Статті в журналах: "Unilateral termination of contract"

1

Wulandari, Retno. "Legal Protection of Franchisee in Franchise Contract Which Franchisor Unilaterally Terminates." NORMA 18, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/nlj.v18i1.1288.

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The Franchisor and the Franchisee's engagement tends to be based on the value of business profits alone. The document that becomes evidence (franchise agreement) tends to be poorly understood by the Franchisee, which can cause legal problems for him. One of the legal issues that can occur is the unilateral termination of the Franchisor to the Franchisee. Franchise agreements tend to be standardized, which comes from the Franchisor. These conditions make the Franchisee obliged to understand the agreement's contents well so that the franchise agreement is not terminated unilaterally by the Franchisor. This study aims to find out and analyze how legal protection for franchisee is based on franchise agreement. This research method is a normative legal research approach. The result of this study is unilateral termination of the franchise agreement will undoubtedly cause various legal problems for the parties bound in the franchise agreement.Keywords: Termination, Agreement, Franchise.

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Usman, Nurainy, Merry Tjoanda, and Saartje Sarah Alfons. "Akibat Hukum Dari Pemutusan Kontrak Secara Sepihak." Batulis Civil Law Review 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v2i1.561.

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This study aims to determine how the arrangements for the unilateral termination of the contract/agreement and what are the legal consequences arising from the unilateral termination of the contract. The research method used is normative juridical. The approach used in this research is the statute approach and the case approach, and the conceptual approach. The conclusion of the research results is that; contract termination arrangements and legal consequences are regulated in Articles 1266, 1267, 1243 and 1365 of the Civil Code. The conditions for an agreement to be canceled unilaterally are that the agreement must be reciprocal, there is default, and the cancellation must be requested from the judge. Unilateral termination of the agreement due to default without going through the court is an act against the law. The legal consequence of the unilateral termination of the agreement due to default is a claim for compensation from the party who feels aggrieved. The Civil Code does not explicitly regulate the differentiation of compensation as a result of default with compensation as a result of an act against the law. Based on the research results, it is found that compensation as a result of default is compensation in the form of material, while compensation for an illegal act is compensation in the form of material and immaterial. It is hoped that in the future there will be clear regulations regarding compensation as a result of default and compensation as a result of acts against the law.

3

Trinh, Hang Thi. "Some Some issues on the employee’s right to unilaterally terminate the employment contract under the 2019 Labor Code." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 5, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v5i3.768.

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Article 35 of the Vietnamese Constitution 2013 stipulates that "Citizens have the right to work, choose a career and workplace." This is one of the basic rights of citizens and is concretized by an array of different regulations to regulate the labor relations between employees and employers. Of the regulations, provisions on the employee's right to unilaterally terminate the employment contract are emphasized. Within the scope of this article, the author points out a number of issues which are associated with the employee's rights to unilaterally terminate the employment contract stipulated in the Labor Code 2019, specifically the provisions in Section 3, Chapter III. In order to clarify and deepen the issues, the author uses the comparison method between the provisions of the Labor Code 2019 and the provision of the Labor Code 2012, reviewing and analyzing the issues of grounds and procedures for exercising the right to unilaterally terminate the employment contract of the employee; rights and obligations of employees when unilaterally terminating the employment contract legally; rights and obligations of employees when unilaterally terminating the employment contract illegally. In particular, the issues of grounds for the termination of the employment contract, a notice period before the unilateral termination of the employment contract, severance allowances and unemployment benefits are analyzed thoroughly to highlight the positive points as well as the gaps that currently exist and affect employees and employers. Finally, the author gives a number of recommendations to improve the legal regulations, creating balance and stability in labor relations as well as sustainable development for the economy and society.

4

Cahyono, Anton, Ninis Nugraheni, and Mokhamad Khoirul Huda. "THE LIABILITY OF UNILATERAL TERMINATION BY GOVERNMENT ON GOODS AND SERVICE PROCUREMENT CONTRACT." Hang Tuah Law Journal 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/htlj.v2i1.38.

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<p>The increasing development in Indonesia, particularly the development of public facilities and infrastructures makes many public contracts, commonly called governmental goods and service contract, increase as well. It is a contract which one of the parties involves the government. In Indonesia, goods and service procurement contracts are not always well-conducted as expected. Lawsuits, which one of those is the liability from one party, may reveal in such contracts. Therefore, this study would discuss about an issue of unilateral contract termination on good-and-service procurement contract along with its solution. Referring to legal regulation related to governmental good-and-service procurement contract, President’s Regulation No. 54 Year 2010 on Governmental Goods and service Procurement and had been amended by President’s Regulation No. 4 Year 2015 about the Forth Amandment of President’s Regulation No. 54 Year 2010 about Governmental Goods and service Procurement.</p>

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Varavenko, Victor Evgenyevich, and Valeriya Andreevna Ostroukhova. "Unilateral termination of construction contract: comparative analysis of civil Legislation and international contract forms." Право и политика, no. 2 (February 2021): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2021.2.35113.

