Дисертації з теми "Housing Exclusion"
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1
Del, Duca Livia. "Residual People, Residual Spaces : Framing Roma (Social) Housing Exclusion in Light of the Housing Regime." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43637.
Анотація:
Italy is the only country in Europe that has institutionalized a completely parallel and segregating housing system - the camp system for Roma people. These camps were created purely based on an elusive nomadic character innate to the population. Over the decades, with further migratory flows of Roma people reaching the country, conditions have only worsened, developing a system so much tethered to the Italian society that the country has even been renamed ‘Campland’. Over time, this same exclusion has been problematized, resulting in the criminalisation of Roma people, at the same time bringing to light the exceptionality of their living conditions. The first part of this study is devoted to understanding the process of discursive legitimization of said exclusion. The approach, inspired by a Foucaldian understanding, involved also grasping the dialectical relationship between discourse and social structures (Fairclough, 1992) - in this sense, it entailed situating it outside its boundaries of exceptionality and inside the broader context of wider housing exclusion affecting Italy. The aim of this thesis was thus to reconstruct both the specific condition of Roma exclusion, and the structural inequalities innate to the Italian housing regime which enabled its development. The concept of social exclusion (Levitas et al, 2007) is implemented in the study first as a way to understand the overall condition faced by Roma people, and as a way to bring forward reflections on the role of housing as one of its fundamental dimensions. The study illustrates how the implementation of the camps and its relative discourse were enabled by the constant retreat of the State from the provision of housing, and how the current institutional incapacity to solve the Roma Question is directly connected to the inability to answer the housing needs of wider segments of the population. The only proposed institutional responses, in both cases, are only ‘filler’ solutions embedded in ideas of temporality, thus failing to address the underlying problem: the structural shortage of public housing.
2
Jiménez, Cavieres Fernando. "Chilean housing policy a case of social and spatial exclusion." Berlin Münster Lit, 2005. http://d-nb.info/986463930/04.
3
Anderson, Isobel. "Understanding single homelessness : the value of the concept of social exclusion." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2477/.
4
Dixon, Laura Anne. "The evolution of multi-tenure estates in the British housing system." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2000. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19564/.
Анотація:
Towards the end of the twentieth century academic debates in social policy have increasingly focused on social exclusion. Housing, especially housing tenure, has become of central concern to policymakers, planners and academics alike when contemplating mechanisms for the alleviation of social exclusion at the local level. In particular, the development of multi-tenure housing estates have been seen as strategy for tackling the detachment of local neighbourhoods from the mainstream by the current Labour Administration and its advisors (see Urban Task Force Report, 1999).The research, using both quantitative and qualitative methods, undertaken in this thesis predates the current enthusiasm for such developments and attempts to trace the evolution of the multi-tenure housing estate in the British housing system. It highlights both the potential possibilities and limitations of multi-tenure estates, and housing tenure, as a tool for aiding social inclusion. It finds that these estates marginally influence the social networks and behaviour of its residents, but fail to significantly alter the stigma attached to social housing. Therefore, indicating that the geographical proximity of different tenures does not necessarily lead to integration. It cautions against the belief that these estates will 'solve' the problem of social exclusion, but rather should be seen as one of many measures at the Government's disposal.
5
Edo, Jasmine L. "Public Housing in the United States: Using Sustainable Urbanism to Combat Social Exclusion." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/28.
Анотація:
The United States government has taken steps to assure underprivileged citizens housing in the form of public housing through the Department of Housing and Urban Development, as well as various humanitarian programs in the form of homeless shelters. Yet, all housing is not equal. Our freedom to choose where we live and what type of house we live in is one revered aspect of life as a United States citizen. We can express our individuality, creativity, and personality through the architectural style of our homes. In this sense it is hard to ask for equal housing. I am suggesting that equality comes from adequate access to social participation, social integration, and power, in other words social inclusion. (Room, 7) Investigating and correcting the causes of social exclusion in order to create social inclusion is necessary in order to ascertain equality of housing in America.
Sir Winston Churchill once said, “We shape our buildings and afterward our buildings shape us.” (Gieryn, 35) But what happens when you do not have power over the shaping of your own building? Is your building still a reflection of yourself? And if we allow building to include the environment in which your home is located, what if previous use of the land left it degraded? Will the degradation shape you?
My thesis considers the question: does the environmental quality and architectural style of public housing in the United States facilitate the social exclusion of these communities? If so, what best practices can we take away from models that have been successful at combatting social exclusion? By answering these questions I strive to develop a proposal to right this currently unjust situation.
6
Arthurson, Kathy. "Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha791.pdf.
7
Bulpett, Carol. "Regimes of exclusion : a comparison of the plural provision of social housing in Hamburg and Southampton." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313168.
8
Williams, Jonathan. "A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of Social Housing Residents in Relation to their Digital Exclusion." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30046.
Анотація:
There is no more significant threat to a prosperous South Africa than the persistent socioeconomic exclusion and continuous spatial segregation of South African society. Social housing and digital inclusion both play a critical role as inclusionary interventions for the socioeconomic advancement of the previously disenfranchised and the reintegration of apartheid-era segregated communities. Access to ICTs provides marginalised communities with platforms and tools to amplify their voices, gain access to information and reaffirm their citizenship, thereby allowing for more vigorous participation in the national discourse.
“The goal of ICTs is not to necessarily solve the digital divide but rather to further the process of social inclusion.” (Warschauer, 2003)
Furthermore, these technological platforms provide access to life chances, capital enhancing activities, information and the possibility of building networks outside of individuals’ modest social networks. This study seeks to understand how digital exclusion influences the experience of overall inclusion in South African social housing. This dissertation is a qualitative study employing a mixture of phenomenological and ethnographic methods to document and make sense of the lived experiences of participants in relation to their exclusion. The study uses of semi-structured interviews, focus groups and surveys to explore participants’ adaptation and integration into local formal institutions and the host community of Blue View Terraces, a mostly white, middle-income neighbourhood located in Cape Town. The study discovered the coexistence of many different and competing forms of exclusion. Firstly, a key finding during the process of residential desegregation or spatial inclusion was participants’ pervasive experiences of power dynamics. These power dynamics manifested as discrimination and marginalisation that was partly caused by the absence of relocation support, public awareness programs about social housing and a failure by the social housing institution to adequately address more forms of inclusion than just spatial. Secondly, the findings showed the design of the housing development to be hopelessly inadequate to support newcomers’ actual lives. Necessary infrastructure was omitted in favour of a lower build cost. This led to a higher cost of living that is unaffordable for social housing residents and negates the benefits of lower cost rental accommodation. Lastly, findings showed that digital exclusion negatively influences the adjustment of low-socioeconomic status children into high-socioeconomic schools and leads to forced assimilation when learners come into daily contact with schools in their locality. The findings signify that social and economic inclusion efforts and even building projects can and should not be considered in isolation. Each form of exclusion competes with another, often exacerbating its effects. Also, of significance is the default approach to integration in South African schools of assimilation rather than multiculturalism. The outcomes of this study highlight the importance of considering multiple forms of exclusion together rather than in isolation, especially in the context of social inclusion projects.
9
Williams, Jonathan. "A phenomenological study of the lived experiences of social housing residents in relation to their digital exclusion." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32314.
Анотація:
There is no more significant threat to a prosperous South Africa than the persistent socioeconomic exclusion and continuous spatial segregation of South African society. Social housing and digital inclusion both play a critical role as inclusionary interventions for the socioeconomic advancement of the previously disenfranchised and the reintegration of apartheid-era segregated communities. Access to ICTs provides marginalised communities with platforms and tools to amplify their voices, gain access to information and reaffirm their citizenship, thereby allowing for more vigorous participation in the national discourse. “The goal of ICTs is not to necessarily solve the digital divide but rather to further the process of social inclusion.” (Warschauer, 2003) Furthermore, these technological platforms provide access to life chances, capital enhancing activities, information and the possibility of building networks outside of individuals' modest social networks. This study seeks to understand how digital exclusion influences the experience of overall inclusion in South African social housing. This dissertation is a qualitative study employing a mixture of phenomenological and ethnographic methods to document and make sense of the lived experiences of participants in relation to their exclusion. The study uses of semi-structured interviews, focus groups and surveys to explore participants' adaptation and integration into local formal institutions and the host community of Blue View Terraces, a mostly white, middle-income neighbourhood located in Cape Town. The study discovered the coexistence of many different and competing forms of exclusion. Firstly, a key finding during the process of residential desegregation or spatial inclusion was participants' pervasive experiences of power dynamics. These power dynamics manifested as discrimination and marginalisation that was partly caused by the absence of relocation support, public awareness programs about social housing and a failure by the social housing institution to adequately address more forms of inclusion than just spatial. Secondly, the findings showed the design of the housing development to be hopelessly inadequate to support newcomers' actual lives. Necessary infrastructure was omitted in favour of a lower build cost. This led to a higher cost of living that is unaffordable for social housing residents and negates the benefits of lower cost rental accommodation. Lastly, findings showed that digital exclusion negatively influences the adjustment of low-socioeconomic status children into high-socioeconomic schools and leads to forced assimilation when learners come into daily contact with schools in their locality. The findings signify that social and economic inclusion efforts and even building projects can and should not be considered in isolation. Each form of exclusion competes with another, often exacerbating its effects. Also, of significance is the default approach to integration in South African schools of assimilation rather than multiculturalism. The outcomes of this study highlight the importance of considering multiple forms of exclusion together rather than in isolation, especially in the context of social inclusion projects.
10
Ndjembela, Toivo Djeiko. "The impact of exclusion of the urban ultra-poor from public housing on the lives of those excluded." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31102.
Анотація:
Namibia has experienced an upward growth of informal settlements since independence. Such settlements have become an integral part of urban areas in the country, a situation that begs for, first, acceptance of this reality and, second, action to mitigate challenges that are generally associated with living in such areas. Due to such challenges, which include high rates of poverty as a result unemployment among slum dwellers, informal settlements have become the glaring face of social exclusion in Namibia. In order to arrest this exclusion, planners and policymakers need to find ways of upgrading these settlements so that the residents’ quality of life is incrementally enhanced. This paper is an outcome of a study conducted in five informal settlements in Windhoek, with a deliberate focus on access - or lack thereof - to basic services and infrastructure. Having highlighted the level of exclusion in those informal areas, this paper recommends that instead of re-inventing the wheel, government must embark of a sustained deliberate exercise to upgrade the existing informal settlements instead of demolishing or eradicating them. Policymakers are urged in this study to accept that people, out of desperation fed by social factors, would continue to occupy land illegally. Policymakers must thus find ways to amicably regulate these invasions. This would help attain a degree of inclusivity and compliance with the Constitutional requirement of ensuring dignity for everyone in the country.
11
Hejduk, Radim. "Sociální bydlení -porovnání Koncepce sociálního bydlení České republiky 2015-2025 a rakouského sociálního modelu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262026.
Анотація:
The thesis is focused on social housing - public policy, that is applied in many countries of the EU. Czech Republic is currently trying its implementation. Due to rising household's costs of housing, rising expenses on demand-oriented housing policy in form of housing benefits and difficult to solve social exclusion, social housing appears to be one of the more accessible ways of solution. The goal of the thesis is at first to analyze and evaluate known forms of social housing and its application from the economic perspective, then to form reccomendations for the Conception of Social Housing for the Czech Republic in the period 2015-2025 using comparison to already-existing Austrian model. This text answers the main research question how does functioning model of social housing look like and what are the economic impacts of it on households.
