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Journal articles on the topic 'X-Ray Diffraction and Optical Microscopy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

HO SOON MIN. "Sb2Se3 thin films: A brief review of recent developments." Open Access Research Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy 3, no. 2 (2023): 049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjcp.2023.3.2.0063.

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This paper presents the preparation synthesis of p-type Sb2Se3 films on to various substrates (microscope glass, molybdenum coated glass, fluorine-doped tin oxide glass, and mica) via chemical deposition methods and physical deposition techniques. The properties of the obtained films have been studied by using different tools (x-ray photo electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford back scattering, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis). Thin films showed unique phys

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Laanait, Nouamane, Zhan Zhang, Christian M. Schlepütz, Joan Vila-Comamala, Matthew J. Highland, and Paul Fenter. "Full-field X-ray reflection microscopy of epitaxial thin-films." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 6 (2014): 1252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514016555.

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Novel X-ray imaging of structural domains in a ferroelectric epitaxial thin film using diffraction contrast is presented. The full-field hard X-ray microscope uses the surface scattering signal, in a reflectivity or diffraction experiment, to spatially resolve the local structure with 70 nm lateral spatial resolution and sub-nanometer height sensitivity. Sub-second X-ray exposures can be used to acquire a 14 µm × 14 µm image with an effective pixel size of 20 nm on the sample. The optical configuration and various engineering considerations that are necessary to achieve optimal imaging resolut

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Gao, Yuan, Ross Harder, Stephen H. Southworth, et al. "Three-dimensional optical trapping and orientation of microparticles for coherent X-ray diffraction imaging." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 10 (2019): 4018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720785116.

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Optical trapping has been implemented in many areas of physics and biology as a noncontact sample manipulation technique to study the structure and dynamics of nano- and mesoscale objects. It provides a unique approach for manipulating microscopic objects without inducing undesired changes in structure. Combining optical trapping with hard X-ray microscopy techniques, such as coherent diffraction imaging and crystallography, provides a nonperturbing environment where electronic and structural dynamics of an individual particle in solution can be followed in situ. It was previously shown that o

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Mudunuru, Sowmya, Ganapavarapu Veera Raghava Sharma, Chandra Sekhara Rao Gurubilli, Srinivasa Rao G., and Gowri Sankara Rao B. "CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO-DOPED LIQUID CRYSTALS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AND OPTICAL COLORIMETRY." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 17, no. 03 (2024): 838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2024.1738868.

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In this paper, the self-assembling nature of nano-doped liquid crystals is characterized using different techniques. Liquid crystals, namely 4, n-alkoxybenzoic acid (nOBA, where n = 7,8), doped with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 of size 20nm) are considered for the present study. The structural and morphological properties of nano-doped liquid crystals are determined by the techniques of X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Morphological properties like grains, grain boundaries, and crystal defects are elucidated using the scanning electron microscope technique. Structural prope

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Poulsen, H. F., A. C. Jakobsen, H. Simons, S. R. Ahl, P. K. Cook, and C. Detlefs. "X-ray diffraction microscopy based on refractive optics." Journal of Applied Crystallography 50, no. 5 (2017): 1441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576717011037.

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A formalism is presented for dark-field X-ray microscopy using refractive optics. The new technique can produce three-dimensional maps of lattice orientation and axial strain within millimetre-sized sampling volumes and is particularly suited toin situstudies of materials at hard X-ray energies. An objective lens in the diffracted beam magnifies the image and acts as a very efficient filter in reciprocal space, enabling the imaging of individual domains of interest with a resolution of 100 nm. Analytical expressions for optical parameters such as numerical aperture, vignetting, and the resolut

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SARANGI, S. N., S. N. SAHU, and K. GOSWAMI. "STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CdSe NANOCRYSTALS." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 01 (2006): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06004115.

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Nanocrystalline thin films of CdSe have been synthesized from an acidic solution containing CdSO 4 and SeO 2 by a cathodic electrodeposition technique under galvanostatic condition. The crystal structure and morphology have been investigated by Grazing angle X-Ray Diffraction (GXRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and optical microscopic measurement. The X-Ray and TEM diffraction patterns of the deposit reveal a bimodal size distribution with the presence of cubic (zinc blende) phase in the deposit. The particle sizes have been estimated from GXRD measurement found to be 4 nm to 6 nm,

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Phuruangrat, Anukorn, Nuengruethai Ekthammathat, Budsabong Kuntalue, Phattranit Dumrongrojthanath, Somchai Thongtem, and Titipun Thongtem. "Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties of Ce Doped Bi2MoO6Nanoplates." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/934165.

