Готові списки джерел за темами / Landscape monuments

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Landscape monuments"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 12 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Landscape monuments".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Landscape monuments":

Herasymenko, I., and S. Maksymov. "PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUATION OF MONUMENTS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.47.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The article analyzes the current state of the regulatory framework governing the valuation of cultural monuments, in particular, the Monetary Valuation of Monuments approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated September 26, 2002 No. 1447. The classification of conservation categories by a monument (national and local significance) and types of monuments (archeology, history, monumental art, architecture and urban planning, landscape gardening art, historical landscape, science and technology) is given. The main problem in determining the value of monuments is to take into account not only the material factors of the monuments and its degree of wear, but also the consideration of its intangible factors, such as its historical, social, artistic value, the presence of objects of decorative art. That is, the cost of buildings-monuments of cultural heritage is formed: – due to the cost of the material “carrier” (land with improvements in the form of buildings, structures, small forms, etc.); – due to the value of the contribution of the intangible asset to the carrier. The article also describes the main problems that arise when assessing such objects (the presence of a monument’s status, the lack of an information base on market transactions, high operating costs, the need for restoration work, and high investment risks). The factors raising and lowering the value of a cultural heritage monument are characterized. Based on the analysis of the current regulatory framework, it was decided to develop practical recommendations for determining the value of real estate – monuments of architecture and urban planning, in particular built-in premises.

Bates, C. Richard, Martin Bates, Chris Gaffney, Vincent Gaffney, and Timothy D. Raub. "Geophysical Investigation of the Neolithic Calanais Landscape." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 2975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242975.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The northern and western isles of Scotland have proved fertile ground for archaeological investigation over the last 100 years. However, the nature of the landscape with its rugged coastlines and irregular topography, together with rapid peat growth rates, make for challenging surveying. Commonly, an archaeological monument or series of monuments is identified but little is known about the surrounding areas and, in particular, the palaeo-landscapes within which the monuments are located. This situation is exemplified by the standing stones of Calanais in Lewis. Here, surrounding peat bogs have buried a significant portion of the landscape around which the stones were first erected. This project identifies remote sensing geophysical techniques that are effective in mapping the buried (lost) landscape and thus aid better contextualisation of the stone monuments within it. Further, the project demonstrates the most appropriate techniques for prospecting across these buried landscapes for as yet unidentified stone features associated with the lives of the people who constructed the monuments.

Huebner, Thom, and Supakorn Phoocharoensil. "Monument as semiotic landscape." Linguistic Landscape. An international journal 3, no. 2 (October 6, 2017): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ll.3.2.01hue.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Abstract As semiotic spaces, monuments convey messages through multiple information design modes, including language, materiality and emplacement. As research on semiotic landscape has pointed out (e.g., Shohamy and Waksman 2009, Abousnnouga and Machin 2010, Train 2016), these messages are often contested in nature and convey competing discourses inherent in the spaces they occupy. This paper explores those competing discourses manifested in a monument dedicated to the 1976 student protest and violent suppression of it by the Thai military and right-wing paramilitary groups. Working within a production of space framework (Lefebvre 1991) and drawing on insights from the grammar of visual design (Kress and van Leeuwen 2006) and nexus analysis (Scollon and Scollon 2004), the paper attempts to show how these contested discourses are reflected in the monument’s historiography as conceived, in its physical appearance and emplacement, and as it is experienced today. The analysis is based on photographic data of the monument and its immediate physical context, published accounts of the events of October 6, and interviews with survivors, commemoration planners, and the monument’s designer.

Sims, Lionel, and David Fisher. "Through the Gloomy Vale: Underworld Alignments at Stonehenge." Culture and Cosmos 21, no. 1 and 2 (2017): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01221.0203.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Three recent independently developed models suggest that some Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments exhibit dual design properties in monument complexes by pairing obverse structures. Parker Pearson’s1 materiality model proposes that monuments of wood are paired with monuments of stone, these material metaphors respectively signifying places of rituals for the living with rituals for the dead. Higginbottom’s2 landscape model suggests that many western Scottish megalithic structures are paired in mirror-image landscape locations in which the horizon distance, direction and height of one site is the topographical reverse of the paired site – all in the service of ritually experiencing the liminal boundaries to the world. Sims’3 diacritical model suggests that materials, landscapes and lunar-solar alignments are diacritically combined to facilitate cyclical ritual processions between paired monuments through a simulated underworld. All three models combine in varying degrees archaeology and archaeoastronomy and our paper tests them through the case study of the late Neolithic/EBA Stonehenge Palisade in the Stonehenge monument complex.

Chapman, Henry P. "Rethinking the ‘Cursus Problem’ – Investigating the Neolithic Landscape Archaeology of Rudston, East Yorkshire, UK, using GIS." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 71 (2005): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000992.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

In terms of their interpretation, cursus monuments remain arguably the most enigmatic class of Neolithic landscape monument. This paper reconsiders this ‘cursus problem’ through the study of the complex of cursuses that surrounds the village of Rudston, East Yorkshire. Using a GIS-based analysis, it is argued that two distinct forms of architecture can be recognised. In the earlier phase it is possible to recognise the importance of somatic experience generated through movement along the interior of the monuments, incorporating elements of visual surprise in addition to constant visual relationships with earlier monuments. By the later phase, somatic experience becomes less important, with the cursus forming a more naturalised role in harmony with the natural landscape and less structured for movement. The results of this analysis have wider implications for the study of both cursus landscapes elsewhere and prehistoric landscape archaeology more generally.

