Дисертації з теми "Regional dependence"
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1
Lottmann, Franziska. "Spatial dependence in German labor markets." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16777.
Анотація:
Diese Dissertation umfasst drei empirische Analysen regionaler Arbeitsmärkte in Deutschland. Wir wenden dabei Methoden der räumlichen Ökonometrie auf regionale Arbeitsmarktdaten an, um der räumlichen Struktur von Arbeitsmarktaktivitäten Rechnung zu tragen. In der ersten Analyse schlagen wir ein räumliches Paneldatenmodell zur Untersuchung deutscher Matchingfunktionen vor. Mit Hilfe dieses Modells sollen verzerrte und ineffiziente Koeffizientenschätzungen aufgrund räumlicher Abhängigkeiten vermieden werden. Wir zeigen, dass das Vernachlässigen der räumlichen Struktur zu nach oben verzerrten Matchingkoeffizienten führt. Das Ziel der zweiten Untersuchung ist es, Bestimmungsfaktoren für regionale Unterschiede in Arbeitslosigkeit zu identifizieren. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein räumlich und zeitlich dynamisches Paneldatenmodell am besten für diese Fragestellung geeignet ist. Zudem zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass die regionalen Unterschiede in der deutschen Arbeitslosigkeit einen Ungleichgewichtszustand darstellen. Diese Erkenntnis kann als Argument für politische Interventionen dienen. In der letzten Analyse wenden wir uns der räumlichen Gewichtungsmatrix zu, der eine zentrale Bedeutung in räumlichen Modellen zukommt. Auf Basis einer empirischen Analyse wollen wir die Definition von räumlichen Gewichten untersuchen und ermitteln Faktoren, die die räumlichen Abhängigkeiten auf Arbeitsmärkten bestimmen. Dabei untersuchen wir sowohl unterschiedliche Dimensionen ökonomischer als auch geographische Distanzen als Wirkungskanal räumlicher Abhängigkeit. Für die Entscheidung, welche dieser Distanzdimensionen einen Einfluss auf die räumlichen Relationen hat, verwenden wir ein räumlich-autoregressives Modell höherer Ordnung. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass geographische Distanz alleine nicht ausreicht, um die räumlichen Interdependenzen zwischen regionalen Arbeitsmärkten zu erklären, sondern auch Dimensionen ökonomischer Distanz einen signifikanten Erklärgehalt haben.In this dissertation, we present different empirical analyses of regional labor markets in Germany. To account for the spatial structure of labor market activities, we apply spatial econometric methods to regional labor market data. In the first analysis, we propose a spatial panel model for German matching functions to avoid possibly biased and inefficient estimates due to spatial dependence. Based on an official data set, we show that neglecting spatial dependencies in the data results in upward-biased coefficients. Furthermore, our results suggest that a dynamic modeling is more appropriate for matching functions than a static approach. In the second analysis, we study determinants for regional differences in unemployment rates. We specify a spatial panel model to avoid biased and inefficient estimates due to spatial dependence. The study covers the whole of Germany as well as East and West Germany separately. Our results suggest that a spatial dynamic panel model is the best model for this analysis. Moreover, we find that German regional unemployment is of disequilibrium nature, which justifies political interventions. Finally, we study the spatial weights matrix which is the key component in spatial econometric models. We investigate empirically the issue of defining spatial weights in labor market applications and propose factors driving spatial dependence in regional labor markets. In addition to geographic distance, we consider different dimensions of economic distance as transmission channel of spatial dependence. To decide which factors influence spatial dependence in labor markets, we apply a higher-order spatial autoregressive model to data on regional labor markets in Germany. Our results suggest that geographic distance does not capture the spatial dependence between regional labor markets sufficiently but economic distance needs to be considered as well.
2
Berndt, Christian. "Ruhr companies between dynamic change and institutional persistence : globalisation, the 'German Model' and regional place dependence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624983.
3
Paiva, Witalo de Lima. "Desenvolvimento Regional Cearense: uma leitura a partir da anÃlise espacial do emprego." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4829.
Анотація:
O objetivo principal do estudo foi avaliar a presenÃa de dependÃncia espacial no estoque de emprego formal nos setores industrial e agropecuÃrio cearenses nos anos de 1997 e 2007. Busca-se, assim, identificar seus transbordamentos espaciais entre os municÃpios e desta forma perceber as contribuiÃÃes de cada setor para reverter as desigualdades entre as regiÃes cearenses. Para tanto se utilizou a AnÃlise ExploratÃria de Dados Espaciais (AEDE), ou Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), com destaque para utilizaÃÃo das estatÃsticas de autocorrelaÃÃo espacial I de Moran e Moran Local, e de mapas temÃticos. Os resultados indicam que ambos os setores, indÃstria e agropecuÃria, apresentaram um quadro semelhante, com Ãndices de autocorrelaÃÃo espacial crescentes mais ainda baixos que apontam para uma capacidade de transbordamento limitada. Deduz-se que tal limitaÃÃo barra o desenvolvimento das prÃprias atividades, em especial da indÃstria, e acaba por reduzir os efeitos positivos que estas atividades podem exercer no crescimento do mercado formal de trabalho, na oferta de emprego e renda, e, consequentemente, no processo de desenvolvimento econÃmico das regiÃes cearenses, alÃm de restringir tais efeitos a algumas poucas Ãreas do estado. Uma polÃtica de qualificaÃÃo territorial e o redesenho dos mecanismos de concessÃo de incentivos fiscais hoje utilizados poderiam ajudar a reverter esta realidade.
4
Badinger, Harald, Werner Müller, and Gabriele Tondl. "Regional convergence in the European Union (1985-1999). A spatial dynamic panel analysis." Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1786/1/document.pdf.
Анотація:
We estimate the speed of income convergence for a sample of 196 European NUTS 2 regions over the period 1985-1999. So far there is no direct estimator available for dynamic panels with strong spatial dependencies. We propose a two-step procedure, which involves first spatial filtering of the variables to remove the spatial correlation, and application of standard GMM estimators for dynamic panels in a second step. Our results show that ignorance of the spatial correlation leads to potentially misleading results. Applying a system GMM estimator on the filtered variables, we obtain a speed of convergence of 6.9 per cent and a capital elasticity of 0.43.Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
5
Kanchana, Kamonphorn. "Studies on Energy Security and International Relations: The Case of Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215646.
6
Signorile, Jacopo. "The impact of regionalisation and europeanization on regional development policies in Italy : policy innovation and path dependence." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/313/.
Анотація:
Scholars have proposed and investigated a view of social relations as social networks and therefore the role of public policy in creating new networks and new social and economic relations. Are different incumbent institutional settings a relevant variable to explain different regional policies responses to Regionalization and Europeanization? I will address this question with regard to the regional policy that was initiated in Italy in 1950 and that represented the country’s attempt to improve its economic and geographic cohesion. The hypothesis is that, within a devolution process, different adaptation to regionalization and Europeanization pressures are correlated to “path dependence” from incumbent institutional settings. Specific attention is dedicated to the role of “paradigms” in the processes analysed. This, in turn could generate different devolution outcomes, in terms of discrepancy between formal and effective outcomes. Devolution is analysed in terms of institutional change and policy (regional policy) change. Institutional change is operationalized in terms of changes in polity and administrative variables, and policy change is investigated through variables representing formal (policy issues, i.e. design and responsibility) and effective (financial, i.e. uses and sources) dynamics under the two different pressures for change identified: regionalization and Europeanization of regional policies. The research proposed is pertinent and important in the context of European integration where national policies have been restructured due to, on the one hand, regionalization—i.e., the transfer downward to the sub-national level—of policies formerly handled at the national level and, on the other, “Europeanization” or the transfer of policies upwards to the European level. This thesis investigates the dynamics of the “paradigm and policy shift” that took place within Italian regional policy between 1950 when the policy began and 1992 when the policy was officially terminated due to a dual transfer of the policy upward to the European level with the co-financing of cohesion policy and the transfer downward to the role of the regions as management authorities for the operational programmes that were responsible for the bulk of Italian regional funds.
7
Pijnenburg, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Spatial Dependence and Spatial Heterogeneity in the Analysis of Regional Economic Performance and House Price Developments / Katharina Pijnenburg." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035639173/34.
8
Sandberg, Krister. "Hedonic prices, economic growth, and spatial dependence." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ., 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-272.
9
Ahmed, Nasreldin Osama. "Using statistical copulas to measure dependence in the agrofood sector." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285931.
Анотація:
This thesis has been pursued in three papers whose nexus is the use of statistical copulas for the purpose of assessing dependence in the field of agrofood economics. The first paper aims at determining how the introduction of agricultural revenue insurance contracts in Spain will affect the cost of purchasing insurance, relative to yield insurance schemes. The empirical analysis focuses on the apple and orange sectors in Spain. Statistical copulas are used to jointly model price and yield perils. Monte Carlo simulation methods are employed to simulate premium rates both under revenue and yield insurance. Results indicate that revenue insurance is likely to reduce the price of agricultural insurance in Spain, which may result in higher acceptance and demand for agricultural insurance programs.
The second paper aims to study dependence between producer and consumer prices for millet markets in Niger. Links between prices considered are assessed by cointegration analysis and statistical copula methods. Results indicate a positive link between producer and consumer prices, which is stronger the closer the markets are. Evidence of asymmetric price behavior is also found.
The last paper assesses price transmission along the Egyptian tomato food marketing chain in the period that followed the Arab Spring. Static and time-varying copula methods are used for this purpose. Results suggest a positive link between producer, wholesaler and retail tomato prices. Such positive dependence is characterized by asymmetries during extreme market events, which lead price increases to be transferred more completely along the supply chain than price declines.Esta tesis se compone de tres artículos científicos cuyo nexo de unión es el uso de copulas estadísticas para analizar dependencia en el ámbito de la economía agroalimentaria. En el primer artículo, se estudia cómo la introducción de los contratos de seguro de ingresos agrícolas en España puede afectar el coste de la contratación de un seguro, en comparación con el tradicional seguro de rendimientos agrícolas. El análisis empírico se centra en los sectores de la manzana y la naranja en España. Las cópulas estadísticas se utilizan para modelar la dependencia entre los precios y los rendimientos agrarios. Los métodos Monte Carlo se utilizan para simular del importe de las primas del seguro de ingresos y del seguro de rendimientos. Los resultados indican que es probable que el seguro de ingresos reduzca el costo de los seguros agrarios en España, lo que puede conllevar una mayor aceptación y demanda de programas de seguros agrícolas. El segundo artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la dependencia entre los precios al productor y al consumidor en el mercado del mijo en Níger. Los vínculos entre los precios considerados son evaluados mediante un análisis de cointegración y el método estadístico de cópula. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de una relación positiva entre el precio del productor y del consumidor, la cuál aumenta cuanto más próximos se encuentren los mercados. También se han hallado evidencias de asimetría en el comportamiento de los precios. El último artículo evalúa la transmisión de precios a lo largo de la cadena de comercialización alimentaria egipcia del tomate. El estudio se centra en el período posterior a la Primavera Árabe. Métodos de copula estática y dinámica se utilizan con este propósito. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de una relación positiva entre los precios al productor, mayorista y vendedor al detalle. Esta dependencia positiva presenta asimetrías durante los eventos extremos del mercado, que conllevan que el aumento de los precios se transfiriera de manera más completa a lo largo de la cadena de suministro que las disminuciones de precio.
10
Lee, Taeheok. "The emergence of sub-regional representative institutions in South America in the twenty-first century : difference, similarity and path dependence." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9085/.