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Undoped and Ce doped Bi2MoO6samples were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction at 180°C for 20 h. Phase, morphology, atomic vibration, and optical properties were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and UV-visible spectroscopy. In this research, the products were orthorhombic Bi2MoO6nanoplates with the growth direction along the [0b0], including the asym

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Sagadevan, Suresh. "Study of Structural, Surface Morphological and Dielectric Properties of Cu-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles." Journal of Nano Research 34 (July 2015): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.34.91.

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Cu doped SnO2nanoparticles were prepared using the chemical precipitation method. The Cu doped SnO2nanoparticles have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Visible absorption spectrum and Dielectric studies. The average crystalline size of Cu doped SnO2nanoparticles was calculated from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and found to be 15 nm and it was further confirmed from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The scanning electron

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Nunes, Daniela, Lídia Santos, Paulo Duarte, et al. "Room Temperature Synthesis of Cu2O Nanospheres: Optical Properties and Thermal Behavior." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, no. 1 (2014): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614013348.

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AbstractThe present work reports a simple and easy wet chemistry synthesis of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanospheres at room temperature without surfactants and using different precursors. Structural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with focused ion beam and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The optical band gaps were determined from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photoluminescence behavior of the as-synthesized nanospheres showed significant differences depending on the precursors used. The C

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Kamil, A. F., H. I. Abdullah, A. M. Rheima, S. H. Mohammed, S. J. Tumaa, and R. M. Abed. "Fabrication of Fe2CuO4 nanoparticles via photolysis technique for improved performance in dye-sensitized solar cells." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 16, no. 4 (2021): 1453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2021.164.1453.

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This paper created excellent photo-anode materials based on Fe2CuO4 Nanoparticles to efficiently convert the photoelectric into a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The Fe2CuO4 nanoparticles were prepared via the UV-Irradiation method. The synthesized nanoparticles morphology structure and optical properties were examined using various X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) / mapping, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) are examples of these techniques. Transmission electro

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Ponnar, M., and K. Pushpanathan. "Strong Ultra-Violet Absorption in Cu Doped CeO2 Nanospheres." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (2018): 5947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12225.

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This article focuses the synthesis and characterization of copper doped cerium oxide nanospheres synthesized by chemical precipitation method. Synthesized nanopowders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrometer and photoluminescence spectrometer. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the copper doping without disturbing the face centred cubic structure of cerium oxide. Field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope study also confirmed the existenc

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Österle, W., H. Rooch, A. Pyzalla, and L. Wang. "Investigation of white etching layers on rails by optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray and synchrotron X-ray diffraction." Materials Science and Engineering: A 303, no. 1-2 (2001): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(00)01842-6.

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Ramesh, S. "Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience 2013 (August 22, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/929321.

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The nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol-gel technique. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the sample. The X-ray diffraction results indicate the formation of nanocrystalline materials in tetragonal lattice with P42/nnm space group. The identical distribution of elements were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray mapping. Electron paramagnetic resonance lineshapes of the samples are obtained at various (13 K, 77

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Pantleon, Karen, Jens Dahl Jensen, and Marcel A. J. Somers. "X-Ray Diffraction Investigation of Electrochemically Deposited Copper." Materials Science Forum 443-444 (January 2004): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.443-444.201.

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Copper layers were deposited from acidic electrolytes containing different amounts of organic additives, designed for the formation of Cu-interconnect structures. Amorphous Ni-P substrates allow to study the unbiased growth of the electrodeposits. The crystallographic texture was investigated by the determination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) pole figures and the calculation of the orientation distribution functions. XRD results are discussed in relation to the morphologies of the electrodeposits as investigated with light optical microscopy and correlated with the process parameters during elect

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Kunio, Katarzyna, Shirly Espinoza, and Krishna P. Khakurel. "Generation of Uniform X-ray Illumination and Its Application to X-ray Diffraction Microscopy." Photonics 9, no. 12 (2022): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9120934.