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The subject of this research is the similarities and differences between the contract forms developed by the international nongovernmental organizations for application in the sphere of investment construction activity (contracts terms for engineering, procurement, construction/ for turnkey projects, second edition of 2017, developed by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), framework “turnkey” contract for large projects, first edition of 2007, developed by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)) and the norms of national civil legislation (Parts I and II of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) that regulate unilateral termination of construction contracts. The novelty of this research lies in conducting a comparative analysis of Russian legislation and contract forms developed by the international nongovernmental organizations. The examination of foreign experience in the sphere of legal regulation of termination of contract are based on analysis of the norms of contract law of the national legal systems of foreign countries. However, according to the foreign authors, contract law within the systems of both, general and continental law, was developing in seclusion, without substantial influence of one national system upon another. International influence upon the national contract law emerged relatively recently in the sphere of foreign economic activity. At the same time, the key factor for mutual enrichment of the national systems of contract law became the use of international contract forms, which contributed to the unification of contractual regulation of the relations of obligation in national jurisdictions. Their influence upon the development of contract law was far more substantial than even the development of international conventions with substantive law regulations.

6

Guriev, Sergei, and Dmitriy Kvasov. "Contracting on Time." American Economic Review 95, no. 5 (November 1, 2005): 1369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282805775014452.

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The paper shows how time considerations, especially those concerning contract duration, affect incomplete contract theory. Time is not only a dimension along which the relationship unfolds, but also a continuous verifiable variable that can be included in contracts. We consider a bilateral trade setting where contracting, investment, trade, and renegotiation take place in continuous time. We show that efficient investment can be induced either through a sequence of constantly renegotiated fixed-term contracts; or through a renegotiation-proof “evergreen” contract—a perpetual contract that allows unilateral termination with advance notice. We provide a detailed analysis of properties of optimal contracts.

7

Azizah, Siti, Husni Mubarrak, and Muslem Muslem. "UMROH AS THE REASON FOR UNILATERAL TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT BY PT. DARUSSALAM BERLIAN MOTOR FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IJĀRAH BI AL-‘AMAL (Verdict Case Study No. 1/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2019/PN Bna)." Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial 11, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/dusturiyah.v11i1.8430.

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PT. Darussalam Berlian Motor has terminated one of its employees on the grounds of performing the umroh. However the company/defendant argued that the employee/litigant had left their job without even notifying the defendant in advance. The defendat also explained that during their tenure, the litigant often made serious mistakes. On contrary, due to the serious mistakes that had been committed before, the defendant did not terminate the employment contract and the action was only taken when the litigant performed umroh in the holy land. The question in this research is how the judge considers the unilateral termination of employment experienced by the employee and what are the factors that cause the judge to grant the litigant’s claim. And how is the perspective of Ijārah bi al-‘Amal contract against the judge’s decision regardimg the grant of the litigant’s claim. In this research the authors used normative legal research method that analyzed the judge’s decree No. 1/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2019/PN Bna with qualitative approach. The judge in his decree considered thet the termination of employment on the grounds that the litigant had committed serious problems could not be considered because it was not in accordance with the applicable law. As for the factors that caused the judge to grant the litigant’s claim, due to the absence of evidence of a second PKWT contract between the litigant and the defendant, that’s why the previously PKWT contract changed to PKWTT contract. In Islamic law, when ones terminating a work relationship a company can perform fasakh through urbun which has similarities with the obligation to pay severance pay. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that unilateral termination of employment cannot be justified and does not have a string legal force.

8

Soloveičik, Deividas. "The Implementation of the Discretion of the Contracting Authority while Terminating a Public Contract for a Material Breach." Teisė 116 (October 6, 2020): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2020.116.4.

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This publication is a scholarly research on two separate yet interconnected legal categories: the discretion of the contracting authorities in public procurement and their right to use a unilateral termination of the public contract for the material breach as a remedy. The author hereby contends that there is a two-phase test which must be used in each case when the question of discretion arises. Moreover, the author believes that the latter cognitive tool must be implemented during the both at the time of the procurement procedures and amid the execution of the public contract. The author also argues that the provisions of the Civil Code must not be solely referred to in cases of termination of a public contract and that the procurement principles must always be deployed alongside to make a rational decision regarding the exit of the public contract.

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Позднышева, Елена, and Elena Pozdnysheva. "Implementation of the Provisions on Termination and Modification of the Contract in the New Edition of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22720.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of practical application of provisions of Chapter 29 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation which regulating the issues of modification and termination of the contract by courts. The relevance of such analysis was caused by the introduction of the new edition of Chapter 29 of the Civil Code as well as the practice of its application by courts resulting to increasing of the number of lawsuits concerning disputes on modification and termination of the contract caused by the economic crisis of the past two years. In addition, the number of lawsuits on refusal of one of the contractors from the contract in cases stipulated by the contract considering by arbitration courts was also increased. On the basis of the analysis of judicial practice the author has made a conclusion that if parties to a contract want to provide in the contract the possibility of cancellation of the agreement for any reason other than provided in the Civil Code, other laws or other legal acts, such grounds have to be expressly listed in the agreement, or the contract has to contain wording about the possibility of termination of the contract on any other grounds. The author has noted the necessity of unification of the approaches to the qualification of the sum which has to be paid in a case of the early termination of the contract as it provided by the clause 3, article 310 of the Civil Code for the unilateral refusal of execution of obligations regardless of how the specified amount named in the contract.