12
Kang, Tae Suk. "The existence and causes of social exclusion on public rental housing estates in South Korea : the universalism of the undeserving poor." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5641/.
Анотація:
Since the 1980s, areas of public rental housing in South Korea have emerged as one of the targets of housing policy. The Korean government has developed public rental housing policy with the goal of contributing to social integration through providing the poor with decent and affordable accommodations. However, since the 2000s, there has been a growing concern that public rental housing estates have become stigmatised and isolated from the outside at a local level. The phenomenon of 'conflict' between public rental housing estates and local people not living on public rental housing estates has been debated under the term 'social exclusion' not only by Korean academia but also the government. This research maintains that a specific type of public rental housing estate is labelled as the neighbourhood for the undeserving poor by non-residents of the estates, who refuse to socialise with the estate residents. Drawing on available models to explain the social downgrading of neighbourhoods, this study concludes that social exclusion on public rental housing estates in South Korea is caused by a combination of the 'concentration effect' on the estates and the Korean welfare state oriented towards the principle of selectivity through 'targeting' in social provisioning.
13
Ilori, Oluwakemi A. "Social Capital and Community Cohesion. The Role of Social Housing in Building Cohesive Communities." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5655.
Анотація:
Despite its imprecision, social capital is a powerful tool for examining how and why particular forms of social interaction lead to the health and well-being of communities, organisations, and even businesses. Community cohesion as a policy prescription emerged in the UK, following the social disturbances in certain northern cities and towns in the summer of 2001. The official reports into these disturbances identified lack of social interaction between different ethnic groups as a principal cause. Furthermore, social housing was seen as a key factor that could be used to prevent future disturbances. Accordingly, this research focuses on how the assets and forms of social capital act as good predictors of community cohesion, in the context of the New Labour government¿s aim to use social housing to build cohesive communities. Unless otherwise specified, references to ¿the government¿ throughout this thesis apply to the New Labour administration that came to power in the UK on 2nd May 1997 and ended with the Coalition administration led by the Conservatives on 11th May 2010. This thesis makes use of the linearity between the goals of social capital and the policy aims of community cohesion to match forms of social capital to specific forms of social interaction, in six selected social housing schemes in Bradford. Bradford was one of the cities affected by the disturbances in 2001. Analysis of the forms of social interaction in the case study housing schemes shows that bridging and linking forms of social capital, which could lead to enduring cohesive communities, were mainly latent in the schemes. This suggests that the peaceful co-existence in the case study housing schemes today is, possibly, postponed social conflict in the long term.
14
Ilori, Oluwakemi Atanda. "Social capital and community cohesion : the role of social housing in building cohesive communities." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5655.
Анотація:
Despite its imprecision, social capital is a powerful tool for examining how and why particular forms of social interaction lead to the health and well-being of communities, organisations, and even businesses. Community cohesion as a policy prescription emerged in the UK, following the social disturbances in certain northern cities and towns in the summer of 2001. The official reports into these disturbances identified lack of social interaction between different ethnic groups as a principal cause. Furthermore, social housing was seen as a key factor that could be used to prevent future disturbances. Accordingly, this research focuses on how the assets and forms of social capital act as good predictors of community cohesion, in the context of the New Labour government's aim to use social housing to build cohesive communities. Unless otherwise specified, references to 'the government' throughout this thesis apply to the New Labour administration that came to power in the UK on 2nd May 1997 and ended with the Coalition administration led by the Conservatives on 11th May 2010. This thesis makes use of the linearity between the goals of social capital and the policy aims of community cohesion to match forms of social capital to specific forms of social interaction, in six selected social housing schemes in Bradford. Bradford was one of the cities affected by the disturbances in 2001. Analysis of the forms of social interaction in the case study housing schemes shows that bridging and linking forms of social capital, which could lead to enduring cohesive communities, were mainly latent in the schemes. This suggests that the peaceful co-existence in the case study housing schemes today is, possibly, postponed social conflict in the long term.
15
Patatouka, Eleni. "Étude des mutations sociospatiales, système financier et marché immobilier en Grèce : tendances de financiarisation du système du logement à Athènes au cours des années 2000." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080026/document.
Анотація:
La présente thèse concerne les mutations sociospatiales introduites par des tendances de financiarisation du système du logement grec au cours des deux dernières décennies. Comment les processus mondiaux de financiarisation se sont-ils accommodés à un contexte local pour développer leur version grecque ? Le but de notre travail est de mettre en lumière la transformation d’une économie autofinancée et basée sur les réseaux familiaux en marché hypothécaire. Notre hypothèse est que ces bouleversements du financement de la fabrique résidentielle, c’est-à-dire l’apparition de la finance comme un « nouvel acteur » sur les circuits de production du logement, vont de pair avec des dynamiques de précarisation du logement et des nouvelles géographies sociospatiales.Dans les années d’après-guerre, Athènes, ville méditerranéenne et périphérique de l’Europe du Sud, est caractérisée par une forte mobilité sociale, sur laquelle les circuits de production du logement ont fonctionné comme un «ascenseur social ». Depuis le début des années 1990, Athènes doit faire face à la fois à un nouveau contexte et à la persistance des structures préexistantes. C’est la première période d’un véritable développement du crédit au logement en Grèce qui fait notablement augmenté les prix des logements. L’analyse quantitative et qualitative, le cas d’étude ainsi que les entretiens semi-directifs mettent en valeur de nouveaux acteurs, représentations et pratiques, mais aussi de tendances de l’exclusion bancaire. Cette étude souligne l’importance de l’aspect géographique ainsi que le rôle signifiant de réseaux familiaux, de l’échelle du quartier et de la vie quotidienne dans l’analyse de la finance ainsi que l’interdépendance entre système financier et l’économie informelleThe present thesis concerns the sociospatial mutations produced by the financialization trends of the Greek housing system in the past two decades. How are the global processes of financialization accommodated in a local context in order to generate a Greek version of financialization? Aim of the thesis is to shed light on the transformation of a self-financing economy, based on family networks to a mortgage market. The hypothesis is that these changes in the field of financing the residential urban fabric, or the emergence of finance as a "new actor" on housing production circuits, are associated with the precarization of housing and new sociospatial geographies.During the postwar decades, Athens, a Mediterranean city and, at the same time, a south European peripheral urban center, is characterized by strong social mobility, when housing production circuits functioned as a “social elevator”. Since the early 1990s, Athens is facing both new challenges and the persistence of pre-existing structures. It is the first time of a crucial expansion of housing credit in Greece, when housing prices have significantly increased. The quantitative and qualitative analysis, the case study and the semi-structured interviews highlight new actors, their actions, representations and practices as well as tendencies of financial exclusion. This study highlights the importance of the geography as well as the significant role of family networks, the scale of neighborhood and everyday life in analyzing finance and the interconnections of the financial system with the informal economy
16
Fèvre, Eric. "Handicap psychique et exclusion sociale : Place des phénomènes cliniques et psychopathologique dans les risques d’expulsion d’un logement." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0047/document.
Анотація:
Le handicap psychique est une expression française qui s’est imposée récemment, mais qui fait l’objet de diverses acceptions. Nous le situons dans le contexte très large des vulnérabilités et dans celui plus restreint des situations de handicap. Alors qu’il est communément admis que le handicap psychique est une conséquence sociale d’une maladie mentale, nous montrons que des personnes sont en situation de handicap d’origine psychique (shop) alors qu’elles n’ont aucune pathologie mentale avérée et qu’elles ne suivent aucun traitement psychiatrique. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur l’expérience d’un dispositif appelé Médiation logement ; dans ce contexte, des psychologues cliniciens vont au-devant de personnes recluses dans leur logement, ou qui manifestent des troubles du comportement ou du voisinage, et qui n’ont aucun antécédent psychiatrique. Nous montrons qu’il s’agit bien de personnes en situation de handicap d’origine psychique (peshop). Cela nous conduit à donner une nouvelle définition du handicap psychique. Puis nous proposons une grille de lecture clinique qui permettrait qu’une équipe mobile puisse faire un diagnostic précoce d’un syndrome incapacitant discret d’origine psychique (sidop) qui se révèle chez une personne ayant une fragilité singulière au moment où elle est confrontée à un évènement traumatique personnel et/ou socialThe handicap psychique (psychological handicap) is a French expression which has imposed itself recently. It is the subject of various meanings. We place it in the very broad context of vulnerabilities and in the more restricted situations of handicap. While it is commonly accepted that psychological handicap is a social consequence of a mental disease, we show that people with handicap of psychological origin (HOPO) have no proven mental disorder and do not undergo any psychiatric treatment. We rely on the experience of a plan called Médiation logement. In this “Housing mediation” clinical psychologists meet people who are reclusive in their homes, or who exhibit behaviour or neighbourhood disturbances. Those people have no psychiatric history and we show that they share a common feature: a discrete incapacitating syndrome of psychological origin (DISOPO). This leads us to give a new definition of psychological handicap. Then we propose a clinical reading tool that would allow a team to make an early diagnosis of this DISOPO that appears in a person with a singular fragility when faced with personal and / or social traumatic of stressful event
17
Atik, Mohamed. "L'habitat insalubre dans le Grand Agadir (Maroc)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0021.