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X-ray diffraction microscopy (XDM) is an established lens-less imaging method extensively practiced at synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). XDM is broadly operated in two different modes: scanning and non-scanning. The non-scanning mode of operation in XDM is commonly called coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) and has been the key research direction of many XFEL facilities. This method typically images objects smaller than the size of the illumination, which precludes the imaging of a large group of samples physically larger than the illumination. Furthermore, satisfying this re

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Srithar, A., J. C. Kannan, and T. S. Senthil. "Synthesis, structural and optical properties of Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles and their antibacterial application." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 12, no. 12 (2016): 4593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i12.803.

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In the present investigation, MnxZn1-xO (x = 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1%) nanoparticles have been synthesized by simple precipitation method. Their structural, morphological and optical properties were examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The Powder X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that the manganese dope

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Caldwell, M. L., H. H. Richardson, and M. E. Kordesch. "Optical Properties of Manganese Doped Amorphous and Crystalline Aluminum Nitride Films." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 5, S1 (2000): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300004221.

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An aluminum nitride (AlN) film deposited on silicon (100) was used as the substrate for growing manganese (Mn) doped AlN film by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOVCD). The (15.78 µm) under layer of AlN was grown at 615°C at a pressure of 10−4 Torr. The (2.1 µm) top layer of Mn-AlN was grown at the same temperature and pressure but doped with pulse valve introduction of the manganese decacarbonyl (100 ms on, 100 ms off). The film was then characterized ex situ with IR reflectance microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy imaging, cathodoluminescence, and X-ray fluore

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Qachaou, Y., O. Daoudi, I. Jellal, et al. "Impact of different rinsing temperatures on SnS thin films created using the SILAR technique." Chalcogenide Letters 21, no. 7 (2024): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2024.217.557.

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The (SnS) thin films were prepared by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR), a versatile and simple method. The cationic and anionic solutions SnCl2.2H2O and Na2S.9H2O respectively were used as precursor materials, which will be deposited on glass substrates to study the effect of rinsing temperature on the properties of our thin films. The structural, morphological, and optical properties were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and spectrophotometer. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated tha

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Smith, David J., Z. G. Li, S. C. Y. Tsen, P. Boher, and Ph Houdy. "Characterization of Ultrathin Multilayers for Applications in X-Ray Optics." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (1990): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100178859.

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Ultrathin multilayers have unique physical properties which are of great practical importance. Our interest here is in layer systems suitable for X-ray optical devices, in particular for X-ray mirrors. Optimization of device performance depends upon such factors as the layer uniformity (thickness and composition), interface roughness, and structural irregularities. Techniques such as Rutherford backscattering, X-ray diffraction and Auger profile analysis provide valuable structural information but averaged over comparatively large specimen regions. High-resolution electron microscopy has been

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Javed, Qurat Ul Ain, Feng Ping Wang, M. Yasir Rafique, and M. Zubair Iqbal. "Phase Sensitive Behavior and Optical Properties of Cu_0.45Mn_0.55O₂ Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.110.

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In this work, we have reported a facile approach to fabricate the new Cu0.45Mn0.55O2 nanoparticles with novel properties. The detailed characteristic of the nanoparticles have been performed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and UV-visible spectroscopy. HRTEM and SAED measurements point out that the nanoparticles are phase sensitive during exposure to electron beam irradiation and under

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Sagadevan, Suresh. "Investigations on Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Bi₂WO₆ Nanoparticles." Nano Hybrids 9 (November 2015): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nh.9.24.

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Bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted method. The prepared nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy and dielectric studies. The formation of Bi2WO6nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of Bi2WO6nanoparticle was characterized using scanning electron microscopy SEM. The optical properties were studied by the UV-Visible absorption spectrum. The dielectric properties of Bi2WO6nanoparticles were studied. The activation energy was calculat

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Moharram, A. H. "Preparation and characterization of cobalt and copper oxide nanocrystals." Materials Science-Poland 37, no. 3 (2019): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2019-0048.

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AbstractCopper oxide and cobalt oxide (Co3O4, CuO) nanocrystals (NCs) have been successfully prepared using microwave irradiation. The obtained powders of the nanocrystals (NCs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results confirm the presence of both nanooxides which have been produced during chemical precipitation using microwave irradiation. TEM micrographs have shown that the obtained nanocrystals are characterized by high dispersion and narrow size d

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Chen, Chuan Sheng, Tian Gui Liu, Liang Wu Lin, Xi Li Xie, Zhen Wu Ning, and Xiao Hua Chen. "Preparation and Optical Property of Mn-Doped ZnO Nanorods." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.643.