10

Kiselova, O. I., and Y. V. Nomirovskaya. "Peculiarities of termination of the employment agreement at the initiative of the owner or the authorized authority." Legal horizons, no. 22 (2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i22.p58.

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The article is devoted to clarifying the peculiarities of the procedure for termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the owner or his authorized body. The article analyzes the concepts of «termination of employment contract», «annulation of employment contract» and «dismissal». It was found that the annulation of the employment contract is the termination of employment by unilateral expression of the will of the party to the contract or a third party. It is determined that the employer, unlike the employee, may terminate the employment contract only in cases specified by law and in the manner prescribed by law. The grounds for annulation of the employment contract at the initiative of the employer can be divided into three groups: 1) related to production needs; 2) related to the identity of the employee in the absence of his fault; 3) related to the guilty actions of the employee. Termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the employer in connection with the guilty actions of the employee (committing a disciplinary offense) is through the application of disciplinary action in the form of dismissal. At the same time, both the general requirements for termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the owner or his authorized body (for example, prohibition of dismissal during temporary incapacity for work or during vacation) and the procedure for imposing disciplinary sanctions set by the Labor Code of Ukraine must be met. It was found that in each case the employer is obliged to prove the existence of appropriate grounds with appropriate evidence (these may be memos, decisions of the attestation commission, acts and materials of inspections, orders to impose disciplinary sanctions on the employee during the year, witness statements, etc.). It is determined that there is a need to legislate the list of entities that can be dismissed on additional grounds, as well as to clarify the concept of one-time gross violation of labor duties.

11

Lanoszka, Alexander. "Beyond consent and coercion: using republican political theory to understand international hierarchies." International Theory 5, no. 3 (November 2013): 382–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971913000249.

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In categorizing international hierarchies, theorists often emphasize some balance between levels of consent and coercion. I show that emphasis on these terms is conceptually problematic. Borrowing insights from republican political theory, I argue that we can better distinguish hierarchies on the basis of whether they feature domination. Under domination the subordinate’s freedom of choice is contingent upon the predilections of the superordinate state, which can assert its supremacy whenever and possibly, however, it may please. Moreover, subordinate states cannot unilaterally and peacefully withdraw from the hierarchy. By contrast, in hierarchies of non-domination the superordinate state enjoys the ‘powers of attorney’ with which it might be permitted to practice coercion in order to advance an agreed-upon goal. The contract underpinning this type of hierarchy also allows for the unilateral and peaceful termination by the subordinate, either through withdrawal or expiry. I demonstrate the applicability of this conceptual framework by examining Soviet and American relations with Central-Eastern and Western Europe, respectively, during the Cold War.

12

Kapp, Marshall B. "Altering the Home Care Agency/Client Relationship: Notice Requirements." Care Management Journals 5, no. 3 (September 2004): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/cmaj.2004.5.3.131.

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Many older and disabled individuals regularly receive valuable services from home health agencies (HHAs). The unilateral termination or reduction of such services by an HHA may exert a significant impact on the life of a client who has come to depend on those services. The prerogatives of Medicare-certified HHAs to terminate their relationships with clients are constrained today not only by contract and tort law principles, but also by federal statutes and regulations establishing Conditions of Participation, including provisions concerning clients’ rights. A recent important federal judicial decision interpreted and expanded the legal responsibilities of HHAs to provide formal notice to their Medicare clients before terminating or reducing home health care services to those clients, regardless of the reason for ending or altering the relationship. This article critically discusses the background, holding, and practice implications of the 2004Lutwin v. Thomsondecision, which imposes these notice requirements on HHAs.

13

Belousov, V. N. "Contract of a Commercial Concession in Russian Law: Issues of Theory and Practice." Siberian Law Herald 1 (2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2021.1.31.

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The article is devoted to the analysis and resolution of problems arising during the conclusion and execution of a commercial concession agreement. The article substantiates the consideration of a commercial concession agreement as an independent type of civil contract. The criterion for the independence of this type of agreement is the presence of its own subject matter (the rightholder performing actions to grant the user the right to use a set of exclusive rights), as well as othertractors are differentiated. It is concluded that quality control of goods (works, services) produced (performed, rendered) by the user must be considered as a duty of the copyright holder, which cannot be excluded by agreement of the parties. The reasons for the absence of the legal obligation of the copyright holder to offer the user to conclude a contract for a new term are established. Special rules on termination of a commercial concession agreement are studied. The cases for motivated and unmotivated unilateral refusal of the contract are named. Specific proposals have been developed to improve the rules on a commercial concession agreement.

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Muzakki, Harir, and Ahmad Sumanto. "Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Upah Pembajak Sawah di Desa Klesem Pacitan." AL-'ADALAH 14, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v14i2.1909.

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This paper discusses the review of Islamic law regarding the contract of renting a tractor to plow the fields in Klesem Village, Kebon Agung Subdistrict, Pacitan Regency. The aim is to find out whether the practice is in accordance with Islamic law or not. In general, the wage contract in Klesem Village can be classified into the ijarah contract in Islamic law. The main principle in the ijarah contract is mutual benefit and prohibited from judging. Determination of wages must be clear which includes the amount of wages and the procedure for payment. This study finds out that, plow machine service providers often do not keep the time and ask for additional from the wages previously promised. Determination of wage changes and cancellation or termination of contracts unilaterally is certainly detrimental to the farmers. Thus, although in general the practice of renting tractors in the village of Klesem is legal according to Islamic law, there are still practices violating the principles of Islamic law.