Howey, Meghan C. L., Michael W. Palace, and Crystal H. McMichael. "Geospatial modeling approach to monument construction using Michigan from A.D. 1000–1600 as a case study." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 27 (June 21, 2016): 7443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603450113.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Building monuments was one way that past societies reconfigured their landscapes in response to shifting social and ecological factors. Understanding the connections between those factors and monument construction is critical, especially when multiple types of monuments were constructed across the same landscape. Geospatial technologies enable past cultural activities and environmental variables to be examined together at large scales. Many geospatial modeling approaches, however, are not designed for presence-only (occurrence) data, which can be limiting given that many archaeological site records are presence only. We use maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt), which works with presence-only data, to predict the distribution of monuments across large landscapes, and we analyze MaxEnt output to quantify the contributions of spatioenvironmental variables to predicted distributions. We apply our approach to co-occurring Late Precontact (ca. A.D. 1000–1600) monuments in Michigan: (i) mounds and (ii) earthwork enclosures. Many of these features have been destroyed by modern development, and therefore, we conducted archival research to develop our monument occurrence database. We modeled each monument type separately using the same input variables. Analyzing variable contribution to MaxEnt output, we show that mound and enclosure landscape suitability was driven by contrasting variables. Proximity to inland lakes was key to mound placement, and proximity to rivers was key to sacred enclosures. This juxtaposition suggests that mounds met local needs for resource procurement success, whereas enclosures filled broader regional needs for intergroup exchange and shared ritual. Our study shows how MaxEnt can be used to develop sophisticated models of past cultural processes, including monument building, with imperfect, limited, presence-only data.

Ravvin, Norman. "Placed Upon the Landscape, Casting Shadows: Jewish Canadian Monuments and Other Forms of Memory." Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes 31 (May 18, 2021): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.40212.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

This essay explores monuments, including the National Holocaust Monument in Ottawa, and gravestones in Jewish cemeteries in Montreal and Vancouver. Alongside these sites it considers how Canadian Jewish literature presents possibilities for Jewish history and language to mark the Canadian landscape though a consideration of Leonard Cohen and Eli Mandel. A discussion of Canadian monuments is relevant in light of recent demonstrations focused on removing statues and monuments from parks and government buildings. The essay contrasts community-inspired projects like Vancouver’s Holocaust memorial with Ottawa’s “National”monument, whose unveiling prompted a discussion about appropriate ways to represent history.Cet essai explore les monuments, y compris le monument national de l’Holocauste à Ottawa, et les pierres tombales des cimetières juifs de Montréal et de Vancouver. Parallèlement à ces sites, il examine comment la littérature juive canadienne, notamment les écrits de Leonard Cohen et Eli Mandel, offre des opportunités pour l’histoire et la langue juives de marquer le paysage canadien. Une discussion sur les monuments canadiens est pertinente à la lumière des récentes manifestations visant à retirer les statues et les monuments des parcs et des édifices gouvernementaux. L’essai met en contraste des projets d’inspiration communautaire comme le mémorial de l’Holocauste de Vancouver et le monument « national » d’Ottawa, dont le dévoilement a suscité une discussion sur les moyens appropriés de représenter l’histoire.

PETTERSON, ANNE. "The monumental landscape from below: public statues, popular interaction and nationalism in late nineteenth-century Amsterdam." Urban History 46, no. 04 (February 20, 2019): 722–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926819000154.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

ABSTRACT:Public monuments are considered an important tool in the nineteenth-century nation-building project. Yet while the intended (nationalist) message of the monumental landscape is often clear, the popular perception of the statues and memorials has been little problematized. This contribution analyses the popular interaction with public monuments in late nineteenth-century Amsterdam and questions whether ordinary people understood the nationalist meaning. With the help of visual sources – engravings, lithographs and the novel medium of photography – we become aware of the multilayered meanings and usages of the monuments in daily urban life, thus tackling the methodological challenge of studying the monumental landscape from below.

Boado, Felipe Criado, and Victoria Villoch Vázquez. "Monumentalizing landscape: From present perception to the past meaning of Galician megalithism (north-west Iberian Peninsula)." European Journal of Archaeology 3, no. 2 (2000): 188–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2000.3.2.188.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The study of landscape as social construction implies considering its economic and territorial dimensions, as much as its symbolic ones. A major topic in such kinds of studies is the reconstruction of the ways in which natural and social space was perceived by past societies. We ought to approach the project of building an archaeology of perception. One of the aims of such a research programme would be the evaluation of the effects of natural and artificial landscape features on past human observers. This paper will argue that a possible strategy for studying these dimensions of past landscapes could be based on the systematic analysis of the visual features of prehistoric monuments and in the characterization of the scenic effects and vistas related to them. A detailed analysis of the pattern of location of megalithic monuments and of their visibility and intervisibility allows us to recognize certain regularities which display an intention to take account of monuments by provoking dramatic artificial effects. In such a way, we could approach a phenomenology of prehistoric perception without falling into merely subjective solutions. This study is based on a systematic review of the megalithic monuments from Sierra de Barbanza (north-west Iberia). Its main aims are: (1) the proposal for a theoretical and methodological study of these phenomena, combined with; (2) a case-study to reconstruct those monumental strategies used to shape cultural landscapes in Neolithic Europe, and; (3) the explanation of continuities and changes of these traditions.