Анотація:
There is a large body of research dedicated to exploring the concept of regionalism (including ‘old’ versus ‘new’ regionalism) and how this applies to Latin America. Subsequently, this thesis poses the question of whether market-led regionalism can be used to deliver greater inclusivity and socially progressive policies that increase equality in Latin America. In this vein, this thesis argues that regionalism studies do not provide the key to understanding why there still seem to be under-represented groups who are suffering injustice despite recent changes in the political landscape in Latin America, particularly in terms of regional levels of projects and policies. Within this context, this thesis develops a conceptual framework that distinguishes different phases of Latin American new regionalism. Subsequently, this study focuses on exploring the degree to which local actors’ involvement in the procedure of regional projects, which is one of the characteristics of regionalism, is well-studied and understood. Specifically, the research will explore in-depth the regional projects and policies of the Initiative for Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA) under the umbrella of the Union of South America (UNASUR). For explorative purposes, this study was conducted at a local level, in which structural projects (i.e. the building of roads and bridges) are taking place. This study is centered upon a case study of several local areas in the state of Acre in Brazil, where one of ten region-wide projects, so called ‘Axes’, is actively progressing. In order to understand the changing context of South American regional integration, our analysis requires a focus on the following two factors: the historically-embedded societal structure and the increasing presence of China in the region. Specifically, this thesis highlights China as a new superpower entering this scene to replace the U.S., previously the sole actor in this region. It argues that despite this changing context and the rising power of China, it has not had a major impact on regionalism itself as well as increasing public input in regional governance, although it facilitates Latin American regional development and enhances geo-political status by reducing their dependence on the U.S. Finally, this round of research found that there is significant continuity in the lack of public engagement at the level of regional projects in South America, even when leftist governments, in this case in Brazil specifically, are in power.
11
Maranduba, Júnior Noé Gonçalves. "Política regional, crescimento econômico e convergência de renda em Minas Gerais." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2007. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5419.
Анотація:
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Minas Gerais apresenta grande heterogeneidade sócio-econômica. Assim, o problema fundamental é se as políticas regionais implementadas pelo governo foram eficazes (diminuindo as desigualdades do PIB per capita) e eficientes (contribuindo para o crescimento do PIB per capita) ao longo do período de 1999 a 2004. A metodologia consiste da Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) e de modelos de dados em painel com dependência espacial. Os resultados da AEDE destacam a importância dos efeitos espaciais para as variáveis investigadas. A análise espacial das taxas de crescimento econômico mostra a presença de dependência espacial nos dados. Municípios pobres tiveram altas taxas de crescimento; municípios ricos tiveram baixas taxas de crescimento. A análise econométrica indica que a política da Lei Robin Hood não foi eficiente nem foi eficaz. Pelo contrário, acabou intensificando as desigualdades de renda em Minas Gerais. A política do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios e a política da carga tributária municipal, apesar de não terem sido eficientes, foram eficazes. A pesquisa revela que houve convergência condicional do PIB per capita. A velocidade de convergência é lenta (0,012%), com uma meia-vida de mais de 50 anos. Este resultado mostra a necessidade de se repensar as políticas regionais de forma a se acelerar esse processo (a literatura indica que alta convergência ocorre quando essa velocidade é cerca de 2%). As variáveis que contribuíram positivamente para o crescimento foram: meio industrial, mercado regional, capital humano dos municípios vizinhos e carga tributária dos municípios vizinhos. Aquelas variáveis que, ao contrário, influenciaram negativamente foram: densidade demográfica, taxa de crime, transferências da Lei Robin Hood, meio industrial dos municípios vizinhos, densidade demográfica dos municípios vizinhos, taxa do crime dos municípios vizinhos, transferências da Lei Robin Hood aos municípios vizinhos e fundo de participação dos municípios vizinhos. Estes resultados auxiliam na elaboração de políticas regionais, por apontarem quais variáveis mais contribuem para o crescimento e para a redução das disparidades de renda regional entre os municípios. Por fim, conclui-se que o mercado por si só não se revelou capaz de dirimir as desigualdades regionais, sendo que as políticas regionais parecem desempenhar um papel neste processo. Contudo, a existência de políticas regionais por si só não parece garantir que elas sejam eficientes e eficazes. É preciso delineá-las adequadamente com vistas a que alcancem as propriedades da eficiência e da eficácia.
Minas Gerais State presents big socio-economic differences. Thus, the key question is to find out if the regional policies implemented by the government were efficacious (in terms of reducing GDP per capita inequalities) and efficient (in terms of contributing to the GDP per capita growth) over the period 1999-2004. The methodology adopted is the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and panel date models with spatial dependence. The results of the ESDA stress the importance of the spatial effects for the variables investigated. The spatial analysis of the economic growth rates shows the presence of spatial dependence in the data. Poor municipalities had high growth rates; rich municipalities had low growth rates. The econometric analysis indicates that Robin Hood Act was neither efficacious nor efficient. On the contrary, this act finished intensifying regional income inequalities in Minas Gerais State. The regional policies represented by tax transferences from FPM and the regional policy of the tax burden, although they have not been efficient, were efficacious. In addition to, the findings reveal that there was conditional convergence of the GDP per capita. In despite of this, the convergence speed is slow (0,012%), with a half-life of more than fifty years. This result sheds light to the need to rethink the regional policies with the objective of speeding up this process (literature indicates that high convergence occurs when this speed is about 2%). The variables that had a positive contribution to the growth were: industrial environment, regional market, neighboring municipality human capital and neighboring municipality tax burden. Those variables, in turn, that had a negative influence over growth were: demographic density, crime rates, tax transferences from the Robin Hood Act, neighboring municipality industrial environment, neighboring municipality demographic density, neighboring municipality crime rates, tax transferences from the Robin Hood Act towards to neighboring municipalities and tax transferences from the FPM towards to the neighboring cities. These findings help to elaborate regional policies by pinpointing which variables are more important in order to contribute to the growth and to reduce regional income disparities among municipalities. Finally, one concludes that the market by itself is not able to nullify regional inequalities, thereby regional policies seem to play a role in this process. However, the presence of regional policies by itself does not seem to guarantee that these policies are efficient and efficacious. It is necessary to delineate them properly in order to reach the properties of efficiency and efficaciousness.
12
Jungwiertová, Lucie. "Regionální rosvoj a inspirace z jiných disciplin : možnosti aplikace konceptů evoluční biologie na vybraná témata regionálního rozvoje." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22010/document.
Анотація:
L’application des concepts de la biologie évolutionnaire (BE) à la problématique de la réalité socioéconomique n’est pas un sujet nouveau dans certaines disciplines socioéconomiques, même si cette inspiration pour la problématique de la géographie socioéconomique, ou plutôt du développement régional, est plus récente et en général se fonde sur les applications réalisées notamment en économie. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’identifier de nouveaux concepts de la BE et de tenter de les appliquer aux sujets sélectionnés du développement régional directement, sans le rôle d’intermédiaire d’autres disciplines. L’attention est dans un premier temps prêtée à la recherche du cadre théorique convenable et d’un aperçu des concepts de la BE déjà appliqués aux sciences sociales. La seconde partie présente certains concepts de la BE pour lesquels les applications potentielles (par l’intermédiaire des analogies et des métaphores) aux thèmes choisis du développement régional ont été identifiées. Les concepts appliqués ont été divisés en quatre ensembles thématiques biologiques plus larges – l’adaptation, la coévolution, la sélection et la spéciation. L’application de la spéciation peut être probablement perçue comme la contribution la plus précieuse de la thèse. Elle s’appuie sur l’hypothèse qu’il est possible d’identifier certains traits analogues entre les concepts socioéconomiques path dependence et lock-in et les concepts de la BE concernant la spéciation et d’identifier et de classifier les mécanismes / structures qui fonctionnent comme des barrières socioéconomiquesApplication of the evolutionary biology concepts to socio-economic reality issues is not any new theme, even if this inspiration in socio-economic geography and especially in regional development is more recent and is based, in general, on already realized applications, mainly in economics. The main objective of the PhD thesis is thus an identification of hitherto non-applied evolutionary concepts, or to this time neglected biological aspects of already applied concepts and an attempt of their application to the selected themes of regional development without the intermediary role of other disciplines. In the first place, the attention is paid to the search of an appropriate theoretical approach and of the summary of already applied evolutionary concepts to the social sciences. Second part presents some evolutionary biology concepts where a potential for applications (based on the mediator role of analogies and metaphors) to the selected regional development issues was identified. Individual applied concepts were divided into four more complex thematic units – adaptation, co-evolution, selection and speciation. The application of the last concept could probably be considered as the most valuable contribution of the PhD thesis. It is based on the hypothesis that some analogical traits can be identified among socio-economic concepts of path dependence and lock-in and biological concepts linked with speciation and that the biological concepts can provide the general inspiration for identification of certain types of socio-economic barriers of development of regions and for an attempt to classify them
13
Chung, Anna. "Development of institutions on the environmental and technological cooperation in Northeast Asia: actors, decisions and path dependence." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209142.
Анотація:
This dissertation looks at Northeast Asia as a region composed of China, Japan and South Korea in order to understand the regional dimension of international cooperation. It takes the Tripartite Environment Ministers’ Meeting and the China-Japan-Korea Meeting onInformation and Telecommunication Standards cases for comparative analysis. Its aim is to
examine cooperation and decision-making under uncertainty and to explore how they affect
institutional development and enhanced regional cooperation. Analysis of current cooperation activities as well as development of chosen cases illustrates interactions between individuals, organizations and states. Risks associated with decision-making affect
behaviors of actors and self-reinforcement mechanisms of institutions creating path
dependence.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
14
Moser, Mathias, and Matthias Schnetzer. "The Geography of Average Income and Inequality: Spatial Evidence from Austria." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4349/1/wp191.pdf.
Анотація:
This paper investigates the nexus between regional income levels and inequality. We present a novel small-scale inequality database for Austrian municipalities to address this question. Our dataset combines individual tax data of Austrian wage tax payer on regionally disaggregated scale with census and geographical information. This setting allows us to investigate regional spillover effects of average income and various measures of income inequality. Using this data set we find distinct regional clusters of both high average wages and high earnings inequality in Austria. Furthermore we use spatial econometric regressions to quantify the effects between income levels and a number of inequality measures such as the Gini and 90/10 quantile ratios. (authors' abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
15
Al, Hashemi Hamed. "Pathways to diversification." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11694.
Анотація:
A fundamental research question in regional economic development, is why some regions are able to diversify into new products and industries, while others continue to face challenges in diversification? This doctorate research explores the different pathways to diversification. It follows the three-stage modular structure of DBA for Cranfield School of Management. This thesis consists of a systematic literature review, a single qualitative case study on UAE, and a research synthesis of published cases on Singapore, Norway and UAE. The linking document provides a summary of the three projects and consolidates findings and contributions into a path creation model that provides new understanding on the pathways to regional diversifications.
This research integrates existing theoretical foundations of evolutionary economic geography, institutional economic geography, path dependence, industry relatedness, economic complexity, and path creation into a unified conceptual path creation model. It generates propositions, builds a framework and develops a matrix for path creation that integrate context, actors, factors, mechanisms and outcomes shaping regional diversification. It finds that in the context of path dependence and existing conditions of a region, economic actors undertake strategic measures to influence the institutional capabilities to accumulate knowledge and trigger indigenous creation, anchoring, branching, and clustering diversification mechanisms to create complex varieties of related and unrelated diversification outcomes. The institutional collaboration capabilities are found to be instrumental in accumulating knowledge and determining the relatedness and complexity of diversification outcomes. This research further provides a set of integrated platform strategies to guide policy-makers on setting up the pathways to regional diversification.