Анотація:
L'habitat précaire dans le Grand Agadir a un caractère original, car il s'agit d'une ville entièrement neuve reconstruite sur une stratégie moderniste et volontariste après le séisme de 1960. L'évolution particulière de l'aire urbaine durant ces dernières décennies s'est traduite par un développement rapide de l'ensemble de ses centres enregistrant les taux d'accroissement les plus élevés du Maroc. Cette croissance exceptionnelle a engendré de nombreux problèmes dont le plus préoccupant est la prolifération des bidonvilles et des quartiers d'habitat clandestin. Actuellement, près d'un ménage sur cinq du Grand Agadir vit encore dans ces deux formes d'habitat. Le RGPH (2004) recense 10 331 baraques, abritant près de 18,3% de la population urbaine et 27 quartiers clandestins d'une superficie totale de 2539 hectares sur lesquels résident 36 966 ménages, soit environ 184 000 habitants. L'évolution de ces quartiers montre que les habitants s'y sont investis à la fois financièrement et affectivement. Loin d'être des lieux provisoires en marge des villes, ces quartiers constituent au contraire des parties non intégrées de l'urbain, comme en témoigne leur organisation spatiale et sociale et leur exclusion de tous les éléments de confort et d'intégration urbains (infrastructures, équipements socio-économiques). La particularité de ce phénomène réside dans le fait qu'il reprend les mêmes matériaux et les mêmes techniques de construction, mais se caractérise par la variété des couches sociales qui y résident et des typologies architecturales et urbanistiques. Les quartiers insalubres ont au moins deux points communs qui suffisent à les définir : d'une part, ce sont des "quartiers" de ville, des morceaux d'un espace dans lequel ils s'insèrent et, d'autre part, ils sont en bas de la hiérarchie urbaine : moins équipés, moins riches, moins attractifs. Ils cumulent les risques, l'exclusion, la marginalité et la pauvreté extrême. Ils représentent aussi un lei de tension et de résistance à toute tentative d'intégration et de régularisation par les pouvoirs publics. Ils se caractérisent aussi par leur dynamique ; ils s'imposent en effet, comme une composante active de la société urbaine. La population des quartiers insalubres produit un certain nombre de biens et de services consommés par la population de la ville formelle. Ces quartiers précaires produisent leurs propres équipements et participent dans la mesure de leurs possibilités à alimenter les caisses de l'État et des collectivités. Sans logis, sans emploi, sans sociabilité, les habitants sont aussi "sans voix", sans participation à la décision ou absents des politiques sociales de relogement. La "résorption" de l'habitat insalubre a toujours constitué une préoccupation pour l'État qui met tous ses moyens pour que cette forme d'habitation disparaisse de la ville. Ces gens souhaitent également un logement digne et une stratégie de RHI qui prend en considération leur mode de vie et leur situation sociale et économique. Ce travail de recherche analyse la problématique de l'habitat insalubre, dans ses aspects social, urbain et politique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons essayé de savoir comment les bidonvilles et l'habitat clandestin se sont développés en parallèle à la reconstruction. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié la structure interne des quartiers insalubres et illégaux en terme urbanistiques, sociaux et économiques, ainsi que les relations avec le reste de la ville, pour mesurer leur urbanité et leur intégration à celle-ci. A la fin de ce travail, nous avons analysé la politique de RHI dans ses stratégies et ses défauts, mais aussi les relations des habitants avec les pouvoirs publicsThis research analyzes the problems of slums in its social aspect, and Urban Policy. Initially, we tried to find out how slums and illegal housing were developed in parallel with the reconstruction of the recent urban space. In a second step, we studied the internal structure of slums and illegal in terms of urban, social and economic, as well as relations with the rest of the city to measure their urbanity and integration thereof. At the end of this work, we analyzed the policy of RHI in its strategies and its defects, but also relations between the inhabitants and public authorities. The value of squatter settlements in Grater Agadir is original because it is an entirely new city was rebuilt on a modern strategy ansd proactive after the earthquake of 1960. The particular evolution of the urban area of this town in recent decades has resulted in rapid development of all its centers registering growth rates the highest in Morocco. This exceptional growth has created many problems in urban development with more concern are the proliferation of slums and illegal housing. Currently, nearly one in five households Greater Agadir still lives in these two types of habitat. According to the GPHC, 10,331 huts have been counted, which represents approximately 18,3% of urban population and 27 illegal neighborhoods with a total area of 2539 hectares on which 36 966 residents households, or appoximately 184 000 inhabitants. The evolution of these districts shows that there are people invested both financially and emotionally. Far from being places of temporary edge of town, these neighborhoods are rather non-integral parts of the city, as evidenced by their spatial organization and social exclusion of all basic amenities and urban integration (infrastructure, socio-economic facilities). The particularity of this phenomenom lies in the fact that it uses the same mateirals and same construction techniques, but it is characterized by the variety of social strata that live there and architectural typologies and urban planning. These slums have at least two common points which suffice to define them : first, they are "neighborhoods" of town, pieces of an area in which they operate and, secondly, they are down the urban hierarchy: less equipped, less affluent, less attractive. They combine the risks, exclusion, marginalization and extreme poverty. They also represnt a place of tension and resistance to any attempt at integration and regulation by government. They are also characterized by their dynamics, they are necessary because, as an active component of urban society. The slum population produces a number of goods and services consumed by the population of the formal city. These shantytowns are producing their own equipment and participate in the best of their ability to feed the coffers of the state and communities. Homeless, jobless, sociability, people are "speechless" without participation in the decision or absent social policies of resettlement. The "absorption" of slums has always been a political public claimed by the state that puts all its ressources to this form of housing disappears from the city. These people also want a decent home and a strategy for RHI, which takes into account their lifestyle, their social and economic
18
Sandin, Esbjörn. "Föräldrar utan fast bostad : Erfarenheter av föräldraskap på genomgångsboende för bostadslösa." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-6708.
Анотація:
Families lacking adequate housing are increasingly becoming a concern for social services throughout Sweden, challenging a key promise of the social democratic universalist welfare-state. This raises questions about experiences of parenthood under the threat of facing homelessness or while living in temporary and inadequate residence in the Swedish context. A qualitative, explorative interview study among parents without access to the housing market and housed by social services is proposed for this investigation. Interview-analysis using an inductive thematic framework-based model with content-analysis and interpretation suggests that the sample groups perceptions of reality revolves around four main interconnected themes or categories; housing history, mental processes, child-parent relationship, adaptation. These categories each accommodates subthemes such as process, exclusion, depression, repetitive thinking, closeness. Participants housing history is viewed as a process encompassing experiences of inadequacy and their mental processes seems to be dominated by different dimensions and levels of stress, depression and cognitive malfunctioning associated with future plans and living space. The study indicates that these experiences forge a strong and close parent-child relationship and seems to affect participants’ way of viewing their position in society. Observing the results through a theoretical lens concludes that concepts drawn from systems theory, social constructivist ideas such as social representation and positioning theory widens our understanding of how participants situation. Results are also in line with previous qualitative as well as quantitative studies, and can be used to construct concepts and hypothesises regarding identity, class, exclusion and family relations that needs to be tested in further research. Finally, results suggest a careful approach within a social work context towards families living under studied living conditions. It seems pivotal to be aware of how unstable housing can affect mental processes, self-identity and family relationships but keeping in mind that these individual factors are linked to societal structures that lie at the core of homeless or at risk homeless parents’ situation.
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Ward, Kim. "Transforming neighbourhoods : an exploration of the neighbourhood management process in Ilfracombe, Devon." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3603.
Анотація:
The neighbourhood became one of the key sites for urban policy development during the previous New Labour government, and Neighbourhood Management Pathfinders were amongst their final strategies to combat “the most difficult problems faced by deprived neighbourhoods” (SEU 2000:5). This thesis explores the process of neighbourhood management in the coastal town of Ilfracombe, Devon. Ilfracombe features the characteristics of decline found in a number of coastal towns across the country, and suffers from high levels of deprivation (House of Commons Report 2006). Consequently, the neighbourhood management pathfinder ‘Transform’ was deployed in Ilfracombe in an attempt to address high deprivation. This thesis uses empirical findings collected through interviews and focus groups to examine the process of ‘Transform’, from its conception to its practical operation. It specifically considers the ‘voices’ of residents whose opinions and experiences, as targets of neighbourhood intervention are not always sufficiently documented within policy narratives. Consequently, the thesis unravels the process of neighbourhood management through findings generated by qualitative research ‘on the ground’. These are then examined through the lens of governmentality, allowing the methods, practice and outcomes of government, to be unpacked through a presentation of my empirical findings (Foucault 1991). These examinations take a particular interest in notions of community engagement and participation, partnership working, and the process of social exclusion. Here, partnership is demonstrated to be a tentative and fragile process underlined by local histories and differing temporal frameworks for action. But, this research also demonstrates that joint working can be improved through neighbourhood management which widens routes of communication to officers ‘on the ground’. However, what this thesis hopes to demonstrate most strongly is the continuing depth of problems felt by residents in Ilfracombe and that the process of ‘inclusion’ through paid work and ‘active’ citizenship, underlined in Labour’s neighbourhood renewal strategies, is not tackling some of the main problems of ‘deprived’ neighbourhoods, as experienced by the residents themselves.
20
Simões, Joana Isabel de Araújo Freitas. "A habitação social como instrumento de combate à pobreza e exclusão social: estudo de caso no Bairro Alves Redol." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3010.
Анотація:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Política SocialA presente investigação pretende analisar o papel da habitação social como instrumento de combate às situações de pobreza e exclusão social. A pobreza e a exclusão social provocadas pelo desemprego e modelo de desenvolvimento dos países são temas cada vez mais prementes em sociedades simultaneamente mais ricas e mais desiguais. As soluções para a resolução destes problemas são urgentes e para tal contribuem o avanço dos estudos científicos e as iniciativas de combate como o Ano Europeu de Combate à Pobreza e Exclusão, 2010. É importante perceber que medidas adoptar e se medidas já adoptadas, como a habitação social, reduzem a exclusão e de que forma os fenómenos se relacionam. Este estudo de caso no Bairro Alves Redol no concelho do Barreiro tentar perceber a relação entre a redução da pobreza e exclusão e a atribuição de habitação social, através da análise das famílias e do território. As conclusões expõem esta relação e as lacunas que existem no combate à exclusão, permitindo o desenvolvimento de propostas de intervenção, referindo a diferença entre questões locais e nacionais.
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Johansson, Sandra, and Andreas Onelius. "Att exportera sociala problem : Olika professioners uppfattningar av social dumpnings konsekvenser." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36726.
Анотація:
Social dumpning innebär att kommuner får personer som är i behov av ekonomiskt bistånd att flytta till andra kommuner. Syftet med studien var att undersöka olika professioners upplevelse av vilka konsekvenser social dumpning kan ha för individer som utsätts för detta. Forskningsansatsen var kvalitativ och intervjuer genomfördes med sju personer med olika professioner. Intervjupersonerna upplevde att social dumpning medför många negativa konsekvenser för de utsatta, däribland boendesegregation med boende i undermåliga bostäder, förlust av sociala nätverk och dåliga utsikter att ta sig in på arbetsmarknaden. Empirin analyserades utifrån teorier om stigma samt makt och resultatet visade att de som utsätts för social dumpning ofta blir stigmatiserade och socialt exkluderade. Det framkom även att kommunerna, genom att utsätta personer för social dumpning, i många fall går emot socialtjänstlagen. Dessutom fråntas de drabbade personerna rätten till tillfredsställande levnadsförhållanden och andra mänskliga rättigheter som anges i FN:s konventioner.Social dumping refers to the actions of local authorities that cause people in need of financial assistance to move to other local authorities. This study investigates how different professions experience the consequences of social dumping on affected individuals. The research approach was qualitative and seven people with different professions were interviewed. The interviewees observed that social dumping had a range of negative consequences for vulnerable individuals, including housing segregation caused by housing individuals in substandard accommodation, loss of social networks and poor employment prospects. The empirical data was analysed according to stigma and power theories and the results showed that social dumping often causesstigmatisationand social exclusion. It was also observed that social dumping often occurs in conjunction with local authorities disregarding the Social Services Act. Victims are often deprived of their right to a satisfactory standard of living and other human rights in UN conventions.
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Fernandes, Diana Jaqueira. "Direito à moradia: uma questão para a psicologia social?" Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17143.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-10Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
In this research, experience and housing are two siamese concepts that point the singularization of subjectivity/objectivity dialectics that results of (non)democratization of urban land. Proposes to think over the psychosocial dimension of the housing social question, starting from the experience of the process of land regularization and the right to housing in an area of informal settlement. Field research was conducted in a favela (slum) in the southeast region of São Paulo, first occupied in 1957 (Habisp, 2010). The question why the dwellers of this community do not cooperate whit land regularization actions? was made by the institution that promotes causes for the local and was incorporated in the research objectives. Through participant observation/dialogues and interviews with area residents, were raised the history of housing experiences, the meaning of their houses and of their places of residence; the everyday life, specially the relations with neighbors and other residents; the meaning of public power for them, their expectations about land regularization, reliance on actions that are being made; sufferings and projects for future. Slum residents have been demonstrating that awareness about housing rights was not absent. They have learned through the experience of their personal development, guided by the sorrow created by housing insecure situation, the possible alternatives against social forces and the indifference of public power, making their own insight of right , understood, here, as natural right. Therefore, the research offers reflexions to understand that the residents do not respond at once to aid offered by justice, not by alienation or passivity, but based on their distrust created by the conscience that society does not recognizes their needs
Vivência e moradia são dois conceitos siameses que, na pesquisa, indicam a singularização da dialética subjetividade/objetividade decorrentes da (não)democratização da terra urbana. Propõe-se refletir sobre a dimensão psicossocial da questão social da moradia, a partir da vivência do processo de regularização fundiária e do direito à moradia em área de ocupação irregular. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em uma favela da zona sudeste da cidade de São Paulo, cuja primeira ocupação data de 1957 (Habisp, 2010). A pergunta por que os moradores dessa comunidade não colaboram com as ações de regularização fundiária? foi realizada pela instituição que atua juridicamente no local e incorporada aos objetivos. Por meio de observação participante/conversas e entrevistas com moradores, levantou-se as histórias das experiências de moradia, os sentidos de suas casas e do local de moradia; o cotidiano, com destaque à relação com vizinhos e demais moradores; o sentido que o poder público tem pra elas; suas expectativas sobre regularização fundiária, confiança nas ações que estão sendo deflagradas; sofrimentos e projetos de futuro. Os moradores da favela foram demonstrando que não lhes falta consciência das questões referentes ao direito à moradia. Aprenderam, por experiência de suas trajetórias pessoais, pautadas pelo sofrimento gerado pela insegurança da moradia, as alternativas possíveis diante das forças sociais e do desinteresse do poder público, produzindo uma compreensão própria de direito , conceituado, aqui, de direito natural. Assim, a pesquisa oferece reflexões para se entender que a população não responde prontamente ao oferecimento de ajuda da Justiça, não por alienação ou passividade, mas por desconfiança gerada pela consciência do não reconhecimento de suas necessidades pela sociedade
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Nascimento, Gilson Andrade do. "Um estudo sobre exclusão social nas capitais do nordeste brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/730.
