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Статті в журналах з теми "Unjustified"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 19 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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1

Aguilar, R. "Unjustified." British Dental Journal 203, no. 7 (October 2007): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bdj.2007.906.

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2

Supp, Georg, Richard Rosedale, and Mark Werneke. "Unjustified extrapolation." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.03.008.

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3

Knowles, Dudley. "Unjustified Retribution." Israel Law Review 27, no. 1-2 (1993): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700016848.

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In a number of related papers Michael S. Moore has advanced a powerful theory of retributive punishment. The position as stated is simple: “retributivism is the view that we ought to punish offenders because and only because they deserve to be punished”. Desert is a necessary and sufficient condition for just punishment. However simple and straightforward the view, it still needs to be defended and Moore has been energetic in defending his corner against traditional objections and against replies that his account has attracted since first publication. His latest effort invites readers to pursue these problems in still greater depth. This is an invitation I am happy to accept. First I want to reexamine the charge that there is circularity in his account and second, I want to look more closely at the intuitions which ground his acceptance of the principle of desert.One worrying thought, for Moore, is that he may be begging the question. His argument proceeds by inviting us to consider a range of cases. In “The Moral Worth of Retribution” the focus is on a couple of savage murders. In “Justifying Retributivism” we are asked to practice Kant's thought-experiment: how should we deal with the last murderer before we leave the island; and ponder the fate of Dostoyevsky's nobleman who set his dogs to tear a child to pieces.

4

Bschor, Tom, and Christopher Baethge. "Unjustified conclusions." British Journal of Psychiatry 216, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.23.

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5

Hussain, M. "Unjustified vindictiveness." British Dental Journal 213, no. 4 (August 2012): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.733.

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6

Alexander, David. "Unjustified Defeaters." Erkenntnis 82, no. 4 (November 9, 2016): 891–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-016-9849-z.

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7

Manley, Ian S. Chart Ann, and Susan Hunter Youngren. "Study Criticisms Unjustified." Environmental Health Perspectives 112, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): a151—a152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.112-a151.

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8

Haslam, Peter J. "CAPM pessimism ‘unjustified’." Production Engineer 64, no. 1 (1985): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/tpe.1985.0007.

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9

&NA;. "Fluoroquinolone notoriety unjustified." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 845 (July 1992): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199208450-00001.

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10

Hee-Ho Pak. "Unjustified Enrichment in DCFR." HUFS Law Review 33, no. 2 (May 2009): 89–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.17257/hufslr.2009.33.2.89.

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11

George, S. J., J. J. M. Black, and M. J. Boscoe. "Nitric oxide: Unjustified credit?" Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 111, no. 1 (January 1996): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5223(96)70433-6.

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12

Jansen, Nils. "Farewell to Unjustified Enrichment?" Edinburgh Law Review 20, no. 2 (May 2016): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2016.0339.

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In this article, Professor Jansen sets out the historical background and present state of unjustified enrichment theory in the German-speaking civilian legal systems, Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. The German law of unjustified enrichment has grown from two intellectually separate roots. These different legal ideas were interwoven during the 19th century by the German Pandectists. During the 20th century, it began to appear to many that these ideas did not fit well with one another. Professor Jansen thus argues that the modern civilian law of unjustified enrichment is increasingly characterised by a division into independent and distinct parts. In particular, the rules on the unwinding of contracts and on payments made in contemplation of future contracts no longer have much in common with claims based on an infringement of another person's property right. The conclusion drawn is that the Germanic systems should take their leave of the unifying idea of unjustified enrichment.

13

Gough, A. "Dancer makes unjustified leaps." BMJ 347, jul16 1 (July 16, 2013): f4388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f4388.

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14

Savion, Leah. "Unjustified presuppositions of competence." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16, no. 2 (June 1993): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00030600.

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15

Della Sala, S. "Unjustified tribute of graphology." International Journal of Clinical Practice 64, no. 5 (April 2010): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02285.x.

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16

Ribeiro, Cláudia. "Unjustified Criticism of Metaphysics." Lato Sensu, Revue de la Société de philosophie des sciences 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20416/lsrsps.v2i1.123.