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Semenovich, K. S. "Liability of the parties to grid connection agreements." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.67.3.106-115.

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The article analyzes the terms of the Grid Connection Agreement established by the Grid Connection Regulation with regard to the provisions on liability of the parties. Thus, according to the Grid Connection Regulation, the applicant’s right to unilaterally rescind the contract, the penalty, the obligation to reimburse legal expenses and the right of the network organization to apply to the court for the contract termination in cases provided for in the Regulation relate to the parties liability measures. The provisions stipulated by the Regulation do not generally apply to civil liability, which leads to confusion of legal concepts. The relations of the parties to the Grid Connection Agreement are subject to liability measures established by the general rules, namely, penalty and damages.

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Zhou (Yi Syuu), Wei, Ian Hsiao, Vernon W. H. Lin, and John C. Longhurst. "Modulation of cardiovascular excitatory responses in rats by transcutaneous magnetic stimulation: role of the spinal cord." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 3 (March 2006): 926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01130.2005.

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This study investigated the efficacy of magnetic stimulation on the reflex cardiovascular responses induced by gastric distension in anesthetized rats and compared these responses to those influenced by electroacupuncture (EA). Unilateral magnetic stimulation (30% intensity, 2 Hz) at the Jianshi-Neiguan acupoints (pericardial meridian, P 5–6) overlying the median nerve on the forelimb for 24 min significantly decreased the reflex pressor response by 32%. This effect was noticeable by 20 min of magnetic stimulation and continued for 24 min. Median nerve denervation abolished the inhibitory effect of magnetic stimulation, indicating the importance of somatic afferent input. Unilateral EA (0.3–0.5 mA, 2 Hz) at P 5–6 using similar durations of stimulation similarly inhibited the response (35%). The inhibitory effects of EA occurred earlier and were marginally longer (20 min) than magnetic stimulation. Magnetic stimulation at Guangming-Xuanzhong acupoints (gallbladder meridian, GB 37–39) overlying the superficial peroneal nerve on the hindlimb did not attenuate the reflex. Intravenous naloxone immediately after termination of magnetic stimulation reversed inhibition of the cardiovascular reflex, suggesting involvement of the opioid system. Also, intrathecal injection of δ- and κ-opioid receptors antagonists, ICI174,864 ( n = 7) and nor-binaltorphimine ( n = 6) immediately after termination of magnetic stimulation reversed inhibition of the cardiovascular reflex. In contrast, the μ-opioid antagonist CTOP ( n = 7) failed to alter the cardiovascular reflex. The endogenous neurotransmitters for δ- and κ-opioid receptors, enkephalins and dynorphin but not β-endorphin, therefore appear to play significant roles in the spinal cord in mediating magnetic stimulation-induced modulation of cardiovascular reflex responses.

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Ilham, Nyak. "Implementation of Relationships between Stake holders in Small Scale Broiler Business Partnerships in Indonesia." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 30, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v30i3.2487.

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The problem of small-scale broiler business is the low efficiency and low application of biosecurity. In the chicken industry, however, efficiency is an essential consideration for product competitiveness in terms of both price and quality. Vertical integration involving small scale businesses in partnership models is expected to maintain the existence of small scale businesses. This paper aims to analyze the performance of the implementation of various models of broiler business partnerships with the legal basis for the establishment of partnership. In this paper there are four models to be discussed, namely: Partnership of National Price Contract (KKHN), Partnership of Regional Price Contracts (KKHR), Partnership of Local Broiler Maklun (KMLB), and Partnership of Local Revenue Sharing (KBHL). The implementation of legislation for the broiler partnership is weak. This can be seen from the tendency of the core companies to narrow down to the KKHN model, while other models are being pushed and bankrupt, and there is the occurrence of unilateral business relationship termination by the nucleus company to plasma as its business partner. The policy recommendations offered are: (i) There is a need to strengthen regulation and guidance by relevant agencies in charge of animal husbandry and animal health functions at the central and regional levels supported by Business Competition Supervision Commission (KPPU); (ii) The company is advised not to break the partnership relationship with small-scale farmers who have worked together for a long time; (iii) The company should reserve funds from the farmer's chicken harvest to reinvest the chicken cage.

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Resa, Teresia Dweyana, Achmad jaka Santos Adiwijaya, and Ujang Bahar. "ASAS ITIKAD BAIK DALAM KONTRAK KERJASAMA KEGIATAN PERTAMBANGAN DI INDONESIA." JURNAL ILMIAH LIVING LAW 12, no. 2 (October 2, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jill.v12i2.2625.