Анотація:
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de AlagoasA sociedade baseada no modo de produção capitalista tem se mostrado excludente, assim como afirmou Marx em meados do Século XIX, e verifica-se que um grande contingente da população encontra-se privado de vários direitos intimamente ligados às obrigações do Estado. Considerando o fenômeno da exclusão social como resultado da redistribuição espacial das cidades, da privação aos acessos aos serviços urbanos e das concentrações de renda extrema, este trabalho se propôs a elaborar, aplicar e analisar comparativamente índices de exclusão social em seis capitais do Nordeste brasileiro, sendo três classificadas pelo IBGE como integrantes de metrópoles regionais, e três como capitais regionais de nível A, com o intuito de identificar aspectos comuns ou diferenciados quanto à espacialização da exclusão social entre essas capitais. Este trabalho utilizou metodologia baseada nos trabalhos de Pochmann e Amorim (2003) para a elaboração de índices de exclusão social, e para isso fez uso dos resultados obtidos pelo Censo Demográfico 2000 realizado pelo IBGE. Os índices criados foram espacializados na malha digital das seis capitais nordestinas, utilizando-se como menor unidade de análise o setor censitário. A espacialização dos índices compostos de exclusão social mostrou que as capitais nordestinas apresentam um elevado grau de desigualdade que não se revela somente na dimensão econômica, mas está presente em relação aos acessos aos serviços públicos, moradia digna e educação. Este trabalho verificou que, apesar da heterogeneização das realidades em macro escala, há, numa escala intra-regional, uma homogeneização dos níveis de desigualdade e exclusão social expressos principalmente pela padronização da concentração de renda e conseqüente exclusão da maioria dos indivíduos dos acessos aos serviços públicos. O Estado tem um papel preponderante para que se encontre uma solução quanto à situação de exclusão social. Não se pode considerar o papel do Estado como sendo de apenas amenizar os conflitos. O papel do Estado deve ser encarado como o de assumir prioridades claras no sentido dos interesses da coletividade.
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Medeiros, Amanda Kellen Silva de. "Exclus?o social e projetos habitacionais. Um estudo sobre conjuntos habitacionais, segrega??o e exclus?o social em Natal/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12384.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-16In Natal s urban growth process it is given that the performance period of the National Housing Bank (BNH, 1964-1986) was marked by the intense expansion of the urban grid and configuration of outskirts, through the construction of social housing developments. Implanted in segregated areas of the existing formal city, the population installed in these complexes was also excluded from their rights, considering that the housing defines itself not only by the physical dwelling, but also by its access to urban infrastructure, facilities, services, and others. From this reality and the verification of the city s exclusion and sociospatial segregation processes, we aimed to quantitatively demonstrate levels of social exclusion in Natal, based on the methodology developed by Sposati (2000) and adapted by Genovez (2002), which relates IBGE s (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) database underlying variables such as income, schooling and dwelling s quality. The research unveiled some spatial patterns promoted by the social housings: in these areas islands were developed with higher indicators than surrounding areas, revealing internal hierarchies in the city s outskirts
No processo de crescimento urbano do munic?pio de Natal ? dado que o per?odo de atua??o do BNH (1964-1986) foi marcado pela intensa expans?o da malha urbana e configura??o de periferias, atrav?s da constru??o de conjuntos habitacionais. Implantados em ?reas segregadas da cidade formal existente, a popula??o que se instalou nesses conjuntos tamb?m foi exclu?da dos seus direitos, considerando que a moradia se define n?o s? pela unidade habitacional, mas tamb?m pelo acesso ? infraestrutura urbana, equipamentos, servi?os, entre outros. A partir dessa realidade e da constata??o sobre os processos de exclus?o e segrega??o socioespacial na cidade, buscou-se demonstrar, de maneira quantitativa, n?veis de exclus?o social em Natal, baseando-se na metodologia desenvolvida por Sposati (2000) e adaptada por Genovez (2002), que relaciona a base de dados do IBGE, destacando vari?veis como renda, escolaridade e qualidade domiciliar. A pesquisa revelou padr?es espaciais promovidos pelos conjuntos habitacionais cujas ?reas desenvolveram-se ilhas com indicadores mais altos que seu entorno, revelando hierarquias internas nas periferias da cidade
25
Bourrel, Sabine. "Le consommateur d'immeuble." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMD006/document.
Анотація:
Le consommateur d’immeuble est, ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler, un oxymore juridique. L’oxymore est une figure de rhétorique qui se définit comme le résultat d’une alliance de mots apparemment contradictoires. Derrière cette figure, apparaît l'illustration d'un jeu de relation entre le droit de la consommation et le droit immobilier. L’immeuble et le droit de la consommation entretiennent des relations fondées sur l'exclusion de l’un par l’autre. L’objet de cette étude se propose de préciser d’abord l’étendue et les modalités de cette exclusion. Il convient, ensuite, de s’attacher aux diverses causes qui sont à l’origine d’un tel rejet. L’immeuble présente une spécificité qui l’exclut de l’objet d’un rapport de consommation, et réciproquement, le rapport de consommation contient des particularités qui le différencient du contrat immobilier. Toutefois, une deuxième analyse permet de démontrer l’influence du droit de la consommation sur le statut de l’immeuble. D’une part, le logement est devenu, sous l’évolution de la société, un objet de consommation, induisant l’application d’un régime de consommation de logement spécifique. Le législateur a introduit, en matière immobilière, des dispositions d’inspiration consumériste, tout en les adaptant à la spécificité de l’immeuble. D’autre part, l'immeuble entre en contact avec le droit de la consommation. La transformation de l’immeuble en simple réserve d’argent et l’interdépendance des contrats de consommation et des contrats immobiliers apparaissent comme la confirmation de l’influence mutuelle entre le droit de la consommation et le droit immobilier. Toutefois, une telle confirmation est, sur certains aspects, nuancéeThe building consumer is, what is called, a legal oxymoron. The oxymoron is a figure of speech which is defined as the result of a combination of seemingly contradictory words. Behind this figure appears to illustrate a relationship game between consumer law and real estate law. The building and consumer law have relations based on the exclusion of one by the other. The purpose of this study is to first specify the scope and modalities of this exclusion. It is appropriate, then, to focus on the various causes that give rise to such a release. The building has a specificity that excludes the subject of a report of consumption, and vice versa, the consumer report contains features that differentiate the real estate contract. However, a second analysis can show the influence of consumer law on the status of the building. First, housing has become, in the evolution of society, an object of consumption, leading to the application of a specific housing consumption regime. The legislator introduced in real estate matters, the consumerist inspiration provisions, while adapting them to the specific nature of the building. Furthermore, the building is in contact with the consumer law. The transformation of the building in single cash reserve and interdependence of consumer contracts and real estate contracts appear as confirmation of the mutual influence between consumer law and real estate law. However, such confirmation is, in some respects, nuanced
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Quintao, Paula Rochlitz. "Morar na rua: há projeto possivel?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16136/tde-07082012-122947/.
Анотація:
A existência de pessoas que moram nas ruas é um fenômeno global complexo que envolve, entre outros, aspectos econômicos, sociais, políticos, psicológicos e urbanísticos. Este trabalho busca contribuir para o entendimento desse fenômeno ao analisá-lo sob a perspectiva da cidade de São Paulo. O morar na rua, suas origens, diversidade, transformações e sua consolidação como integrante do ambiente construído são elementos ainda pouco estudados, e que o presente trabalho busca contemplar. O que distingue esta pesquisa das outras feitas sobre o tema, é que o objeto de estudo é a cidade , ou seja, o morar na rua na cidade, e não o morador de rua, o indivíduo. Na medida em que o foco do trabalho é o espaço urbano, a metrópole, e que o morar na rua é uma realidade que não se pode ignorar, é papel de arquitetos e urbanistas incorporar estes cidadãos em seus projetos urbanos. O fato aparente é que as respostas que têm sido dadas ao problema - no caso de São Paulo, os albergues e casas de convivência - parecem insuficientes tanto para a compreensão quanto para resolução desse problema. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem o intuito de analisar o morar na rua em São Paulo a partir da compreensão do perfil dessa população, de suas demandas e formas de organização, discutindo as respostas dadas e as propostas urbanísticas existentes que a contemplem. A caracterização iniciou-se por uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o significado e a condição do morar na rua, e os diversos grupos que compõe esta população. Analisou-se então os diferentes tipos de equipamentos ofertados, as soluções existentes e a sua pertinência ao perfil de população encontrado. A análise da população dita \"em situação de rua\" mostra, primeiramente, que há pessoas que desejam sair dessa condição ou seja, para quem a situação de estar na rua é circunstancial, e outras que continuam a habitar as ruas como morada, por escolha própria. O segundo aspecto mostra que as respostas que têm sido dada para o primeiro grupo - albergues e casas de convivência - tem sido consideradas insatisfatórias. Já para o segundo grupo elas são inexistentes, pois esta hipótese não tem sido considerada. De qualquer forma mesmo que a questão do morar na rua seja transitória para um dado indivíduo, outros aparecerão, ou seja, há um contingente permanente de pessoas que habita os espaço público e para o qual se espera uma resposta, que o projeto urbano não tem dado conta. Para parte dessa população, a resposta é a oferta de meios que proporcionem sua saída das ruas. No entanto, o grande desafio diz respeito ao grupo que opta por viver nas ruas. Para o este, a cidade teria que assumir sua existência no território urbano e, mais que isso, aceitar o seu direito à cidade como inerente à cidadania plena. Para a formulação de propostas inovadoras faz-se necessário conhecer a fundo a população para a qual se está projetando valendo-nos de conceitos contemporâneos que vão além do campo da arquitetura e do urbanismo.The occurrence of city homeleness is a widespread phenomenon throughout the whole world and involves economical, social, political, psychological and urbanistic aspects. Present work intends at contributing to the understanding of this process which is analyzed here from the view point of the city of São Paulo. Street dwelling in São Paulo has several components that need reappraisal such as its origins, diversity, changes along time and consolidation as part of the urban morphology. However, present work differs from previous ones dealing with the subject for its emphasis on the role of living the city itself rather than on the people that live in the city streets, the homeless. It is the architects and city planners\' task the need to consider these citizens as inherent to the urban space, to the metropolis, that cannot at all be ignored. The solutions that have been proposed for this problem in regard with the city of São Paulo, namely, shelters and conviviality houses seemingly are not efficacious to solve the problem. Thus, present study intends to analyze the street living attitude accounting for the basic needs of this population through discussions of the urbanistic proposal to deal with it. Accordingly, the first task was to analyze the profile of the people that belong to this population, how appropriate is it to label them as street dwellers or homeless and simultaneously to understand how the city itself interacts with them. We have learned that there are street dwellers willing to get rid of their condition, in other words, people for whom street dwelling is a transient process. Solutions offered them either as shelters and conviviality houses have so far been deemed unsatisfactory. And there are those that go on living in the streets by their own choice, namely, permanently. Besides, even if transient street living conditions was temporary for someone there will always be new adherents joining the street environment. Urbanistic solutions for this group are scarce, not effective and based on the Idea that with very few exceptions street dwellers are willing to give up their living conditions. For some of them proper solutions is offering all means to help them get off the streets, but the real challenge concerns those that definitely chose to remain on the streets. In this case, the city must accept their existence, their own right to the city, namely, to full citizenship. Innovative proposals require a careful appraisal of the population we aim at favoring and need contemporary concepts that go beyond the common current practices in the fields of architecture and urbanism.