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17

Monks, C., R. Ortega Ruiz, and E. Torrado Val. "Unjustified aggression in preschool." Aggressive Behavior 28, no. 6 (2002): 458–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.10032.

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18

Macgregor, Laura J. "Illegal Contracts and Unjustified Enrichment." Edinburgh Law Review 4, no. 1 (January 2000): 19–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2000.4.1.19.

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If a contract is treated as an illegal contract, the contracting parties are denied the contractual remedies which would normally be available to them on breach of contract. The contract may, however, have been partially performed. For example, one contracting party may have delivered goods and received no payment from the other contracting party. The availability of unjustified enrichment remedies in this type of situation has been a vexed question, not only in Scots law, but in many other jurisdictions. This article looks at the Scottish approach to the availability of enrichment remedies and also at the related question of whether it is possible for title to goods to pass under an illegal contract. The focus thereafter lies on options for reform, and, in particular, the use of legislative discretion.

19

MAHONEY, DIANA. "Imaging Unjustified in Asymptomatic Diabetes." Internal Medicine News 41, no. 22 (November 2008): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(08)71260-5.

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20

MAHONEY, DIANA. "Imaging Unjustified in Asymptomatic Diabetes." Family Practice News 38, no. 20 (October 2008): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(08)71275-1.

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21

Murphy, Peter. "Justified Belief from Unjustified Belief." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 98, no. 4 (November 10, 2015): 602–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papq.12129.

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22

MARTIN, CRAIG A., KONRAD JAMROZIX, BRUCE K. ARMSTRONG, NICHOLAS H. DE KLERK, DALLAS R. ENGLISH, and MICHAEL S. T. HOBBS. "AN UNJUSTIFIED ATTACK ON “INCIDENCE?”." American Journal of Epidemiology 129, no. 4 (April 1989): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115181.

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23

Senger, E. "Scent-free policies generally unjustified." Canadian Medical Association Journal 183, no. 6 (February 28, 2011): E315—E316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-3800.

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24

Ormerod, W. E. "Unjustified diagnosis of mental disorder." Lancet 337, no. 8753 (June 1991): 1331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)92992-b.

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25

Lipsey, Mark W. "Unjustified inferences about meta-analysis." Journal of Experimental Criminology 3, no. 3 (July 31, 2007): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11292-007-9037-x.

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26

Pavlovic, Zlatko. "Propensity for unjustified analogical transfer." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 53, no. 1 (2021): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi2101151p.

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One of the biggest problems related to the application of analogies in teaching and learning relates to the possibility of misunderstanding the content of learn?ing, which in such cases is caused by unjustified analogical transfer. The paper presents the results of research on unjustified analogical transfer in the application of analogies in situations that are typical for learning in an academic context. The aim of the research was to examine the extent to which the tendency towards unjustified analogical transfer was expressed in the learning with the application of analogy. A quasi-experimental research with elements of a field experiment was realised on a sample of 140 students. Respondents read two texts. In one, a fictional animal was compared to a known animal, and in the other, a fictional game was compared to a known game. The experimental factor was an explicit indication of the differences between the compared objects. Knowledge tests measured how much the respondents remembered about the characteristics by which the compared objects were similar, i.e. not similar. By analysing the responses from the tests, we registered the presence of unjustified analogue transfer. The results show that the propensity for unjustified analogical transfer is present to a significant extent. This tendency can be reduced if, in addition to the similarities on which the analogy is based, there are also differences between the objects that are compared in the analogy, but even then it will not be completely eliminated. The basic pedagogical implications that follow from the obtained results are the need to strengthen the awareness of teachers and textbook authors about the potential danger of unjustified analogical transfer and the recommendation to point out to students the differences between the base and target domain. This significantly reduces this danger.

27

Springer, Sydney, Muriel Burk, Kelly Echevarria, Makoto Jones, and Matthew Goetz. "Appropriateness of Anti-MRSA Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With Suspected Community-Onset Infections." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s125—s126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.635.