16
Fearon, Kyle. "Formal Institutions in Irish Planning: Europeanization Before and after the Celtic Tiger." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13024.
Анотація:
Many economies throughout the world were devastated by the global financial crisis of 2007-2008. Ireland in particular experienced a severe collapse in its housing market. Despite the progression of European-influenced planning policy that was meant to promote balanced regional development in Ireland, the country's housing market vastly overbuilt, exacerbating a housing market crash that ended the Celtic Tiger era. Drawing on Europeanization and historical institutionalism as theoretical frameworks, this thesis argues that the link between these EU-influenced policy principles and local Irish planning practice was weak during an important phase of Ireland's economic growth. This conclusion is demonstrated through the analysis of a case study, McEvoy and Smith v. Meath County Council. The findings show that while Ireland's national government created an ambitious National Spatial Strategy modeled on EU principles, non-binding Regional Planning Guidelines allowed local authorities to continue granting zoning changes and permissions. These decisions were therefore uninhibited by the constraints of population projections, consideration for infrastructure provision, and overall good planning practice. This research calls into question the effectiveness of transferring policy principles from the EU to Member States. It suggests more generally that to implement policy and law successfully, policy makers must appreciate the societal and economic context in which these rules will operate.
17
Araujo, Elizeu Serra de. "AS CONDIÇÕES DE EXPLORAÇÃO DA FORÇA DE TRABALHO NO BRASIL NA FASE ATUAL DO CAPITALISMO: uma análise do período 1990-2007." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2011. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/772.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-22Since the 1990‟s, Brazilian economy, like other dependent economies, has undergone broad changes as part of the reaction to the capital structural crisis started in the mid-1970‟s. Aiming at the restoration of accumulation conditions, these changes have focused on the recovery of the profit rate and the creation of new spaces of capital valorization. The purpose of this study is to analyze how these changes have affected the conditions of exploitation of the labor force in Brazil, taking into account their condition of dependent economy. For that purpose, after describing the theoretical foundations of capitalist exploitation, we placed the issue of exploitation in the specific context of the current phase of capitalism, taking as reference the advanced economies. Then, we discussed the specificities of exploitation of the labor force in the case of dependent economies. Finally, we performed an empirical estimate of the rate of surplus value and the survey of some indication of the leading modes of exploitation in the period, and tried to identify the main determinants of the behavior of these variables. On the one hand, there was a persistent increase in degree of exploitation (except for the underperiod 2005-2007). This increase is due to extension of the depressive phase of world capitalism, which has put on a higher level the contradiction between production and appropriation of surplus value, and the deepening of dependency of Brazilian economy, which resulted in an intensifying of the volume of transfers of value to advanced capitalist economies. On the other hand, this increase in degree of exploitation is associated with maintenance of regressive forms of exploitation of labor power. The classic mechanism of relative surplus value, although also present in the period, still does not present the weight that usually has in advanced economies in terms of contribution to the increase in the rate of surplus value.
A partir dos anos 1990, a economia brasileira, a exemplo de outras economias dependentes, passou por amplas transformações como parte da reação à crise estrutural do capital iniciada em meados dos anos 1970. Voltadas para o objetivo de recomposição das condições de acumulação, essas transformações tiveram como foco a recuperação da taxa de lucro e a criação de novos espaços de valorização do capital. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar como essas transformações repercutiram sobre as condições de exploração da força de trabalho no Brasil, levando em conta a sua condição de economia dependente. Para tanto, após a exposição dos fundamentos teóricos da exploração capitalista, situamos a questão da exploração no contexto específico da fase atual do capitalismo, tomando como referência as economias avançadas. A seguir, discutimos as especificidades da exploração da força de trabalho no caso das economias dependentes. Por fim, procedemos a uma estimativa empírica da taxa de mais-valia e ao levantamento de alguns indícios das modalidades predominantes de exploração no período, e tentamos identificar os principais determinantes do comportamento dessas variáveis. Por um lado, registra-se um aumento persistente do grau de exploração (com exceção do subperíodo 2005-2007). Esse aumento é atribuído ao prolongamento da fase depressiva do capitalismo mundial, que repôs em grau mais elevado a contradição entre produção e apropriação de mais-valia, e ao aprofundamento da dependência da economia brasileira, que resultou numa intensificação do volume de transferências de valor para as economias capitalistas avançadas. Por outro lado, esse aumento do grau de exploração está associado à manutenção de modalidades regressivas de exploração da força de trabalho. O mecanismo clássico da mais-valia relativa, embora também presente no período, ainda não apresenta o peso que geralmente possui nas economias avançadas em termos de contribuição para o aumento da taxa de mais-valia.
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Liao, Shaojuan. "Three Essays on Economic Growth and Technology Development: Considering the Spillover Effects." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37808.
Анотація:
This dissertation consists of three essays on the empirical analysis of economic growth and technology development. In particular, I
consider spillover effects in different frameworks. The first chapter outlines the three topics involved and briefly discusses the
motivations, methods as well as some conclusions in each of the following chapters.
The second chapter considers the spillovers in economic growth and convergence. Spillovers are prevalent in nowadays' economy. I formally model the spillover effects as the interdependence of total factor productivity (TFP), and develop a model in which spillover effects of R&D through the channel of international trade make the
TFPs correlated among countries. In this sense, I apply the thoughts of international trade to the economic growth framework. Empirically, I develop a three-stage generalized method of moment(GMM) to estimate the dynamic panel spatial error autoregressive model. Simulation results show that my estimator is consistent and efficient. Through counterfactual analysis, I find that there are positive spillovers through both geographic connection and trade connection. Such a positive spillover effect, however, slows down
the convergence speed. Moreover, there were little spillovers in the early 1960s. Spillover effects become stronger overtime.
The third chapter is about the determinants of technology development in China. What makes my paper different from others is that I take a full consideration of the spillover effects: provincial spillovers in Science and Technology (S&T) capital as well as S&T personnel, and international spillovers through trade and FDI. The most interesting point in my paper is that I consider the indirect effects of institutions on technology development. Marketization, measured by the share of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the economy, affects the production of technology through different channels at different stages. I use a semiparametric varying-coefficient model to account for the effects. In this paper, I find that provincial spillovers are mainly through the
externalities of S&T capital stock while international spillovers occur through trade. Marketization affects the technology development through S&T capital, S&T capital spillovers and trade. Although a certain share of SOEs is necessary for technology production, the marketization process will promote the development
of technology in China in the long run.
The fourth chapter looks into the provincial technology spillovers from another aspect. Instead of the S&T endowment spillovers from
the nearby provinces, I consider the technology transfer from the frontier province to the targeted province as well as the absorptive
capacity of the targeted province itself. Two forms of technology transfer are analyzed: the technology distance due to the structural
discrepancy in the patent portfolio and the technology gap because of the difference in the patent level. Through the empirical analysis, several factors contributing to patent growth, such as S&T investment, road density, international spillovers from imports and FDI, are identified. Moreover, I find that technology transfer due to the technology distance can stimulate patent growth. However, I fail to find robust evidence of technology transfer due to the
technology gap, which implies that the provincial technology convergence may not exist in China.Ph. D.
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Song, Chang-Shik. "Effects of Spatial Structure on Air Quality Level in U.S. Metropolitan Areas." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1370284273.
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Bressan, Lia Oliveira. "Brasil: pretensões subimperialistas no Equador? - uma breve análise econômica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-18122012-121208/.
Анотація:
O potencial econômico conquistado pelo Brasil nos últimos anos reavivou o debate sobre a desejada superação do subdesenvolvimento do país. Recentes conquistas do setor econômico como em outras áreas, direcionam os holofotes mundiais na direção brasileira. Tal fato criou condições para uma melhor inserção internacional do país que, juntamente com outros países emergentes, buscam uma distribuição de poder que condiga com o poderio econômico que desenvolveram ao longo das últimas décadas. A proeminência regional do Estado brasileiro, contudo, faz com que algumas vozes sul-americanas enderecem ao Brasil possíveis intenções subimperialistas, como é o caso do Equador, país andino foco da presente pesquisa. O objetivo do trabalho é o de verificar a relação econômica entre Brasil e Equador sob o prisma da tese sobre o subimperialismo, desenvolvida por Ruy Mauro Marini durante a década de 1970.The economic power conquered by Brazil in recent years reascended the debate about the possibility of the underdevelopment overcoming. Recent successes in the economic field as well as in other sectors, placed Brazil in the centre of worlds attention. This fact created conditions for a better international insertion for Brazil and other emergent countries whom search for a reasonable power balance, motivated by the latest economic achievements. The regional prominence of the Brazilian State, although, generates some diverged voices from other South American countries, particularly Ecuador. The intention of this thesis is to verify the economic relation between Brazil and Ecuador under the lens of the subimperialism theory, created by Ruy Mauro Marini during the 1970s.
21
Noailles, Carline. "Identification and Explanation of Regional Development Poles in Haiti." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1192.
Анотація:
The concentration of the population and socioeconomic activities in the Metropolitan Area of Port au Prince (MAPAP) in Haiti has a negative impact within MAPAP and on the socioeconomic development of the entire country. This phenomenon, known as urban primacy, is increasing at an unprecedented rate in developing countries. Urban primacy in the Third World is explained by scholars studying the phenomenon and by dependency theorists. Economic decentralization, based on growth pole theory, is one of the most frequently used policies for slowing the growth of primate cities by focusing on development poles. In Haiti, the potential growth poles are the regional capitals that have a constitutional mandate to promote and manage the development of their region. I have tested some of the assumptions of dependency and growth pole theories on Haiti, using the eight regional capitals as units of analysis. Using migration, geographic, and socioeconomic data, I have identified the strongest poles and explained their attraction power and formulated policy recommendations that will increase the chances of successfully implementing economic decentralization. The research design is the case study. The data show that MAPAP overshadows the regional capitals at the national level and within the capitals' own region, except for Cap Haïtien. However, the regional capitals are the primary destinations for migrants within their regions. The strongest poles are Cap Haïtien, Gonaives, and Port de Paix. Their attraction power is explained primarily by their population size and by their connections to the international market. Due to the selection criteria of the units of analysis and the limitations of the data used, the support and rejection of the growth pole and dependency theories hypotheses are not conclusive for the testing of these theories in Haiti or the Third World. The Haitian government needs to be more aggressive in addressing the consequences of urban primacy by implementing a comprehensive economic decentralization. The January 12, 2010, earthquake brought light on the issues raised by this study. Fortunately, the Haitian government has expressed its vision for the rebuilding of Haiti with an emphasis on decentralizing socioeconomic activities outside of MAPAP.
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Aruto, Pietro Caldeirini 1985. "A formação socioespacial dependente a partir da superexploração da força de trabalho : uma abordagem metodológica." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286452.