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Danielsen-Lang, Karen A. "Lifestyle Neighborhoods: The Semi-Exclusive World of Rental Gated Communities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27915.
Анотація:
This study looks at characteristics of rental gated communities in the United States from a national perspective and based on a case study of four Southwestern Counties, Riverside County and San Bernardino County in California, Maricopa County in Arizona, and Clark County, Nevada. Tenure differences between owned and rental gated communities are compared. The study also debates who actually benefits from rental gated communities and what that effect that has upon the community. This analysis is done by assessing whether minorities experience higher housing opportunities in rental gated communities newer, fast growing areas as the study area. Descriptive statistics of rental gated community characteristics are presented and neighborhood diversity indices are analyzed. The study finds that rental gated communities are much like their owned gated community counterparts and that new housing markets do not present better housing opportunities (at the neighborhood level)for minorities, particularly those neighborhoods with more rental gated properties present. Policy implications are discussed.Ph. D.
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Rodenstedt, Ann. "Living in the calm and safe part of the city : The socio-spatial reproduction of upper-middle class neighbourhoods in Malmö." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutet för bostads- och urbanforskning (IBF), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-237883.
Анотація:
When residential segregation is mentioned in news coverage and when it is talked about in everyday discourse in Sweden, it is very often associated with immigration and minority groups living in the poorer areas of the city. A common assumption is that “immigrants” actively withdraw from society and that they choose to live together rather than integrating with the majority population. This study, however, argues that discussions about segregation cannot be limited to the areas where minorities and poorer-income groups live, but must understand segregation as a process occurring in the whole system of urban neighbourhoods. In order to reach a more complete understanding of the ways in which segregation processes are at work in contemporary Swedish cities, knowledge is needed about the inhabitants with greater resources and power to choose their dwellings and residential areas. The neighbourhood choices of more privileged groups, and the socio-spatial reproduction of the areas of the upper-middle class, are investigated by applying a qualitative ethnographic framework. The thesis studies two neighbourhoods located in the post-industrial city of Malmö: Victoria Park, a US-inspired “lifestyle community” which is the first of its kind in Sweden, and Bellevue, older but still one of the most exclusive and high-status neighbourhoods in the city. In order to understand self-segregation among privileged groups, the study especially scrutinises the concepts of class and security as well as the impacts of neoliberalisation on the Swedish housing market. The main argument of the study is that the self-segregation by members of the upper-middle class demonstrates a rift which runs through the urban fabric of Malmö, splintering the city up into perceived separate worlds. The existence of physical, symbolic and social boundaries in Victoria Park and Bellevue reproduces these neighbourhoods as exclusive, private and tranquil spaces of the upper-middle class. By locating themselves in the calm and safe part of the city, the upper-middle class can buy security as a commodity, rather than relying on the welfare state to provide it for them.
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Agulles, Martos Juan Manuel. "La caridad y la terapia. Exclusión residencial y personas sin hogar en Alicante." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/56565.
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Wilner, Oscar. "Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living inclusive." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281395.
Анотація:
Today our city cores are being transformed. Not only have they been transformed from a place of production to a place of consumption, but more recently also the city core as a place of work are being challenged by increasing land prices and the desire to live centrally and urban. An urban lifestyle has in some ways become an exclusive benefit for the most wealthy, and the tall residential towers symbolizes this new urban, transnational elite, that wants the qualities of a living city center but prefers to live high up in the sky. Though this elite sometimes never lives there, since they only see the apartments as investments, as a “money deposit”. These buildings increase gentrification and segregation since they push up the housing prices of the city cores and provide no public functions, we get excluding cities rather than including. In my thesis project I speculate how we can prevent our city centers from becoming an excluding and exclusive gated community, and I develop a general redesign strategy for the exclusive residential tower typology. I have searched for a collective rather than individualistic approach, that considers both environmental and social sustainability.
31
Luczak, Urs. "Ambivalenz der Ausgrenzung." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-61628.
Анотація:
Die Arbeit beschreibt im Kontext eines gesellschaftspolitischen und sozialräumlichen Wandels Prozesse der Ausgrenzung benachteiligter Bevölkerungsgruppen am Beispiel eines Marginalviertels, der Villa Itatí in Buenos Aires.
In Form der Beschreibung der Effekte des Lebensortes Villa Itatí, der Effekte seines materiell-physischen Substrates, seiner Sozialstruktur sowie seines symbolischen Systems, sollen die ambivalenten Wirkungen einer Ausgrenzung dargestellt werden. Der Lebensort wird als Beschränkung und gleichzeitige Ressource gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe bewertet. Als Planer in einem städtebaulichen und soziologischen Verständnis erfasse ich damit den Status Quo als Ausgangslage, um darauf aufbauend Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer verändernden, integrativen Planung zu erörtern. Die Erkenntnisse aus einem fremdkulturellen Kontext sollen dabei in die hiesige Diskussion um Ausgrenzung bzw. um Quartiere der Ausgrenzung eingebunden werden.
Die vorhandenen Daten basieren zum überwiegenden Teil auf einem Feldforschungsaufenthalt vor Ort. Sie wurden mittels einer Kombination verschiedener qualitativer Methoden erhoben: einer teilnehmenden Beobachtung im Feld im Sinne einer ethnographischen Feldforschung, ergänzt durch leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Bewohnern und Schlüsselfiguren des Viertels sowie verschiedenen externen Experten mit professioneller Beziehung zur Villa Itatí. Daneben wurde, gleichbedeutend, die räumliche Gestalt und Einbindung sowie die infrastrukturelle Ausstattung des Viertels im Sinne einer städtebaulichen Bestandsaufnahme kartiert und durch Fotografie illustriert. Ergänzt werden die vor Ort erhobenen Daten durch eine Auswertung von Zeitungsartikeln zur Villa Itatí sowie einer Sekundäranalyse vorhandener Datenquellen.
32
Monteiro, Luzia Cristina Antoniossi. "Políticas públicas habitacionais para idosos : um estudo sobre os condomínios exclusivos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4187.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-21Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Brazil is facing severe problems in relation to urban spaces theme. Some age groups such as the elderly have found more difficulties to ensure their socio-spatial integration. This issue, combined with the demand for proper housing and the exponential increase in the number of people aged over sixty years are causing a new challenge for Brazil in the XXI century: the responsibility to implement appropriate public policies for the inclusion of the elderly population in cities. Building the house" is not enough; we must effect new forms of housing that enable inclusion and social participation. The aim of this study was to analyze the typology of exclusive condominiums for elderly, among the modalities of public housing policies identified in the literature review and legislation. Four condominiums have been analyzed, performing visits in locus for interviewing managers and elderly residents. The condos selected for analysis have as a reference the housing program of the State of Sao Paulo called Vila Dignidade , which adopts the concept of "assisted housing" aiming to provide, besides the house, social assistance, protection, accessibility, comfort and safety. The cities of Avaré and Itapeva were the first to inaugurate the housing units included in the program. On the other hand the other two analyzed condominiums, Vila dos Idosos-Pari in Sao Paulo and Recanto Feliz in Araraquara, predate the state policies but have interesting features since they were built on idle properties, or free deconstructed spaces that has relieved onus to the urban space, already so transformed by anthropical action. The results suggest the need to diversify housing models, in view of suiting the heterogeneity of the elderly and the resident s profile in each location. To make the policies efficient is necessary that the state fulfills its role to achieve the social rights of citizens involving in this task, the society, the family and the elderly person.
O Brasil enfrenta sérios problemas em relação à temática espaço urbano. Alguns grupos etários, como o dos idosos, encontram maiores dificuldades para garantir sua integração socioespacial. Essa questão, aliada à demanda por moradia digna e ao aumento exponencial do número de pessoas com mais de sessenta anos, está causando um novo desafio para o Brasil no início do século XXI: a responsabilidade de implementar políticas públicas adequadas para a inserção da população idosa nas cidades. Não basta construir a casa , é preciso efetivar novas formas de morar que possibilitem a inclusão e a participação social. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a tipologia de condomínios exclusivos para idosos, dentre as modalidades de políticas públicas habitacionais identificadas em revisão da literatura e da legislação. Foram estudados quatro condomínios, com a realização de visitas in locu e entrevistas com os gestores e os idosos moradores. Os condomínios selecionados para a análise têm como referencial o programa habitacional do Estado de São Paulo, denominado Vila Dignidade, que adota o conceito de moradia assistida . Vislumbra esse programa fornecer, além da casa, serviços de assistência e proteção social, acessibilidade, conforto e segurança. As cidades de Avaré e Itapeva são as primeiras a inaugurar as unidades habitacionais inseridas no programa. Já os outros dois condomínios analisados, Vila dos Idosos-Pari, em São Paulo, e Recanto Feliz, em Araraquara, são anteriores à política estadual, mas apresentam características interessantes, uma vez que foram organizados em imóveis ociosos, ou seja, espaços desconstruídos livres, mitigando ônus ao espaço urbano, já tão transformado pela ação antrópica. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de diversificar as modalidades habitacionais, atendendo a heterogeneidade do idoso e o perfil do morador de cada localidade. E, para que as políticas sejam eficientes é preciso que o Estado cumpra seu papel de concretizar os direitos sociais dos cidadãos, envolvendo nessa tarefa, a sociedade, a família e o próprio idoso.
33
Azevêdo, Pedro Pontes de. "Usucapião da propriedade possível em terras públicas: O direito de superfície como instrumento de funcionalização da propriedade para efetivação do direito à moradia em áreas de exclusão social." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9108.