Tóth, Attila, Axel Timpe, Richard Stiles, Doris Damyanovic, István Valánszki, Alena Salašová, Agata Cieszewska, and Elizabeth Brabec. "Small Sacral Christian Architecture in the Cultural Landscapes of Europe." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 22, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2019-0001.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Abstract Though often overlooked due to its scale, small sacral Christian architecture has a significant importance in cultural landscapes in Europe and beyond. It represents a shared international cultural heritage and is significant in its diversity, distribution and abundance across cultural landscapes. The tradition of the artistic depiction of the cross in Christianity dates back to the 4th century AD. The first monuments in the form of crosses were placed in open landscapes in Scotland in the 7th century. The most important period for the spread of small sacral architecture of Catholic origin in eastern Europe was during the Baroque, thus most of the preserved small sacral monuments date back to the late 17th,18th and 19th centuries. They are often accompanied by monumental single trees or a compositionally organised group of trees and create a sacred composition of nature and culture. They have become important landmarks, indicators of place and landscape features of spatial organization, representing a significant historical legacy and cultural heritage for future generations. This article elaborates on the origin, historical development and landscape values of small sacral Christian architecture, as well as their relation to separate natural monuments or natural features that create part of the sacral composition, such as memorial trees growing around them. This article introduces the topic of sacral architecture and its contribution to the character and identity of European cultural landscapes.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Landscape monuments":

Semple, Sarah Jane. "Anglo-Saxon attitudes to the past : a landscape perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270145.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Grima, Reuben. "Monuments in search of a landscape : the landscape context of monumentality in Late Neolithic Malta." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444725/.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

From the mid-4th to the mid-3rd millennium BC, the Maltese archipelago was characterized by a dense concentration of monumental activity. Archaeological research has generally focussed on the monumental buildings themselves, paying less attention to the environment that surrounded these structures. The present thesis is aimed at addressing this lacuna. The history of approaches to Maltese prehistory is reviewed, and it is argued that the neglect of the landscape setting is related to the practice of archaeology in a colonial context. Chapter 3 considers the physical characteristics and dynamics of the island environment. The landscape context of megalithic buildings is analysed using a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) model of the archipelago. Chapter 4 uses a bivariate approach, while Chapter 5 uses multivariate techniques. A number of environmental variables that influence site location are identified, and a model for the choice of monument location is proposed. It is demonstrated that the location of megalithic monuments was closely determined by windows of opportunity in the natural landscape. The resulting insights into the decision-making processes of this period contribute to a better understanding of the priorities and values of the builders. It is argued that megalithic monuments played an important role in transforming natural divisions in the landscape into cultural units of organisation. The following chapters continue the analysis at a different scale, focussing on the buildings themselves. The organisation of architectural space and the deployment of images within these buildings are examined. It is argued that these spaces and images make ordered references to the island environment. This relationship may be better understood in the light of the landscape setting of the buildings. A fresh interpretative model for this evidence is proposed, where it is argued that these architectural forms may be better understood in terms of symbolic storage, movement and performance.

Lewis, Jodie. "Monuments, ritual and regionality : the neolithic of northern Somerset." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340351.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sharpe, Kate. "Motifs, monuments and mountains : prehistoric rock art in the Cumbrian landscape." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1362/.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

This thesis presents a comprehensive review and analysis of the prehistoric rock carvings in the county of Cumbria in NW England. It builds upon Beckensall's Prehistoric Rock Art in Cumbria (2002), focussing on a substantial study area with diverse topography, and seeking to understand the rock art in relation to the natural landscape and known archaeology, and in the context of rock art traditions in neighbouring regions. Systematic evaluation of the database resulted in the exclusion of several panels of `rock art', which were determined to be of geological origin. Additional panels were sought by increasing public awareness and through direct field-survey, and six new panels were documented. Further examples were identified from literature sources, and all were collated in a revised dataset. From the landscape characteristics of known panels, predictive theoretical models were developed, and areas matching these models were field-surveyed. These demonstrated that the upland rock art tradition of NE England does not appear to cross into Cumbria, and that a very different, outcrop-based practice occurred in the central valleys. GIS was used to explore the updated dataset for relationships between rock art, topography, and archaeology. Three groups of panels with shared characteristics were further investigated, focussing on the materiality of the carved rocks, their accessibility within the landscape, their potential social and religious dimensions, and their extended biographies within multiple contexts. Connections with seasonal expeditions for the procurement of stone were explored and the notion of natural route-ways applied to account for the location of rock art at key communication nodes. Concepts of `natural monuments' and `ancestral art' were also considered, with topographical elements such as rivers and mountains, and natural features like fissures and solution hollows, argued to be integral to a social and sacred landscape, which was signified and enhanced by rock carvings.