Анотація:
Orientador: Fernando Cezar de Macedo MotaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver o conceito de formação socioespacial dependente a partir do conceito de formação socioespacial definido por Milton Santos. De modo geral, o conceito trata da capacidade que o espaço tem de manifestar as condições históricas postas à produção social no modo de produção capitalista. Uma vez que sua origem encontra-se no embate das correntes marxistas em torno da concepção de formação econômico-social, resgata-se criticamente no primeiro capítulo essas contribuições para aprofundar o conceito proposto, especialmente no que tange à associação entre as relações de produção e as mudanças espaciais. A redefinição metodológica que se propõe a partir da formação socioespacial dependente busca compreender as transformações históricas que se operam entre e dentro das formações socioespaciais, ou seja, leva à discussão de duas categorias centrais da dimensão espacial: nação e região; desenvolvidas nos capítulos 2 e 3. Para ir além do plano eminentemente teórico, a investigação é centrada na análise da formação sociespacial dependente da América Latina, onde as relações de produção no continente são especificamente marcadas pela superexploração da força de trabalho. Dessa forma, o resultado da investigação permite compreender, dentro da totalidade do modo de produção capitalista, a associação entre a produção social do espaço e relação de produção nas formações socioespaciais dependentes, mostrando que o espaço é estruturado e transformado para garantir as condições de reprodução da força de trabalho abaixo do seu valor
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to develop the socio-spatial-dependent formation concept from the socio-spatial formation concept as defined by Milton Santos. In general, the concept is concerned with the capability of space to manifest the historical conditions underlying the social production in the capitalist mode of production. Once its origin lies in the shock within Marxism regarding the social-economic formation concept , it is recovered critically in the first chapter these contributions to deepen the proposed concept, especially the association between relations of production and spatial changes. The proposed methodological redefinition seeks to understand the historical transformations that operate in socio-spatial formations, ie, it leads to the discussion of two central categories of the spatial dimension: nation and region; to be carried out in chapters 2 and 3. Extrapolating the theoretical level, research is focused on the analysis of Latin America socio-dependent formation, once the relations of production are specifically characterized by overexploitation of the labour power. Thus, the result of research allows understanding, within the totality of the capitalist mode of production, the association of social production of space and relation of production in the dependent socio-spatial formations, showing that space is structured and transformed to ensure the conditions of reproduction of the labour power below its value
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Elliott, Desmond. "Structured representation of images for language generation and image retrieval." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10524.
Анотація:
A photograph typically depicts an aspect of the real world, such as an outdoor landscape, a portrait, or an event. The task of creating abstract digital representations of images has received a great deal of attention in the computer vision literature because it is rarely useful to work directly with the raw pixel data. The challenge of working with raw pixel data is that small changes in lighting can result in different digital images, which is not typically useful for downstream tasks such as object detection. One approach to representing an image is automatically extracting and quantising visual features to create a bag-of-terms vector. The bag-of-terms vector helps overcome the problems with raw pixel data but this unstructured representation discards potentially useful information about the spatial and semantic relationships between the parts of the image. The central argument of this thesis is that capturing and encoding the relationships between parts of an image will improve the performance of extrinsic tasks, such as image description or search. We explore this claim in the restricted domain of images representing events, such as riding a bicycle or using a computer. The first major contribution of this thesis is the Visual Dependency Representation: a novel structured representation that captures the prominent region–region relationships in an image. The key idea is that images depicting the same events are likely to have similar spatial relationships between the regions contributing to the event. This representation is inspired by dependency syntax for natural language, which directly captures the relationships between the words in a sentence. We also contribute a data set of images annotated with multiple human-written descriptions, labelled image regions, and gold-standard Visual Dependency Representations, and explain how the gold-standard representations can be constructed by trained human annotators. The second major contribution of this thesis is an approach to automatically predicting Visual Dependency Representations using a graph-based statistical dependency parser. A dependency parser is typically used in Natural Language Processing to automatically predict the dependency structure of a sentence. In this thesis we use a dependency parser to predict the Visual Dependency Representation of an image because we are working with a discrete image representation – that of image regions. Our approach can exploit features from the region annotations and the description to predict the relationships between objects in an image. In a series of experiments using gold-standard region annotations, we report significant improvements in labelled and unlabelled directed attachment accuracy over a baseline that assumes there are no relationships between objects in an image. Finally, we find significant improvements in two extrinsic tasks when we represent images as Visual Dependency Representations predicted from gold-standard region annotations. In an image description task, we show significant improvements in automatic evaluation measures and human judgements compared to state-of-the-art models that use either external text corpora or region proximity to guide the generation process. In the query-by-example image retrieval task, we show a significant improvement in Mean Average Precision and the precision of the top 10 images compared to a bag-of-terms approach. We also perform a correlation analysis of human judgements against automatic evaluation measures for the image description task. The automatic measures are standard measures adopted from the machine translation and summarization literature. The main finding of the analysis is that unigram BLEU is less correlated with human judgements than Smoothed BLEU, Meteor, or skip-bigram ROUGE.
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Suárez, Cano Patricia. "El Servicio Público de Empleo en España: ensayos desde una perspectiva regional." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Oviedo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/91066.
Анотація:
El principal objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es llevar a cabo un análisis del papel del
Servicio Público de Empleo en el mercado de trabajo español. Para ello, se analiza, el
marco institucional en el que se desarrolla la intermediación laboral en España prestando especial atención a la gestión descentralizada de las políticas activas de empleo.
Posteriormente, se analizan las principales fuentes de información, la Encuesta de
Población Activa y los registros administrativos, publicados por el Servicio Público de
Empleo Estatal, que proporcionan datos sobre la labor realizada por el mismo. A continuación se contrastan tres aspectos concretos: en primer lugar, se estudia en qué medida, la mayor o menor presencia del Servicio Público de Empleo en términos de colocaciones, está relacionada con la tasa de actividad provincial; en segundo lugar, se analiza la accesibilidad de los parados a las oficinas de empleo así como la existencia de diferencias geográficas en dicho acceso. Finalmente, se estima la influencia del registro en las oficinas de empleo sobre las transiciones laborales de los parados. Brevemente se puede concluir que la labor del Servicio Público de Empleo es más intensa en aquellas zonas con mercados de trabajo menos dinámicos.
25
Perry, Alison L. "Regional scale impacts of climate change on coral reefs and fishing-dependent countries." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445532.
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Bocca, Pedro Paulo. "Livre-comércio dependente, lutas sociais e a formação de um campo antineoliberal na América Latina." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2390.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-23This dissertation analyzes the Latin American political scenario after the failure of the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), which represented the implementation of the neoliberal model in Latin America, sponsored by the United States and its allied different bourgeois factions in the different social formations in the region. To this proposal, a strong resistance led by social movements and leftist political parties emerged victorious, culminating in the election of progressive governments that, regard to the differences between them, seek an autonomy politics from the greatest imperialist power of our time. In this conjuncture of crisis in the U.S. hegemony, we examine three trends: an imperialist neoliberal offensive, a neo-developmental integration process, and the so called "Socialism of the XXI Century"
Esta dissertação analisa o cenário político latinoamericano após o fracasso da proposta da Área de Livre-comércio das Américas (ALCA), que representava a aplicação do modelo neoliberal na América Latina, patrocinada pelos Estados Unidos e suas frações burguesas aliadas nas distintas formações sociais da região. À esta proposta, uma forte resistência liderada por movimentos sociais e partidos políticos de esquerda saiu vitoriosa, culminando nas eleições de governos progressistas que, levando-se em conta as diferenças entre eles, buscam uma política de autonomia em relação à maior potência imperialista de nossa época. Nesta conjuntura de crise da hegemonia estadunidense, examinamos três tendências: uma ofensiva imperialista neoliberal; um processo de integração neodesenvolvimentista; e o chamado Socialismo do Século XXI
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Tamoud, Abderrahman. "Mécanique multi-échelle et multiaxiale des composites souples multicouches : application à l'annulus fibrosus humain." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2021/2021LILUN034.pdf.
Анотація:
L’endommagement dans les tissus souples de l'annulus fibrosus est un phénomène multi-échelle complexe dû à un arrangement structural complexe du réseau de collagène à différentes échelles d'organisation hiérarchique. Une représentation constitutive entièrement tridimensionnelle, considérant la variation régionale de la complexité structurale, n'a pas encore été développée, pour estimer la mécanique multiaxiale de l'annulus jusqu'à la rupture. Dans la présente thèse de doctorat, un modèle, formulé dans le cadre de la mécanique non linéaire des milieux continues, est développé pour prédire l’endommagement et la rupture de l'annulus induits par la déformation sous des histoires de chargements multiaxiaux en considérant comme processus physique dépendant du temps à la fois les effets volumétriques induits chimiquement et l'accumulation de l’endommagement.Dans une première partie, un modèle basé sur la microstructure est proposé pour relier les caractéristiques structurales aux propriétés mécaniques intrinsèques et électrochimiques des tissus souples de l'annulus. Le modèle lamellaire/interlamellaire multicouche est construit en considérant les interactions effectives entre les couches adjacentes et la contrainte volumétrique induite chimiquement. La comparaison modèle/expériences démontre que l'évaluation de la réponse globale dépendante du temps implique de considérer simultanément la contrainte, le changement volumétrique et la caractéristique auxétique en relation avec les caractéristiques structurales.Dans une deuxième partie, le modèle est enrichi en considérant la structure hiérarchique des tissus souples depuis les fibrilles de collagène de taille nanométrique jusqu'aux fibres de collagène orientées de taille microscopique. Le processus stochastique d'événements progressifs d’endommagement, opérant à différentes échelles de la phase solide, est introduit pour la matrice extracellulaire, les fibres microscopiques et le réseau de fibrilles nanométriques. Les effets directionnels sur la réponse mécanique et la rupture de l’annulus sont mis en évidence en relation avec le mode de chargement externe, les caractéristiques de la structure, les événements d'endommagement et l'hydratation.Dans une troisième partie, le modèle est développé en considérant la variation régionale de l'organisation structurale complexe du réseau de collagène à différentes échelles pour prédire l’endommagement multiaxial anisotrope régional du disque intervertébral. Après identification du modèle à l'aide de lamelles simples extraites de différentes régions du disque, le caractère prédictif du modèle est vérifié pour divers modes de chargement élémentaires multiaxiaux représentatifs du mouvement de la colonne vertébrale. Les étirements dans les directions circonférentielle et radiale jusqu'à la rupture ont servi à vérifier les capacités prédictives du modèle pour les différentes régions. Les résultats du modèle sous cisaillement simple, étirement biaxial et compression en déformation plane sont également présentés et discutés.Dans une quatrième partie, un modèle de disque humain complet est construit afin d’examiner la mécanique hétérogène dans le cœur du disque. Les champs d'endommagement au sein du disque sont analysés, sous compression axiale, torsion axiale et chargements combinés, afin d’évaluer les zones où le risque de rupture est le plus élevéThe damage in annulus fibrosus soft tissues is a complex multiscale phenomenon due to a complex structural arrangement of collagen network at different scales of hierarchical organization. A fully three-dimensional constitutive representation that considers the regional variation of the structural complexity to estimate annulus multiaxial mechanics till failure has not yet been developed. In the present PhD dissertation, a model, formulated within the framework of nonlinear continuum mechanics, is developed to predict deformation-induced damage and failure of annulus under multiaxial loading histories considering as time-dependent physical process both chemical-induced volumetric effects and damage accumulation.In a first part, a microstructure-based model is proposed to connect structural features, intrinsic mechanics and electro-chemical properties of annulus soft tissues. The multi-layered lamellar/inter-lamellar annulus model is constructed by considering the effective interactions between adjacent layers and the chemical-induced volumetric strain. The model/experiments comparison demonstrates that the evaluation of the overall time-dependent response involves considering stress, volumetric change and auxetic feature simultaneously in relation to structural features.In a second part, the model is enriched by considering the hierarchical structure of the soft tissue from the nano-sized collagen fibrils to the micro-sized oriented collagen fibers. The stochastic process of progressive damage events operating at different scales of the solid phase is introduced for the extracellular matrix and the network of nano-sized fibrils/micro-sized fibers. The directional effects on annulus mechanics and failure are highlighted in relation to external loading mode, structure features, damage events and hydration.In a third part, the model is further developed by considering the regional variation of the complex structural organization of collagen network at different scales to predict the regional anisotropic multiaxial damage of the intervertebral disc. After model identification using single lamellae extracted from different disc regions, the model predictability is verified for various multiaxial elementary loading modes representative of the spine movement. The stretching along the circumferential and radial directions till failure serves to check the predictive capacities of the annulus model for the different regions. Model results under simple shear, biaxial stretching and plane-strain compression are further presented and discussed.In a fourth part, a full human disc model is constructed using the regional annulus model to examine the heterogeneous mechanics in the disc core. Damage fields in the disc are analyzed under axial compression, axial twist and combined loadings to assess the areas where the risk of failure is the highest
28
Jenkins, Taylor. "Extracellular Matrix Biomarkers are Time Dependent and Regional Specific in Experimental Diffuse Brain Injury." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623442.