Анотація:
A presente tese apresenta a usucapião superficiária de bens públicos como uma alternativa para assegurar o direito fundamental à moradia em áreas de exclusão social. Para chegar a tal desiderato, encontra-se supedâneo jurídico-normativo na função social da propriedade, especialmente no tocante à sua observância em terras públicas. Utiliza-se, ainda como suporte teórico à tese, a noção contemporânea de que a propriedade hodierna é um instituto plural, complexo, tomando emprestadas as ideias de Salvatore Pugliatti. Além disso, diante dos contornos atuais do Direito Civil-Constitucional, também é importante como lastro a análise da posse com função social, que em muitos casos pode até ser priorizada no confronto com o direito de propriedade meramente formal. Na construção da tese, foram utilizadas duas premissas. A primeira apoia-se na possibilidade do reconhecimento da posse em bens públicos, fundamentando-se especificamente nos regimes legais que a admitem, como a Lei 11.977/2009, por exemplo. Já a segunda se consubstancia na interpretação de que a vedação constitucional à usucapião de bens públicos não é absoluta, obstando apenas a aquisição da propriedade plena destes bens por particulares. A partir destes fundamentos são analisados os requisitos e as consequências do modelo de usucapião superficiária de imóveis públicos para fins de moradia, com ênfase particular quanto ao animus da posse. Conclui-se, ao final, que essa nova modalidade aquisitiva da propriedade superficiária pode ser um importante instrumento para a regularização fundiária em áreas de exclusão social, conferindo segurança jurídica aos moradores e transformando em ativo um amplo estoque fundiário que hodiernamente se apresenta como capital morto, conforme defende Hernando de Soto.
34
Jiménez, Cavieres Fernando [Verfasser]. "Chilean housing policy: a case of social and spatial exclusion? / von Fernando Jimenez-Cavieres." 2006. http://d-nb.info/985170433/34.
35
Arthurson, Kathy (Kathryn Diane). "Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates." 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha791.pdf.
Анотація:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-332) Concerned with the utility of the concept of social exclusion in Australian housing and urban policy. The question is explored through comparative analysis of the inclusionary strategies that comprise Australian housing authorities' "whole of government" approaches to estate regeneration, on six case study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland.
36
Nobre, Sónia Alexandra de Barros Rito Nunes. "Women´s Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in Lisbon Metropolitan Area: An In-depth Exploratory Study." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123033.
Анотація:
There is a paucity of research dedicated to women´s homelessness worldwide and, certainly, in Portugal. This doctoral dissertation is the outcome of an exploratory, in-depth research of 34 women experiencing homelessness or housing exclusion in the Northern Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Portugal). The European Typology of Homelessness and Housing Exclusion was adopted in this study, enabling the inclusion of situations that would have remained concealed if the narrower national definition of homelessness had been deployed. Grounded on an ecological approach, this study addressed women´s homelessness in a contextualized and comprehensive manner. Different theoretical lenses - including the life course perspective and perspectives focused on identity work, the presentation of self and the management of stigma - have guided the analysis of several dimensions of homelessness. This qualitative study integrated biographical interviews with ethnography and fieldwork spanned from 2015 to 2018. The collected data enabled the characterization of this group of women experiencing homelessness or housing exclusion, and the analysis of their paths into and through homelessness, their understanding of homelessness, the issues related to their access to housing, how they negotiate and cope with homelessness, and their perceived needs and views of the future. The findings of this research demonstrated regularities and singularities in thecharacteristics and life histories of the participants and exposed several gender issues. The study highlighted the relational dimension of participants´ lives and, in particular, the relevance of motherhood. The diverse paths into the women´s homelessness were examined in detail and revealed that they are the culmination of events and circumstances that unfolded over time and frequently dated from childhood. Participants´ trajectories through homelessness and the dynamics underpinning their multiple transitions between varied living situations were documented. Furthermore, the opportunities and barriers these women confront in an attempt to find a place to live were identified. The study has also portrayed these women´s experiences in various contexts, revealing the complexity and multiplicity of their representations and relations with spaces such as the street, shelters, rooms and the homes of family members. The diverse meanings attached by the participants to homelessness and home, and the varied ways in which they positioned themselves in relation to homelessness, underline the ambiguity and subjectivity of the concepts of homelessness and home. Despite the hardships they endured throughout their lives and during periods of homelessness, these women endeavour to maintain their dignity and retain a sense of personal worth and purpose, which they do through several strategies and a myriad of internal resources and forms of identity work. The findings of this study have enabled the development of recommendations that focus on the prevention of women´s homelessness and on interventions in the lives of homeless women which are aimed at serving their specific needs.A investigação dedicada às mulheres em situação de sem-abrigo é escassa a nível internacional e, ainda mais, em Portugal. Esta tese de doutoramento resultou de uma investigação exploratória, em profundidade, que incluiu 34 mulheres em situação de semabrigo ou exclusão habitacional na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa Norte (Portugal). Adotou-se a Tipologia Europeia de Situação de Sem-Abrigo e Exclusão Habitacional, mais abrangente, o que permitiu englobar situações que a definição nacional de situação de sem-abrigo, mais restrita, não considera. Assente numa perspetiva ecológica, este estudo abordou a situação de sem-abrigo no feminino de um modo contextualizado e compreensivo. Abordagens teóricas distintas guiaram a análise de várias dimensões da situação de sem-abrigo, como a perspetiva de curso de vida e abordagens centradas em questões identitárias, na apresentação do eu e na gestão do estigma. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, englobou entrevistas biográficas e etnografia, tendo o trabalho de campo decorrido entre 2015 e 2018. Permitiu recolher informação para caracterizar este grupo de mulheres em situação de sem-abrigo ou exclusão habitacional, e analisar os seus percursos rumo a uma situação de sem-abrigo e nessa situação, as suas representações sobre a situação de sem-abrigo, as questões relacionadas com o acesso à habitação, a forma como lidam com a situação de sem-abrigo e as suas necessidades e perceções sobre o futuro. Os resultados desta investigação evidenciaram regularidades e singularidades nas características e nas histórias de vida das participantes e expuseram diversas questões de género. O estudo salientou a dimensão relacional das vidas das participantes e, em particular, a importância da maternidade. Os diversos percursos rumo à situação de semabrigo foram analisados detalhadamente e mostraram que são o culminar de acontecimentos e circunstâncias que se desenrolaram ao longo do tempo, remontando frequentemente à infância. As trajetórias das participantes em situação de sem-abrigo e as dinâmicas subjacentes às suas múltiplas transições entre diferentes situações habitacionais foram documentadas. Para além disso, foram identificadas as oportunidades e as barreiras com que estas mulheres se deparam na sua procura por um lugar para viver. O estudo retratou ainda as experiências destas mulheres em vários contextos, revelando a complexidade e a multiplicidade das suas representações e relações com espaços como a rua, centros de alojamento, quartos e casas de familiares. Os diversos significados que as participantes atribuíram à situação de sem-abrigo e a uma casa e a disparidade de formas como se posicionaram relativamente à situação de sem-abrigo são reveladores da ambiguidade e da subjetividade destes conceitos. Não obstante as dificuldades que enfrentaram ao longo das suas vidas e em situação de sem-abrigo, estas mulheres procuram manter a sua dignidade e reter um sentido de valor e de propósito, usando diversas estratégias e uma miríade de recursos internos e formas de trabalho identitário. Os resultados desta investigação permitiram elaborar recomendações focadas na prevenção da situação de sem-abrigo no feminino e em intervenções destinadas a responder às necessidades específicas das mulheres nesta situação.
37
Hu, Hao-Wei, and 胡皓瑋. "A Study on Social Exclusion and Inclusion of Nan Chi Chang Resettlement Housing Estate in Taipei." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23339084751886171158.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
101
Resettlement housing estates have been the government solution to the squatter communities in Taipei since the mid-1960s to mid-1970s. When they just finished, many served as the model cases of public housing in Taiwan. However, soon the housing polices changed to rely on the mechanisms of market, and government claimed that the private ownership was the solution to housing issues. The resettlement housing, only at small numbers, could not cope with the demand from the squatting households. Furthermore, government only tackled physical spaces, and ignored the related issues of social welfares and livelihood as solution to the lives of the urban poor in Taipei. Thus, the disadvantageous groups in Taipei can only rely on the rental housing of private market to fulfill their housing needs, and led to the concentration of social exclusion of the urban poor in Taipei. This research, by taking the Nan Chi Chang case as an example, explores the processes of social differentiation and exclusion. Through the comparative study between the Nan Chi Chang and other types of public housing like national public housing and the housing estates of military dependents in the neighboring areas, this paper identifies the roots of institutional exclusion of housing resources. This research points out that although the resettlement housing estates enable some of the residents to achieve social mobility and leave the estate, an increasing number of disadvantageous households chose other ways of lower cost than buying the property in the community. Besides, the complexity of the ownership in resettlement housing, along with the decaying urban infrastructures, together led to the social differentiation and exclusion in Taipei.
38
Soares, Lina Maria André. "Descendo a encosta do Casal Ventoso para a Quinta do Loureiro: Impactes sentidos pelos residentes ao nível da sua inserção profissional e redes sociais, após o realojamento." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/3868.
Анотація:
O bairro do Casal Ventoso situava-se numa das encostas do Vale de Alcântara, apresentando de forma conjugada diversos sintomas de crise urbana, que faziam com que fosse encarado como uma das zonas da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa mais problemática. O ambiente urbano particularmente degradado, a baixa escolaridade, as elevadas taxas de desemprego, criminalidade e delinquência da sua população, em grande parte associadas ao consumo e tráfico de estupefacientes, contribuíam para que os seus residentes fossem, frequentemente, considerados como “os excluídos dos excluídos”.
Com o desmantelamento deste bairro e o realojamento dos seus moradores, maioritariamente, no Vale de Alcântara, propomo-nos analisar quais os principais impactes sentidos por estes indivíduos, em particular no que se refere à sua inserção profissional e redes sociais. Focalizámos o presente estudo em 16 indivíduos, com idades compreendidas entre os 25 e os 35 anos, aos quais foram aplicadas entrevistas em profundidade, semi-directivas. Todos os indivíduos tinham em comum o facto de terem residido no Casal Ventoso e terem sido realojados na Quinta do Loureiro.
As grandes conclusões que podemos retirar do discurso dos entrevistados, referem-se ao sentimento de indiferença por si manifestado, quanto às alterações ao nível da sua inserção profissional sendo, no entanto, notória a percepção que têm quanto à perda de laços de proximidade na vizinhança, como consequência da transferência de casas térreas, algumas localizadas em pátios, para prédios.The neighborhood of Casal Ventoso is situated in one of the hills bordering Alcântara Valley, presenting in conjunction various symptoms of urban crisis that caused it to be regarded as one of the most problematic regions of Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The particularly degraded urban environment, the low education level, the high unemployment, criminality and delinquency rates of its population, largely associated to the smuggling and drugs abuse, contributed to its residents being frequently considered “the excluded of the excluded”. With the dismantling of this neighbourhood and the relocation of its dwellers, mainly to Alcântara Valley, we proposed ourselves to analyse the major impacts felt by those individuals, in particular concerning their professional insertion and social networks. We focused this study on 16 individuals, aged between 25 and 35 years, to which semi-directive, in-depth interviews were applied. All the individuals had in common the fact that they had once lived in Casal Ventoso and were later relocated to Quinta do Loureiro. The big conclusions that we can draw from the speech of the interviewees, refers to their feeling of indifference towards the changes in their level of professional insertion, being however notorious their perception about the loss of close ties in the neighbourhood, as consequence of the compulsory transfer from ranch houses, some located in patios, to apartments in buildings.
39
Mikeszová, Martina. "Trh bydlení a riziko bezdomovství v České republice." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342292.