Hawley, Donovan William. "Lithics, landscape and people : life beyond the monuments in prehistoric Guernsey." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/411814/.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Although prehistoric megalithic monuments dominate the landscape of Guernsey, these have yielded little information concerning the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Early Bronze Age communities who inhabited the island in a broader landscape and maritime context. For this thesis it was therefore considered timely to explore the alternative material culture resource of worked flint and stone archived in the Guernsey museum. Largely ignored in previous archaeological narratives on the island or considered as unreliable data, the argument made in this thesis is for lithics being an ideal resource that, when correctly interrogated, can inform us of past people’s actions in the landscape. In order to maximise the amount of obtainable data, the lithics were subjected to a wide ranging multi-method approach encompassing all stages of the châine opératoire from material acquisition to discard, along with a consideration of the landscape context from which the material was recovered. The methodology also incorporated the extensive corpus of lithic knowledge that has been built up on the adjacent French mainland, a resource largely passed over in previous Channel Island research. By employing this approach, previously unknown patterns of human occupation and activity on the island, and the extent and temporality of maritime connectivity between Guernsey and mainland areas has been revealed. Further, a greater understanding of the lithic industry on the island has been achieved through the cross referencing of assemblages with those of the adjacent French mainland. It is argued that this research has made an original contribution to the archaeological knowledge of Guernsey. Not only has the value of a comprehensive lithic research programme been proven, but the understanding of the prehistory of Guernsey has been enhanced and visibility of peoples’ lives beyond the monuments has been gained.

Dobson, Lemont. "Landscape, monuments and the construction of social power in early medieval Deira." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11025/.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Wigley, Andrew. "Building monuments, constructing communities : landscapes of the first millenium BC in the central Welsh Marches." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6005/.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

This research examines the archaeological sequence from the first millennium BC in the central Welsh Marches. It situates the hillforts of this region within their broader landscape context by considering the practices involved in their construction, and their position within wider networks of routine activity. In order to achieve this, a detailed historiographical account of archaeological work on these monuments is presented. This forms the basis of a series of critically informed interpretations of the later prehistory of this region. My central thesis is that we must consider the landscape as Process if we wish to interpret the nested social relations that operated in this period. This demands that we develop a detailed understanding of the regional context of the practices associated with building and inhabiting the hillforts. As such, we need to explore the patterning and temporality of various forms of activity across the landscape, in order to comprehend how both places and objects were bound up in the reproduction of historically contingent social relations. I will work at different scales with a variety of forms of evidence. I examine the complex human palaeoecology of the region, considering how the structure of the landscape was created and sustained by the building and reworking of these monuments. In doing so, I place the developments we associate with the building of the first hillforts within their historical context. I also address the relationship between the hillforts and other classes of monuments, and how their inhabitation articulated with the creation, use and deposition of various forms of material culture. By moving beyond previous interpretative models, I demonstrate how these monuments became an integral part of the social worlds of the first millennium BC.

Roughley, Corinne Frances. "Neolithic monuments in the southern Morbihan landscape : GIS and visualisation for archaeological interpretation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620443.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kilfeather, Annaba. "A tomb with a view : landscape and monuments of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in mid-Leinster." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394516.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Bachand, Bruce Robert. "Preclassic Excavations at Punta de Chimino, Peten, Guatemala: Investigating Social Emplacement on an Early Maya Landscape." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196114.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Two excavation seasons in Punta de Chimino's E-Group Acropolis provide a record of monument construction, refurbishment, desecration, and abandonment. This evidence is used to explore the material dimensions of social emplacement--any act, event, practice, or behavior that affects the way a community and its descendants relate to a particular locality over time. The attributes and treatment of monuments are taken to signify cultural and political dispositions. An extensive overview of Preclassic and Protoclassic Maya archaeology situates Punta de Chimino's monumental remains in different historical settings. Bayesian analysis of the stratified sequence of radiocarbon and luminescence dates is used to accurately pinpoint the timing of specific cultural events. Stratigraphy and radiometry allow refinement of the Punta de Chimino ceramic sequence. In the end, varied lines of material evidence are garnered to infer changing social orientations toward Punta de Chimino's ceremonial precinct and the ancient Mesoamerican world at large.

Більше джерел

Книги з теми "Landscape monuments":

Ortner, Peter. Naturdenkmäler in Südtirol: Beschreibung und Wandervorschläge. Bozen: Athesia, 1991.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Tilley, Christopher Y. A phenomenology of landscape: Places, paths, and monuments. Oxford, UK: Berg, 1994.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Beckensall, Stan. Cumbrian prehistoric rock art: Symbols, monuments and landscape. Hexham: Stan Beckensall, 1992.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Inglis, Kenneth Stanley. Sacred places: War memorials in the Australian landscape. Carlton, Vic: Miegunyah Press at Melbourne University Press, 1998.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Inglis, Kenneth Stanley. Sacred places: War memorials in the Australian landscape. Carlton, Vic: Miegunyah Press at Melbourne University Press, 1998.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Alcock, Susan E. Archaeologies of the Greek past: Landscape, monuments, and memories. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Tom, Williamson. Sutton Hoo and its landscape: The context of monuments. Oxford, UK: Windgather Press, 2008.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Barrett, John C. Landscape, monuments, and society: The prehistory of Cranborne Chase. Cambridge, [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Darvill, Timothy. Stonehenge: The biography of a landscape. Stroud: Tempus, 2007.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