Анотація:
A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for neuronal, glial and vascular components of the brain, and regulates intercellular signaling required for cellular morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis through constant remodeling. We hypothesize that the ECM is susceptible to degradation and accumulation of glycoproteins, which serve as biomarkers specific to diffuse brain injury severity and region. Experimental TBI was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats (325‐375g) by midline fluid percussion injury (FPI) at sham (n=6), mild (1.4 atm, n=16) and moderate (2.0 atm, n=16) severity. Tissue from the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus was collected at 15 minutes, 1, 2, 6 and 18 hours post‐injury as well as 1, 3, 7 and 14 days post‐injury. All samples were quantified by western blot for glycoproteins: reelin, fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin‐c. Band intensities were normalized to sham and relative to β‐actin. In the cortex fibronectin decreased significantly at 15 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours postinjury, while tenacin‐C decreased significantly at 7 and 14 days post‐injury. In the thalamus, reelin decreased significantly at 2 hours, 3 and 14 days post‐injury. In the hippocampus, tenacin‐C increased significantly at 15 minutes and 7 days post‐injury. Changes in levels of these glycoproteins at acute time points suggest that they may be useful diagnostic biomarkers in an emergency room setting. Further investigation into breakdown products and penetrance into blood is needed. The specificity and sensitivity of these biomarkers remain to be validated as clinically useful tools.
29
Dimitrovski, Aleksandar. "Reclaiming dependence : personhood, class and the remaking of labour in post-socialist Macedonia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/60529/.
Анотація:
This thesis is primarily an anthropological and historical study of transformations of labour regimes in Macedonia within the context of a changing political economy. This process can largely be situated in the “transition” from a socialist to a market-based economic model; a process which was never only about transforming the “economic” but touched upon every intimate aspect of people's lives. It is through these changes, and the reconceptualization of what work ought to be about, that we can explore larger questions of class identity, alienation, morality, personhood and the operations of power and social reproduction in contemporary Macedonian society. As such, this thesis is offered as a contribution to the traditional, yet, in the case of Macedonia, under-researched, themes of social and economic anthropology. My primary fieldsite and object of investigation, is the small township of Shtip, in eastern Macedonia, where I investigate the changing role and social status of industrial workers in the national economy, and the everyday working lives of garment labourers in one of Shtip's largest garment factories. The historical chapters of this thesis analyse the making of an industrial working class within socialist Yugoslavia, and the subsequent attempts at unmaking the values, social relations and forms of personhood, that grew up within the specifics of Yugoslav socialism. I approach “class” through the indeterminate interplay of social, cultural and economic factors, and highlight the enduring cultural importance of embedded, relational forms of personhood. As I move towards more current events, and particularly the ethnographic chapters, I focus more strongly on the responses of industrial workers to such changes. I deal not only with specific practices, but also with questions of the “imagination”, or how workers, experience, and reflect on these wider changes in ways that keep open the possibility of rearranging social relations at the work place, and beyond. In doing do, I propose that struggles over the definition of personhood, rather than class conflict, are at the forefront of debates about what work ought to be about. Also, I suggest that the outcome of these struggles has not been to challenge subordination and social inequality in itself, but to challenge the specific kinds of inequality and subject categories introduced by the transition to a neoliberal market economy (Dunn 2004).
30
Valverde, André Luiz Lopez. "Sistematização de experiências de integração energética na América Latina a partir de categorias da Teoria Marxista da dependência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106131/tde-23112017-172438/.
Анотація:
Iniciativas de integração energética regional podem contribuir para a obtenção de benefícios diversos aos países envolvidos: redução tarifária, melhor utilização de recursos energéticos, aprimoramento da infraestrutura, além de aproximar os países em questão, viabilizando eventuais cooperações políticas e econômicas. Na América Latina, a despeito do surgimento de inúmeros projetos e instituições voltados a este propósito, a integração energética restringiu-se, em sua maioria, a empreendimentos bilaterais, cujo sucesso foi, ainda assim, relativo. Este trabalho buscou compreender algumas iniciativas de integração energética, no âmbito da energia elétrica e dos hidrocarbonetos, à luz do modo de inserção da América Latina nas esferas de produção e circulação de mercadorias na economia mundial, valendo-se do referencial teórico da Teoria Marxista da Dependência (TMD). Essa escolha decorreu da especificidade da análise e visão crítica dessa corrente teórica sobre a promoção do desenvolvimento e o posicionamento da América Latina no sistema capitalista mundial, para a qual o processo de integração regional assume papel central. Três categorias - Dependência, Subimperialismo e Integração - foram empregadas para nortear a sistematização e análise das experiências de integração energética escolhidas: o Sistema de Interconexión Eléctrica de los Países de América Central (SIEPAC), a PetroCaribe e o contrabando de combustível na fronteira entre Venezuela e Colômbia. As etapas metodológicas incluíram: revisão do processo histórico da formação da indústria energética da América Latina e levantamento de indicadores, para a seleção dos empreendimentos a estudar; descrição de cada empreendimento, incluindo antecedentes de sua concepção e implantação, indicadores técnicos e socioeconômicos dos países envolvidos e detalhamento da sua estrutura, funcionamento e resultados atingidos, ou não. A partir desses elementos, as iniciativas de integração foram caracterizadas, com base no atendimento aos critérios constitutivos das categorias de análise selecionadas. A principal conclusão do trabalho foi de que há vínculos entre a condição de Dependência dos países e as tentativas de integração energética estudadas, no sentido de que as iniciativas são impactadas por essa condição (intrínseca aos participantes), mas, ao mesmo tempo, causam impacto sobre ela: contribuem para agravá-la ou para sua atenuação. Ressalta-se, por fim, que a integração energética pode contribuir para a emancipação da América Latina, desde que seja, entretanto, garantida a priorização dos benefícios e melhora da condição de vida da população latino-americana e não, apenas, privilegiado o processo de acumulação de capital.Regional energy integration initiatives may bring a variety of benefits to the countries involved: tariff reductions, better use of energy resources, improvement of the infrastructures and to bring closer the countries involved, making political and economic cooperation possible. In Latin America, despite the emergence of numerous projects and institutions focused on this purpose, the energetic integration was mostly restricted to bilateral projects which success was still relative. This dissertation sought to understand some of the energetic integration initiatives, in the field of electric energy and hydrocarbons, considering Latin Americas role in the production sphere and the circulation of goods sphere in the world economy, using the theoretical reference of the Marxist Dependency Theory. This choice was made as a result of the specificity of the analysis and the critical view of the theory about the promotion of Latin Americas development and positioning in the world capitalist system, which the process of regional integration assumes a central role. Three categories Dependency, Subimperalism and Integration were used to guide the systematization and analysis of the chosen energy integration experiences: the Sistema de Interconexión Eléctrica de los Países de América Central (SIEPAC), the PetroCaribe and the fuel smuggling at the Venezuela-Colombia border. The methodology steps included: review of the Latin American energy industry historical process of formation and definition of indicators to select the initiatives to study; description of each initiative, including antecedents of its design and implementation, technical and socio-economic indicators of the countries involved and detailed analysis of its structure, operation and results, achieved or not. From these elements, the integration initiatives were characterized based on the criteria met of the selected categories of the analysis. The main conclusion of this dissertation was that there are links between the dependency condition and the energy integration attempts studied, which means that the initiatives are impacted by this condition (intrinsic to the participants) but, at the same time, have an impact on it: they contribute to the aggravation or mitigation of the dependency condition. Finally, it should be emphasized that energy integration can contribute to the emancipation of Latin America since priority is given to the benefits and improvement of the living conditions of the Latin American, and not only privileging process of capital accumulation.
31
Tai, Yuhui. "DEVELOPMENT OR DEPENDENCY? THE EMERGING CHINESE CULTURAL-LINGUISTIC TV MARKET AND IDOL TV DRAMA IN TAIWAN AND CHINA." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/769.
Анотація:
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Yuhui Tai, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Mass Communication and Media Arts, presented on October 31, 2013, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: DEVELOPMENT OR DEPENDENCY? THE EMERGING CHINESE CULTURAL-LINGUISTIC TV MARKET AND IDOL TV DRAMA IN TAIWAN AND CHINA MAJOR PROFESSOR: John Downing and Jyotsna Kapur The global expansion of neo-liberalism and the new development of media technology have opened up national TV markets worldwide and the changing structure--a weakened local TV industry, multiple TV channels, and the increasing need for importation--has prepared the historical contingency for the emergence of regional cultural centers. The Chinese regional market based on China, Hong Kong and Taiwan is the most prosperous regional market due to the China hub effect, and it is playing an increasingly important role in world economy. In this research, I examine the formation and the driving forces behind the Chinese cultural-linguistic TV market, the dynamic dialectical global/regional/local relationships, the directions in which these forces push, and the major contradictions between these forces in the context of a global capitalist system. This research indicates that the dominant "cultural proximity" argument tends to naturalize the dominance of the regional cultural center and conceals multiple factors interwoven in the formation process. This research argues that it is important to examine the dialectical relationship between the position of a domestic country in the global capitalist system and its development in the regional cultural market. Second, the confluence of the popular cultural/creative policy and the soft power discourse strengthens the ambition and the competition between different states to pursue the crown of the regional cultural center. Third, the domestic state policy plays a determinant role in the dynamic formation of a regional cultural market. Fourth, the political motivation and manipulation might not be easy to recognize but are influential powers forging the regional cultural market. For example, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proposed the China-Taiwan TV drama co-production policy near the end of 2007 in order to improve the prospects of Taiwan's pro-China party in the 2008 presidential election in Taiwan. In addition, it is not self-evident to assume that a regional cultural center definitely challenges the existing cultural dominance and that a regional cultural-linguistic market is emancipating. It requires careful examination to scrutinize the power relationships among those societies involved in the regional market to determine whether it increases the cultural diversity in this area. This research examines the power relationship in the Chinese cultural-linguistic TV market and argues the possible existence of dual suppression, in that a member of the regional cultural-linguistic market might simultaneously suffer from the dominance of the global center and the regional center. This research examined the historical development of idol drama in Taiwan and found that the Chinese censorship system has great impact on the production and distribution of cultural products in the Chinese cultural-linguistic TV market. Producers either tend to lower the potential risks by taking a conservative, non-historical approach to making TV drama, or, selling cultural products containing specific cultural odor, such as President Ma Ying-jeou's slogan, "Chinese culture with Taiwan characteristics (Ma, 2011.01.01)." Third, this research analyzes the production mode of idol drama in Taiwan and China from 2000 to 2012 and points out that the Taiwan TV industry has been moving on a dependency road through three phases, with four aspects of dependency. After 2005, some Taiwanese TV producers turned to the secondary export market due to the deepening neo-liberalism and the deteriorating Taiwan TV industry, which impedes its advancement in the regional market. In this stage, the emergence of the first wave of Taiwanese-made Chinese TV drama proved that the combination of the CCP's protectionist policy and a lucrative Chinese domestic market creates magnetic effects and attracts TV workers from the deteriorating region. In the second stage from 2008 to 2010, the CCP's cooptation policy, which encourages Taiwan-China co-produced TV drama, and the Kuomintang's China-centered CCI Policy emphasized the importance of the China market and strengthened the orientation to focus on the secondary export market rather than improve the quality of Taiwanese TV drama and aim at Asia and the global market. In 2010, the CCP denounced the phenomenon of "pseudo China-Taiwan co-produced TV drama," which was the byproduct of the strict Chinese censorship system, and issued a warning against it. It pushed some Taiwanese producers to abandon the Taiwan market and spurred the second wave of Taiwanese-made Chinese TV drama which appeals to Chinese audiences, and lowers or even closes the production business in Taiwan. This research demonstrates the four aspects of the dependency relationship in the Chinese cultural-linguistics TV market, which includes capital, export market, production chain, and cultural products flow. First, sufficient Chinese capital provides the CCP leverage to mold the Chinese cultural-linguistic TV market, purchase resources, and expand its influence into Taiwan society. Second, being the largest TV market in the world makes China an attractive export market, even with strict Chinese censorship. Third, the CCP's cooptation policy and the deteriorating Taiwan TV market gradually make Taiwan TV workers a supplement rather than a force in Chinese TV drama production. Fourth, the exportation of Chinese TV programs, including conventionally weak genres, into Taiwan is increasing. In short, the Taiwan TV industry has suffered from the dual crises of neo-liberalism and the dependency relationship with China, which is making Taiwan a dumping site for regional cultural product exporters, mainly from Korea, China, and Japan.