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Every human being has a variety of interests both individuals and the interests of the group, of course, to fulfill these interests is required of other human relationships or deeds. One manifestation of human relations is carried out through a conshelf or agreement, in particular cooperation agreements. This research aims to determine the application of the principles of goodwill in the contract of cooperation in mining activities in Indonesia, how the termination of unilateral agreements and how the agreement related to the cooperation with the law Mining in Indonesia.This research uses empirical approach methods. This empirical approach is used in the hopes of being able to obtain a clear and intact picture of the background and the intricacies of the implementation of contractual agreements and also to know the constraints faced in the implementation of the agreement The. Data collection techniques and Data collection tools using observational techniques that are data collection techniques by viewing or observing directly on the research object. Documentation technique is a technique of collecting data obtained from documents that are in the form of archives or other manuscripts obtained from institutions related to research. The research object is the parties who do the cooperation agreement on mining activities in Indonesia (case study of Supreme Court decision No. 2478 K/PDT/2014)

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Yandra, Alexsander, Bunga Chintia Utami, and Khuriyatul Husna. "Distortion of Government Policy Orientation in Public-Private Partnership (PPP)." Policy & Governance Review 4, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v4i1.172.

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This study examines the issue of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) policy discrepancies in reducing waste management and the occurrence of distortion of disagreement between the city’s government and the private sector in interpreting the contents and the scope of the policy inϐluenced by the interests of various stakeholders, the private sector and daily workers. This study uses a qualitative approach on the results of ethical and emic data, discussing the content of short-term project-oriented policies, which are limited to the transport of waste to cause long-term policy orientation anomalies in the trash business, thus impacting the accumulation of waste on the road, termination of unilateral contracts and demonstrations by daily workers. For this reason, PPP policy implementation shows high interest but has a low contribution to the community in Pekanbaru.

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Gurumukhani, Jayanti K., Dhruvkumar M. Patel, Mukundkumar V. Patel, Maitri M. Patel, Anand V. Patel, and Suyog Y. Patel. "Short-Lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing (SUNCT) Status Like Condition: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature." Open Neurology Journal 14, no. 1 (September 22, 2020): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205x02014010074.

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Background: SUNCT (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) is rare trigeminal autonomic cephalgia characterized by recurrent, brief, excruciating unilateral, intermittent headache paroxysms over orbital, frontal or temporal region occurring multiple times per day and it can rarely present as “SUNCTstatus like condition” (SSLC). Case Report: A 28-year old male with a history of SUNCT headache for 6 months presented with left forehead stabs lasting for 30 seconds with a frequency of 40-45 episodes per hour for three days followed by infective gastroenteritis. His neurological examination was normal, except left-sided ptosis, tearing, and conjunctival injection. His MRI brain with contrast, MR angiography, and laboratory investigations were unremarkable except mild hypokalemia. He was treated with intravenous fluids, potassium replacement, and high dose methylprednisolone along with an escalated dose of carbamazepine. Review and Conclusion: We have reviewed the previously reported seven cases and our case of SSLC. Female: Male ratio was 3:1and the mean age was 40.87 years. Three patients responded to high dose steroids and three to lignocaine along with rapid escalation or change of anticonvulsant drugs. One case responded to the high dose of lamotrigine, and in a pregnant lady, the pain subsided only after the termination of the pregnancy. One case was secondary to multiple sclerosis, while the rest of seven were primary episodic SSLC. The condition is highly disabling, and the treatment with steroids or lignocaine, along with the rapid escalation of preventive drugs, can provide long-lasting relief

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Gurumukhani, Jayanti K., Dhruvkumar M. Patel, Mukundkumar V. Patel, Maitri M. Patel, Anand V. Patel, and Suyog Y. Patel. "Short-Lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing (SUNCT) Status Like Condition: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature." Open Neurology Journal 14, no. 1 (September 18, 2020): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205x02014010075.

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Background: SUNCT (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) is rare trigeminal autonomic cephalgia characterized by recurrent, brief, excruciating unilateral, intermittent headache paroxysms over orbital, frontal or temporal region occurring multiple times per day and it can rarely present as “SUNCTstatus like condition” (SSLC). Case Report: A 28-year old male with a history of SUNCT headache for 6 months presented with left forehead stabs lasting for 30 seconds with a frequency of 40-45 episodes per hour for three days followed by infective gastroenteritis. His neurological examination was normal, except left-sided ptosis, tearing, and conjunctival injection. His MRI brain with contrast, MR angiography, and laboratory investigations were unremarkable except mild hypokalemia. He was treated with intravenous fluids, potassium replacement, and high dose methylprednisolone along with an escalated dose of carbamazepine. Review and Conclusion: We have reviewed the previously reported seven cases and our case of SSLC. Female: Male ratio was 3:1and the mean age was 40.87 years. Three patients responded to high dose steroids and three to lignocaine along with rapid escalation or change of anticonvulsant drugs. One case responded to the high dose of lamotrigine, and in a pregnant lady, the pain subsided only after the termination of the pregnancy. One case was secondary to multiple sclerosis, while the rest of seven were primary episodic SSLC. The condition is highly disabling, and the treatment with steroids or lignocaine, along with the rapid escalation of preventive drugs, can provide long-lasting relief

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Beck, Thomas, Michael Weber, Ervin Horváth, and Andreas Wree. "Functional Cerebral Activity during Regeneration from Entorhinal Lesions in the Rat." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 16, no. 2 (March 1996): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199603000-00021.