McMann, Jean. Loughcrew: The cairns : a guide to an ancient Irish landscape. Oldcastle: After Hours Books, 1993.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Landscape monuments":

Harmanşah, Ömür. "Rock Reliefs and Landscape Monuments." In A Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 483–505. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336779.ch20.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sassatelli, Monica. "From Monuments to Landscapes: the European Landscape Convention." In Becoming Europeans, 141–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250437_6.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Carson, Mike T. "A.D. 1000–1700, A Sea of Islands and Monuments." In Archaeological Landscape Evolution, 221–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31400-6_13.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Peterson, John A., Rufino Mauricio, and Augustine Kohler. "Indigenous care of heritage monuments." In Indigenous Peoples, Heritage and Landscape in the Asia Pacific, 168–82. New York : Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003126690-11.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Culatti, Michele. "Bridges in the Landscape: Qualitative Aspects." In 10th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, 669–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78093-1_72.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Jaeger, Mary. "Urban Landscape, Monuments, and the Building of Memory in Livy." In A Companion to Livy, 65–77. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118339015.ch5.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Báez Mezquita, Juan Manuel. "Drawing Architecture in the Landscape: The Graphic Analysis of Monuments in Their Natural Surroundings." In Graphical Heritage, 119–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47987-9_10.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

ANGELETOPOULOS, IPPOKRATIS. "FUNERARY MONUMENTS AND LANDSCAPE:." In Achaios, 1–12. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxw3ngx.7.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Van de Noort, Robert. "Socializing coastal landscapes." In North Sea Archaeologies. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199566204.003.0010.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

For many decades, archaeologists have studied the ways in which past people have made the landscapes they inhabited their own, through the construction of paths and roads, monuments, settlements, and field systems, leading to what has been termed ‘cultural landscapes’. Such approaches have great validity on land. Archaeologists’ interest in constructed monuments, for example, enables the analysis of social structures and social changes over centuries, and nowhere is this approach more vigorously pursued than for the monument-rich Wessex region in the Neolithic and Bronze Age (e.g. Renfrew 1973; Barrett 1997). In order to achieve such a social analysis of monuments, understanding the sequences of construction, alteration, modification, and sometimes conversion is a long-standing theme in archaeological landscape research (e.g. Bradley 1998). The notion that ‘one type of monument could only be read and understood in relation to the others’ (Tilley 1994: 203) is broadly accepted. Most archaeologists have taken it for granted that man-made features and monuments survive for centuries, and much human activity in the landscape, including the construction of new monuments, is believed to have been guided by the presence of these monuments of the ancestors. A century is a short time in the lifespan of a monument. On the coast, however, few constructed monuments survive for so long. A recent example may help to illustrate the short-lived nature of monuments in coastal settings. On the North Sea coast of Jutland, between the villages of Lønstrop and Nørre Rubjerg, stands the Rubjerg Kunde lighthouse. Inaugurated in 1900, this 23 m-high lighthouse was taken out of commission in 1968, but the outbuildings were converted into a cafeteria and a museum. These were abandoned in 2002 as the sand dunes covered the outhouses, leaving only the upper part of the lighthouse prey to the dunes. Some of the nearby dunes stand higher than the top of the lighthouse. The site now attracts unprecedented numbers of visitors, who come to see the interplay between human creation and natural forces at work. On the coast, the landscape is changing constantly.

"Table Of Post-Apartheid Monuments." In Landscape of Memory, 387–99. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004178564.i-410.130.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Landscape monuments":

Torrejón Valdelomar, Juan, Mario Wallner, Immo Trinks, Matthias Kucera, Nika Luznik, Klaus Löcker, and Wolfgang Neubauer. "BIG DATA IN LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.4200.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

While traditionally archaeological research has mainly been focused on individual cultural heritage monuments or distinct archaeological sites, the Austrian based Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology goes beyond the limitations of discrete sites in order to understand their archaeological context. This is achieved by investigating the space in-between the sites, studying entire archaeological landscapes from the level of individual postholes to the mapping of numerous square kilometres. This large-scale, high-resolution, multi-method prospection approach leads to enormous digital datasets counting many terabytes of data that until recently were technically not manageable. Novel programs and methods of data management had to be developed for data acquisition, processing and archaeological interpretation, in order to permit the extraction of the desired information from the very big amount of data. The analysis of the generated datasets is conducted with the help of semi-automatic algorithms within complex three-, or even four-dimensional geographical information systems. The outcome of landscape archaeological prospection surveys is visually communicated to the scientific community as well as to the general public and stakeholders. In many cases, a visualization of the scientific result and archaeological interpretations can be a powerful and suitable tool to illustrate and communicate even complex contexts to a wide audience. This paper briefly presents the great potential offered by a combination of large-scale non-invasive archaeological prospection methods and standardized workflows for the integration of big data, its interpretation and visualization. The proposed approach provides a context for buried archaeology across entire archaeological landscapes, changing our understanding of known monuments. We address the overcome and remaining challenges with the help of examples taken from outstanding landscape archaeological prospection case studies.