32
Peterson, Diane Michelle 1960. "The Arab Gulf: Indicators of economic dependence on migrant communities." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291485.
Анотація:
Following the 1973 rise in the price of oil, the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations of the Middle East became hosts to hundreds of thousands of foreign workers taking part in the economic development of the region. From the beginning, the employment of migrant workers was seen as a temporary measure, necessary to compensate for the small indigenous populations in the Gulf. The numbers of foreign workers has become so great, that the migrants now constitute a majority of the population in several of the GCC countries. The relative permanence with which foreign workers have now established themselves is of great concern to the host governments. It appears that the insufficient skill-levels and sizes of the national workforces, together with the position the extensive and growing migrant communities hold in the growing Gulf economies point to the continued presence of large foreign populations for some time to come.
33
Fredin, Sabrina. "History and geography matter : The cultural dimension of entrepreneurship." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14018.
Анотація:
This dissertation deals with the rise of new industries through entrepreneurial activities. The aim is to investigate how differences in contexts might encourage or discourage entrepreneurial activities. This contextualization of entrepreneurship enhanced our understanding of when, how and why entrepreneurial activities happen. Entrepreneurship is recognized to be a spatially uneven process and, in addition to previous research that has examined the actions of individual entrepreneurs, we also need to understand the context in which entrepreneurship occurs. We have a good understanding of how structural conditions like industry structure, organization structure and agglomeration effects influence the context, but we know little about how the social dimension of the context is the transmitting medium between structural conditions for entrepreneurship and the decision to act upon identified entrepreneurial opportunities. Following this line of argument, this dissertation is built on the assumption that entrepreneurship is a social phenomenon which gives strong arguments for including local culture in entrepreneurship research. The temporal persistence and the pronounced differences of culture and structural conditions between places reflect path-dependent processes. I therefore use regional path dependence as an interpretative lens to study the contextualization of entrepreneurship in two Swedish cities. Although each context is unique, some generalizations can be drawn from the four individual papers in this dissertation. The first is that industrial legacy leads to the formation of a distinct local culture and that the persistency of this culture influences the subsequent entrepreneurial activities in new local industries. The second is that this persistency of culture suggests that entrepreneurs who are outsiders, geographically or socially, are the driving forces for the emergence of new local industries. Finally, new industry emergence is a result of a combination of exogenous forces and initial local conditions, but it is the entrepreneurial individuals who translate these forces and conditions into entrepreneurial activities.
34
Volungevičius, Vytautas. "Pilis ir jos sociopolitinės transformacijos Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje XIV-XVI a. pirmoje pusėje." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140929_100350-45763.
Анотація:
Disertacijos objekto tyrimo strategija remiasi keturiais kriterijais. Pirma, fenomeno ir jo raidos tyrimo. Antra, tyrimas nėra apribojamas tik šiandieninės Lietuvos Respublikos teritorija. Trečia, tiriamoji problema ir keliami klausimai interpretuojami apimant platesnį spektrą europinės istoriografijos pavyzdžių, kurie įgalina lyginamojoje perspektyvoje kontekstualizuoti egzistavusios vietinės socialinės tikrovės ypatumus, ieškoti sąryšio / skirties, bendros raidos taškų tarp skirtinguose regionuose egzistavusių fenomenų. Ketvirta, į tiriamąjį objektą žvelgiama kaip į daugiasluoksne struktūra pasireiškusį fenomeną. Tokiu būdu bandoma ieškoti naujų teorinių prieigų, neapsiribojant vien tik tradiciniu istoriniu pasakojimu.
Disertacijos tyrimo objektas – pilis kaip kokybiškai, priklausomai nuo sociopolitinių sąlygų, kintantis reiškinys. Pilis suvokiama kaip Viduramžių ir ankstyvųjų Naujųjų laikų visuomenės teritorinis, socialinis, simbolinis, teisinis ir reprezentacinis fenomenas. Kartu pilis suprantama kaip integrali socialinės tikrovės dalis, todėl interpretuotina tik siejant ją su visuomene, jos transformacijomis ir veikla, kintančiomis geopolitinėmis aplinkybėmis.
Pilis apibrėžiama kaip struktūra atsispiriant nuo trijų pjūvių: teritorijos (a), visuomenės (b), galios-valdžios (c). Pilis aiškinama kaip teritoriją telkiantis ir formuojantis branduolys, tokiu būdu erdvė ilgainiui buvo transformuojama į aiškią ir savo ribas turinčią teisiškai, administraciškai, ūkiškai pavaldžią... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The strategy of research into the dissertation object is based on four criteria. First, it is a study of a phenomenon and its development. Second, the study is not confined to the present territory of the Republic of Lithuania. Third, the research problem and questions raised are interpreted in a broader light of examples from the European historiography, which enable to contextualise past features of the local social reality and search for similarities and/or differences as well as common points in the development of the phenomena which existed in different regions. Fourth, the object under analysis is perceived as a phenomenon with a multifaceted structure. Therefore, an attempt is made to look for new theoretical approaches rather than limit oneself to a traditional historical narrative. Historiography has seen attempts to disclose the development of society, uneven social structure, its specific features, etc. through the analysis of one phenomenon. However, this is only possible by looking at that phenomenon from different perspectives and analysing it as a product of different spheres of social reality, because focusing on a single aspect of the phenomenon limits the possibilities for interpretation which would reveal the multifunctional nature of the phenomenon and uneven trajectories of its development. The phenomenon of the castle is one of those problems which has not been analysed systematically and consistently. The existing historiography has mostly perceived... [to full text]
Man versteht die Burg als ein sich mit der Zeit und in einem bestimmten Raum veränderndes soziopolitisches Phänomen. Dieses Phänomen hatte verschiedene Besonderheiten, die von der konkrete Gesellschaft beeinflusst worden sind. Deshalb ist es sehr wichtig zu betonen, dass Großfürstentum Litauen in seiner räumlichen und territoriellen Lage sehr heterogen war, d.h., dass Sozialstruktur von verschiedener Staatsterritorien auch sehr unterschiedlich war. Dies lässt uns behaupten, dass wir nicht über Burgphänomen, sondern über Burgphänomene sprechen sollen. Diese Annahme supponiert solche methodische Ausgangspunkte: • Vergleichende (diachrone und synchrone) Perspektive • Strukturalistische Perspektive Die Burg war ein Teil der damaligen Gesellschaft und der Ausdruck der Sozialrealität, deswegen soll man aufmerksam sein und verschiedene Phänomenentwicklungen beachten, weil jeder Raum und jedes Territorium seine eigene Sozialstruktur hatte. (Laut Henri Lefebvre: „Jede Gesellschaft (...) produziert einen ihr eigenen Raum“). Zweifelsohne beeinflusste sie die Entwicklung der Burg. Als einer der methodischen Ansätze man kann also das Phänomen der Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen Phänomen nennen. Besondere Konzentrierung an den Raum und ihrer Heterogenität in der Geschichte (R. Koselleck).
35
Carter, Andrew 1977. "A geographic and statistical analysis of the relationship between neighborhood and regional urban form and household car-dependency in Montreal /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82693.
Анотація:
The negative consequences (especially urban smog and global warming) of the heavy dependence on motorized vehicles of residents in urban areas across Canada and the United States have rightly motivated a great deal of research into potential policies aimed at reducing car ownership and use. This research focuses on the potential role of neighborhood and regional urban form and land use pattern in reducing car-dependency in cities. The study relies primarily on an origin-destination travel survey collected by the Agence Metropolitaine de Transport (AMT) in 1998, consisting of a 5% representative sample of residents living in the Montreal CMA. The first statistical model of household car-dependency is a multinomial logit model (MNL) of household automobile ownership levels on the Island of Montreal. The results suggest that neighborhood form has only a modest relationship automobile ownership levels. However, the location of a household's neighborhood relative to Montreal's CBD and whether an adult in it is employed there are both strongly associated with the number of vehicles a household owns, especially of multiple vehicles. The results indicate the importance of the spatial distribution and density of employment opportunities to vehicle ownership The second statistical model, an OLS regression of vehicle kilometers driven (VKD) by households for shopping purposes, found that neighborhood population density and proximity to a large retail cluster are both associated with meaningful reductions in motorized travel. Having said that, the results from both models suggest the most important determinants of household car-dependency are its socioeconomic and demographic composition. These findings suggest new suburban developments based on the principles of New Urbanism are unlikely to have any meaningful effect on car-dependency in urban areas.
36
Nyilika, Nonkanyiso Beauty. "Tourism marketing in the Western Cape: optimising inter-organisational collaboration among key regional stakeholders." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1417.
Анотація:
Master of Technology: Public Relations Management
in the Faculty of Informatics and Design
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013The aim of this study was to explore the benefits and potential of improved inter-organisational collaboration as compared to non-collaboration between the identified stakeholders in this research. This research established the level of current inter-organisational collaboration and satisfaction between the identified Western Cape Province stakeholders and verified whether this collaboration could be seen as contributing to tourism growth in the region. It also determined how improved inter-organisational collaboration and communication can be achieved to ensure tourism marketing effectiveness. In the lead-up to the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, regional stakeholders formed strategic partnerships to ensure a successful soccer event. The researcher sees such a collaborative approach as limited to major events or projects such as the 2011 bid for the Design Capital 2014. Inter-organisational collaboration is not clearly visible in the destination and tourism marketing of the region and this lack of collaboration has been highlighted. For the purpose of this study, the Resource Dependency Theory of Collaboration was utilised to highlight the inter-dependency between the identified regional stakeholders with vested interest in the Western Cape Province and Cape Town's tourism industry. The researcher conducted qualitative research which is situated in an interpretivist paradigm with its emphasis on experience and interpretation. The qualitative research is seen as being suitable for this research as detailed information has to be sourced through interviews. A qualitative exploratory approach, comprising face-to-face interviews with key informants in the industry was undertaken. The key informants engaged were drawn from a range of organisations engaged or who have a vested interest in the tourism industry which is a key economic driver in the Western Cape Province and Cape Town. The outcome of this study firstly was to establish the current levels of inter-organisational collaboration between the identified stakeholders and how this affects tourism growth. A closer look was taken to look at the current overlapping in the marketing initiatives embarked upon by the destination and tourism marketing organisations in the Western Cape Province, namely Wesgro and Cape Town Tourism and how these can be avoided. Secondly, the study explored how higher inter-organisational collaboration can ensure the achievement of effective tourism marketing of the region. As per the research findings, the researcher compiled recommendations on optimising inter-organisational collaboration among key regional stakeholders. These recommendations should contribute towards streamlining resources and redirecting some of the allocated funds from tourism marketing to other socioeconomic activities that can benefit the citizens of the region, such as developing emerging small to medium tourism enterprises and entrepreneurs.