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Mn-doped ZnO (Zn0.97Mn0.03O) nanorods were synthesized by sol-gel method combined with subsequent heat treatment. The structure and optical property of Mn-doped ZnO nanorods were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence. The results of electron microscopes illuminate that the Zn0.97Mn0.03O nanorods are prepared at calcinations of 450 under the protection of nitrogen. The Zn0.97Mn0.03O nanorods are composed of small particles of size 20–30 nm. Fluorescence spectra of Zn0.97Mn0.03O nanorods exhibit that there

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Mishra, Neeraj K., Chaitnaya Kumar, Amit Kumar, Manish Kumar, Pratibha Chaudhary, and Rajeev Singh. "Structural and optical properties of SnO2–Al2O3 nanocomposite synthesized via sol-gel route." Materials Science-Poland 33, no. 4 (2015): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2015-0101.

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AbstractA nanocomposite of 0.5SnO2–0.5Al2O3 has been synthesized using a sol-gel route. Structural and optical properties of the nanocomposite have been discussed in detail. Powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction spectroscopy confirm the phase purity and the particle size of the 0.5SnO2–0.5Al2O3 nanocomposite (13 to 15 nm). The scanning electron microscopy also confirms the porosity in the sample, useful in sensing applications. The FT-IR analysis confirms the presence of physical interaction between SnO2 and Al2O3 due to the slight s

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Meneses-Franco, A., A. E. Fierro-Armijo, P. Romero-Hasler, L. G. Salamanca-Riba, L. J. Martínez-Miranda, and E. A. Soto-Bustamante. "Smectogenic liquid crystals and nanoparticles: an approach for potential application in photovoltaics." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 33 (2015): 8566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc00482a.

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We synthesized monomeric liquid crystals, M6R8 and I6R8, and nanoparticles of TiO<sub>2</sub>, to form a nanocomposite, which was characterized by polarized optical microscopy (POM), DSC and structurally with both wide angle X-ray diffraction and by X-ray scattering using the planar geometry.

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Caro, Liberato De, Cinzia Giannini, Alessia Cedola, Stefano Lagomarsino, and Inna Bukreeva. "X-ray point- and line-projection microscopy and diffraction." Optics Communications 265, no. 1 (2006): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.02.048.

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VIJAYALAKSHMI, R., and V. RAJENDRAN. "IMPACT OF SURFACTANTS ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BaTiO3 NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Nanoscience 12, no. 01 (2013): 1350003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x13500038.

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Nanocrystalline BaTiO3 particles of about 20–35 nm have been successfully synthesized by using cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) via hydrothermal method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The average particle size, measured by powder X-ray diffraction was determined to be 20–35 nm and was confirmed by trans

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CHAKRABORTY, PURUSHOTTAM. "LAYERED SYNTHETIC MICROSTRUCTURES AS OPTICAL ELEMENTS FOR THE EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET AND SOFT X-RAYS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 05, no. 13 (1991): 2133–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979291000845.

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In recent years, the availability of intense continuous radiation sources, such as electron synchrotrons and laser-induced hot plasmas, has given rise to a renewed interest in soft x-ray and x-uv reflectivity measurements. Such studies were, for a long time, hindered because of mainly two reasons. First, it was really difficult to generate soft x-rays in the laboratories and second, there was no possibility for practical implementation and design of optical systems, such as focusing elements, mirrors, etc. associated with that particular wavelength region. Soft x-rays, with wavelength range us

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M. Jassim, Nadia. "Synthesis and Optical Properties of CdSxSe1-x Semiconductor Nanomaterials by Chemical Vapor Deposition Method." DJES 12, no. 3 (2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2019.12307.

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Highly pure and crystalline CdSxSe1 -x nanostructures have been successfully synthesized via Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method, changing the components of x, in order to adjust the band gap of materials, and the relationship with the lattice constant. Using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to characterize the phase structures and elemental compositions of the samples, and using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) to observe the surface morphology of CdSxSe1 -x nanomaterials and confirm the VLS growth mechanism. Using the High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and

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Vekshyn, Vitalii, Volodymyr Koloskov, Hanna Koloskova, and Olexandr Sincheskul. "Preparation Method of a Metal Carrier for a Catalyst for the Recovery of Exhaust Gases from Nitrogen Oxides." Solid State Phenomena 364 (September 25, 2024): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3smhgf.