Анотація:
Martina Mikeszová : PHD DISSERTATION - HOUSING MARKET AND RISK OF HOMELESSNESS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC. ABSTRACT The PhD dissertation focuses on the theme of loss of permanent housing together with the problematic of housing affordability in the Czech Republic. In the first part, the objective is to identify the types of households potentially at risk of being unable to afford housing since 2000, and to trace the development of regional differences in the percentage of at-risk households in the Czech Republic. In the regard to the end of deregulation process in recent years, the analysis of housing (un)affordability of "market" rent housing shows the possible social consequences of the process. Owing to the absence of useful aggregate data on incomes and expenditures for different household types in the regions of the Czech Republic, the alternative data sources and the simulation methodology for measuring housing affordability which combines available regional wage statistics and data on market rents were used. The results indicate that the general risk of being unable to afford rental housing and regional differences in housing affordability are both decreasing. Not only the stagnation of market rent growth related to the growth of household income is behind the development. The main reason is the fact that...
40
Fernandes, André Filipe Pereira. "O paradoxo de uma política urbana que combate e estimula a pobreza e a exclusão social: o bairro social de Santa Tecla em Braga." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60680.
Анотація:
Dissertação de mestrado em Geografia (área de especialização em Planeamento e Gestão do Território)Este estudo pretende questionar e debater o papel da habitação social no combate aos fenómenos da pobreza e da exclusão social. Trata-se de um política urbana que visa conceder uma habitação digna àqueles que não têm uma conjuntura financeira sólida para comprar ou arrendar uma casa no mercado imobiliário privado. Mas até que ponto constitui uma alavanca para um processo mais vasto de melhoria de qualidade de vida e integração social dos seus moradores ou, por ventura, um fator propiciador de contextos de estagnação, pobreza e exclusão social dos seus moradores, perante os restantes habitantes de uma cidade? Esta é a questão de partida desta investigação que procurará ser debatida a partir de um estudo de caso elaborado sobre o bairro social de Santa Tecla, construído em 1979 na cidade de Braga com o objetivo de realojar famílias que residiam em locais de génese ilegal e indivíduos sem possibilidades económicas. Para esse estudo de caso recorreu-se a análise documental variada, bem como ao cruzamento de métodos quantitativos e qualitativos, através dos quais se procurou perceber a imagem que os habitantes de Braga têm sobre este bairro, assim como a visão de quem mora neste bairro sobre as circunstâncias que decorrem de viver quotidianamente neste local. A partir da revisão bibliográfica e do tratamento dos resultados originais obtidos através dos inquéritos e das entrevistas realizadas, são apresentadas medidas de ação para combater a segregação socio-espacial que afeta o bairro de Santa Tecla. Medidas que possam combater mais eficazmente os problemas de estigmatização e de exclusão social que se fazem sentir neste bairro, por via de iniciativas que promovam uma maior interação de quem nele habita com os restantes moradores da cidade. Assim como medidas que sejam promotoras de uma melhor integração urbanística do bairro na cidade de Braga.
This study seeks to question and debate the role of social housing on fighting poverty and social exclusion occurrences. It refers to an urban policy which aims at conceding a formal house to those who doesn’t have a solid financial conjuncture to buy or rent one at the private real estate market. But how far this urban policy contributes to a process of better living quality and social integration of its residents or, perhaps, an impelling factor for stagnation contexts, poverty and social exclusion? This is the departure question of this research that is founded on a case study made about the Santa Tecla Social Housing, built in 1979 in the city of Braga (Portugal) with the purpose of solve the housing problem of families that were used to live in illegal housing and individuals with no economic possibilities. The study case is based on a bibliographic analysis complemented by a crossed quantitative and qualitative approach, to disclose the mental image about Santa Tecla Social Housing by Braga inhabitants, as well as the vision and opinion of those who live in this neighborhood. From the bibliographic review and treatment of original results obtained through surveys and interviews, it was possible to identify priority actions to fight the socio-spatial segregation that affects this neighborhood. Those are presented as urban planning suggestions that may contribute to solve the stigmatization problems and social exclusion that affects this neighborhood, by promoting a greater interaction between Santa Tecla residents and the rest of Braga inhabitants. It were also presented suggestions to achieve a more efficient urban integration of this neighborhood in the city of Braga.
41
Rocha, Ana Catarina Graça da. "A habitação social em Portugal: necessidades e exigências contemporâneas." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81102.
Анотація:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Administração Pública - extinto apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoO Direito à Habitação é um direito consagrado na Carta dos Direitos Humanos, o que significa que todos os indivíduos devem ter uma habitação condigna onde se possam sentir seguros e confortáveis. No entanto, existe franjas da sociedade que são constituídas por pessoas e por agregados familiares socioeconomicamente desfavorecidos, não tendo a possibilidade de comprar habitação própria ou de pagar rendas altas, o que é comum no mercado da habitação. Estas cidadãos moram muitas vezes em habitações precárias, onde se verificam casos graves de insalubridade e degradação que colocam em perigo a sua integridade física, psicológica e a saúde. Portugal não é exceção, tendo um numero relativamente expressivo de população que não possui rendimentos suficientes para pagar uma casa. Cabe então ao Estado assegurar o Direito à Habitação através da construção de habitações sociais, organizados em bairros e urbanização. Este tipo de comunidades é, na sua maior parte, de iniciativa publica e dotados de infraestruturas básicas para proporcionar uma boa qualidade de vida aos seus residentes. Normalmente, estes empreendimentos são construídos em grandes conjuntos de prédios de apartamentos, localizados nas periferias das cidades. Devido a esta localização (longe do centro económico, cultural e social da cidade) e também ao estigma associado aos bairros, de serem sítios perigosos, verifica-se que estes sofrem do fenómeno de segregação espacial urbana, levando à exclusão social dos seus próprios residentes. Neste trabalho analisou-se a habitação social do município de Vila Nova de Gaia, de forma a perceber se estão feitos os esforços necessários para que as pessoas se sintam confortáveis e seguras nas suas habitações e se a própria empresa municipal (Gaiaurb) tem mecanismos e lança iniciativas para que a exclusão e segregação social passe a inclusão, fazendo com que os residentes dos bairros sociais de Vila Nova de Gaia sejam uma parte ativa e producente da sociedade geral. Conclui-se que os esforços realizados pela Gaiaurb, vão de encontro às necessidades e pretensões dos seus residentes, sendo que estes se encontram muito satisfeitos com as suas habitações e também com o apoio social prestado, percebendo assim que esta empresa municipal se encaixa numa ótica de trabalho inclusivo dos seus cidadãos e de um crescimento baseado na sustentabilidade social.
The Right to Housing is a right enshrined in the Charter of Human Rights, which means that all individuals must have a decent home where they can feel safe and comfortable. However, there are fringes of the society that are made up of people and socioeconomically disadvantaged households, not having the possibility to buy own housing or to pay high incomes, which is common in the housing market. These citizens often live in substandard housing, where there are serious cases of unhealthiness and degradation that endanger their physical, psychological and health integrity. Portugal is no exception, having a relatively substantial number of people who do not have enough income to afford a home. It is then up to the State to ensure the Right to Housing through the construction of social housing, organized in neighborhoods and urbanization. This type of community is, for the most part, public initiative and equipped with basic infrastructure to provide a decent quality of life for its residents. Typically, these ventures are constructed in large groups of apartment buildings, located on the outskirts of cities. Due to this location (far from the economic, cultural and social center of the city) and also to the stigma associated with the districts, as they are dangerous sites, it is verified that these suffer from the phenomenon of urban spatial segregation, leading to the social exclusion of its own residents. This study analyzed the social housing of the municipality of Vila Nova de Gaia, to understand if the necessary efforts are made to make people feel comfortable and safe in their dwellings and if the municipal company (Gaiaurb) itself has mechanisms and Launches initiatives for exclusion and social segregation to include inclusion, making the residents of the social neighborhoods of Vila Nova de Gaia an active and productive part of the general society. It is concluded that the efforts made by Gaiaurb, meet the needs and pretensions of its residents, who are very satisfied with their housing and also with the social support provided, thus realizing that this municipal company fits into an optical Inclusive work of its citizens and growth based on social sustainability.
42
Černá, Zuzana. "Sociální bydlení v Praze." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398694.
Анотація:
The thesis aims to map the social housing system in Prague and to contribute to evaluating effectiveness of the policy. The study analyses 15 city districts of Prague, focusing on the conditions and process for selection of tenants. Currently, social housing is not regulated by law and therefore city districts are legally autonomous in decision making. The thesis is explorative, and studies policy documentation (primarily policy of city districts dealing with management stock of dwellings). I then carried out semi-structured interviews with actors of social housing (social services users, social workers of shelter services and officials of city districts). The study pursues a deeper understanding of issues connected with housing needs and the role of social housing as a solution to housing problems, as well as barriers which limit the related process of securing housing. There are two groups of condition (general and specific) which city districts use to regulate social housing. General conditions comprise citizenship, permanent residence, non-ownership of residential property, non-participation in privatization, non-existence of debts to the city (or repayment) and income limits or condition for receiving social benefits. Next, city districts regulate renting a flat by specific conditions, for...
43
Lourenço, Patrícia Rodrigues. "Pobreza e exclusão social: contributos para a intervenção dos assistentes sociais em bairros de construções clandestinas." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/10024.
Анотація:
A presente investigação tem como objetivo desenvolver uma reflexão em torno da
integração social em bairros clandestinos no sentido de repercussão de futuras intervenções
no âmbito do Serviço Social neste contexto.
Neste sentido, como grande premissa do presente trabalho, pretendeu-se aprofundar as
áreas/domínios em que os residentes do núcleo 900, bairro clandestino territorialmente
situado no Talude Militar da freguesia de Unhos e concelho de Loures, se encontram
atualmente excluídos a fim de compreender a integração social da amostra em estudo,
assim como refletir sobre práticas profissionais no âmbito do Serviço Social com vista ao
desenvolvimento local, intervenção na comunidade e ação social.
Assim sendo, a fim de compreender a integração social das famílias do núcleo 900;
compreender e analisar as trajetórias e projetos de vida dos agregados familiares inquiridos;
e, contribuir para o debate teórico-metodológico do Serviço Social neste contexto, foi
realizado um estudo quantitativo, utilizando como instrumentos de recolha de dados um
inquérito por questionário incluindo algumas questões abertas, tendo como categorias de
análise os sistemas básicos definidos por Costa (2007), nomeadamente os domínios social,
económico, institucional, territorial e referências simbólicas.The current study aims to provoke reflection regarding social integration in clandestine housing projects and its future repercussions regarding the intervention of social services. In this context, the prime objective of the research is to better understand the different areas that the residents of nucleus 900, a clandestine neighbourhood situated in Talude Militar in the parish of Unhos in the council of Loures, are currently excluded from, with the aim to comprehend the social integration of the sample, as well as reflect on the current practices of the social services on the ground, intervention in the community and social action. Therefore, in order to understand the social integration of the families from nucleus 900; understand and analyze the history and lifetime projects of the families questioned; and, contribute to the theoretical-methodical debate of the social services in this situation, a quantitative study was carried out using a questionnaire to record the data that included some open questions, whilst using the basic systems as defined by Costa (2007) for categorical analysis, namely the social, economic, institutional and territorial areas, as well as some symbolic references.
44
ŠTĚRBOVÁ, Lada. "Rodiny v nepříznivé životní situaci - jejich migrace v rámci azylových domů." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376645.