37
Da, Cheng. "An objective regional cloud mask algorithm for GOES infrared imager with regime-dependent thresholds for direct radiance assimilation." Thesis, The Florida State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1559511.
Анотація:
A local, regime-dependent cloud mask (CM) algorithm is developed for isolating cloud-free pixels from cloudy pixels for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager radiance assimilation using mesoscale forecast models. In this CM algorithm, thresholds for six different CM tests are determined by a one-dimensional optimization approach based on probability distribution functions of the nearby cloudy and clear-sky pixels within a 10o×10o box centered at a target pixel. It is shown that the optimized thresholds over land are in general larger and display more spatial variations than over ocean. The performance of the proposed CM algorithm is compared with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) CM for a one-week period from 19 to 23 May 2008. Based on MODIS CM results, the average Probability of Correct Typing (PCT) reaches 92.94% and 91.50% over land and ocean, respectively.
38
Jones, Jay Walter IV. "An examination of scale-dependent electrical resistivity measurements in Oracle granite." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184887.
Анотація:
Geotechnical characterization of crystalline rock is often dependent upon the influence of the rock's fracture system. To test ensemble fracture behavior in situ, a series of cross-hole and single-hole electrical conductivity measurements were made within saturated Oracle granite. The tests were conducted with a point source and a point reference electrode and employed electrode separations ranging from 8 inches to over 100 feet. A volume of rock approximately 50 x 50 x 150 feet was tested (as bounded by the vertical test borings). Analysis of the data in terms of an equivalent homogeneous material showed that the effective electrical conductivity increased with electrode separation. The cross-hole data indicate that the rock can be treated as a non-homogeneous, isotropic material. Further, the spatial variation of measured conductivities along a line can be fit to a fractal model (fractional Brownian motion), implying that the scale-dependence is a result of a fractal process supported by the fracture system. Scale-dependence exists at the upper scale limit of the measurements, hence a classical representative elemental volume was not attained. Two directions were taken to understand the scale-dependence. The rock mass is treated in terms of a disordered material, a continuum with spatially varying conductivity. First, a percolation-based model of a disordered material was examined that relates the conductivity pathways within the rock to the backbone of a critical percolation cluster. Using the field data, a fractal dimension of 2.40 was derived for the dimensionality of the subvolume within the rock that supports current flow. The second approach considers an analytic solution for a non-homogeneous, isotropic material known as the alpha center model (Stefanescu, 1950). This model, an analytic solution for a continuously varying conductivity in three dimensions, is a non-linear transform to Laplace's equation. It is employed over a regular grid of support points as an alternative to spatially discretized (piece-wise continuous) numerical methods. The model is shown to be capable of approximating the scale-dependent behavior of the field tests. Scaling arises as a natural consequence of the disordered electrical structure caused by the fracture system.
39
Backström, Elin. "Regionalisering underifrån? : En studie av kommuners kapacitet till regional samordning av gymnasieutbildningar genom mellankommunal samverkan." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166434.
Анотація:
With potential of increased efficiency and a broader range of services, inter-municipal cooperation is often presented as a universal solution to public welfare challenges. Today, all Swedish municipalities are involved in inter-municipal cooperation in various policy areas. However, little is known about the municipalities’ capacity to coordinate their cooperation arrangements in the complex network of institutions and overlapping territories that characterise the regional level of governance. Building on the institutional collective action framework and the concept of governance capacity, this study examines how the municipalities’ capacity for regional coordination of upper secondary education in the city region of Örebro County varies depending on the institutional structures, the opportunities for cooperation and the social capital that embed the inter-municipal arrangements. The empirical study is based on a mixed method approach; where a qualitative content analysis of public documents is combined with interviews of representatives from different inter-municipal arrangements in Örebro County. By analysing how inter-municipal cooperation on upper secondary education has emerged and developed in Örebro County, this study shows how the municipalities have established institutions at two different levels. In Örebro County, regional networks and contracts operate in parallel with local agreements and municipal associations with delegated authority – only including a few municipalities in the city region. Several of the cooperation arrangements also include actors from the private sector and different levels of governance. The emergence of these inter-municipal cooperation arrangements can be interpreted as an institutional outcome of the municipalities' intrinsic motives to ensure a wide range of education to their local citizens as well as the need to secure the supply of skills and workforce in private and public sector. But it can also be interpreted as a strategy for the smaller municipalities to ensure their influence and governance capacity in the city region – which has a built- in power asymmetry linked to the municipalities’ heterogeneity. The emergence of the cooperation arrangements also illustrates a path dependent development, where the municipalities’ historical collaboration tradition determines which institutions that emerge and to which degree social capital can be established. Particularly noteworthy in the emergence of the inter-municipal cooperation in Örebro County is the presence of government, which manifests itself through conditional financing of the inter-municipal cooperation arrangements. Thus, within one and the same geographical city region, and within one and the same policy area, there is an overlap of different inter-municipal collaborative arrangements and functional regions, which has emerged in a symbiosis of both horizontal and vertical relations. As a result, the regionalisation that the municipalities create “bottom up”, through voluntary cooperation, work in parallel with the regionalisation that is created “top down”, through formal regional institutions.
40
Sharpe, Leslie J. "Economic development in the Kimberley region of Western Australia: a history and dependency theory perspective." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003564/.
Анотація:
[Abstract]:The focus of the research undertaken for this dissertation is the economic development of the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The period studied is, approximately, the one hundred years from 1900–2000. The region has many of the characteristics of an underdeveloped area and of a low income economy.This research used dependency theory as a framework for examining the causes of underdevelopment in the Kimberley. The development that occurred in the region during the relevant period has been catalogued by the creation of a database. This has enabled the collected information to be examined and manipulated in many ways. The database has allowed the detail of development in the Kimberley to be studied with respect to time, place and type of activity. This made it possible to examine the five hypotheses proposed by A. G. Frank which he considered likely to lead to fruitful research. The detailed study of these hypotheses would not have been possible in the way described without the database.It was found that dependency theory does help to explain and understand the development experience of the Kimberley region of Western Australia during the twentieth century. This was the clear and positive result of this study.The extension to Frank’s core dependency theory, the five hypotheses, were not found to be applicable to the Kimberley region nor supported by the data. The hypotheses, therefore, do not add to our understanding of the nature of Kimberley development during the period examined. This does not invalidate or devalue the usefulness of dependency theory in this study.
41
Karakaya, Gungor. "Essays on population ageing, dependency and overeducation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210405.
Анотація:
The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the problem of population ageing in terms of the cessation of professional activity (and especially premature labour market withdrawals) and non-medical care needs of persons who are dependent or have lost their autonomy, in order to provide the various public and private administrations active in these fields with some food for thought.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
42
Andersson, Fredrik. "Mot framtiden på gamla spår? : Regionala intressegrupper och beslutsprocesser kring kustjärnvägarna i Norrland under 1900-talet." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Economic History, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-206.
Анотація:
In this dissertation the construction of two coastal railways, the East Coast Line and the Bothnia Line, in the Norrland region of northern Sweden is used as a case study of how regionally based interest groups are formed, and how they gain access to decision-making processes on a national level. In periods when a number of preconditions were in place, a window of opportunity opened for the coastal railway that the regional elites could exploit. Among these was the ability to form a coherent regional interest group, through institutions that created platforms and power-bases that enable regional elites to co-operate and act on regional and national levels.The existence of an institutional framework that was adapitve towards regional railway promotion was also important. The study shows that the coastal railway had a very flexible role on the agenda, as it provided a fixed solution against which actors could pin a multitude of different problems. An important factor for explaining the development of the coastal railway question in Norrland was the ideological notion of the region itself. Being a vast, resource-rich and sparsely populated region, Norrland had almost always received special consideration in both public opinion and national policy making. It also created a remarkable stubbornness among the regional actors in working for the coastal railway. Regional interest groups had also learnt that linking their claims to Norrland's peripheral position had high legitimacy on the national arena, by claiming the need for regional fairness and/or the national importance of the regional export-intensive industries. This was instrumental in justifying the repeated exemptions from the national railway policy regimes that ultimately were decissive in making the regional elites successful.
43
Chang, Chao-Ting. "Soil water availability regulates soil respiration temperature dependence in Mediterranean forests." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406082.
Анотація:
The variations of ecosystem and soil respiration are mainly driven by temperature and precipitation, but the importance of temperature and precipitation could vary across temporal and spatial. At diurnal to annual temporal scales, ecosystem and soil respiration generally increase with average annual temperature, but very low or very high soil moisture has been shown to diminish the temperature response of respiration. Therefore, in water-limited ecosystem, such as the Mediterranean region where the seasonal pattern is characterized with significant summer drought, precipitation patterns are likely to play a particularly important role in regulating ecosystem and soil respiration inter annual whereas temperature may be much less factor. In this dissertation, I try to reduce the uncertainties of terrestrial net ecosystem exchange in Mediterranean region by measuring the interaction between environmental factors and soil respiration at short (i.e., diurnal) and medium (i.e., seasonal-years) temporal scales. Three in situ experiments were employed to investigate how soil respiration responds to environmental variations and management. Together, these three studies gave a consistent picture on how soil moisture strongly affects the dynamic and magnitude of soil respiration in Mediterranean forests. Results elucidated a clear soil moisture threshold; when soil moisture is above this threshold, soil temperature is the main driver of soil respiration, meanwhile, when soil moisture is below this threshold, soil respiration decoupled from soil temperature and is controlled by soil moisture. This suggests that soil moisture modified, at least in Mediterranean ecosystems, the temperature sensitivity of respiration through threshold-like response.Las variaciones de la respiración del ecosistema y del suelo son principalmente impulsadas por la temperatura y la precipitación, pero la importancia de la temperatura y la precipitación puede variar a lo largo del tiempo y el espacio. En las escalas temporales diurnas a anuales, la respiración del ecosistema y del suelo generalmente aumenta con la temperatura media anual, pero se ha demostrado que la humedad del suelo muy baja o muy alta disminuye la respuesta a la temperatura de la respiración. Por lo tanto, en ecosistemas con escasez de agua, como la región mediterránea, donde el patrón estacional se caracteriza por sequías significativas en verano, es probable que los patrones de precipitación jueguen un papel particularmente importante en la regulación de la respiración del ecosistema y del suelo. En esta tesis, intento reducir las incertidumbres del intercambio de ecosistemas netos terrestres en la región mediterránea midiendo la interacción entre los factores ambientales y la respiración del suelo a escalas temporales cortas (diurnas) y medias (estacionales). Se utilizaron tres experimentos in situ para investigar cómo la respiración del suelo responde a las variaciones y manejo del ambiente. En conjunto, estos tres estudios dieron una imagen consistente de cómo la humedad del suelo afecta fuertemente la dinámica y la magnitud de la respiración del suelo en los bosques mediterráneos. Los resultados dilucidaron un umbral claro de humedad del suelo; Cuando la humedad del suelo está por encima de este umbral, la temperatura del suelo es el principal impulsor de la respiración del suelo, mientras que la humedad del suelo está por debajo de este umbral, la respiración del suelo está desacoplada de la temperatura del suelo y controlada por la humedad del suelo. Esto sugiere que la humedad del suelo modificó, al menos en los ecosistemas mediterráneos, la sensibilidad a la temperatura de la respiración a través de la respuesta tipo umbral.