Zaytseva, A. M. "NATURAL MONUMENTS IN THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY (HISTORICAL AND MEMORIAL DEPARTMENT «THE HOMESTY V.P. SUKACHEVA» IRKUTSK REGIONAL ART MUSEUM)." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-96.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The problems of preserving biological and landscape diversity in the historical park of the Estate of V.P. Sukacheva. Presented are forms of work with visitors aimed at the formation of an ecological culture and the preservation of a natural monument.

Alekseeva, Ksenia A., and Oleg G. Zotov. "FEATURES OF DESIGNING LANDSCAPE-ECOLOGICAL ROUTES FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN IN THE TERRITORY OF THE NATIONAL PARK “SAMARA LUKA” SAMARA REGION." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-214-216.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The national Park “Samarskaya Luka” and the adjacent “Zhigulevsky state reserve of I. I. Sprygin” is a special territory that includes a variety of natural monuments, natural landscapes, unique flora and fauna for the forest-steppe zone. In this regard, this area opens up a wide potential for tourism, which is actively implemented by the management of the national Park. The purpose of this article is to show the prospects of studying this territory in the framework of a school geography course, conducting field trips along pre – developed routes on the territory of this protected area.

LAMBRINOS, NIKOS, and Efthimios-Spyridon Georgiou. "YEDI KULE - MONUMENT ROAD RACE: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE 3D MAPPING ANIMATION OF THE OLD CITY OF THESSALONIKI, GREECE." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12046.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

This project refers to the construction of a 3D map of Thessaloniki’s historical route. The Yedi Kule Conquest – Monument Road Race took place in the old city of Thessaloniki, which was built during the Byzantine and Ottoman period. The purpose of this project is the digital recording of the castles, the monuments, the old churches, the traditional buildings, and the squares which are prime examples of the architectural beauty of the place. The methodology of the project is based on the online software Google Earth Studio and Adobe Premiere Pro. These are the tools of digitization, rendering, and building process of the animation. With this methodology, the authors achieved the documentation of land use and the architectural landscape. The animation is a credible graphic index of the historical background of Thessaloniki. The Yedi Kule area constitutes of a cultural mosaic made from different historic periods. The buildings and the neighbourhoods give the sense of transition of the narrow roads, the old Christian churches, the house of the first Turkish governor, and the byzantine castle to the modern city. In Thessaloniki, three historic periods coexist the Ancient Greek/Roman, the Byzantine, and Ottoman Empire. The responsibility of the governmental politics and of every citizen of Thessaloniki is to promote and preserve the historic background of the city. The final product offers a good opportunity for the digital storage of Thessaloniki’s old city. The animation creates an interactive environment that portrays the current image of the transition from the old to a modern city.

Сергей, Дианов. "REPRESENTATION OF GEOCULTURAL POTENTIAL IN THE VISUAL AND AESTHETIC APPEARANCE OF KRASNOUFIMSK." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNANCE, ECONOMICS. Publishing House of Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2020.31.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The article defines the prospects for using the geocultural potential of the city of Krasnoufimsk, Sverdlovsk region for the development of creative spaces in the city. In 2021, Krasnoufimsk will celebrate its 285th anniversary. The unique natural landscape, monuments of "Zemstvo" architecture and urban planning attract the attention of leading scientists, experts, tourists and sightseers. At the same time, in the modern visual appearance of Krasnoufimsk there is an accent of a nonde-script typical provincialism. To transform the urban environment, filling it with vi-brant artistic and aesthetic images, projects are currently in demand for creating model strategies for organizing a creative image of the city. The author believes that it is possible to use the fair past and present of Krasnoufimsk as the basis for the strategy of geocultural branding. Krasnoufimskaya fair can act as a generator of the "creative energy" of the city, motivate urban audiences to cultural activities and implement their own creative projects in the urban environment.

Roascio, Stefano, Luigi Oliva, and Francesca Romana Paolillo. "SANTA MARIA NOVA (VIA APPIA ANTICA, ROME), II – XX A.D. ARCHAEOLOGY OF ARCHITECTURE OF A LONGLIFE BUILDING." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12530.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The historical complex of Santa Maria Nova, located in the heart of the Parco Archeologico dell'Appia Antica in Rome, is a real monumental "palimpsest" that has been developed from the Second century A.D. until the last restorations, which have transformed it into an exhibition center of the via Appia Antica, within an archaeological, monumental and landscape context unique in the world. The contribution aims to illustrate the analysis, conducted through the methodologies of the archaeology of architecture, which has identified the various building phases that make up the monument as it has reached us to date, and studied the transformations of volumes and interior spaces due to changes in the intended use occurred over the centuries.