Анотація:
The topic concerns families that were not lucky enough to live in their own house or apartment. It concerns families that, for various reasons, lost their house or apartment. They were moved out from rented flats, lodging houses, or their treaty on providing social service in another emergency shelter was terminated. In some cases, a family is not able to find a new house or apartment in time. These families then take advantage of emergency shelters. The purpose of this service is to mitigate or prevent social exclusion of people in such a situation where they lost their house or apartment. It is a resident service that provides people with no shelter a temporary place to stay. The final thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part consists of five subchapters dealing with the chosen issues. The beginning of the practical part defines the goals of the final thesis. The aim of this thesis was to map reasons for which families in an adverse life situation find it difficult to find a new house or apartment. Qualitative research and half-structured interview were chosen to find out the necessary information. The research was conducted in emergency shelters for families with children in the South Bohemian region. Seven communication partners took part in the survey. The method of open coding was used to evaluate the data. The results of the conducted survey show that there are several reasons for which families in an adverse life situation find it difficult to find a new house or apartment. The most frequent reason the communication partners mentioned was being a part of the Roma minority. Other reasons mentioned were a high number and the age of children in the family and the prejudice of the flat owners. Another issue that is hard to resolve is the lack of money to pay the deposit that flat owners require before renting a flat. This final thesis emphasises the need to adopt a law on social housing that should help to solve the flat situation of families in an adverse life situation.
45
Kšandová, Pavlína. "Hodnocení systému prevence a pomoci osobám ohrožených ztrátou bydlení v České republice." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337852.
Анотація:
This thesis covers the main problems related to loss of housing in the context of the institutional setting in the Czech Republic. The aim of this thesis is explaining the institutional setup of the system of prevention and help people / households that are at risk of losing housing and evaluate the system in terms of the possibility of prevention of social exclusion.The introductory part describes the characteristics of the key concepts in housing policy in relation to social housing and various approaches to social housing in selected countries (Sweden, Germany, Great Britain). The thesis focuses on the institutional analysis of the existing legal framework and possible solutions to the current housing shortage (welfare, social work, social services). In the research part of this thesis a case study of Louny municipality has been chosen as a model sample of resolving the current shortage of housing. Results of the analysis had been confronted and evaluated by perspective of people solving housing problems and relevant social workers working with poor people. In the end of the thesis, a SWOT analysis is delivered identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the system.
46
Gaspar, Paulo Alexandre Brito Pais. "Solidão num bairro social (entre)laços e ruturas : estudo de caso." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/24227.
Анотація:
O presente trabalho corresponde a uma dissertação académica intitulada “Solidão num Bairro Social (Entre)laços e Ruturas” elaborada no âmbito do curso de doutoramento em Ciências da Educação, área de aprofundamento da Pedagogia Social, tendo por base um estudo de caso ancorado numa abordagem metodológica mista (quantitativa e qualitativa).
Em termos conceptuais, optou-se por um quadro teórico multidisciplinar, tendo em especial referência o pensamento socio educacional. Procurou-se, sobretudo, fundamentar os pressupostos teóricos que sustentam a noção de solidão e a sua relação com a problemática da exclusão social, tentando encontrar os traços característicos da pessoa solitária.
Partiu-se assim da constatação de que o aumento do fenómeno da solidão no mundo contemporâneo constitui uma interpelação incontornável para a intervenção socioeducativa, levantando questões fundamentais sobre a condição antropológica da pessoa solitária. Como tal, o nosso estudo centrou-se no fenómeno da solidão, com atenção especial para os territórios urbanos onde se agudizam as situações de exclusão social.
Do ponto de vista empírico, optou-se por um estudo de caso, tentando ir ao encontro da realidade humana vivenciada num bairro social situado na cidade do Porto. Os dados foram recolhidos recorrendo a uma Escala Diferencial da Solidão (EDS) e à inquirição direta de atores feita através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O estudo permitiu-nos legitimar, identificar algumas das variáveis que consubstanciam um perfil das pessoas solitárias, permitindo confirmar a convicção de partida sobre a relação entre solidão e exclusão social.This work is part of an academic dissertation whose title is “Loneliness in a Social Housing between Relationships and Breakdowns”, as part of the PhD in Education Science, having the study case of a mixed methodological approach (in terms of quantity and quality). Conceptually, we choose a multidisciplinary theoretical framework, giving emphasis to the social-educational thinking and the relationship between loneliness and social exclusion, trying to find the guidelines of a lonely person. Our study case focused on the phenomenon of loneliness, special in urban areas where this problem is more acute/active. From the empirical point of view, we decided to work the human dimension in a social housing in the city of Porto. The data were collected using a Differential Scale of Loneliness (EDS) and direct inquiry of people, made through semi-structured interviews. The study allowed us to identify some of the variables that confirms the belief between the loneliness and the social exclusion.
47
Horká, Aneta. "Organizovaná občanská společnost, obec a soukromí majitelé bytů v systému sociálního bydlení v Praze 5." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353966.
Анотація:
This paper considers the issue of social housing and possibilities of cooperation between organized civil society, the municipality, and private landlords regarding social housing in the 5th district of Prague. I focused on the potential hidden in the possible involvement of private landlords and non profit organizations in the system of social housing. In the qualitative research I dealt with the role individual actors play in social housing, as well as possible parallels with social entrepreneurship. I made eleven interviews and one focus group with representatives of the target group households. The paper includes also a description of foreign trends in social housing, and closely considers the German and Dutch cases. It brings forth an analysis of the housing situation in Prague 5, and a proposition of an innovative model of social housing in this particular district.
48
Nastase, Iulia. "La gentrification du quartier Hochelaga-Maisonneuve : le discours sur la mixité à l’épreuve de ses réalités socio-spatiales." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25079.
Анотація:
La notion de mixité sociale est devenue un thème itératif des débats portant sur les enjeux du renouvèlement urbain, sur les politiques d’accès au logement et, plus généralement, sur la gentrification (Germain et Rose, 2010 ; Bridge, Butler, Lees, 2012). La mixité sociale est tour à tour utilisée, à différentes fins, par des acteurs aussi divers que les politiques, la société civile, les universitaires, les planificateurs urbains et les producteurs urbains, comme les promoteurs immobiliers (Charmes et Bacqué, 2016). Pour les uns, la mixité est un idéal juste à atteindre ; pour les autres, elle participe à rendre invisible la complexité des rapports de pouvoir qui se jouent entre les acteurs de la fabrique urbaine et les dynamiques d’exclusion qu’ils sous-tendent.Nous verrons comment la notion de mixité sociale accompagne la transformation actuelle du quartier d’Hochelaga-Maisonneuve. L’objectif vise à analyser les motivations, modalités d’action et intérêts des acteurs publics, privés et de la société civile qui défendent la notion de mixité sociale, et qui s’appuient sur elle pour justifier ou participer à la transformation du quartier d’Hochelaga-Maisonneuve. Nous nous demanderons si la notion de mixité sociale, en tant que telle, fait l’objet de politiques et de projets spécifiques. Réduit-elle les impacts négatifs de la gentrification, ou au contraire, sert-elle à mieux les justifier et à les retirer du débat politique ?
Pour expliquer notre propos, nous allons présenter un film documentaire, ainsi qu’une dissertation écrite. Pendant ce projet, nous avons interviewé 28 personnes, choisi seulement 13 pour le montage final, parlé avec plus de 100 personnes habitant le quartier. La durée du film documentaire sera de 60 minutes et il a été filmé pendant une période d’une année, à travers plusieurs saisons.The notion of social mix has become an iterative theme reflecting the ongoing discourse surrounding the high stakes of urban redevelopment, the policies of housing, and the impact of gentrification. Diverse actors such as politicians, socialites, academics, urban planners, and real estate developers frequently employ social mix. For some, social mix is an ideal to strive for, while for others, this notion is just another way to render invisible the complex relationship that exist between the actors of the urban fabric and the implied dynamics of exclusion. We will investigate how the notion of social mix accompanies the present transformations of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, a working-class neighbourhood of Montreal. The purpose herein is to analyse the motivations, the modalities, and the interests of both public and private actors, in order to defend the notion of social mix and to justify the participants in the transformation of this neighbourhood. We examine if social mix, as part of a political agenda promoting specific urban projects, is really reducing the negative impacts of gentrification, or, on the contrary, is it helping to justify urban policies? In order to show our research results, we will present a documentary film and a short thesis. For the purpose of this project, we originally filmed 28 participants, yet chose only 13 for the final editing. Moreover, we interviewed over 100 individuals residing in the neighbourhood. The film lasts 60 minutes and was shot during different seasons for a period of one year.
49
Pedro, Francisco António João. "A integração social dos desalojados da Ilha de Luanda, caso distrito do Zango - Viana." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18713.
Анотація:
A estabilidade política e social de Angola tem desencadeado um aumento do número de projetos em infraestruturas, que levam ao desalojamento de populações que, sem voz, são levadas para outros lugares por processos de realojamentos forçados, transformados em deslocados internos, em pleno período de paz e estabilidade política. Os bairros de realojamento surgem como resposta à necessidade social e politica de erradicar os bairros degradados que limitam a fronteira do asfalto entre a zona urbana e peri-urbana, ou ainda, o interior do urbano. No domínio social a preocupação centra-se nas condições básicas de vida da população realojada, mormente o acesso aos serviços sociais básicos e dos processos de desintegração que marcaram o seu quotidiano. No domínio político acrescem a estas preocupações a necessidade de reabilitação dos centros urbanos. Pretende-se com este trabalho abordar o processo de integração social dos desalojados da Ilha no distrito do Zango, comuna do Calumbo, município de Viana.
O objetivo geral do estudo consistiu em analisarmos o processo de integração social das famílias desalojadas da Ilha de Luanda e transferidas para o Distrito do Zango1, município de Viana no período de 2009 a 2012. Este estudo incorporou vários procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos. Realizamos a pesquisa e análise documental de diversos autores considerados na área de investigação. Incidiu na abordagem qualitativa, sendo que a técnica utilizada na recolha de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, orientada por um guião. Aplicou-se a análise de conteúdo, a qual foi organizada em categorias, assentando no cruzamento dos elementos teóricos com os elementos empíricos, de acordo com os objetivos definidos na pesquisa.
Concluímos que o processo de desalojamento e realojamento das populações da ilha não acompanhou os pressupostos legais e verificamos haver um retrocesso na vida das famílias e falta de serviços sociais básicos que lhes assegurem uma melhor integração social.The political and social stability in Angola has led to an increase in the number of infrastructure projects that lead to the displacement of populations who are displaced and forced and relocated, turned into people without voice and protection, in the middle of a period of peace and political stability. Re-housing districts arise in response to the social and political need to eradicate dishonored neighborhoods that limit the boundary between the urban and non-urban areas, or the urban interior. In the social domain, the concern is centered on the basic living conditions of the household population, especially access to basic social services and the processes of disintegration that marked their daily lives. In the policy area, the need to rehabilitate urban centers is compounded by these concerns. This work intends to address the process of social integration of the displaced people of the Island in the district of Zango, commune of Calumbo, municipality of Viana. The general objective of the study was to analyze the process of social integration of displaced families from Luanda Island and transferred to the District of Zango, municipality of Viana from 2009 to 2012. This study incorporated several theoretical and methodological procedures. We conduct the research and documentary analysis of several authors considered in the research area. Focused on the qualitative approach, and the technique used in the data collection was the semi-structured interview, guided by a script. The content analysis was applied, which was organized into categories, based on the intersection of the theoretical elements with the empirical elements, according to the objectives defined in the research. We conclude that the process of displacement and resettlement of the island's population did not follow the legal conditions and there was a setback in the lives of families and lack of basic social services that ensure a better social integration.
50
Goyer, Renaud. "«Déménager ou rester là»: rapports sociaux inégalitaires dans l’expérience des locataires." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20814.