulance-hospital communications, the system was saturated by: 1) communications between seven prehospital sectors; 2) persons moved into the field from their usual in-hospital environment who were not familiar or experienced with the use of radio communications; 3)

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Dennis, Michael J. "The ILO Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labor." American Journal of International Law 93, no. 4 (1999): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555360.

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Varma, Yashraj, Renuka Venkataramani, Parthajit Kayal, and Moinak Maiti. "Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Stock Market." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 11 (2021): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14110558.

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The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown announcements by governments have created uncertainty in business operations globally. For the first time, a health shock has impacted the stock markets forcefully. India, one of the major emerging markets, has witnessed a massive fall of around 40% in its major stock indices’ value. Therefore, we examined the short-term impact of the pandemic on the Indian stock market’s major index (NIFTY50) and its constituent sectors. For our analysis, we used three different models (constant return model, market model, and market-adjusted model) of event stu

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Xu, Lijun, Yijia Zhou, and Bo Yu. "Robust Optimization Model with Shared Uncertain Parameters in Multi-Stage Logistics Production and Inventory Process." Mathematics 8, no. 2 (2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8020211.

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In this paper, we focus on a class of robust optimization problems whose objectives and constraints share the same uncertain parameters. The existing approaches separately address the worst cases of each objective and each constraint, and then reformulate the model by their respective dual forms in their worst cases. These approaches may result in that the value of uncertain parameters in the optimal solution may not be the same one as in the worst case of each constraint, since it is highly improbable to reach their worst cases simultaneously. In terms of being too conservative for this kind

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Corpuz, Jeff Clyde G. "Multisectoral Approach on COVID-19 vaccination: a proposed solution on vaccine hesitancy." Journal of Public Health 43, no. 2 (2021): e370-e371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab085.

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Abstract As COVID-19 cases rise in one of Southeast Asia’s worst-hit nations, low public trust in vaccines will be a huge block in the government’s vaccination program. In a recent survey in January 2021 which was conducted by Pulse Asia, nearly half of Filipinos said that they would not get vaccinated against COVID-19 due to safety concerns. A proposed solution would be a Multisectoral Approach (MSA). MSA refers to the deliberate collaboration among various stakeholder groups (e.g. government, civil society and private and religious sectors) and sectors (e.g. health, environment and economy)

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Nooshin, H., R. Kamyab, and OA Samavati. "Exploring scallop forms." International Journal of Space Structures 32, no. 2 (2017): 84–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266351117717519.

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The term ‘scallop form’ is used to refer to a structural form, such as a dome, that has ‘arched’ sectors. Thus, in addition to the general ‘curviance’ of the dome, the sectors are separately arched. The term ‘curviance’ means ‘the way a form is curved’. Also, the term ‘scallop’ refers to the marine creature scallop whose shell has arched ribs. Scallop forms constitute a wide range of spatial structural forms that can provide efficient structural solutions. The form processing programming language ‘Formian’ includes capabilities that allow the geometry of various types of scallop domes to be ge

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Sahoo, Pravakar, and Ashwani. "COVID-19 and Indian Economy: Impact on Growth, Manufacturing, Trade and MSME Sector." Global Business Review 21, no. 5 (2020): 1159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150920945687.

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The study aims to make an assessment of COVID-19 on Indian economy by analysing its impact on growth, manufacturing, trade and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) sector, and highlights key policy measures to control the possible fallout in the economy. The impact of the pandemic across sectors and in different scenarios of complete, extended and partial lockdown, and at different levels of capacity utilization is massive on the Indian economy. India’s economy may barely manage to have a positive growth of 0.5 per cent in an optimistic scenario but also faces the possibility of a 3–7 pe

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Maître D'Hôtel, Elodie, Johny Egg, and Pierre-Marie Bosc. "Organisations agricoles, changement institutionnel et gouvernance : le cas des filières lait et haricot face à l’entrée du Costa Rica à l’OMC." Économies et Sociétés. Systèmes agroalimentaires 40, no. 528 (2006): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/esag.2006.905.

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The implementation of the liberalization can take different forms between the agricultural sub-sectors, depending on the organizations capacity to act upon economical policies : we analyse this through North''s institutional change approach. We take the cases of two traditional agricultural sub-sectors in Costa Rica, milk and black bean productions, to underline two different governance forms which imply different transition conditions to a liberalized environment.

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Noguchi, Yoshie. "20 years of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and International Action against Child Labour." International Journal of Children's Rights 18, no. 4 (2010): 515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x528012.

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AbstractThe 20 years of the CRC have also been a period of dynamic change in international action against child labour; increased international attention on the issue during the 1990s – especially from the children's rights perspective – has brought new developments both in technical cooperation and in international standard-setting. The CRC and its two protocols on the one hand, and the ILO child labour Conventions on the other are complementing each other. This article will look back on the process that led to the adoption of ILO C182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labour as well as its 10 year

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Calitz, Karin. "The Failure of the Minimum Age Convention to Eradicate Child Labour in Developing Countries, with Particular Reference to the Southern African Development Community." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 29, Issue 1 (2013): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2013006.

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The Minimum Age Convention 138 of 1975 sets a general minimum employment age of 15 years. All work by children under this age is regarded as detrimental. Although developing countries may temporarily implement a lower age of 14 years (and 12 years for light work), many of these countries have adopted 15 years as the minimum age with no provision made for children to do light work, due to the complexity of the measures in Convention 138. In this article, the view is taken that the ILO's approach is not appropriate for developing countries. In terms of the culture of some of these countries, non

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Dean, Megan A. "The “Worst Dinner Guest Ever”." Gastronomica 22, no. 3 (2022): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2022.22.3.59.

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In 2012, a Venn diagram appeared on the blog The Kitchn detailing the characteristics of what it called the “worst dinner guest ever.” This maligned guest is not only vegan but also gluten and lactose intolerant and allergic to nuts and eggs. While a few commenters agreed with the implication that dietary constraints indicate a failure of appropriate guest behavior, most echoed what Lisa Heldke and Raymond Boisvert (2016) suggest is the dominant American view: hosts are generally obliged to accommodate the dietary restrictions of their guests. For Heldke and Boisvert, this is most obviously tr

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Flor-Unda, Omar, Freddy Simbaña, Xavier Larriva-Novo, Ángel Acuña, Rolando Tipán, and Patricia Acosta-Vargas. "A Comprehensive Analysis of the Worst Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in Latin America." Informatics 10, no. 3 (2023): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics10030071.

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Vulnerabilities in cyber defense in the countries of the Latin American region have favored the activities of cybercriminals from different parts of the world who have carried out a growing number of cyberattacks that affect public and private services and compromise the integrity of users and organizations. This article describes the most representative vulnerabilities related to cyberattacks that have affected different sectors of countries in the Latin American region. A systematic review of repositories and the scientific literature was conducted, considering journal articles, conference p

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