Talenti, Simona. "Visions “humaines” ou “infernales”: les moyens de transport et la perception de la ville chez Le Corbusier." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.821.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Résumé: Les représentations des villes depuis la mer ont eu, à partir du XVe siècle, un grand succès dans l’iconographie urbaine des voyageurs. Depuis 1911, Le Corbusier a pris l’habitude d’esquisser dans ses carnets de croquis les paysages urbains découverts au cours de son voyage en Orient. Villes, remparts ou monuments significatifs sont souvent représentés depuis la mer ou les fleuves, car l'arrivée en bateau autorise une perception progressive et globale du site. Suite à son séjour en Amérique du sud en 1929, l'architecte exprime ouvertement son appréciation pour la perspective obtenue depuis le bateau au milieu des baies, car ce point de vue lui permet de contextualiser immédiatement ses propositions d’aménagement urbain. De simple connaissance des villes, cette pratique iconographique devient, chez Le Corbusier, un instrument d’élaboration du projet. Mais la vue horizontale est bientôt accompagnée du procédé de survol des centres urbains pour appréhender la grandeur du paysage naturel et construit. À travers l’analyse des nombreuses images – dessins, croquis, photos – élaborées par Le Corbusier à partir des différents moyens de transport, ainsi que des commentaires accompagnant ces documents iconographiques et de quelques textes publiés, on essayera de mieux comprendre le rapport entre l’échelle de ces visions panoramiques et la nouvelle approche territoriale mise au point par Le Corbusier à partir des années Trente. Abstract: The representations of cities viewed from the sea have had, since the fifteenth century, a great success in urban iconography. From 1911, Le Corbusier began drawing urban landscapes in his sketchbooks, which he discovered during his trip to the Orient. Cities, fortifications or significant monuments are often depicted from the sea or rivers, because the arrival by boat allows a gradual and overall perception of the site. After his stay in South America in 1929, the architect openly expressed his appreciation for the panoramic view obtained from the boat in the middle of the bay. This point of view allows him to contextualize his urban development proposals immediately. This iconographic practice is no longer a simple function of knowledge, but it has become an instrument for realising the project. However, the horizontal view was soon accompanied by the process of flying over urban centres to understand the magnitude of the man-made and natural landscape. Through the analysis of the many images – drawings, sketches, photos – developed by Le Corbusier using different means of transport, of comments accompanying these iconographic documents and of some published texts, the paper aims to better understand the relationship between the scale of these panoramic visions and the new territorial approach developed by Le Corbusier from the Thirties onwards. Mots clés: moyens de transport; avion; bateau. Keywords: means of transport; airplane; boat DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.821

Gabellone, Francesco, Daniele Malfitana, Giovanni Leucci, Giuseppe Cacciaguerra, Ivan Ferrari, Francesco Giuri, Lara De Giorgi, and Claudia Pantellaro. "INTEGRATED METHODOLOGIES FOR A NEW RECONSTRUCTIVE PROPOSAL OF THE AMPHITHEATRE OF CATANIA." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3555.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The roman amphitheatre of Catania stands in a very complex and interesting area where settlement dynamics and transformations have profoundly marked its urban landscape. Over the centuries, the urban and architectural histories together with the formation of the archaeological deposits have led to the complete obliteration of the monument and restricted knowledge of its plan and architectural development. Therefore, it constitutes an interesting context in which to experiment methods and techniques for architectural representation and the three-dimensional reconstruction of the monument.

Pirtskhalava-Karpova, Nana R., Mikhail Y. Grishchenko, Alexander A. Karpov, and Evgeny E. Kozlovskiy. "CONCEPT OF A NEW ECO-TOURISTIK ROUTE ON THE LARGEST LAKE OF KUNASHIR ISLAND, KURILSKIY NATURE RESERVE." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-228-230.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Kunashir Island opens great potential for organizing eco-tourism. The island is rich in natural and cultural monuments, volcanic landscapes, a variety of representatives of coniferous and deciduous species. The purpose of this article is to develop an ecological-tourist route on Peschanoe Lake is the largest lake on Kunashir Island.