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The article shows the process of preparing an oxide layer on the surface of titanium for use in industrial catalysis. Data from physical and chemical studies are presented, namely microhardness, porosity, thickness, specific surface area, adhesion and thermal stability of the active layer.To determine the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting oxide layer, the following analysis methods were used: X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray diffraction phase analysis (XPA), X-ray absorption analysis (XRA), and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The thickness of the oxide layer depending on the

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Ibrahim, I. H., and W. Haase. "Thermal and X-Ray Studies of 1,6-Bis-[4-(trans-4-n-propylcyclohexyl) phenyl]-hexane and 3,5-Bis-[4-(trans-4-n-propylcyclohexyl) phenyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 42, no. 7 (1987): 774–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1987-0719.

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The liquid crystalline phases of the title compounds have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and X -ray diffraction methods. Transition temperatures and transition enthalpies of these compounds have been determined. The diffraction photographs in the nematic phase of the first compound showed diffraction patterns corresponding to two coexisting mass density fluctuations with commensurate wavelengths, whereas a single diffraction pattern was observed in the nematic phase of the second compound. The thermal and X -ray data showed that the first compound ha

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Schroer, Christian G., Peter Cloetens, Mark Rivers, Anatoly Snigirev, Akahisa Takeuchi, and Wenbing Yun. "High-Resolution 3D Imaging Microscopy Using Hard X-Rays." MRS Bulletin 29, no. 3 (2004): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.53.

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AbstractThe key strength of hard x-ray full-field microscopy is the large penetration depth of hard x-rays into matter, which allows one to image the interior of opaque objects. Combined with tomographic techniques, the three-dimensional inner structure of an object can be reconstructed without the need for difficult and destructive sample preparation. Projection microscopy and microtomography are now routinely available at synchrotron radiation sources. The resolution of these techniques is limited by that of the detector to 1 µm or slightly less. X-ray images and tomograms at higher spatial

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Jiang, Mang, Jun Hong Duan, and Zhiang Liu. "Heteroe-Pitaxial Growth and Optical Properties of SnO₂ Nanowires on ZnS Nanobelts." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.481.

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The authors present the results of hetero-epitaxial growth of ultrafine SnO2nanowires on ZnS nanobelt substrates by a simple thermal evaporation method. ZnS/SnO2hetero-nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtain the morphology and structural information. Comparing with ZnS nanobelts and SnO2nanowires respectively, the optical properties of ZnS/SnO2hetero-nanostructures are studied by Raman scattering and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at room t

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LIANG, WEI, QIFA PAN, YIN HU, LIZHU LUO, KEZHAO LIU, and ZHENGJUN ZHANG. "AMORPHIZATION OF CERIUM MONONITRIDE DURING OXIDIZATION CHARACTERIZED BY OPTICAL MICROSCOPY, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 04 (2019): 1850180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18501809.

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Cerium mononitride (CeN) film was fabricated by dual ion beam sputtering deposition method on silicon wafer. The oxidization process of CeN film was monitored by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The results showed that, when the CeN film was exposed to ambient atmosphere, bubbles appeared on the film surface rapidly and then the surface flaked off to powders. Meanwhile, the CeN film changed from polycrystalline to amorphous. XPS analysis indicated that the CeN was oxidized to Ce2O3 ini

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Vázquez Acosta, F., Leticia M. Torres-Martínez, Lorena L. Garza-Tovar, A. Martínez-de la Cruz, and Wallter López González. "Mineralogical Characterization of Villa Reyes México Kaolin for Industrial Applications." Materials Science Forum 569 (January 2008): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.569.341.

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A kaolin obtained from a region near to San Luis Potosí (México) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (DRX), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermal analysis (DTA/TGA), and chemical analysis. Mineralogical and morphological characteristics of the mineral are presented. The kaolin sample was formed mainly by kaolinite, but other minor phases were also detected such as quartz, cristobalite, trydimite, and dolomite. For iron lixiviation process, concentrate HCl was employed. The high content of volcanic glass detected, evidenced by o

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Kassim, Anuar, Tan WeeTee, Dzulkefly Kuang Abdullah, et al. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON SULPHIDE THIN FILMS BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION METHOD." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (2010): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21473.