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The consequences of an unilateral electrolytic entorhinal lesion on the functional activity in all major anatomically defined brain regions were evaluated in the rat. The 14C-2-deoxyglucose method served as a tool to quantify alterations of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion at 4 days, 2 weeks, or 3 months after stereotaxic surgery. Apart from a few minor increases in the contralateral hemisphere, the predominant pattern consisted of reductions in the range of 10–40% in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Ipsilaterally, in extrahippocampal areas, LCGU had regained control levels at 2 weeks postlesion in contrast to hippocampal regions, where reductions were more pronounced than in other brain areas and partially persisted for up to 3 months. Interestingly, the termination zones of entorhinal fibers in the dentate gyrus did not regain control levels within 3 months. We conclude from the data that functional recovery of denervated primary target areas does not occur within 3 months after entorhinal lesions and that altered functional activity may be found beyond the primary target areas predominantly during the acute recovery period after the lesion. The data suggest that sprouting fibers do not reestablish a fully functional neuronal network during the recovery period.

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DAMBAEVA, I. V. "Termination of social employment contract." Eurasian Law Journal 4, no. 143 (2020): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46320/2073-4506-2020-4-143-174-176.

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Nedeljkovic, Nikola. "Financial obligations and contract termination." Pravo - teorija i praksa 31, no. 7-9 (2014): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp1409029n.

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Gadsden, Jeff C., Danielle M. Lindenmuth, Admir Hadzic, Daquan Xu, Lakshmanasamy Somasundarum, and Kamil A. Flisinski. "Lumbar Plexus Block Using High-pressure Injection Leads to Contralateral and Epidural Spread." Anesthesiology 109, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31818631a7.

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Background The main advantage of lumbar plexus block over neuraxial anesthesia is unilateral blockade; however, the relatively common occurrence of bilateral spread (up to 27%) makes this advantage unpredictable. The authors hypothesized that high injection pressures during lumbar plexus block carry a higher risk of bilateral or neuraxial anesthesia. Methods Eighty patients undergoing knee arthroscopy (age 18-65 yr; American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II) during a standard, nerve stimulator-guided lumbar plexus block using 35 ml mepivacaine, 1.5%, were scheduled to be studied. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a low-pressure (< 15 psi) or a high-pressure (> 20 psi) injection, as assessed by an inline injection pressure monitor (BSmart; Concert Medical LLC, Norwell, MA). The block success rate and the presence of bilateral sensory and/or motor blockade were assessed. Results An interim analysis was performed at n = 20 after an unexpectedly high number of patients had neuraxial spread, necessitating early termination of the study. Five of 10 patients (50%) in the high-pressure group had a neuraxial block with a dermatomal sensory level T10 or higher. In contrast, no patient in the low-pressure group (n = 10) had evidence of neuraxial spread. Moreover, 6 patients (60%) in the high-pressure group demonstrated bilateral sensory blockade in the femoral distribution, whereas no patient in the low-pressure group had evidence of a bilateral femoral block. Conclusions Injection of local anesthetic with high injection pressure (> 20 psi) during lumbar plexus block commonly results in unwanted bilateral blockade and is associated with high risk of neuraxial blockade.

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김봉수. "Incidental Obligation and Termination of Contract." International Law Review 11, no. 2 (November 2019): 33–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36727/jjilr.11.2.201911.002.

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Mueller, Patrick J., and Eileen M. Hasser. "Putative role of the NTS in alterations in neural control of the circulation following exercise training in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 290, no. 2 (February 2006): R383—R392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00455.2005.

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Exercise training (ExTr) has been associated with alterations in neural control of the circulation, including effects on arterial baroreflex function. The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is the primary termination site of cardiovascular afferents and critical in the regulation of baroreflex-mediated changes in heart rate (HR) and sympathetic nervous system outflow. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether ExTr is associated with alterations in neurotransmitter regulation of neurons involved in control of cardiovascular function at the level of the NTS. We hypothesized that ExTr would increase glutamatergic and reduce GABAergic transmission in the NTS and that, collectively, these changes would result in a greater overall sympathoinhibitory drive from the NTS in ExTr animals. To test these hypotheses, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treadmill trained or maintained under sedentary conditions for 8–10 wk. NTS microinjections were performed in Inactin-anesthetized animals instrumented to record mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA). Generalized activation of the NTS with unilateral microinjections of glutamate (1–10 mM, 30 nl) produced dose-dependent decreases in MAP, HR, and LSNA that were unaffected by ExTr. Bilateral inhibition of NTS with the GABAA agonist muscimol (1 mM, 90 nl) produced increases in MAP and LSNA that were blunted by ExTr. In contrast, pressor and sympathoexcitatory responses to bilateral microinjections of the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, kynurenate (40 mM, 90 nl), were similar between groups. Bradycardic responses to bilateral microinjections of the GABAA antagonist bicuculline (0.1 mM, 90 nl) were attenuated by ExTr. These data indicate that alterations in neurotransmission at the level of the NTS contribute importantly to regulation of HR and LSNA in ExTr animals. In addition to alterations at NTS, these experiments suggest indirectly that changes in other cardiovascular nuclei contribute to the observed alterations in neural control of the circulation following ExTr.