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Background: Inappropriate use of MRSA-spectrum antibiotics is an important antimicrobial stewardship target. Contributors to inappropriate use include empiric treatment of patients who are determined to not be infected or who are infected but lack MRSA risk factors, and by excessive treatment duration when suspected MRSA infection is disproven. To characterize opportunities for improvement, we conducted a medical use evaluation (MUE) in 27 VA medical centers. The primary objectives were to assess the following proportions: (1) courses of unjustified empiric vancomycin therapy (patients in whom all antibacterials were halted within 2 days or without a principal or secondary discharge infection diagnosis); (2) courses of unjustified continuation of anti-MRSA therapy beyond day 4 (no MRSA risk factors or proven MRSA infection); and (3) excess anti-MRSA days of therapy (DOT), that is, DOT in unjustified empiric courses plus DOT after day 4 in unjustified continued courses. Methods: Clinical pharmacists performed retrospective, structured, manual record reviews of patients started on intravenous vancomycin on day 1 or 2 of hospitalization from June 2017 to May 2018. Exclusion criteria included surgical prophylaxis, recent MRSA infection, β-lactam allergy, renal insufficiency, severe immunosuppression, or infection that warranted anti-MRSA therapy other than vancomycin. Results: Of 2,493 evaluated patients, 1,320 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 44% of courses were initiated in the emergency department, 37% of patients had ≥1 risk factor for healthcare-associated infections, and 50% of patients had ≥2 SIRS criteria or required vasopressor support. The most common admission diagnoses were skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI, 40%; 68% nonpurulent) and pneumonia (27%; 46% without healthcare risk factors). Clinical cultures recovered MRSA from 8% of patients. Empiric therapy was not justified in 342 patients (26%; 57% were clinically stable). Continued therapy was unjustified in 46% of the 320 patients who received >4 days of anti-MRSA therapy. Of all days of anti-MRSA therapy, 23% were unjustified; 65% of these were due to unjustified empiric therapy. Site-specific variations in unjustified empiric therapy better correlated with the proportion of unjustified DOT than did unjustified continuation of therapy (Pearson correlation coefficients [PCC], 0.75 and 0.54, respectively) (Fig. 1). Facility-specific proportions of unjustified DOT modestly correlated with anti-MRSA DOT (PCC, 0.45; n = 27) (Fig. 2) but not the anti-MRSA standardized antimicrobial administration ratio (PCC, 0.15; n = 21). Conclusions: In this multicenter MUE, 26% of all days of anti-MRSA therapy lacked justification; this rate correlated with total facility-specific anti-MRSA DOT. Unnecessary empiric therapy, largely in the ED and for nonpurulent SSTIs and pneumonia without risk factors, was the principal contributor to unjustified DOT.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

28

C. Verster, Joris, and Chris Alford. "Editorial: Unjustified Concerns about Energy Drinks." Current Drug Abuse Reviewse 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874473711104010001.

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29

Taylor, James Stacey. "The Unjustified Assumptions of Organ Conscripters." HEC Forum 21, no. 2 (June 2009): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10730-009-9092-y.

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30

Al-Jahdali, Hamdan H. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Unjustified Diagnostic Challenges." Annals of Saudi Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 2000): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2000.24.

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31

Zhenjie, Hu. "Forum Non Conveniens: An Unjustified Doctrine." Netherlands International Law Review 48, no. 02 (August 2001): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00001236.

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32

&NA;. "HRT use "unjustified" among asymptomatic women." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1426 (February 2004): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200414260-00013.

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33

SCHONFELD, AMY ROTHMAN. "Dire Prognosis Unjustified in Retarded Kids." Clinical Neurology News 2, no. 7 (July 2006): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1553-3212(06)71600-4.

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34

Ballotta, Enzo, Giuseppe Da Giau, and Claudio Baracchini. "An Unjustified Return to the Past." Stroke 33, no. 3 (March 2002): 879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.33.3.879.

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35

Price, A. "Screening for central hypothyroidism is unjustified." BMJ 322, no. 7289 (March 31, 2001): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7289.798.