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FeS2 thin films have been deposited by using low cost chemical bath deposition technique. The films obtained under deposition parameters such as bath temperature (90 °C), deposition period (90 min), electrolyte concentration (0.15 M) and pH of the reactive mixture (pH 2.5). The thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy in order to study the structural and morphological properties. The band gap energy, transition type and absorption properties were determined using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. X-ray diffraction displayed a pattern consistent with the formati

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Chen, Lei Lei, Hong Mei Deng, Ke Zhi Zhang, et al. "Structural and Optical Properties of Cu₂MnSnS₄ Thin Film Fabricated by Sol-Gel Technique." Materials Science Forum 814 (March 2015): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.814.39.

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Cu2MnSnS4 thin film was successfully prepared by a sol-gel technique on soda lime glass substrate from metal salts and thiourea. The structural and morphological properties of the fabricated film were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The combination of the X-ray diffraction results and Raman spectroscopy reveal that this obtained layer is composed by Cu2MnSnS4 phase and has a stannite structure with preferential orientation along the (112) direction. The scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy res

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Li, Mao Hua, Xiao Fei Li, Wen Sheng Ran та Bo Yang. "The Optical Properties of β-Cyclodextrin-Assisted Synthesize Worm-Like Ag₂S by One Step Hydrothermal Method". Journal of Nano Research 53 (червень 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.53.7.

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The worm-like morphology of silver sulfide (Ag2S) was successfully prepared via hydrothermal reaction at 150°C by using silver nitrate (AgNO3) and thioacetamide(CH3CSNH2) as both the sliver sources and sulfur sources, β-cyclodextrin as the template agent, and water as the solvent. The worm-like of Ag2S are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersivex-ray (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SEAD). U

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Yaduvanshi, N., R. Pandey, and V. Khemchandani. "Gamma irradiation effects on Ag based ternary and quaternary chalcogenide films." Chalcogenide Letters 20, no. 5 (2023): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2023.205.325.

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In this work the effect of gamma irradiation (50 kGy and 100 kGy) on properties of InxSb20-x Ag10Se70 (x= 0,10,20) films has been discussed. X ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Optical properties and Electrical properties have been successfully studied. X Ray diffraction and TEM images reveal the amorphous nature of thin films. A change in the optical energy gap is observed after irradiation.The optical band gap increases accompanied with increase in tailing parameter.The value of N decreases with irradiation dose.It is found that crytallinity is higher for ternary system as c

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Du, Zhen Ni, Yong Cai Zhang, Zhi You Xu, and Ming Zhang. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hexagonal Phase Zn_1-XMn_xS (x = 0–0.05) Nanorods Using Single-Source Precursors." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.100.

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The synthesis of hexagonal phase Zn1-xMnxS (x = 0–0.05) nanorods was achieved by hydrothermal treatment of zinc manganese diethyldithiocarbamates (Zn1-xMnx-(DDTC)2, x=0–0.05) in 40 mass % hydrate hydrazine aqueous solution at 180 °C for 12 h. The structure, composition and optical property of the obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra.

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Geyfman, E. M., V. V. Chibirkin, G. Yu Kamentsev, N. A. Gartsev, N. M. Davydova, and B. P. Surin. "Complex Study of SiC Epitaxial Films." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.593.

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Madden, Jeremy T., Scott J. Toth, Christopher M. Dettmar, et al. "Integrated nonlinear optical imaging microscope for on-axis crystal detection and centering at a synchrotron beamline." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 20, no. 4 (2013): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049513007942.

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Nonlinear optical (NLO) instrumentation has been integrated with synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) for combined single-platform analysis, initially targeting applications for automated crystal centering. Second-harmonic-generation microscopy and two-photon-excited ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy were evaluated for crystal detection and assessed by X-ray raster scanning. Two optical designs were constructed and characterized; one positioned downstream of the sample and one integrated into the upstream optical path of the diffractometer. Both instruments enabled protein crystal identificat

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Kavi Rasu, K., Dhandapani Vishnushankar, and V. Veeravazhuthi. "Optical and Structural Properties of PVP/Bi₂S₃ Nanoparticles by Chemical Method." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.248.

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Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) and Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) encapsulated Bi2S3 Nanoparticles are synthesized from aqueous solutions at room temperature. Synthesized samples are subjected to UV-Visible Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and FT-IR studies and their results are compared. X-ray diffraction spectrum reveals the crystalline nature of the synthesized samples. Grain size value of PVP/ Bi2S3 nanoparticles show a decrease when compared to Bi2S3 nanoparticles and this en

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Tian, Cai Juan, Rong Zhe Tang, Song Bai Hu, et al. "Comparative Studies of CdZnS Thin Films at Low Zinc Content Prepared by Vacuum Evaporation and CBD." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.784.