Palacios Aguilar, José del Carmen. "Chandigarh antes de Chandigarh (Cartografía de una idea)." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.639.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Resumen: La intención es exponer las ideas que llevaron a Le Corbusier a construir su último y único proyecto urbanístico “Chandigarh”;realizar su sueño de construir sobre una ciudad constituida por aquellos elementos prefigurados desde sus libretas, fotografías y textos de sus Viajes a Oriente, 1911 y Sud América, 1929. Le Corbusier encuentra en Chandigarh su ciudad imaginada, aquella configurada en base al constructo de la razón; montañas, paisajes, árboles, cielos, lagos y ríos, etc. y para ello diseñó un mapa en tres dimensiones que contuviese esa razón fundamental de todos sus años de trabajo: “El monumento de la mano abierta” es un lugar donde superpone esa geografía construida (la idealizada con la hallada), diversos dibujos han ido otorgándole en el tiempo esa capacidad de expresar la vocación del tiempo construido . La mano - además de serlo- ya no es más un símbolo o un “signo”, es un mapa topográfico que contiene sus propósitos esenciales. Chandigarh se construye sobre esa “ciudad imaginada” – siendo sus numerosos dibujos de montañas, ríos y lagos cartografiados desde los botes, trenes, y aviones, - Le Corbusier siempre estuvo a esperaba encontrar un lugar que coincidiera y encajara con todas esas condiciones naturales- alegrías esenciales- y ese lugar fue Punjab (India); allí es cuando se eclipsan realmente por primera vez todos sus elementos configurados. Las montañas del Himalaya y el Lago Suknha más que elementos geográficos - que constituyen los límites del proyecto- son esencialmente imprescindibles para comprenderlo. El monumento de la mano abierta se configura como un recurso ideográfico en la obra de Le Corbusier. Abstract: The intention is to present the ideas that led to Le Corbusier to build its latest and unique urban project "Chandigarh", realize his dream of building on a city made up of those elements foreshadowed from his notebooks, photographs and texts of his trips to East 1911 South America 1929. Le Corbusier in Chandigarh discovers his imagined city, that set based on the construct of reason; mountains, landscapes, trees, skies, lakes and rivers, etc. and for this he designed a three-dimensional map that contained the fundamental reason for all his years of work: "The monument open hand" is a place where overlaps that built geography (the idealized with found), various drawings have been giving at the time that ability to express the vocation of time built. Besides hand the be-is no longer a symbol or a "sign" is a topographic map containing the essential purposes. Chandigarh is built on the "imagined city" - remains his numerous drawings of mountains, rivers and lakes mapped from boats, trains, and planes - Le Corbusier was always expected to find a place to coincide and fit with all those naturales- conditions essential- there was joy and Punjab (India); that's when all set items are really overshadow first. Himalaya Mountains and Lake Suknha than geographic features - which form the boundaries of the project are essentially necessary to understand it. The open hand monument is configured as an ideographic resource in the work of Le Corbusier.Palabras clave: constructo, dibujos, viajes, publicaciones, mano abierta. Keywords: Construct, Drawings, Travels, Publications, Open Hand. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.639

Звіти організацій з теми "Landscape monuments":

Evans, Julie, Kendra Sikes, and Jamie Ratchford. Vegetation classification at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Mojave National Preserve, Castle Mountains National Monument, and Death Valley National Park: Final report (Revised with Cost Estimate). National Park Service, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279201.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Vegetation inventory and mapping is a process to document the composition, distribution and abundance of vegetation types across the landscape. The National Park Service’s (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) program has determined vegetation inventory and mapping to be an important resource for parks; it is one of 12 baseline inventories of natural resources to be completed for all 270 national parks within the NPS I&M program. The Mojave Desert Network Inventory & Monitoring (MOJN I&M) began its process of vegetation inventory in 2009 for four park units as follows: Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE), Mojave National Preserve (MOJA), Castle Mountains National Monument (CAMO), and Death Valley National Park (DEVA). Mapping is a multi-step and multi-year process involving skills and interactions of several parties, including NPS, with a field ecology team, a classification team, and a mapping team. This process allows for compiling existing vegetation data, collecting new data to fill in gaps, and analyzing the data to develop a classification that then informs the mapping. The final products of this process include a vegetation classification, ecological descriptions and field keys of the vegetation types, and geospatial vegetation maps based on the classification. In this report, we present the narrative and results of the sampling and classification effort. In three other associated reports (Evens et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2020c) are the ecological descriptions and field keys. The resulting products of the vegetation mapping efforts are, or will be, presented in separate reports: mapping at LAKE was completed in 2016, mapping at MOJA and CAMO will be completed in 2020, and mapping at DEVA will occur in 2021. The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) and NatureServe, the classification team, have completed the vegetation classification for these four park units, with field keys and descriptions of the vegetation types developed at the alliance level per the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). We have compiled approximately 9,000 existing and new vegetation data records into digital databases in Microsoft Access. The resulting classification and descriptions include approximately 105 alliances and landform types, and over 240 associations. CNPS also has assisted the mapping teams during map reconnaissance visits, follow-up on interpreting vegetation patterns, and general support for the geospatial vegetation maps being produced. A variety of alliances and associations occur in the four park units. Per park, the classification represents approximately 50 alliances at LAKE, 65 at MOJA and CAMO, and 85 at DEVA. Several riparian alliances or associations that are somewhat rare (ranked globally as G3) include shrublands of Pluchea sericea, meadow associations with Distichlis spicata and Juncus cooperi, and woodland associations of Salix laevigata and Prosopis pubescens along playas, streams, and springs. Other rare to somewhat rare types (G2 to G3) include shrubland stands with Eriogonum heermannii, Buddleja utahensis, Mortonia utahensis, and Salvia funerea on rocky calcareous slopes that occur sporadically in LAKE to MOJA and DEVA. Types that are globally rare (G1) include the associations of Swallenia alexandrae on sand dunes and Hecastocleis shockleyi on rocky calcareous slopes in DEVA. Two USNVC vegetation groups hold the highest number of alliances: 1) Warm Semi-Desert Shrub & Herb Dry Wash & Colluvial Slope Group (G541) has nine alliances, and 2) Mojave Mid-Elevation Mixed Desert Scrub Group (G296) has thirteen alliances. These two groups contribute significantly to the diversity of vegetation along alluvial washes and mid-elevation transition zones.

Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.