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Charykova, N. V. "Customer’s unilateral refusal to contract." Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. Series: Law 5, no. 3 (2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2618-8236-2020-15312.

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PALILING, DIMAS TEGAR. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PENYEDIA ATAS PENGHENTIAN KONTRAK PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA." Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist 2, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/volkgeist.v2i1.104.

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From the juridical standpoint that there are issues that are not acomodate in the technical regulations for the procurement of goods and services, in this presidential regulation Number 54 year 2010 along with the revised document. In an implementation of the contract for the procurement of goods and services, such as the implementation of the construction made possible the occurrence state of kahar. the goal of the research in this paper is analyzing the meaning of termination of contracts in the procurement of goods and services and analyze the legal consequences of termination of the contract against the execution of a contract for the procurement of goods and services .Research methods used in the writing of scientific papers using normative legal research methods. Research results show that the meaning of termination and termination of Contracts for the procurement of goods and services differs. Termination of the contract is a contract that is caused by the suspension not work power force of the implementation of the contract, but the contract still exist, such as the circumstances of the termination of legal consequences whereas kahar contract is the Provider is entitled to payment for the work that has been done and the user must make payment upon receipt of the goods/services; and the provider is entitled to financial compensation, in unison with the user having to provide financial compensation for the delay in payment, include the clause of the contract to change the determination of the length of time until when the contract is terminated and payout system.

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Kichigin, S. V. "Termination of Validity and Termination of Performance of an Employment Contract." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.113.4.091-098.

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Luzyanin, Taras Y. "The Issue of Property Insurance Contract Termination." Vestnik of the Omsk Law Academy, no. 2 (2016): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2306-1340-2016-2-28-34.

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Richardson, Barbara. "Termination of a contract without a dismissal." Nursing and Residential Care 4, no. 9 (September 2002): 446–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2002.4.9.10730.

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Evatt, G. W., P. V. Johnson, and P. W. Duck. "Optimal regulatory control of early contract termination." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 25, no. 3 (May 23, 2013): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpt010.

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Amkhan, Adnan. "Termination for Breach in Arab Contract Law." Arab Law Quarterly 10, no. 1 (1995): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302595x00030.

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Obryvkina, O. M., and K. V. Myronchuk. "TERMINATION OF AN INHERITANCE CONTRACT: LEGAL PRACTICE." SOCIOLOGY OF LAW, no. 4 (2019): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37687/2413-6433.2019-4.13.

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GREBENYUK V. V. "SOME ISSUES OF TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT." LAW AND INNOVATIVE SOCIETY 12, no. 1 (2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31359/2309-9275-2019-12-1-93.

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Mäkeläinen, Emma-Lotta, Sofia Toivonen, and Tiina Räsänen. "Proper, Weighty and Extremely Weighty Cause to End an Employment Contract in Finland." Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujlc.2018.v02.i01.p01.

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Employment relationship can be ended in many ways and under different circumstances. This article discusses the rules in Finland regarding the termination of employment contract. It analyses in outline what can be considered as a proper and weighty reason or an extremely weighty reason to end an employment contract. The Finnish Employment Contracts Act demands that there must always be a proper and weighty reason to end the employment contract. If the employer wants to end the employment contract summarily without notice, there must even be an extremely weighty reason to do that. Even though the employment legislation stipulates that there must be a legal ground to end the employment contract, the legislation does not contain any list of the acceptable grounds of termination or cancellation of the employment contract. In the legal practice and legal literature, it has been argued that the proper and weighty reason may be for example the neglect of the work obligations, competing activity and violating of the business secrets, use of intoxicants, criminal activity and inappropriate behaviour and in some cases even illness. However, the grounds for the termination or cancellation of the employment contract cannot be precisely defined because every termination and cancellation of the employment contract is unique.

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Zeemering, Eric S. "Why Terminate? Exploring the End of Interlocal Contracts for Police Service in California Cities." American Review of Public Administration 48, no. 6 (April 3, 2017): 596–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074017701224.

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With the recent growth in interlocal contracts for municipal service delivery, insufficient attention has been given to city governments that choose to terminate interlocal contracts. The termination of interlocal contracts deserves scrutiny because theory points to multiple possible explanations for service change. This research examines the termination of interlocal contracts for police service delivery by California cities between 2001 and 2010. Public documents from the nine cities that terminated interlocal contracts are analyzed to assess rationale for termination. The stated reasons for termination include problems related to community responsiveness, the contract relationship, local control, service cost, service levels, and staffing. Grounded theory is advanced through analysis of the nine cities. The research refines our understanding of how cities weigh the costs and benefits of in-house production versus production through interlocal contract. While contract failure is evident in some cities, termination may also be explained as a process of vertical integration and service expansion. The research refines theories about local government service delivery and informs the practice of interlocal contract management.

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Firaddin Mammadzada, Sabuna. "BREACH OF CONTRACT AS ONE OF THE GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION OF THE CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA." SCIENTIFIC WORK 54, no. 05 (June 5, 2020): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/54/91-94.

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40

곽민희. "The shift of the paradigm of breach of contract in contract termination under Japanese amendment civil law-Focused on the contract termination requirement theory-." JOURNAL OF PROPERTY LAW 35, no. 2 (August 2018): 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35142/prolaw.35.2.201808.002.