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Cd1−xZnxS thin films at low Zn content were prepared both by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and vacuum co-evaporation. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were performed to determine the composition of the films, while the structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). As a probable window layer, the optical band gaps of Cd1−xZnxS thin films prepared by the dry and wet process were calculated. Finally, the surface morphologies of the thin films were survey by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

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Chaus, Alexander S., and Matej Beznák. "Diffusion and Transformation of Eutectic Carbides in High-Speed Steels during Heat Treatment." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.273.

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The structure and phase composition of high-speed steels of different grades after casting, annealing, and subsequent final heat treatment (quenching and tempering) have been studied focusing on diffusion processes. In order to investigate kinetics of both the structure and phase transformations in eutectic carbides upon heat treatments, different techniques of optical microscopy, electron microscopy (both scanning and transmission ones), X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis have been used.

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Sonmez, Erdal, Serdar Aydin, Mehmet Yilmaz, Mustafa Tolga Yurtcan, Tevhit Karacali, and Mehmet Ertugrul. "Study of Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Rods Grown on Glasses by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/950793.

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We have investigated morphological and optical properties of zinc oxide rods. Highly structured ZnO layers comprising with well-shaped hexagonal rods were prepared by spray pyrolysis deposition of zinc chloride aqueous solutions at ~550∘C. The rods were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence, and ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy measurements. The deposition of the 0.1 mol/L solution at ~550∘C resulted in crystals with a diameter of 400–1000 nm and length of 500–2000 nm. Sharp near-band edge emission peaks, cen

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ZHANG, LEI, JUN-SEN DAI, LIN LIAN, and YIN LIU. "MICROWAVE-ASSISTED HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS, OPTICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AgBi(MoO4)2 NANOSPHERES." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 02 (2013): 1350011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713500112.

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In this paper, we report the successful synthesis of novel AgBi(MoO4)2 nanospheres via a simple, rapid and reliable microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach, employing AgNO3 , Bi(NO3)3 ⋅ 5H2O and Na2MoO4 ⋅ 2H2O as starting materials. The phases and morphologies of the products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical property of the product gives the value of optical absorption e

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Bagihalli, Gangadhar B., Shrishila N. Unki та Vinayak Adimule. "Synthesis, Structural and Optical Properties of Co Doped α-Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposites". Advanced Materials Research 1173 (25 серпня 2022): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6jw1f6.

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Present study reports the Synthesis, optical study of cobalt doped antimony based nanocomposites, which have been prepared by using CoCl3 (0.1M) and SbCl3 (0.1M) in 1:2 ration. The as-synthesized nanocomposites (NS) were analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy) and UV-Visible spectroscopy The prepared Co:α-Sb2O4 NS are well crystalline with average particle size of 35 to 56 nm. From XRD data X-ray diffraction patterns confirms the orthorhombic phase. From scanning electron microscopy study it shows irregular shape of nanoparticles and crystallinity i

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Birdeanu, Mihaela, Mirela Vaida, and Eugenia Fagadar-Cosma. "The Optical Properties of Crystalline Zn3Nb2O8Nanomaterials Obtained by Hydrothermal Method." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/752089.

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The present study is focused on the obtaining of the Zn3Nb2O8nanomaterial using the hydrothermal method and its characterization through different techniques. X-ray diffraction at room temperature revealed that a novel crystalline form of the nanomaterial forms at 1100°C belonging to monoclinic space group C2/c. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy evidenced the columnar morphology of the particle’s agglomeration and the high resolution electron transmission microscopy confirms the measured interplanar distances calculated from the X-ray diffraction experiments. Using the UV-VIS spectru

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Iacob, Gheorghe, Valeriu-Gabriel Ghica, Florentina Niculescu, Mircea-Ionuţ Petrescu, and Ana Vasile. "Processing and Characterization of Spent Nickel–Metal Hydride Type AA Batteries to Recover Valuable Materials (Cobalt, Nickel and Rare Earth Elements)." Materials 17, no. 19 (2024): 4908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17194908.

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The experimental research was focused on the investigation of valuable material from spent Ni-MH type AA batteries, namely the metal grid anodes and the black mass material (anode and cathode powder). The materials of interest were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The analyzed grids have a high Fe content, but some of them correspond to the Invar

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