44
Luce, Mathias Seibel. "O subimperialismo brasileiro revisitado: a política de integração regional do governo Lula (2003-2007)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14394.
Анотація:
Esta dissertação resgata a tese de Ruy Mauro Marini sobre o subimperialismo brasileiro – formulada no interior da Teoria Marxista da Dependência – aplicando-a à análise da política de integração regional do governo Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, no contexto atual das relações interamericanas. Partindo dos nexos categoriais da tese sobre o subimperialismo, busca-se examinar criticamente o papel do Estado nas iniciativas de integração econômica como a ALCSA e a IIRSA, bem como a tendência expansionista das firmas de capital brasileiro na América do Sul, a partir da hipótese de uma reconfiguração territorial e da divisão regional do trabalho que atendem a interesses da burguesia brasileira integrada ao imperialismo dominante, bem como a seus sócios locais. Simultaneamente, discute-se a dinâmica de cooperação e conflito entre Brasil e EUA pelo controle do sistema regional de poder sul-americano, na qual em que pese existirem atritos, prevalece o objetivo comum de preservar, mediante a produção de consensos e o uso da coerção, o status quo capitalista nos países onde se desenvolvem as lutas antiimperialistas mais radicalizadas. Partindo dessa dupla dimensão, e valendo-se da correspondência diplomática coletada no Arquivo Histórico do Itamaraty, bem como de dados econômicos obtidos de diferentes fontes, atualiza-se a tese de Marini para nossos dias, propondo elementos adicionais de operacionalização de suas categorias de análise.The main goal of this work is to analyze the South America regional integration policy of President Lula’s government in Brazil. The analytical framework for this research was provided by an updated version of Ruy Mauro Marini’s subimperialism thesis and the Marxist Theory of Dependency. According to this conceptual framework, the current Brazilian foreign policies towards South America both reflect the current production forces level of development in this country and are actively trying to hammer out a new regional division of labor which mostly benefits the Brazilian bourgeoisie and the globally dominant imperialist forces. The close association between the Brazilian government and Brazilian firms and capitals operating abroad were uncovered through close examination of economic data (trade, financial and direct investments) in most South American countries, as well as confirmed by diplomatic evidence found out at the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Relations Historical Archives in Brasilia. As Brazil and United States of America struggle to control the South American regional system, the resulting conflict and cooperation dynamics between the two actors reinforces the true nature of Lula´s policies. Brazil does prefer consensual approaches while United States seem to rely upon a more explicit coercion policy, but that does not alter their common desire of avoiding the radical and antiimperialist agenda of several other governments in the region. In short, the economics and politics of Brazilian subimperialism in South America clearly show the vitality of Marini´s Marxist Theory of Dependency and remind us to not take thoughtlessly initiatives like the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA).
45
Gondwe, Carlton H. M. "Dependency, economic integration and development in developing areas : the cases of EAC, ECOWAS and SADCC." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66066.
46
Marberg, Mikael. "Phippsia concinna in Sweden : Exploring ecological dependencies in a regionally endangered plant species that occurs in alpine snowbeds." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101244.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study is to 1: Get an updated population estimate for the regionally endangered alpine specialist plant Phippsia concinna in Sweden and 2: Explore the ecological dependencies that limits the distributions of this species to late melt-out alpine snowbeds on calcareous soils, and 3: Explore if climate change in the southern part of the Scandes mountain range is causing a decline in the population numbers of P. concinna. The majority of the sites in Sweden where P. concinna occurred historically was inventoried in 1992. This study presents the results of a re-inventory of the same snowbeds after 22 years, along with measurements of abiotic soil factors and records of abundance and composition of associated vegetation at the sites. The main findings are 1: Population number of P. concinna has increased but one third of the original populations has disappeared since 1992, and 2: Soil pH appears to limit the distributions of P. concinna while slope aspect and soil Nitrogen concentrations affects this species competitive abilities in the Swedish Scandes. 3: Presence of P. concinna is negatively correlated to cover of other graminoids and bryophytes. These results suggests that snowbeds are melting earlier following increased temperatures and precipitations in summer, resulting in longer vegetation periods that favours plant species with stronger competitive abilities over specialised snowbed species. The observed rate of change in P. concinna populations during 22 years is evidence of fast occurring vegetation changes and highlights the need to monitor rare plant species in alpine environments.
47
Bleninger, Sara [Verfasser], and Susanne [Akademischer Betreuer] Rässler. "KriMI: A Multiple Imputation Approach for Preserving Spatial Dependencies - Imputation of Regional Price Indices using the Example of Bavaria / Sara Bleninger ; Betreuer: Susanne Rässler." Bamberg : University of Bamberg Press, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1151667331/34.
48
Bennett, Michael, and n/a. "For a labourer worthy of his hire : Aboriginal economic responses to colonisation in the Shoalhaven and Illawarra, 1770-1900." University of Canberra. School of Resource, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050331.134721.
Анотація:
This thesis presents a narrative of Aboriginal economic responses in the 19th century to
the colonisation of the Shoalhaven and Illawarra regions of New South Wales. It
explores the competing claims of articulation theory and dependency theory about the
intersection of colonial and indigenous economies. Dependency theory claims that
settlers destroy the indigenous mode of production to permit the expansion of their own
economic system. They exploit indigenous labour which then becomes dependent on
capitalist sources of subsistence. Articulation theory, as modified by Layton (2001) to
recognise the bi-directional nature of contact, posits that the rate of capitalist penetration
into indigenous economies is variable and that the non-capitalist mode of production may
be preserved to create a self-supporting source of labour. The contrasting theories are
assessed in this thesis by determining the contribution different strategies made to
Aboriginal subsistence. Historical evidence is used to assess each strategy. The main
source of information is from Alexander Berry's Shoalhaven estate, where Aboriginal
people lived from settlement in 1822 until they were moved to a reserve in the early
1900s. The analysis suggests that contrary to previous research, Aboriginal people
gained the majority of their subsistence from fishing, hunting and gathering until 1860.
Strategies that depended on the colonial economy such as farm work, trading, living with
settlers and stealing made only minor contributions to Aboriginal subsistence. After
1860, European land use intensified and Aboriginal people were further alienated from
the land. The contribution of hunting and gathering contracted as a result. Dependency
on government assistance increased, particularly after the foundation of the Aborigines
Protection Board in 1882. Fishing remained an important source of food and cash.
Maritime resources were not commercially exploited to a significant extent until the
closing years of the 19th century when Aboriginal people were provided with boats and
nets to assist their efforts. The historical evidence demonstrates that articulation theory
offers a more realistic approach than does dependency theory when analysing the
intersection of colonial and indigenous economies. This is because articulation theory
can predict variable outcomes. The variable outcome suggested by the Shoalhaven and
Illawarra data are that hunting, gathering and fishing economies have the resilience to
withstand the colonial encounter if sufficient resources are made available.
49
Lind, Patrik. "Regionbildning : En institutionell studie av Region Skåne, Västra Götalandsregionen, och "Region Svealand"." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-136471.
Анотація:
Based on the concept of path-dependence, this thesis examines regional representatives’ notion of rationalizations in three Swedish regions. In the provinces of Skåne and Västra Götaland the responsibility for welfare issues like health care, regional development, communications, and culture, is appointed to the two organizations Region Skåne and Västra Götalandsregionen. Both organizations are results of merger processes between old organizations called landsting, with a smaller geographical scale and less responsibility. In Svealand three landsting formally have applied for a similar fusion like the ones in Skåne and in Västra Götaland. The idea behind these fusions is that rationalizations in the field of welfare, are achieved by changing the scale of production, from lesser to larger units. This thesis shows that the perceived effect of rationalization by fusion, can take time. Old norms, values, and cultures that emanate from the landsting are for example conceived by the regional representatives in Västra Götaland and in Svealand, to prevent what kind of rationalizations the organizations are able to accomplish. In Skåne, on the contrary, the notion that the regional organization has overcome its historically defined problems, dominate. In that sense, Västra Götalandregionen and the region-building process in Svealand are path-dependent. But Region Skåne, on the other hand, has overcome its historical institutional legacy. This thesis highlights the importance of examining organization histories to be able to understand why certain decisions are hard to make, and why institutions evolve or not. This is also important to acknowledge when the regions’ representatives try to construct regions. From this perspective, the thesis tries to clarify how people’s expectations can delay what kind of rationalizations an organization can implement and how these expectations seem to legitimize what decisions the organization are able to take. The thesis also tries to clarify one way of using the concept of “path-dependence” in academic studies by the usage of ideal types.
50
Östhol, Anders. "Politisk integration och gränsöverskridande regionbildning i Europa." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 1996. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65809.
Анотація:
This study starts out with the hypothesis that the integration process in Europe is connected to cross-border régionalisation, a process which supports the institutionalization of subnational cross-border cooperation - region-building. Cross-border régionalisation is characterized by the decentralisation of vertical links and enhanced opportunities for horizontal links across state borders. In addition, political integration is expected to have some impact on the cross-border institutional forms that emerge at the subnational level. Three different approaches are utilized in order to establish the empirical connection between political integration and region-building. These are: an analysis of the factors which determine the general pattern of cross-border cooperation in Europe, an analysis of the policy network related to the regional and structural policies of the European Union (EU), and case studies of cooperation in the heartland of Europe, the Regio Basiliensis along the external border of the EU, and the EUREGIO along one of the internal borders. Two institutional factors are found to have a significant impact on the number of subnational cross-border cooperations, EU-membership and centrality. Federal constitution was shown not to be significant. It is suggested that the interaction between actors at different politico- administrative levels creates network relations, which typically bring both private and public actors together. More precisely, region-building is described as the outcome of the interaction which takes place between actors. A closer examination of the emerging policy network shows that community initiatives, the Interreg-programme in particular, improve the prospects for multilevel interaction. The EU plays a crucial role in providing the incentives for cooperation by increasing resource dependency and by establishing direct ties between the European Commission and a large number of subnational actors through partnerships. It appears as if the Commission wishes to demonstrate its capacity to deal with problems relevant to individual citizens. By, in part, bypassing central governments, it seems to increase its own importance vis- à-vis member states. The modus vivendi of cross-border region-building and régionalisation is the degree to which institutional actors at different levels share the same objectives. As shown by the case studies, there is a common interest in cross-border cooperation up to the point were public statues are introduced. Interests seem to coincide as long as the structures and contents of cross-border cooperation do not ultimately challenge the authority of state institutions. Therefore, it is not surprising that it seems impossible to give cross-border regions any rights under international law. Functional cooperation, rather than regionalist manifestations of cultural or political unity across borders, constitutes the backbone of region-building. Activities transcending borders are less controversial than those that may contribute to the establishment of new borders. It is concluded that region-building is a process which is embedded in the institutionalization of a multi-level interaction pattern. More favourable multilevel relations have been achieved through the transfer of some authority to the supranational level. This is the main reason why traditional integration theory fails to explain why there is a connection between political integration and cross-border cooperation.digitalisering@umu