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36

ZIMMERMANN, REINHARD. "Unjustified Enrichment: The Modern Civilian Approach." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 15, no. 3 (1995): 403–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/15.3.403.

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37

Dweck, Altoon, Peter Lurie, David Michaels, and Sidney Wolfe. "Hexavalent chromium study???s conclusions unjustified." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 47, no. 10 (October 2005): 980–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000183340.41780.fb.

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38

Baumgarten, R. K. "Humidifiers Are Unjustified in Adult Anesthesia1." Anesthesia & Analgesia 64, no. 12 (December 1985): 1224???1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-198512000-00022.

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39

Greiner, Russell. "Against the unjustified use of probabilities." Computational Intelligence 4, no. 2 (May 1988): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00098.x.

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40

Dijkstra, Rients. "Unjustified anxiety about silicone breast implants." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 93, no. 4 (April 1994): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199404000-00055.

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41

Kaneko, Yayoi, Christina D. Buesching, and Chris Newman. "Unjustified killing of badgers in Kyushu." Nature 544, no. 7649 (April 2017): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/544161a.

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42

Oikarinen, Heljä, Salme Meriläinen, Eija Pääkkö, Ari Karttunen, Miika T. Nieminen, and Osmo Tervonen. "Unjustified CT examinations in young patients." European Radiology 19, no. 5 (January 21, 2009): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-008-1256-7.

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43

Kinross, Robin. "Unjustified text and the zero hour." Information Design Journal 7, no. 3 (January 1, 1994): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.7.3.05kin.

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This is the text of a lecture given at the conference on 'Design & reconstruction in postwar Europe', held at the Victoria & Albert Museum, London, in January 1994. It is an attempt to locate a general principle of design - unjustified setting of text - in a precise historical context. The discussion focusses on experiments and debates over unjustified text in the years around 1945, by designers in Switzerland, Britain, and the Netherlands.

44

Choi, Jae Hwan, Thomas J. O’Malley, and Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili. "Unjustified Stigma of Surgical Pulmonary Embolectomy." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 112, no. 1 (July 2021): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.11.084.

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45

MacQueen, Hector. "The Sophistication of Unjustified Enrichment: A Response to Nils Jansen." Edinburgh Law Review 20, no. 3 (September 2016): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2016.0361.

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In this article, Professor Hector MacQueen offers a Scots law response to the recently published arguments of Professor Nils Jansen on the German law of unjustified enrichment (as to which, see Jansen, “Farewell to Unjustified Enrichment” (2016) 20 EdinLR 123). The author argues that unjustified enrichment provides, and continues to provide, a useful “generalising” concept, the creative effects of which are far from spent (at least in Scotland).

46

RANCOURT, BENJAMIN T. "Egoism or the problem of evil: a dilemma for sceptical theism." Religious Studies 49, no. 3 (August 20, 2012): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412512000297.

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AbstractSceptical theists undermine the argument from evil by claiming that our ability to distinguish between justified and unjustified evil is weak enough that we must take seriously the possibility that all evil is justified. However, I argue that this claim leads to a dilemma: either our judgements regarding unjustified evil are reliable enough that the problem of evil remains a problem, or our judgements regarding unjustified evil are so unreliable that it would be misguided to use them in our decision-making. The first horn undermines theism, while the second undermines our moral decision-making. Thus, sceptical theism is problematic.

47

Heggie, John C. P., Stacy K. Goergen, and Michael J. Fallon. "Alarm about computed tomography scans is unjustified." Medical Journal of Australia 194, no. 3 (February 2011): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb04204.x.

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48

Blecher, Carl M. "Alarm about computed tomography scans is unjustified." Medical Journal of Australia 192, no. 12 (June 2010): 723–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03718.x.

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49

Mendelson, Richard M., Richard A. Fox, and Nicholas H. Klerk. "Alarm about computed tomography scans is unjustified." Medical Journal of Australia 193, no. 4 (August 2010): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03884.x.

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50

Leslie, Robert. "Unjustified Enrichment in the Conflict of Laws." Edinburgh Law Review 2, no. 2 (May 1998): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.1998.2.2.233.

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