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Tapper, C. M. "Unilateral Termination of Treatment by a Psychiatrist." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 1 (February 1994): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900102.

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Lerner, Josh, and Ulrike Malmendier. "Contractibility and the Design of Research Agreements." American Economic Review 100, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 214–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.1.214.

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We analyze how contractibility affects contract design. A major concern when designing research agreements is that researchers use their funding to subsidize other projects. We show that, when research activities are not contractible, an option contract is optimal. The financing firm obtains the option to terminate the agreement and, in case of termination, broad property rights. The threat of termination deters researchers from cross-subsidization, and the cost of exercising the termination option deters the financing firm from opportunistic termination. We test this prediction using 580 biotechnology research agreements. Contracts with termination options are more common when research is non-contractible. (JEL D86, L65, O31, O34)

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Quattrocchio, Luciano, Luisa Tibiletti, and Mariacristina Uberti. "Early Termination Clauses for Leasing Contracts with APR Cap." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n12p290.

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Terminating a leasing contract early may entail the payment of additional charges attributable to penalty and late payment costs. The occurrence of these extra charges push the lease effective Annual Percentage Rate (APR) up. The aim of this note is to discuss the contract early termination extra charge conditions which guarantee the no exceedance of a given APR threshold, whenever the contract expires. In the event the contract provides the lessee the option to terminate the lease prior to the first payment, extra charges shoot APR extraordinarily up and so the penalty costs should be set at zero. In the occurrence that the contract terminates upon the first payment date due to lessee’s exercise of the early termination option, the most severe compliance conditions are those if the termination occurs at the first payment date. If the early termination occurs for lessee’s insolvency, the most severe compliance condition is at correspondence of the first admissible date of the contract redemption for insolvency after a minimum number of unpaid payments. The late payment cost compliance condition requires only that the late payment interest rate not exceeds the given APR cap. Our findings hold whatever the payback amortization is set at the date of entering into the contract. If the French amortization (fixed installments) is used, the compliance constrains turn out looser than those valid for a general amortization.

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Davies, Sarah, and Nadine Edwards. "Termination of the Albany Practice contract: unanswered questions." British Journal of Midwifery 18, no. 4 (April 2010): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2010.18.4.47380.

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45

Позднышева, Елена, and Elena Pozdnysheva. "Termination and Modification Effect of Civil Law Contract." Journal of Russian Law 5, no. 11 (November 29, 2017): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59f067bd4e11e8.89113500.

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46

Zakharenko, D. S. "CIVIL PECULIARITIES OF THE STATE (MUNICIPAL) CONTRACT TERMINATION." Law Gazette of the Kuban State University, no. 4 (2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31429/20785836-12-4-18-24.

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Venetska, Maryna. "Terms of fulfillment of the contractual obligation: law enforcement problems." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 32 (2021): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2021-32-330-340.

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The article is devoted to the issues of legal regulation and law enforcement practice of determining the terms of performance and termination of contractual obligations, in particular, given the ambiguity of interpretation in practice of terms of termination of contract and terms of termination of obligations, including security. The urgency of the problem lies in the ambiguity of the interpretation in practice of the terms of termination of the contract and the terms of termination of obligations, which, as can be seen, is a consequence of the insufficiently successful legal regulation of this issue by law. The issue of extension of the obligation after the expiration of the contract is analyzed from the standpoint that the contract and the obligation are not identical concepts. Contracts are the basis for the occurrence and form of existence of obligations, which simultaneously constitute the content of the contract, but the civil obligation is not covered only by the concept of contract. Discussion issues of certainty of the period (moment) of execution are considered, as the civil turnover is aware of the obligations with a definite and indefinite term (term) of execution, terms of fulfillment of obligations with regular payments. The problematic issues of determining the terms of fulfillment of security obligations, in particular, guarantees, are also analyzed. The practice of application by courts of the provisions of the legislation on the terms of fulfillment of contractual obligations has been analyzed and a number of proposals have been made to improve the current civil legislation.

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Popov, Danica. "Mistake as a ground for avoidance of contract." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 73, no. 9-10 (2001): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv0109431p.

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Upon Jugoslav law, only fundamental unilateral mistake (error) is relevant. The agreement can not be in force in a case of unilateral mistake. The contract which is reached, upon the basis of unilateral mistake is treated as a void contact. Apparent agreement is alleged to be vitiated by unilateral mistake. It is necessary to emphasize that only fundamental unilateral mistake can be taken in to consideration.

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Kuchina, Yu A. "Grounds for terminating an employment contract with a teleworker." Okhrana truda i tekhnika bezopasnosti na promyshlennykh predpriyatiyakh (Labor protection and safety procedure at the industrial enterprises), no. 8 (July 14, 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-4-2108-07.

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The article explores the problems associated with the possibility of establishing contractual grounds for termination of employment contracts with remote employees, identified by judicial practice, and also suggests requirements that must be met in terms of content and procedure for the grounds for termination of employment contracts.

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Rasmusen, Eric, and Ian Ayres. "Mutual and Unilateral Mistake in Contract Law." Journal of Legal Studies 22, no. 2 (June 1993): 309–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/468167.

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